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Langleben DD, Schroeder L, Maldjian JA, Gur RC, McDonald S, Ragland JD, O'Brien CP, Childress AR. Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study. Neuroimage 2002; 15:727-32. [PMID: 11848716 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TheGuilty Knowledge Test (GKT) has been used extensively to model deception. An association between the brain evoked response potentials and lying on the GKT suggests that deception may be associated with changes in other measures of brain activity such as regional blood flow that could be anatomically localized with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI contrasts between deceptive and truthful responses were measured with a 4 Tesla scanner in 18 participants performing the GKT and analyzed using statistical parametric mapping. Increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and the left premotor, motor, and anterior parietal cortex was specifically associated with deceptive responses. The results indicate that: (a) cognitive differences between deception and truth have neural correlates detectable by fMRI, (b) inhibition of the truthful response may be a basic component of intentional deception, and (c) ACC and SFG are components of the basic neural circuitry for deception.
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Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, Lyne M, Lyne R, Stewart A, Sgouros J, Peat N, Hayles J, Baker S, Basham D, Bowman S, Brooks K, Brown D, Brown S, Chillingworth T, Churcher C, Collins M, Connor R, Cronin A, Davis P, Feltwell T, Fraser A, Gentles S, Goble A, Hamlin N, Harris D, Hidalgo J, Hodgson G, Holroyd S, Hornsby T, Howarth S, Huckle EJ, Hunt S, Jagels K, James K, Jones L, Jones M, Leather S, McDonald S, McLean J, Mooney P, Moule S, Mungall K, Murphy L, Niblett D, Odell C, Oliver K, O'Neil S, Pearson D, Quail MA, Rabbinowitsch E, Rutherford K, Rutter S, Saunders D, Seeger K, Sharp S, Skelton J, Simmonds M, Squares R, Squares S, Stevens K, Taylor K, Taylor RG, Tivey A, Walsh S, Warren T, Whitehead S, Woodward J, Volckaert G, Aert R, Robben J, Grymonprez B, Weltjens I, Vanstreels E, Rieger M, Schäfer M, Müller-Auer S, Gabel C, Fuchs M, Düsterhöft A, Fritzc C, Holzer E, Moestl D, Hilbert H, Borzym K, Langer I, Beck A, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Pohl TM, Eger P, Zimmermann W, Wedler H, Wambutt R, Purnelle B, Goffeau A, Cadieu E, Dréano S, Gloux S, Lelaure V, Mottier S, Galibert F, Aves SJ, Xiang Z, Hunt C, Moore K, Hurst SM, Lucas M, Rochet M, Gaillardin C, Tallada VA, Garzon A, Thode G, Daga RR, Cruzado L, Jimenez J, Sánchez M, del Rey F, Benito J, Domínguez A, Revuelta JL, Moreno S, Armstrong J, Forsburg SL, Cerutti L, Lowe T, McCombie WR, Paulsen I, Potashkin J, Shpakovski GV, Ussery D, Barrell BG, Nurse P, Cerrutti L. The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature 2002; 415:871-80. [PMID: 11859360 DOI: 10.1038/nature724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1118] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced and annotated the genome of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which contains the smallest number of protein-coding genes yet recorded for a eukaryote: 4,824. The centromeres are between 35 and 110 kilobases (kb) and contain related repeats including a highly conserved 1.8-kb element. Regions upstream of genes are longer than in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), possibly reflecting more-extended control regions. Some 43% of the genes contain introns, of which there are 4,730. Fifty genes have significant similarity with human disease genes; half of these are cancer related. We identify highly conserved genes important for eukaryotic cell organization including those required for the cytoskeleton, compartmentation, cell-cycle control, proteolysis, protein phosphorylation and RNA splicing. These genes may have originated with the appearance of eukaryotic life. Few similarly conserved genes that are important for multicellular organization were identified, suggesting that the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes required more new genes than did the transition from unicellular to multicellular organization.
