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Ravandi F, Jilani I, Estey E, Kantarjian H, Dey A, Aguilar C, Jitkaroon C, Giles F, O'Brien S, Keating M, Albitar M. Soluble phosphorylated fms-like tyrosine kinase III. FLT3 protein in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leuk Res 2006; 31:791-7. [PMID: 17156841 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
FLT3 ligand (FL) has a significant role in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the FLT3 receptor gene have been reported in 30% of patients with AML. We investigated whether abnormal phosphorylation of FLT3 may be more common in AML. We evaluated FLT3 protein and its phosphorylation in the plasma from 85 patients with AML, 16 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There were no significant differences in the level of plasma FLT3 protein level in the different diseases (p=0.57). AML patients had a significantly higher level of phospho-FLT3:FLT3 ratio (p=0.02). FLT3-ITD and FLT3 point mutations were present in 27 (32%) of the AML patients. Phosphorylated FLT3 was significantly higher in the plasma from patients with FLT3 mutation (p=0.002). Overall, there was no correlation between survival and the plasma level of FLT3 protein or its phosphorylated form. However, amongst the patients without FLT3 mutations, those with a higher level of phosphorylated FLT3 had a significantly shorter duration of remission (p=0.04). Other mechanisms may be responsible for abnormal phosphorylation of FLT3 and inhibitors of FLT3 should also be investigated in patients without mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Phosphorylation
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/blood
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/mortality
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/genetics
- Remission Induction
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/blood
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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127
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Ma W, Jilani I, Gorre M, Keating M, Chan H, Tseng R, Kantarjian H, O'Brien S, Giles FJ, Albitar M. Plasma as a source of mRNA for determining IgV(H) mutation status in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2006; 133:690-2. [PMID: 16704448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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128
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Ma W, Kantarjian H, Verstovsek S, Jilani I, Gorre M, Giles F, Cortes J, O'Brien S, Keating M, Albitar M. Hemizygous/homozygous and heterozygous JAK2 mutation detected in plasma of patients with myeloproliferative diseases: correlation with clinical behaviour. Br J Haematol 2006; 134:341-3. [PMID: 16787500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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129
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Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, Jones D, Talpaz M, Bekele N, O'Brien S, Zhou X, Luthra R, Garcia-Manero G, Giles F, Rios MB, Verstovsek S, Cortes J. Frequency and clinical significance of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate. Leukemia 2006; 20:1767-73. [PMID: 16855631 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the BCR-ABL kinase domain are a common mechanism of resistance to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia. We screened for mutations 171 patients failing imatinib therapy. Sixty-six mutations in 23 amino acids were identified in 62 (36%) patients not responding to imatinib. Phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) mutations were the most frequent (n=24; 36%). By multivariate analysis, factors associated with development of mutations were older age (P=0.026) prior interferon therapy (P=0.026), and accelerated phase or blast phase at time of imatinib failure (P=0.001). After a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 4-68 months) from the start of imatinib therapy, seven patients with non-P-loop and two with P-loop mutation died. By multivariate analysis, development of clonal evolution and higher percentage of peripheral blood basophils were associated with worse survival from the time of imatinib failure. Mutation status had no impact on survival. When survival was measured from the time therapy started, non-P-loop mutations together with duration of response and transformation at the time of failure to imatinib were associated with shorter survival. In conclusion, P-loop mutations were not associated with poor outcome, suggesting that the prognosis of patients who fail imatinib is multifactorial.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Basophils/pathology
- Benzamides
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Point Mutation
- Prognosis
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Survival Rate
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130
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Burns T, Christova L, Cooper S, Harrison G, McKendrick J, Laugharne R, Obuaya T, McCreadie R, O'Brien S, Perrington S, Stephenson D. Maintenance antipsychotic medication patterns in outpatient schizophrenia patients: a naturalistic cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113:126-34. [PMID: 16423164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Newer antipsychotics are increasingly used in schizophrenia maintenance. The UK change has been slow with little known on switching patterns. We aimed to investigate antipsychotic prescribing patterns in schizophrenia patients. METHOD A naturalistic six-site cohort sample of 600 patients were interviewed by researchers at 6-monthly intervals for 2 years to record their clinical and social functioning; use of services and medication for the preceding 6 months was obtained by structured extraction from clinical case notes. RESULTS Alterations in antipsychotic medication were frequent in this group, mainly during periods of inpatient care. Atypical prescribing increased steadily, though slowly, across the period. Polypharmacy was less than anticipated. CONCLUSION Inpatient care remains the main forum for switching of antipsychotics. The UK maintains a slow shift to atypical antipsychotics.
