Application of hydrotalcite in soil immobilization of iodate (IO3 -)

Radioactive iodine is quite mobile in soil and poses threats to human health and the ecosystem. Many materials, including layered double hydroxides (LDH), have been synthesized to successfully capture iodine from aqueous environments. However, limited information is available on the application of LDH in soil to immobilize iodine species. In the present study, the feasibility of using Mg-Al-NO3 LDH for retention of soil iodate (IO3 -) in both batch and column systems was analyzed. The 2 : 1 Mg-Al-NO3 LDH exhibited the greatest removal efficiency of IO3 - from aqueous solution, compared with 3 : 1 and 4 : 1 Mg-Al-NO3 LDH. The Mg2-Al-NO3 LDH demonstrated a strong affinity for IO3 -, with a high sorption capacity of 149 528 mg kg-1 and a Freundlich affinity constant K F of 21 380 L kg-1. The addition of Mg2-Al-NO3 LDH in soil resulted in significant retention of IO3 - in both the batch and column experiments. The affinity parameter K F of soil with the addition of 1.33% Mg2-Al-NO3 LDH was 136 L kg-1, which was 28.6 times higher than soil without LDH added. Moreover, the eluted iodate percentage was only 12.9% in the soil column with the 1.33% Mg2-Al-NO3 LDH addition, whereas almost 43.5% iodate was washed out in the soil column without LDH addition. The results suggested that Mg2-Al-NO3 LDH could effectively immobilize iodate in soil without obvious interference.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Cathinones in Human Urine by SPE-GC-MS

OBJECTIVES

To propose an alternative solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （SPE-GC-MS） method for the sensitive determination of cathinones in human urine samples, plus methodological verification.

METHODS

Human urine samples were concentrated by solid phase extraction （SPE） sorbent and converted into the corresponding heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride derivatives. Methcathinone, 4-methyl methcathinone and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. With quantitative analysis by internal standard method, methodological verification was carried out from the aspects of specificity, precision and reco-very rate.

RESULTS

Methcathinone, 4-methyl methcathinone and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone showed good linearly in the range of 25-200 ng/mL of urine （r>0.99）, with the limits of detection 2.0 ng/mL, limit of quantitation 25.0 ng/mL, both intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation lower than 6.0%, and recovery rates of 98.4%-105.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

he proposed SPE-GC-MS procedure has good accuracy and specificity, can meet the need of qualitative and quantitative analysis of cathinones in the urine of drug abusers, and therefore provide technical support for the detection of cathinone abuse.

[Role of BoBs technology in early missed abortion chorionic villi]

Objective: To investigate the value of bacterial artificial chromosome-on-beads (BoBs) technology in the genetic analysis of early missed abortion chorionic villi. Methods: Early missed abortion chorionic villi were detected with both conventional karyotyping method and BoBs technology in Peking Union Medical Hospital from July 2014 to March 2015. Compared the results of BoBs with conventional karyotyping analysis to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of this new method. Results: (1) A total of 161 samples were tested successfully in the technology of BoBs, 131 samples were tested successfully in the method of conventional karyotyping. (2) All of the cases obtained from BoBs results in (2.7±0.6) days and obtained from conventional karyotyping results in (22.5±1.9) days. There was significant statistical difference between the two groups (t=123.315, P<0.01) . (3) Out of 161 cases tested in BoBs, 85 (52.8%, 85/161) cases had the abnormal chromosomes, including 79 cases chromosome number abnormality, 4 cases were chromosome segment deletion, 2 cases mosaic. Out of 131 cases tested successfully in conventional karyotyping, 79 (60.3%, 79/131) cases had the abnormal chromosomes including 62 cases chromosome number abnormality, 17 cases other chromosome number abnormality, and the rate of chromosome abnormality between two methods was no significant differences (P=0.198) . (4) Conventional karyotyping results were served as the gold standard, the accuracy of BoBs for abnormal chromosomes was 82.4% (108/131) , analysed the normal chromosomes (52 cases) and chromosome number abnormality (62 cases) tested in conventional karyotyping, the accuracy of BoBs for chromosome number abnormality was 94.7% (108/114) . Conclusion: BoBs is a rapid reliable and easily operated method to test early missed abortion chorionic villi chromosomal abnormalities.

