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Gajofatto A, Bongianni M, Zanusso G, Bianchi MR, Turatti M, Benedetti MD, Monaco S. Clinical and biomarker assessment of demyelinating events suggesting multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2013; 128:336-44. [PMID: 23550839 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial demyelinating event (IDE) diagnosis and prognosis are not straightforward. OBJECTIVE To identify potential diagnostic markers and outcome predictors of IDEs suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS), that is, clinically isolated syndromes (CISs). METHODS Clinically isolated syndrome cases (i.e., subjects with an IDE compatible with MS onset and no alternative explanation) with at least 1.5 years' follow-up were retrospectively identified. All cases underwent clinical, neurophysiological, MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessment, including exploratory tau, 14-3-3, and cystatin C testing. CIS recovery, conversion to MS, and long-term neurological disability were used as outcome measures. Patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (IATM), Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, and non-inflammatory/non-neurodegenerative disorders served as controls for CSF analysis. RESULTS Forty-six CIS cases were included. Severe presentation was associated with incomplete recovery, while presence of at least 3 periventricular lesions on baseline MRI correlated with MS conversion. Initial pyramidal tract involvement, incomplete CIS recovery, and number of relapses predicted neurological disability. CSF tau, 14-3-3, and cystatin C did not correlate with any outcome measure. CIS cases had significantly lower tau and cystatin C levels compared to IATM. CONCLUSIONS An extensive diagnostic evaluation of patients with an IDE is worthwhile to make prognostic predictions. More robust molecular biomarkers are needed.
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Boncagni L, Pucci D, Piesco F, Zarfati E, Mazzitelli G, Monaco S. A control approach for plasma density in tokamak machines. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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128
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Tagliapietra M, Zanusso G, Fiorini M, Bonetto N, Zarantonello G, Zambon A, Ermani M, Monaco S, Manara R, Cagnin A. Accuracy of diagnostic criteria for sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease among rapidly progressive dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2013. [PMID: 23207489 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is a rare presentation of different neurological disorders characterized by cognitive impairment leading to loss of functional independence within 24 months or less. The increasing recognition of treatable non-prion causes of RPD has made the differential diagnosis with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) of crucial importance. We therefore assessed the frequency of different etiologies of RPD and evaluated the accuracy of newly proposed diagnostic criteria for sCJD. Clinical records of patients with RPD referred to Memory Clinic between 2007 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The accuracy of diagnostic criteria for sCJD was evaluated by: a) MRI images in DWI and FLAIR sequences; and (b) CSF 14-3-3 protein. In addition, CSF total tau protein level was also assessed. Final diagnosis was obtained after a 1-year follow-up or after autopsy. Among 37 patients with RPD, the most frequent causes were non-prion diseases, either untreatable (38%) or potentially treatable (32%), thus leaving sCJD as a less frequent cause (30%). DWI images had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 96%, while FLAIR yielded a very low sensitivity (40%). CSF 14-3-3 protein had a sensitivity of 100%, but a very low specificity (43%). The strongest independent predictor of sCJD diagnosis was the CSF tau level (p = 0.002) (91% sensitivity, 83% specificity). Treatable causes of RPD are as frequent as sCJD and a rapid differential diagnosis is mandatory. We suggest that DWI images and CSF analysis combining 14-3-3 and total tau protein determination hold the best informative diagnostic values.
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Stefani A, Riello M, Rossini F, Mariotto S, Fenzi F, Gambina G, Zanusso G, Monaco S. Neurosyphilis manifesting with rapidly progressive dementia: report of three cases. Neurol Sci 2013; 34:2027-30. [PMID: 24062212 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-013-1531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurosyphilis is rather an unusual cause of dementia characterized by a rapidly progressive course and psychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis should be suspected in the presence of a global cognitive impairment consisting in disorientation, amnesia and severe impairment of speech and judgement and psychiatric symptoms such as depression, mania and psychosis, with a subacute onset. More commonly, clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis include general PARESIS (involvement of Personality, Affect, Reflexes, Eye, Sensorium, Intellect and Speech). Upon clinical suspicion, diagnosis of neurosyphilis is confirmed by a reactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory. Here we report three Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-negative male patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms and a rapidly evolving dementia. Although magnetic resonance imaging did not address to diagnosis, CSF examination was mandatory in neurosyphilis diagnosis. Other diagnostic tools such as neuropsychology and single-photon emission computed tomography resulted supportive in the diagnosis. We showed that a prompt antibiotic treatment might stop disease progression. Therefore, neurosyphilis should be always considered even in HIV-negative patients in the presence of unexpected psychiatric symptoms accompanied by a rapidly evolving cognitive decline.