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Manley DM, Abaev VV, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Grosnick D, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke DD, Kulbardis AA, Kozlenko NG, Kruglov S, Lolos G, Lopatin IV, Manweiler R, Marusić A, McDonald S, Nefkens BMK, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Peaslee DC, Phaisangittisakul N, Prakhov S, Price JW, Ramirez AF, Sadler M, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus TDS, Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM, Strakovsky II, Supek I, Tippens WB. Properties of the Lambda(1670)(1-)/2 resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:012002. [PMID: 11800936 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently the Crystal Ball Collaboration measured precise new data for the near-threshold reaction K(-)p-->etaLambda, which is dominated by formation of the Lambda(1670)1 / 2(-). In this Letter, we present results of a unitary, multichannel analysis that incorporates the new Crystal Ball data. For our preferred fit, we obtain mass M = 1673+/-2 MeV, width Gamma = 23+/-6 MeV, and elasticity x = 0.37+/-0.07. This elasticity is significantly larger than previously recognized. Resonance parameters of our preferred fit are in striking agreement with the quark-model predictions of Koniuk and Isgur.
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Tippens WB, Prakhov S, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Berger E, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Efendiev A, Grosnick D, Holstein BR, Huber GM, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Lolos GJ, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Marusić A, Manweiler R, McDonald S, Nefkens BM, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Phaisangittisakul N, Price JW, Pulver M, Ramirez AF, Sadler ME, Shafi A, Spinka H, Stanislaus S, Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM. Determination of the quadratic slope parameter in eta-->3pi(0) decay. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:192001. [PMID: 11690403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.192001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the quadratic slope parameter alpha for eta-->3pi(0) to be alpha = -0.031(4) from a 99% pure sample of 10(6)eta-->3pi(0) decays produced in the reaction pi(-)p-->n(eta) close to the eta threshold using the Crystal Ball detector at the AGS. The result is four times more precise than the present world data and disagrees with current chiral perturbation theory calculations by about four standard deviations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the cause and clinicopathological factors associated with the failure of barium enemas to detect colorectal cancers. METHODS A histopathological database was used to identify all patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer between 1991 and 1995. These records were matched with the records from patients who underwent barium enema examinations between 1990 and 1995. Those patients who had a colorectal cancer histologically diagnosed within 24 months of a barium enema in which no carcinoma was seen, were identified. Where possible the radiology was reviewed. Failure to identify a carcinoma was then attributed to either simple failure, technical, interpretive or perceptive difficulties. RESULTS There were 967 patients with colorectal cancers treated in Christchurch Hospital during the study period 1991-1995. Matching of these patient details with all barium enema records revealed 313 patients who had barium enemas and histologically proven colorectal cancer. There were 21 (6.7%) patients in whom a carcinoma was missed. Of these, 18 had a barium enema within 8 months of surgery, and three were performed outside this timespan (15, 18 and 28 months, respectively). On review, 11 carcinomas could not be identified (nine due to technical error: poor coating (n = 1), overlapping loops (n = 3), single-contrast enema (n = 4), faecal residue (n = 1)); and seven could be seen on review of the films (two interpretation errors, one technical and perceptive error, and four perceptive errors). In three cases films could not be found for review. In 16 of the 21 missed lesions the patient had a double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) while five patients had single-contrast barium enema (SCBE). The site and stage of missed tumours is presented. CONCLUSIONS The most common reason for missed tumours was technical. The percentage of missed tumours in each region of the bowel correlates with the known incidence of tumours in each region and with a normal Dukes stage distribution, except in the caecum where the number of missed lesions was higher than expected.