[Effect of psychological nursing based on relaxation training for the psychological state in patients with impacted third molar removal surgery]

Objective: To discuss the effect of psychological nursing based on relaxation training for the psychological state in patients with impatced third molar removal surgery. Methods: A total of one hundred patients with impacted third molar removal surgery were selected from June 2015 to June 2017 in People's Liberation Army No. 105 hospital. According to the nursing method, all patients were divided into psychological intervention group and the control group, 50 cases in each group, the control group was given routine nursing intervention and the psychological intervention group was given psychological nursing intervention based on relaxation training. Results: The after intervention Corah's modified dental anxiety scale (6.3±1.2), Stouthard dental fear scale (62.9±6.5) scores and heart rate [(76.4±5.2) bpm], systolic blood pressure [(102.5±6.3) mmHg], diastolic blood pressure [(75.3±3.1) mmHg] levels of psychological group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The once removal success rate, intraoperative relaxation sense rate of psychological group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the teeth extraction time of psychological group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.013, P=0.003). Conclusions: Psychological nursing intervention based on relaxation training can effectively improve the mental state and stress state of patients with impacted third molar removal surgery, which is beneficial to the process of the surgery.

[Staged transcranial and transsphenoidal surgery for giant pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study of 21 cases]

Objective: To investigate the effect of the second-stage transcranial and transsphenoidal approach for giant pituitary tumors. Methods: A retrospective review of 21 patients, who had undergone the transcranial surgery and then transsphenoidal surgery for giant pituitary adenomas from 2012 to 2015 in the neurosurgery department of West China Hospital, was performed. Visual findings, endocrine presentation, complications, and tumor types were collected. All data were based on clinical feature, MRI, and follow-up. Results: Among the 21 cases, gross total resection of tumor was achieved in 7 of all patients, subtotal in 11, and partial in 3. No intracranial hemorrhage or death occurred postoperatively. Postoperative infectionoccurred in one patient and cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 3 patients. Four patients recovered after treatment. Conclusion: According to the clinical feature and MRI, it is safe and effective to choose the transcranial surgery and then transsphenoidal surgery for specific giant pituitary adenomas, which can improve treatment effects and reduce postoperative complications.

[Spectrum of mutations in benign familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy]

Objective: To investigate the spectrum of mutations in families with benign familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy (BFNIE) . Methods: Clinical data and peripheral blood DNA samples of all BFNIE probands and their family members were collected from Peking University First Hospital between December 2012 and April 2016. Clinical phenotypes of affected members were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples with standard protoco1. Mutations in PRRT2 were screened using Sanger sequencing. For families that PRRT2 mutations were not detected by Sanger sequencing, candidate gene mutations were further screened by next-generation sequencing for epilepsy. Results: A total of 7 families were collected. Of the 30 affected members, 15 were male and 15 were female. The age of epilepsy onset was from 2 days to 6 months. Genetic testing led to the identification of gene mutations in all families. One family had the PRRT2 hotspot mutation (c.649dupC). Three families had missense SCN2A mutations (c.2674G>A/p.V892I, c.2872A>G/p.M958V, and c.2627A>G/p.N876S) . Both c.2872A>G/p.M958V and c.2627A>G/p.N876S were novel SCN2A mutations. Three families had KCNQ2 mutations. Two of them had missense mutations (c.958G>A/p.V320I and c.998G>A/p.R333Q) . The KCNQ2 mutation c.958G>A/p.V320I was novel. One family had a gene deletion of KCNQ2, which also extended to the adjacent gene, CHRNA4; and the deletion involved all the exons of KCNQ2 and CHRNA4. Conclusions: Mutations in KCNQ2, SCN2A, and PRRT2 are genetic causes of BFNIE in Chinese families. The detection rate for gene mutations is high in BFNIE families. KCNQ2 and SCN2A mutations are common in BFNIE families. SCN2A mutations (c.2872A>G/p.M958V and c.2627A>G/p.N876S) and KCNQ2 mutation (c.958G>A/p.V320I) are novel mutations.

[Application of scalp-recorded high-frequency oscillations in epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the clinical significance of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in patients with epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-wave during sleep (CSWS).

METHODS

Twenty-one CSWS patients treated for epilepsy from January 2006 to December 2016 in Pediatric Department of Peking University First Hospital were enrolled into the study. Selected clinical variables including gender, age parameters, seizure frequencies and antiepileptic drugs were compared between (a). HFO-positive group and HFO-negative group before methylprednisolone treatment and (b). excellent seizure outcome group and not-excellent seizure outcome group after methylprednisolone treatment. Interictal HFOs and spikes in pre- and post-methylprednisolone scalp EEG were measured and analyzed.