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Miceli Sopo S, Buonsenso D, Monaco S, Crocco S, Longo G, Calvani M. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and well cooked foods: a working hypothesis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:346-8. [PMID: 23141755 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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131
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Mariotto S, Bianchi MR, Ferrari S, Zanusso G, Ghimenton C, Testoni M, Faccioli F, Frisoni GB, Monaco S. Cauda equina syndrome caused by lumbosacral epidural lipomatosis. A case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115:1549-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bertolasi L, Frasson E, Turri M, Gajofatto A, Bordignon M, Zanolin E, Martini M, Pimazzoni F, Ferlisi M, Zanusso G, Rossi M, Monaco S. A randomized controlled trial of IV immunoglobulin in patients with postpolio syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zanier ER, Zoerle T, Fiorini M, Longhi L, Cracco L, Bersano A, Branca V, Benedetti MD, De Simoni MG, Monaco S, Stocchetti N. Heart-fatty acid-binding and tau proteins relate to brain injury severity and long-term outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage patients. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:424-32. [PMID: 23650253 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasospasm and other secondary neurological insults may follow subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Biomarkers have the potential to stratify patient risk and perhaps serve as an early warning sign of delayed ischaemic injury. METHODS Serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 38 consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit. We measured heart-fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and tau protein (τ) levels in the CSF to evaluate their association with brain damage, and their potential as predictors of the long-term outcome. H-FABP and τ were analysed in relation to acute clinical status, assessed by the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale, radiological findings, clinical vasospasm, and 6-month outcome. RESULTS H-FABP and τ increased after SAH. H-FABP and τ were higher in patients in poor clinical status on admission (WFNS 4-5) compared with milder patients (WFNS 1-3). Elevated H-FABP and τ levels were also observed in patients with early cerebral ischaemia, defined as a CT scan hypodense lesion visible within the first 3 days after SAH. After the acute phase, H-FABP, and τ showed a delayed increase with the occurrence of clinical vasospasm. Finally, patients with the unfavourable outcome (death, vegetative state, or severe disability) had higher peak levels of both proteins compared with patients with good recovery or moderate disability. CONCLUSIONS H-FABP and τ show promise as biomarkers of brain injury after SAH. They may help to identify the occurrence of vasospasm and predict the long-term outcome.
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Santalucia P, Pezzella FR, Sessa M, Monaco S, Torgano G, Anticoli S, Zanoli E, Maimone Baronello M, Paciaroni M, Caso V. Sex differences in clinical presentation, severity and outcome of stroke: results from a hospital-based registry. Eur J Intern Med 2013; 24:167-71. [PMID: 23167980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sex related differences in cardiovascular disease and stroke are issues of increasing interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate for sex differences in clinical presentation, severity of stroke and outcome in a population of patients admitted to 4 public and 1 private hospitals in three different regions of Italy. METHODS All hospital admissions for ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke (ICD-IX code 434 and 431 respectively) between January 1st and December 31st, 2011 at five different hospitals located in three different regions of Italy: Milan (North), Rome and Perugia (Center), and Palermo (South) have been recorded and sex-differences have been evaluated. RESULTS A total of 1272 stroke patients were included in the analysis: 1152 ischemic and 120 haemorrhagic strokes, 567 women and 705 men. Compared to men, women were significantly older (mean age 75.2 SD 13.7 vs 71.5 SD 12.5 years, P<0.001) and their stroke severities at onset, measured by NIHSS, were also compared to men (10 SD 8 vs 8 SD 7, P<0.001). Female sex was associated with a worse functional prognosis measured by modified Rankin Scale score (mRS≥3), as well as in-hospital mortality, without reaching statistical significance. There were no observed significant differences between sexes regarding the number of patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. Analysis of the distribution of risk factors between sexes showed a prevalence of atrial fibrillation in women (29% vs 21%, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Both stroke severity and functional outcome were worse in women.