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Turkstra LS, McDonald S, DePompei R. Social information processing in adolescents: data from normally developing adolescents and preliminary data from their peers with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2001; 16:469-83. [PMID: 11574042 DOI: 10.1097/00001199-200110000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess aspects of social information processing in naturalistic conversations, using online videotape tasks. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS The tasks were administered to 60 normally developing (ND) subjects ages 13 to 21, and 10 adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING University. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Task accuracy scores and measures of reliability and validity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS ND group scores were generally high, without significant differences by race, sex or age. TBI group scores were significantly lower than ND group scores for both emotion recognition and detection of conversation skills. The results are discussed in light of the evaluation of pragmatic competence in adolescents with TBI.
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McDonald S. Where to put a practice: factors to consider. JOURNAL OF THE MASSACHUSETTS DENTAL SOCIETY 2001; 49:8-11. [PMID: 11324045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The temple of the Oracle at Delphi has "Know Thyself" engraved above it. Using modern demographic and psychographic research, it is both possible and practical to "know thy practice site" so that this important and risk-filled decision can be made rationally.
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Pritchard RG, Eaton N, McDonald S, Strickland P. catena-Poly[dibromozinc(II)-mu-ethylenediamine-N:N']: resolution of structural anomalies resulting from the interpretation of vibrational spectra. Acta Crystallogr C 2001; 57:672-3. [PMID: 11408665 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270101000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2000] [Accepted: 01/05/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title structure, [ZnBr2(C2H8N2)], is made up of infinite -ZnBr2-(en)-ZnBr2-(en)- zigzag chains. Each repeat unit contains a trans ethylenediamine ligand [N-C-C-N -179 (1) degrees ], which bridges two approximately tetrahedral but crystallographically distinct Zn atoms. One Zn atom is bisected by a crystallographic twofold axis, whereas the other has mirror symmetry. Even though the crystal packing does not allow significant interaction between Zn and N atoms on adjacent chains, it does facilitate extensive intermolecular N-H...Br hydrogen bonding (N...H 2.69-2.96 A).
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Scurr JH, Machin SJ, Bailey-King S, Mackie IJ, McDonald S, Smith PD. Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomised trial. Lancet 2001; 357:1485-9. [PMID: 11377600 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The true frequency of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) during long-haul air travel is unknown. We sought to determine the frequency of DVT in the lower limb during long-haul economy-class air travel and the efficacy of graduated elastic compression stockings in its prevention. METHODS We recruited 89 male and 142 female passengers over 50 years of age with no history of thromboembolic problems. Passengers were randomly allocated to one of two groups: one group wore class-I below-knee graduated elastic compression stockings, the other group did not. All the passengers made journeys lasting more than 8 h per flight (median total duration 24 h), returning to the UK within 6 weeks. Duplex ultrasonography was used to assess the deep veins before and after travel. Blood samples were analysed for two specific common gene mutations, factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A (PGM), which predispose to venous thromboembolism. Asensitive D-dimer assay was used to screen for the development of recent thrombosis. FINDINGS 12/116 passengers (10%; 95% CI 4.8-16.0%) developed symptomless DVT in the calf (five men, seven women). None of these passengers wore elastic compression stockings, and two were heterozygous for FVL. Four further patients who wore elastic compression stockings, had varicose veins and developed superficial thrombophlebitis. One of these passengers was heterozygous for both FVL and PGM. None of the passengers who wore class-I compression stockings developed DVT (95% CI 0-3.2%). INTERPRETATION We conclude that symptomless DVT might occur in up to 10% of long-haul airline travellers. Wearing of elastic compression stockings during long-haul air travel is associated with a reduction in symptomless DVT.
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McDonald S. Key factors in determining a dental practice site. JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA DENTAL ASSOCIATION 2001; 29:283-8. [PMID: 11346998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
There is no single "right" place to place a dental practice. Personal preferences, family, friends, church, and recreation all have a hand in determining a dentist's likelihood of happiness with a particular location. Still, the science of demographics and psychographics (who people are and what they do) can provide a dentist with necessary insights into knowing the potential of a location. This article discusses important demographic and psychographic information that should be considered when determining a dental practice site.