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131
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Cooper DL, Verlander NQ, Smith GE, Charlett A, Gerard E, Willocks L, O'Brien S. Can syndromic surveillance data detect local outbreaks of communicable disease? A model using a historical cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 134:13-20. [PMID: 16409646 PMCID: PMC2870367 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268805004802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A national UK surveillance system currently uses data from a health helpline (NHS Direct) in an attempt to provide early warning of a bio-terrorist attack, or an outbreak caused by a more common infection. To test this syndromic surveillance system we superimposed data from a historical outbreak of cryptosporidiosis onto a statistical model of NHS Direct call data. We modelled whether calls about diarrhoea (a proxy for cryptosporidiosis) exceeded a statistical threshold, thus alerting the surveillance team to the outbreak. On the date that the public health team were first notified of the outbreak our model predicted a 4% chance of detection when we assumed that one-twentieth of cryptosporidiosis cases telephoned the helpline. This rose to a 72% chance when we assumed nine-tenths of cases telephoned. The NHS Direct surveillance system is currently unlikely to detect an event similar to the cryptosporidiosis outbreak used here and may be most suited to detecting more widespread rises in syndromes in the community, as previously demonstrated. However, the expected rise in NHS Direct call rates, should improve early warning of outbreaks using call data.
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132
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O'Brien S, Edwards C, Raven N, Sutton M. P.148 Development of a novel immunoassay for ultra-sensitive oral diagnosis of hepatitis C virus. J Clin Virol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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133
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Pooler Archbold HA, Mohammed M, O'Brien S, Molloy D, McConway J, Beverland DE. Limb length restoration during total hip arthroplasty: use of a caliper to control femoral component insertion and accurate acetabular placement relative to the transverse acetabular ligament. Hip Int 2006; 16:33-8. [PMID: 19219775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for restoring or preserving limb length following total hip arthroplasty largely depend on restoring the distance between a fixed point on the pelvis and femur. Each of these techniques allows length correction to be made by combining the effects of both acetabular and femoral height into a single measurement. These methods help to minimise inequality but are anatomically flawed, as they do not allow independent control of placement of the femoral and acetabular components which both contribute to leg length. To address this we present and evaluate a technique that uses a caliper to control the vertical placement of the femoral component and the transverse acetabular ligament to control the vertical height of the acetabular component. Limb lengths were measured in 200 patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty using this technique. Using this method 94% had a postoperative limb length inequality that was 6mm or less (average, +0.38 mm). The maximum measured limb length inequality was +/-8 mm.
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134
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Meanhoudt M, Kocsis M, Stepanenko N, O'Brien S, Van Den Heuvel D, Vangoidsenhoven D, Gronheid R, Benndorf M, Nafus K, Fyen W, Kim HW, Kishimura S, Ronse K. Advances in Immersion Related Defectivity on XT:1250i at IMEC. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2006. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.19.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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135
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Renganathan R, O'Brien S, Sweeney B, Galvin R, McNamara B. Clinical neurophysiology referral patterns to a tertiary hospital--a prospective audit. Ir J Med Sci 2005; 173:211-4. [PMID: 16323616 DOI: 10.1007/bf02914553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cork University Hospital (CUH) provides a tertiary service for all neurophysiology referrals in the Southern Health Board region. AIM To ascertain the number, source, symptoms and diagnosis of neurophysiology referrals at CUH. METHODS We did a prospective audit of the referral patterns to the neurophysiology department over a 12 -week period. RESULTS Of 635 referrals, 254 had electromyograms (EMG), 359 had electro-encephalograms (EEG), 18 had visual evoked potentials (VEP), three had somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and one had multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). We analysed the demographic pattern, reason for referrals, the average waiting time for neurophysiology tests and the patterns of diagnosis in this audit. CONCLUSIONS Patients from County Cork are making more use of the neurophysiology services than patients from other counties within the Southern Health Board. The average waiting time for an EEG was 32 days and for an EMG was 74 days. However, more than 35% of those patients waiting for an EEG or an EMG had their tests done within four weeks of referral. The appointments of EEG and EMG were assigned on the basis of clinical need.