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Fundarò C, Filoni S, Giorgio V, Calabrese V, Monaco S, Onesimo R, Fantacci C, Molle F, Calandrelli R. An unusual case of neonatal cholestasis. Minerva Pediatr 2013; 65:97-101. [PMID: 23422579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), otherwise called De Morsier syndrome, is a developmental anomaly of mid-line brain structures and includes optic nerve hypoplasia, absence of the septum pellucidum and hypothalamo-pituitary abnormalities). In literature an association between optic nerve hypoplasia and neonatal cholestasis is described. We report the case of a female infant with persistent cholestasis, low weight gain and onset of nystagmus that appeared at one month and a half of life. Ophthalmology evaluation showed left optic nerve hypoplasia. MRI scan of the brain demonstrated a thin left optic nerve, an ectoptic posterior pituitary gland, no visible infundibulum and lack of septum pellucidum. Endocrinological investigation showed GH and ACTH deficiency. We discuss about diagnosis and pathogenesis of De Morsier syndrome with a brief review of the literature.
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Turatti M, Gajofatto A, Bianchi MR, Ferrari S, Monaco S, Benedetti MD. Benign course of tumour-like multiple sclerosis. Report of five cases and literature review. J Neurol Sci 2012; 324:156-62. [PMID: 23151425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) with initial neuroradiological features suggestive of brain tumour (tumour-like MS) may represent a challenging diagnosis. METHODS Among the patients seen at the MS centre of our Institution between 2000 and 2010, we identified cases presenting with a large (diameter>2 cm), well-defined lesion, suggestive of brain tumour on initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only patients with at least 10 years follow-up were included. RESULTS Five young women with MS who presented with a tumour-like lesion on initial brain MRI are described. All cases presented with sudden-onset neurological deficits due to a single large brain lesion compatible with neoplasm at MRI. Two cases underwent brain stereotactic biopsy, both misdiagnosed as astrocytoma. However, the subsequent clinical and MRI follow-up was consistent with MS in all cases. Unnecessary surgery and radiotherapy were responsible for disability in two cases. In three cases, the course of the disease remains benign after more than 13 years from symptoms onset. CONCLUSIONS Our report of clinical, radiological and pathological features of five tumour-like MS cases confirms that it is mandatory to consider a demyelinating process in the differential diagnosis of tumour-like brain lesions. Many tumour-like MS cases may have a favourable long term prognosis.
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Gehrmann J, Monaco S, Kreutzberg GW. Spinal cord microglial cells and DRG satellite cells rapidly respond to transection of the rat sciatic nerve. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2012; 2:181-98. [PMID: 21551602 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-1991-245605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transection of the rat sciatic nerve induces retrograde changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and in the motoneurons in the ventral grey matter of the lumbar L4-L6 spinal cord segments. In the ipsilateral dorsal grey matter and in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis, transganglionic changes occur in the terminal fields of the centrally projecting axons of injured DRG neurons. As revealed by immunocytochemistry, the neuronal reactions were associated with a rapid proliferation and activation of microglial cells in the lumbar spinal cord as well as in the nucleus gracilis. Reactive microglial cells were detected as early as 24 h after sciatic axotomy. The microglial reaction had a maximum around day 7 postlesion and disappeared around 6 weeks after axotomy. In addition to light microscopy, activated, perineuronal microglia were identified by immuno-electron microscopy in the ventral grey matter. In the DRG, satellite cells constitutively expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. Sciatic axotomy led to a proliferation of satellite cells and an increased expression of MHC class II molecules in particular. This satellite cell reaction started 24 h after axotomy and continued to increase gradually until about 6 weeks after the lesion. Resident macrophages, detected in the DRG interstitial tissue by their expression of monocyte/macrophage markers, also reacted to sciatic axotomy. Our data suggest that (1) sciatic axotomy leads to a rapid microglial reaction in both the ventral and dorsal grey matter of the lumbar spinal cord and in the ipsilateral nucleus gracilis; (2) the immunophenotype of activated microglia following sciatic axotomy is comparable with that observed after axotomy of cranial nerves, e.g. the facial nerve; (3) satellite cells in DRG constitutively express MHC class II molecules; and (4) sciatic axotomy leads to a rapid activation of satellite cells and interstitial macrophages in the axotomized DRG.