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Elbourne DR, Prendiville WJ, Carroli G, Wood J, McDonald S. Prophylactic use of oxytocin in the third stage of labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001:CD001808. [PMID: 11687123 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many maternal deaths across the world result from complications of the third stage of labour (when the placenta is delivered). OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of oxytocin given prophylactically in the third stage of labour on maternal and neonatal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY Relevant trials were identified in the Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register and the Pregnancy and Childbirth Review Group's Specialised Register of Controlled Trials. Date of last search: May 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA All acceptably randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials including pregnant women anticipating a vaginal delivery where oxytocin was given prophylactically for the third stage of labour. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed studies for relevance and methodological quality, and extracted data. Analysis was by intention to treat. Subgroup analyses were based on extent of selection bias, oxytocin in the context of active or expectant management of the third stage, and timing of administration. Results are presented as relative risks, and weighted mean difference, both with 95% confidence intervals using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS In seven trials involving over 3000 women in hospital and/or developed country settings, prophylactic oxytocin showed benefits (reduced blood loss (relative risk (RR) for blood loss > 500 ml 0.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43, 0.59) and need for therapeutic oxytocics (RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.39, 0.64).) compared to no uterotonics, although there was a non-significant trend towards more manual removal of the placenta (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.79, 1.73) which was most marked in the expectant management subgroup, and blood transfusions (RR 1.30; 95% CI 0.50, 3.39) in the trials with more manual removals of the placenta). In six trials involving over 2800 women, there was little evidence of differential effects for oxytocin versus ergot alkaloids, except ergot alkaloids are associated with more manual removals of the placenta (RR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41, 0.79), and with the suggestion of more raised blood pressure (RR 0.53; 95% CI 0.19, 1.58) than with oxytocin. In five trials involving over 2800 women, there was little evidence of a synergistic effects of adding oxytocin to ergometrine versus ergometrine alone. For all other outcomes in the comparisons either there are no data or the number of adverse events is very small, and so definite conclusions cannot be drawn. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There are strong suggestions of benefit for oxytocin in terms of postpartum haemorrhage, and the need for therapeutic oxytocics, but without sufficient information about other outcomes and side-effects it is difficult to be confident about the trade-offs for these benefits, especially if the risk of manual removal of the placenta may be increased. There seems little evidence in favour of ergot alkaloids alone compared to either oxytocin alone, or to Syntometrine, but the data are sparse. More trials are needed in domiciliary deliveries in developing countries, which shoulder most of the burden of third stage complications.
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Starostin A, Staudenmaier HM, Allgower CE, Bekrenev V, Berger E, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Grosnick D, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Kycia T, Lolos G, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Manweiler B, Marusić A, McDonald S, Nefkens BM, Olmsted J, Papandreou Z, Peaslee D, Peterson RJ, Phaisangittisakul N, Prakhov S, Pulver M, Ramirez AF, Sadler M, Shafi A, Slaus I, Spinka H, Stanislaus S, Supek I, Tippens WB. Measurement of pi(0)pi(0) production in the nuclear medium by pi(-) interactions at 0.408 GeV/c. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 85:5539-5542. [PMID: 11136041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on an investigation of the (pi(-),pi(0)pi(0)) reaction by means of measurements of the pi(0)pi(0) invariant mass distributions from pi(-) interactions on H, D, C, Al, and Cu targets at p(pi(-)) = 0.408 GeV/c. The sharp, strong peak in the pi(+)pi(-) invariant mass near 2m(pi) reported by the CHAOS Collaboration is not seen in our pi(0)pi(0) data. However, we do observe a change in the shape of the pi(0)pi(0) invariant mass spectrum for the different targets, indicating that the pi(0)pi(0) interaction diminishes in the nuclear medium as represented by nuclei D, C, Al, and Cu, compared to hydrogen.