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136
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Allegretti F, O'Brien S, Polcik M, Sayago DI, Woodruff DP. Adsorption bond length for H2O on TiO2(110): a key parameter for theoretical understanding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:226104. [PMID: 16384241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.226104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction results show the adsorption site of molecular water on TiO2(110) to be atop under-coordinated surface Ti atoms, confirming the results of total energy calculations and STM imaging. However, the Ti-O(water) bond length is 2.21 +/- 0.02 A, much longer than Ti-O bond lengths in strongly chemisorbed species on this surface, but significantly shorter than found in most total energy calculations. The need for theory to describe this weak bond effectively may be a key factor in the controversial problem of understanding this important surface reaction system.
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137
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Brett MM, McLauchlin J, Harris A, O'Brien S, Black N, Forsyth RJ, Roberts D, Bolton FJ. A case of infant botulism with a possible link to infant formula milk powder: evidence for the presence of more than one strain of Clostridium botulinum in clinical specimens and food. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:769-776. [PMID: 16014431 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant botulism was confirmed in a 5-month-old female by both isolation of Clostridium botulinum type B and by detection of type B botulinum neurotoxin in rectal washout and faeces. DNA fingerprinting of nine isolates from faeces yielded two different amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns. C. botulinum was isolated from two of 14 food and drink items from the patient's home: C. botulinum type A was recovered from an opened container of dried rice pudding and C. botulinum type B from opened infant formula milk powder. Ten C. botulinum type B isolates from the opened infant formula yielded four AFLP patterns, two of which were indistinguishable from the clinical isolates. Fifteen unopened foods were tested and C. botulinum type B of a unique AFLP pattern was recovered from one unopened infant formula of the same batch as the opened container. It is suggested that multiple C. botulinum were present in both food and the intestine during infant botulism.
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138
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Nassar H, Paul M, Ahmad I, Berkovits D, Bettan M, Collon P, Dababneh S, Ghelberg S, Greene JP, Heger A, Heil M, Henderson DJ, Jiang CL, Käppeler F, Koivisto H, O'Brien S, Pardo RC, Patronis N, Pennington T, Plag R, Rehm KE, Reifarth R, Scott R, Sinha S, Tang X, Vondrasek R. Stellar (n,gamma) cross section of 62Ni. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:092504. [PMID: 15783960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.092504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 62Ni(n,gamma)63Ni(t(1/2)=100+/-2 yr) reaction plays an important role in the control of the flow path of the slow neutron-capture (s) nucleosynthesis process. We have measured for the first time the total cross section of this reaction for a quasi-Maxwellian (kT=25 keV) neutron flux. The measurement was performed by fast-neutron activation, combined with accelerator mass spectrometry to detect directly the 63Ni product nuclei. The experimental value of 28.4+/-2.8 mb, fairly consistent with a recent calculation, affects the calculated net yield of 62Ni itself and the whole distribution of nuclei with 62<A<90 produced by the weak s process in massive stars.