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Ferrari S, Tecchio C, Turri G, Richelli S, Ghimenton C, Monaco S, Todeschini G. Unusual case of solitary intraparenchymal brain plasmacytoma. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:e350-2. [PMID: 23032627 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.43.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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139
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Candelli M, Rigante D, Schiavino A, Gabrielli M, Crea F, Minguell Del Lungo L, Pignataro G, Sacco E, Monaco S, Gentiloni Silveri N, Gasbarrini A. High reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori in young type 1 diabetic patients: a three-year follow-up study. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 16:1468-72. [PMID: 23111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication does not affect metabolic control in diabetic patients. The prevalence of H. pylori infection and reinfection rate in adult diabetic patients seems to be higher than in controls. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the reinfection rate of H. pylori three years after a standard eradicating treatment and the late effect of eradication upon metabolic control in young diabetic patients. METHODS We enrolled 75 diabetic patients and 99 controls, from previous our studies in which we had evaluated H. pylori infection. In all subjects we re-evaluated the presence of H. pylori by means of 13C-Urea Breath Test, metabolic control and the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms. The effect of age, sex and socio-economic factors on H. pylori reinfection were also evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in diabetic patients (17/69, 24%) than in dyspeptic controls of similar age, gender and socio-economical status after three years of follow-up. The reinfection rate was higher in diabetic patients than in controls. Multivariate analysis confirmed that age and socio-economical status were independently associated with H. pylori reinfection. CONCLUSIONS Young patients with diabetes present a higher risk of H. pylori gastric reinfection than controls. In addition, age and mean annual income are associated with reinfection.
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Fundarò C, Caldarelli M, Monaco S, Cota F, Giorgio V, Filoni S, Di Rocco C, Onesimo R. Brain CT scan for pediatric minor accidental head injury. An Italian experience and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28:1063-8. [PMID: 22349902 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Every year 300,000 children with accidental head trauma are admitted to Italian emergency departments. Our aims were: (1) to describe patients with minor traumatic brain injury who were admitted to pediatric departments and underwent CT, and (2) to analyze the appropriateness of management according to current guidelines. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with minor head injury (median age 4.5 years, range 1 month to 16 years) who were admitted to the pediatric department of the Catholic Medical School of Rome, from January 2005 to September 2010, who performed head CT. Univariate analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred and seventy-four patients were enrolled in the study. Fifty-four patients (31%) had pathological CT findings. Eight patients underwent neurosurgical treatments. Vomiting was the only symptom significantly prevalent in the infant group, compared to the children group (10.7% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.007), while loss of consciousness in the children group (50.0% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.040). The relationship between scalp swelling and CT abnormalities was statistically significant in the entire population. The incidence of head abnormalities was significantly higher in children with abnormal CT (92.6% vs. 72.5%). CONCLUSIONS The best way to manage children with minor head trauma is still matter of debate. Loss of consciousness and scalp swelling are risk factors predicting brain injury that deserve CT control. The radiation risks posed by CT scanning in children must be balanced by the benefits. We believe that even though CT scans may be clinically unnecessary in many cases, the rate of scanning is justified by the even limited number of abnormalities which require neurosurgical treatment.