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McDonald S, Hoy W, Maguire G. Cardiovascular disease, renal disease and shared risk factors in a remote aboriginal community. Heart Lung Circ 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9506.2000.06826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang Z, Hoy W, McDonald S. Body mass index in aboriginal Australians in remote communities. Aust N Z J Public Health 2000; 24:570-5. [PMID: 11215003 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and estimate the prevalence of potential chronic energy deficiency (CED) and obesity in Aborigines in remote communities (ARC) in the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia. METHODS Centile charts were constructed for BMI from 1,631 sets of measurements from 1,138 Aborigines, aged five to 77 years, in three remote communities on the Tiwi Islands, using Cole's LMS method. These were compared with European, American white and American black reference charts. The prevalences of CED and obesity were also compared to the corresponding values from a national Indigenous sample. RESULTS The BMI centiles change with age. Compared with reference populations, BMIs are lower in ARC children and adult males. Young adult females have similar BMIs to American black and higher BMIs than American white and French counterparts up to 45 years. Aborigines older than 50 years are 'thinner'. Compared with a national sample of Indigenous Australians, our sample has a higher prevalence of CED and a lower prevalence of obesity. CONCLUSIONS The BMI centile curves describe the contemporary nutritional status in the remote communities. Nutritional status measured by BMI is different in ARC than in other populations. IMPLICATIONS The difference in nutritional status between ARC and other populations should be considered when planning nutritional intervention strategies. The centile charts will allow health workers to determine the relative ranking of BMI for individual Aborigines in the remote communities.
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Abstract
When nurses encounter misconduct in the workplace, their ethical codes of conduct bind them to the role of patient advocacy and compel them to safeguard the patient from harm. However, reporting misconduct can be personally and professionally risky. The aim of the research was to examine the professional consequences of whistleblowing and nonwhistleblowing in nursing. A descriptive survey design was used to examine the professional effect of reporting misconduct (whistleblowing) and not reporting misconduct (nonwhistleblowing). Ninety-five respondents were included in the study; 70 were self-identified as whistleblowers and 25 were self-identified as nonwhistleblowers. Results indicated that there were severe professional reprisals if the nurse reported misconduct, but there were few professional consequences if the nurse remained silent. Official reprisals included demotion (4%), reprimand (11%), and referral to a psychiatrist (9%). Whistleblowers also reported that they received professional reprisals in the form of threats (16%), rejection by peers (14%), pressure to resign (7%), and being treated as a traitor (14%). Ten per cent reported that they felt their career had been halted. These findings suggest that when nurses identify and report misconduct in the workplace, they may experience serious professional consequences.
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McDonald S. Exploring the cognitive basis of right-hemisphere pragmatic language disorders. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2000; 75:82-107. [PMID: 11023640 DOI: 10.1006/brln.2000.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable interest in the linguistic dimensions of right-hemisphere (RH) pragmatic language disorders, the cognitive bases for these are rarely examined. This study investigated two alternative explanations. First, RH pragmatic language disorders may reflect failure of the RH to synthesise incoming and preexisting information, verbal and visuospatial. In this case language and visuospatial performance should covary. Alternatively such disorders may reflect damage to executive control of all cognitive processing secondary to frontal system failure. In this case language and executive function would be associated. Further, in the former case, subjects should be insensitive to the plausibility of information, whereas in the latter they would be fixated by the literal meaning of information and therefore highly sensitive to plausibility. Eighteen patients with RH damage were compared to 20 matched controls on a range of language and neuropsychological tasks. Pragmatic performance was generally correlated to RH (visuospatial) function, not to executive function. Nonetheless RH patients were found to have problems ignoring plausibility. Thus the specific RH hypothesis described needs to be reconsidered.