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139
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Safdar A, O'Brien S, Kouri IF. Efficacy and feasibility of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex therapy in caspofungin breakthrough pulmonary zygomycosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 34:467-8. [PMID: 15311221 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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140
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Hone J, Kim P, Huang XMH, Chandra B, Caldwell R, Small J, Hong BH, Someya T, Huang L, O'Brien S, Nuckolls CP. Growth of nanotubes and chemical sensor applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1117/12.571410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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141
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Abbondanno U, Aerts G, Alvarez-Velarde F, Alvarez-Pol H, Andriamonje S, Andrzejewski J, Badurek G, Baumann P, Becvár F, Benlliure J, Berthoumieux E, Calviño F, Cano-Ott D, Capote R, Cennini P, Chepel V, Chiaveri E, Colonna N, Cortes G, Cortina D, Couture A, Cox J, Dababneh S, Dahlfors M, David S, Dolfini R, Domingo-Pardo C, Duran I, Embid-Segura M, Ferrant L, Ferrari A, Ferreira-Marques R, Frais-Koelbl H, Furman W, Goncalves I, Gallino R, Gonzalez-Romero E, Goverdovski A, Gramegna F, Griesmayer E, Gunsing F, Haas B, Haight R, Heil M, Herrera-Martinez A, Isaev S, Jericha E, Käppeler F, Kadi Y, Karadimos D, Kerveno M, Ketlerov V, Koehler P, Konovalov V, Krticka M, Lamboudis C, Leeb H, Lindote A, Lopes I, Lozano M, Lukic S, Marganiec J, Marrone S, Martinez-Val J, Mastinu P, Mengoni A, Milazzo PM, Molina-Coballes A, Moreau C, Mosconi M, Neves F, Oberhummer H, O'Brien S, Pancin J, Papaevangelou T, Paradela C, Pavlik A, Pavlopoulos P, Perlado JM, Perrot L, Pignatari M, Plag R, Plompen A, Plukis A, Poch A, Policarpo A, Pretel C, Quesada J, Raman S, Rapp W, Rauscher T, Reifarth R, Rosetti M, Rubbia C, Rudolf G, Rullhusen P, Salgado J, Soares JC, Stephan C, Tagliente G, Tain J, Tassan-Got L, Tavora L, Terlizzi R, Vannini G, Vaz P, Ventura A, Villamarin D, Vincente MC, Vlachoudis V, Voss F, Wendler H, Wiescher M, Wisshak K. Neutron capture cross section measurement of 151Sm at the CERN neutron time of flight facility (n_TOF). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:161103. [PMID: 15524972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.161103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The151Sm(n,gamma)152Sm cross section has been measured at the spallation neutron facility n_TOF at CERN in the energy range from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The new facility combines excellent resolution in neutron time-of-flight, low repetition rates, and an unsurpassed instantaneous luminosity, resulting in rather favorable signal/background ratios. The 151Sm cross section is of importance for characterizing neutron capture nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars. At a thermal energy of kT=30 keV the Maxwellian averaged cross section of this unstable isotope (t(1/2)=93 yr) was determined to be 3100+/-160 mb, significantly larger than theoretical predictions.
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142
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Kantarjian HM, Cortes J, O'Brien S, Giles F, Verstovsek S, Faderl S, Rios MB, Shan J, Talpaz M. Long-term results of imatinib mesylate therapy in philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) post interferon-a (IFN) failure M.D. Anderson experience in 261 patients. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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143
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O'Brien S, Thomas D, Cortes J, Faderl S, Giles F, Pierce S, Shan J, Ferrajoli A, Keating M, Kantarjian H. Long-term follow-up results of hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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144
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Keating MJ, O'Brien S, Lerner S, Wierda W, Kantarjian H. Chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine (F), cyclophosphamide (C), and rituximab (R) improves complete response (CR), remission duration and survival as initial therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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145
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Tsimberidou AM, Tirado-Gomez M, Andreeff M, O'Brien S, Kantarjian HM, Keating MJ, Lopez-Berestein G, Estey E. Single agent liposomal-encapsulated (Lipo) all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can cure patients with untreated acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): An update and comparison with an ATRA+idarubicin induction regimen. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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146
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Ravandi-Kashani F, O'Brien S, Lerner S, Ferrajoli A, Wierda W, Giles F, Herling M, Jones D, Kantarjian H, Keating M. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: 17-year experience at a single institution. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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147
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Cabanillas ME, Mattiuzzi G, Thomas D, Vu K, Ossa G, Garcia-Manero G, Cortes J, Giles F, O'Brien S, Kantarjian H. Invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients (pts) receiving hyper-CVAD. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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148