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Gajofatto A, Bongianni M, Fiorini M, Zanusso G, Bianchi MR, Richelli S, Turatti M, Benedetti MD, Monaco S. A Panel of Exploratory CSF Biomarkers in Patients with an Initial Demyelinating Event of the CNS: Does It Add Relevant Information to Usual Work-Up? (P02.080). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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142
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Valentino G, Blasi PD, Monaco S, Giannelli L. Protocol for the control and rationalisation of the use of albumin in Avellino. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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143
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Monaco S, Fiorini M, Farinazzo A, Ferrari S, Gelati M, Piccardo P, Zanusso G, Ghetti B. Allelic origin of protease-sensitive and protease-resistant prion protein isoforms in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with the P102L mutation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32382. [PMID: 22384235 PMCID: PMC3285667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is a dominantly inherited prion disease associated with point mutations in the Prion Protein gene. The most frequent mutation associated with GSS involves a proline-to-leucine substitution at residue 102 of the prion protein, and is characterized by marked variability at clinical, pathological and molecular levels. Previous investigations of GSS P102L have shown that disease-associated pathological prion protein, or PrP(Sc), consists of two main conformers, which under exogenous proteolysis generates a core fragment of 21 kDa and an internal fragment of 8 kDa. Both conformers are detected in subjects with spongiform degeneration, whereas only the 8 kDa fragment is recovered in cases lacking spongiosis. Several studies have reported an exclusive derivation of protease-resistant PrP(Sc) isoforms from the mutated allele; however, more recently, the propagation of protease-resistant wild-type PrP(Sc) has been described. Here we analyze the molecular and pathological phenotype of six GSS P102L cases characterized by the presence of 21 and 8 kDa PrP fragments and two subjects with only the 8 kDa PrP fragment. Using sensitive protein separation techniques and Western blots with antibodies differentially recognizing wild-type and mutant PrP we observed a range of PrP(Sc) allelic conformers, either resistant or sensitive to protease treatment in all investigated subjects. Additionally, tissue deposition of protease-sensitive wild-type PrP(Sc) molecules was seen by conventional PrP immunohistochemistry and paraffin-embedded tissue blot. Our findings enlarge the spectrum of conformational allelic PrP(Sc) quasispecies propagating in GSS P102L thus providing a molecular support to the spectrum of disease phenotypes, and, in addition, impact the diagnostic role of PrP immunohistochemistry in prion diseases.
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Suardi S, Vimercati C, Casalone C, Gelmetti D, Corona C, Iulini B, Mazza M, Lombardi G, Moda F, Ruggerone M, Campagnani I, Piccoli E, Catania M, Groschup MH, Balkema-Buschmann A, Caramelli M, Monaco S, Zanusso G, Tagliavini F. Infectivity in skeletal muscle of cattle with atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31449. [PMID: 22363650 PMCID: PMC3283643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloidotic form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) termed BASE is caused by a prion strain whose biological properties differ from those of typical BSE, resulting in a clinically and pathologically distinct phenotype. Whether peripheral tissues of BASE-affected cattle contain infectivity is unknown. This is a critical issue since the BASE prion is readily transmissible to a variety of hosts including primates, suggesting that humans may be susceptible. We carried out bioassays in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine PrP (Tgbov XV) and found infectivity in a variety of skeletal muscles from cattle with natural and experimental BASE. Noteworthy, all BASE muscles used for inoculation transmitted disease, although the attack rate differed between experimental and natural cases (∼70% versus ∼10%, respectively). This difference was likely related to different prion titers, possibly due to different stages of disease in the two conditions, i.e. terminal stage in experimental BASE and pre-symptomatic stage in natural BASE. The neuropathological phenotype and PrPres type were consistent in all affected mice and matched those of Tgbov XV mice infected with brain homogenate from natural BASE. The immunohistochemical analysis of skeletal muscles from cattle with natural and experimental BASE showed the presence of abnormal prion protein deposits within muscle fibers. Conversely, Tgbov XV mice challenged with lymphoid tissue and kidney from natural and experimental BASE did not develop disease. The novel information on the neuromuscular tropism of the BASE strain, efficiently overcoming species barriers, underlines the relevance of maintaining an active surveillance.