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McDonald S, Hoy W, Maguire G. RENAL DISEASE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND SHARED RISK FACTORS IN A REMOTE ABORIGINAL COMMUNITY. Nephrology (Carlton) 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.abs124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McDonald S, Panagiotopoulos S, Smith T, Hoy W, Mathews J. ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE) POLYMORPHISMS AND RENAL DISEASE IN ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS. Nephrology (Carlton) 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.0abs9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McDonald S, Hoy. W. REPRODUCIBILITY OF MEASURES OF ALBUMINURIA IN REMOTE COMMUNITY SETTINGS. Nephrology (Carlton) 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.abs182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McDonald S, Rusnak C. Plastic bread-bag clips: the saga continues. CMAJ 2000; 163:16. [PMID: 10920724 PMCID: PMC1232544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Prakhov S, Tippens WB, Allgower C, Bekrenev V, Berger E, Briscoe WJ, Clajus M, Comfort JR, Craig K, Grosnick D, Huber GM, Isenhower D, Knecht N, Koetke D, Koulbardis A, Kozlenko N, Kruglov S, Kycia T, Lolos GJ, Lopatin I, Manley DM, Marusic A, Manweiler R, McDonald S, Nefkens BM, Olmsted J. Search for the CP forbidden decay eta-->4pi(0). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:4802-4805. [PMID: 10990802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first determination of the upper limit for the branching ratio of the CP forbidden decay eta-->4pi(0). No events were observed in a sample of 3.0x10(7) eta decays. The experiment was performed with the Crystal Ball multiphoton spectrometer installed in a separated pi(-) beam at the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron). At the 90% confidence limit, B(eta-->4pi(0))</=6. 9x10(-7).
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Abstract
AIMS To compare the cognitive performance of methadone maintenance patients (MMPs) and a matched sample of non-heroin-using control subjects, and to ascertain risk factors for poorer cognitive performance. DESIGN Matched control study. SETTING Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Thirty MMPs and 30 non-heroin using controls, matched for age, gender and education. FINDINGS The MMP group had significantly higher rates than controls of alcohol dependence, heroin overdose and head injury. There was no difference between the groups on pre-morbid functioning. The MMP group performed significantly poorer than controls on all of the neuropsychological domains measured: information processing, attention, short-term visual memory, delayed visual memory, short-term verbal memory, long-term verbal memory and problem solving. A life-time diagnosis of alcohol dependence and the number of non-fatal heroin overdoses were independent significant predictors of poorer cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS In addition to high rates of psychiatric morbidity, MMPs also show cognitive deficits compared to matched controls. A history of alcohol dependence and repeated exposure to overdose increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment. The current study does not rule out the possibility of other factors, that were not measured, that may contribute to cognitive impairment among this MMPs.
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McDonald S, Brive L, Agus DB, Scher HI, Ely KR. Ligand responsiveness in human prostate cancer: structural analysis of mutant androgen receptors from LNCaP and CWR22 tumors. Cancer Res 2000; 60:2317-22. [PMID: 10811100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptors (ARs) belong to the family of hormone receptors that are ligand-dependent transcription factors. Endocrine therapy provides effective treatment for prostate cancer until mutations arise that alter the ligand responsiveness of AR. In this study, structural models were developed for the functional domains of human AR by homology modeling from crystal structures of closely related nuclear receptors. These models were used to locate the sites of two frequently occurring mutations in prostate cancer. The substitutions that develop in LNCaP (threonine-->alanine at residue 877) and CWR22 (histidine-->tyrosine at residue 874) tumor cell lines are both located on helix 11 that forms part of the ligand-binding pocket. However, the results suggest that these mutations influence ligand responsiveness by completely different mechanisms. Residue 877 contacts the ligand directly, and substitution at this site alters the stereochemistry of the binding pocket. Thus, the LNCaP mutation apparently broadens the specificity of ligand recognition. In contrast, residue 874 is located down the helical axis, projects away from the ligand pocket, and does not contact ligand. The side chain of residue 874 lies in a cavity between helices 11 and 12. Substitution of tyrosine for histidine 874 in CWR22 tumors may affect a conformational change of helix 12 and, thus, influence binding of coactivator proteins and their regulatory effect on transcriptional activation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Humans
- Ligands
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/chemistry
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/chemistry
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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