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Osugi T, Ukena K, Bentley GE, O'Brien S, Moore IT, Wingfield JC, Tsutsui K. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in Gambel's white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii): cDNA identification, transcript localization and functional effects in laboratory and field experiments. J Endocrinol 2004; 182:33-42. [PMID: 15225129 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1820033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide control of gonadotropin secretion is primarily through the stimulatory action of the hypothalamic decapeptide, GnRH. We recently identified a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide with a C-terminal LeuPro-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 sequence in the domestic bird, Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). This novel peptide inhibited gonadotropin release in vitro from the quail anterior pituitary; thus it was named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). GnIH may be an important factor regulating reproductive activity not only in domesticated birds but also in wild, seasonally breeding birds. Thus, we tested synthetic quail GnIH in seasonally breeding wild bird species. In an in vivo experiment, chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I (cGnRH-I) alone or a cGnRH-I/quail GnIH cocktail was injected i.v. into non-breeding song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Quail GnIH rapidly (within 2 min) attenuated the GnRH-induced rise in plasma LH. Furthermore, we tested the effects of quail GnIH in castrated, photostimulated Gambel's white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii), using quail GnIH or saline for injection. Again, quail GnIH rapidly reduced plasma LH (within 3 min) compared with controls. To characterize fully the action of GnIH in wild birds, the identification of their endogenous GnIH is essential. Therefore, in the present study a cDNA encoding GnIH in the brain of Gambel's white-crowned sparrow was cloned by a combination of 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends and compared with the quail GnIH cDNA previously identified. The deduced sparrow GnIH precursor consisted of 173 amino acid residues, encoding one sparrow GnIH and two sparrow GnIH-related peptides (sparrow GnIH-RP-1 and GnIH-RP-2) that included Leu-Pro-Xaa-Arg-Phe-NH2 (Xaa=Leu or Gln) at their C-termini. All these peptide sequences were flanked by a glycine C-terminal amidation signal and a single basic amino acid on each end as an endoproteolytic site. Although the homology of sparrow and quail GnIH precursors was approximately 66%, the C-terminal structures of GnIH, GnIH-RP-1 and GnIH-RP-2 were all identical in two species. In situ hybridization revealed the cellular localization of sparrow GnIH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that sparrow GnIH-like immunoreactive cell bodies and terminals were localized in the PVN and median eminence respectively. Thus, only the sparrow PVN expresses GnIH, which appears to be a hypothalamic inhibitory factor for LH release, as evident from our field injections of GnIH into free-living breeding white-crowned sparrows. Sparrow GnIH rapidly (within 2 min) reduced plasma LH when injected into free-living Gambel's white-crowned sparrows on their breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Taken together, our results indicate that, despite amino acid sequence differences, quail GnIH and sparrow GnIH have similar inhibitory effects on the reproductive axis in wild sparrow species. Thus, GnIH appears to be a modulator of gonadotropin release.
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149
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Digiusto E, Shakeshaft A, Ritter A, O'Brien S, Mattick RP. Serious adverse events in the Australian National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD). Addiction 2004; 99:450-60. [PMID: 15049745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study estimated serious adverse event (SAE) rates among entrants to pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence, during treatment and after leaving treatment. DESIGN A longitudinal study based on data from 12 trials included in the Australian National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS A total of 1244 heroin users and methadone patients treated in hospital, community and GP settings. Intervention Six trials included detoxification; all included treatment with methadone, buprenorphine, levo-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM) or naltrexone. FINDINGS During 394 person-years of observation, 79 SAEs of 28 types were recorded. Naltrexone participants experienced 39 overdoses per 100 person-years after leaving treatment (44% occurred within 2 weeks after stopping naltrexone). This was eight times the rate recorded among participants who left agonist treatment. Rates of all other SAEs were similar during treatment versus out of treatment, for both naltrexone-treated and agonist-treated participants. Five deaths occurred, all among participants who had left treatment, at a rate of six per 100 person-years. Total SAE rates during naltrexone and agonist treatments were similar (20, 14 per 100 person-years, respectively). Total SAE and death rates observed among participants who had left treatment were three and 19 times the corresponding rates during treatment. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who leave pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence experience higher overdose and death rates compared with those in treatment. This may be due partly to a participant self-selection effect rather than entirely to pharmacotherapy being protective. Clinicians should alert naltrexone treatment patients in particular about heroin overdose risks. Duty of care may extend beyond cessation of dosing.
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O'Brien S, Gillespie IA, Charlett A, Adak GK, Threlfall EJ, Ward L. National case-control study of Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Type 14b infection in England and Wales implicates eggs used in the catering trade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.2807/esw.08.08.02388-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following an increase in detection of Salmonella Enteritidis Phage Type 14b in 2003 in England and Wales, analysis of the main exposure variables in an initial case-control study suggested that food consumed outside the home, and from specific types of catering establishments in particular, was the most likely source of infection.
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