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Sopo SM, Filoni S, Giorgio V, Monaco S, Onesimo R. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) to corn: a case report. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2012; 22:391-392. [PMID: 23101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
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146
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Tocco P, Fenzi F, Cerini R, Monaco S. Adult-onset migraine-related ophthalmoplegia and omolateral fetal-type posterior cerebral artery. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr.10.2011.4930. [PMID: 22674608 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.10.2011.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 33-year-old woman with a long history of typical migraine without aura developed a pupillary-involving right third nerve palsy, after a typical migraine attack. The right pupil was 5 mm and showed delayed direct and consensual photomotor responses; the left pupil was 3 mm and reactive. Pupillary reaction to convergence was slow on the right eye. Ptosis, impaired elevation of the eye and weakened adduction were noted in the right eye. CT scan of the brain showed no abnormalities, whereas a CT digital cerebral angiography revealed a fetal-type right posterior cerebral artery (PCA). MRI disclosed thickening and contrast-enhancement of the cisternal portion of the right oculomotor nerve. A lumbar puncture, performed 5 days after the onset of ocular symptoms, yielded acellular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with normal protein and glucose levels. Ptosis and diplopia recovered within a week, whereas blurred vision, anisocoria and accommodation deficit subsided after 10 weeks.
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Gajofatto A, Monaco S, Fiorini M, Zanusso G, Vedovello M, Rossi F, Turatti M, Benedetti MD. Assessment of Outcome Predictors in First-Episode Acute Myelitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 67:724-30. [DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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148
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Marino F, Macrì D, Lanteri G, Manganaro M, Monaco S, Germanà A. Neurofibroma in a striped mullet: histochemical and immunohistochemical study. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2010; 22:92-94. [PMID: 20848883 DOI: 10.1577/h09-058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A case of neurofibroma is reported in a wild striped mullet Mugil cephalus. Macro- and microscopic features are described. The tumor arose on the head as a white-grayish, firm mass protruding outwards but covered by the epidermis. The neoplastic tissue showed well-defined borders and was encapsulated; it was predominantly composed of elongated cells with ellipsoid, hyperchromatic nuclei and pale cytoplasm. The cells were irregularly arranged; in the context of the neoplastic proliferation, these cells were usually densely packed, sometimes forming parallel arrays, but without distinctive nuclear palisades. The diagnosis of neurofibroma is also supported by the positive immunostaining for S-100 and vimentin as well as by the negative calretinin reaction.
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Cipolletta E, Monaco S, Maione AS, Vitiello L, Campiglia P, Pastore L, Franchini C, Novellino E, Limongelli V, Bayer KU, Means AR, Rossi G, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Illario M. Calmodulin-dependent kinase II mediates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and is potentiated by extracellular signal regulated kinase. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2747-59. [PMID: 20392834 PMCID: PMC2875822 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes to vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Calcium-dependent signaling through calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and ERK1/2 activation plays an important role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation by agents such as alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists. Nevertheless, how the CaMKII and ERK pathways interact in VSMCs has yet to be characterized. The aim of the present study was to clarify this interaction in response to alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor-mediated VSMC proliferation. We discovered that phenylephrine stimulation resulted in complex formation between CaMKII and ERK in a manner that facilitated phosphorylation of both protein kinases. To assess the effects of CaMKII/ERK association on VSMC proliferation, we inhibited endogenous CaMKII either pharmacologically or by adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of a kinase-inactive CaMKII mutant. Inhibition of CaMKII activation but not CaMKII autonomous activity significantly decreased formation of the CaMKII/ERK complex. On the contrary, the expression of constitutively active CaMKII enhanced VSMC growth and CaMKII/ERK association. In addressing the mechanism of this effect, we found that CaMKII could not directly phosphorylate ERK but instead enhanced Raf1 activation. By contrast, ERK interaction with CaMKII facilitated CaMKII phosphorylation and promoted its nuclear localization. Our results reveal a critical role for CaMKII in VSMC proliferation and imply that CaMKII facilitates assembly of the Raf/MEK/ERK complex and that ERK enhances CaMKII activation and influences its subcellular localization.
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Sedda A, Monaco S, Bottini G, Goodale MA. The role of audition in the scaling of grasping. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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