RESULTS

Before methylprednisolone treatment, there were 12 of 21 (57%) CSWS patients had HFOs, with a mean value 43.17 per 60 s per patient. The 12 patients with HFOs tended to have more frequent epileptic negative myoclonus/atonic/myoclonus/atypical absences than those without HFOs in a month before methylprednisolone treatment. A total of 518 HFOs and 22 592 spikes were found in the pre-methylprednisolone EEG data of 21 patients, and 441 HFOs (86%) were associated with spikes. The highest amplitudes of HFOs were significantly positively correlated with that of spikes (r=0.279, P<0.001). Rates reduced by methylprednisolone treatment were statistically significant for both HFOs (P=0.002) and spikes (P=0.006). The percentage of reduction was 91% (473/518) and 39% (8 905/22 592) for spikes and HFOs, respectively. The percentage of spike and HFOs changes was respectively 100% decrease and 47% decrease in the excellent seizure outcome group, and they were 79% decrease and 18% increase in the not-excellent seizure outcome group.

CONCLUSION

Prevalence of HFOs might reflect some aspect of epileptic activity. HFOs were more sensitive to methylprednisolone treatment than spikes and had a good correlation with the prognosis of seizures, and HFOs could be applied to assess epilepsy severity and antiepileptic therapy.

[Risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men in a cohort study]

Objectives: To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection. Results: A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015. Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms. HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years, with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group. Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.17), unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.62-3.08), and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections. After controlling other factors, the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive, suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.

Effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on lipid profile in male adults in northwest rural China

OBJECTIVES

To determine the individual and combined influences of smoking and alcohol consumption on lipid profile in male adults in northwest rural China.

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

METHODS

In total, 4614 subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study, performed between 2008 and 2012. The present study examined males aged ≥18 years from northwest rural China (n = 707). Data on current smoking and drinking status were collected. Logistic regression was used to estimate the individual and combined influences of smoking and alcohol consumption on lipid profile. Age, ethnic group, educational background, smoking (or alcohol consumption), waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were adjusted as confounders.

RESULTS

Total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, whereas HDL-C was lower in smokers. TG/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TG, lipid accumulation product and VAI were significantly higher in drinkers than non-drinkers. After adjustment for confounders, significant relationships were observed between smoking status and any dyslipidemia, low HDL-C and high VAI (odds ratios [ORs]: 2.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.25-5.15], 6.13 [95% CI: 2.84-13.25] and 4.39 [95% CI: 2.02-9.54], respectively). The OR for any dyslipidaemia was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.09-3.48) for subjects who smoke and drank alcohol compared with subjects who did not smoke or drink alcohol.

CONCLUSIONS

Abnormalities in lipid profile are correlated with smoking and alcohol consumption, which calls for intervention strategies to prevent dyslipidaemia and control risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

[Expressions and clinical significances of paired box gene 2 and cyclin D1 in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma]

Objective: To investigate the expressions and clinical significances of paired box gene 2 (Pax2) and cyclin D1 protein in advanced ovarian serous carcinoma. Methods: From January 2003 to December 2013, the pathologic tissues of 202 patients with advanced ovarian serous cancer (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) who underwent initial cytoreductive surgery were collected. The expressions of Pax2 and cyclin D1 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray. The relationships of their expressions with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. Results: The positive rate of Pax2 protein expression of the 202 patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma was 24.8% (50/202) and that of cyclin D1 was 25.2% (51/202). The expressions of Pax2 and cyclin D1 were not significantly related with age, clinical stage and pathological grade of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma patients (P>0.05). The median overall survival (OS) time of Pax2-negative patients was 53 months and the progression-free survival (PFS) time was 29 months. The median OS time of Pax2-positive patients was 66 months and PFS time was 33 months, the OS of Pax2-negative patients was significant different from that of Pax2-positive patients (χ(2)=4.06, P=0.04). The median PFS time of Pax2-negative patients was not significant different from that of Pax2-positive patients (χ(2)=2.43, P=0.11). The median OS time of cyclin D1-negative patients was 62 months and PFS time was 30 months. The median OS time of cyclin D1-positive patients was 48 months and PFS time was 22 months. The median OS time of cyclin D1-negative patients was significantly different from that of cyclin D1-positive patients (χ(2)=4.71, P=0.03), while the median PFS time of cyclin D1-negative patients was marginally different from that of cyclin D1-positive patients (χ(2)=0.59, P=0.41). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of Pax2 was an independent factor of the prognosis for patients with ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (RR=0.597, 95% CI 0.371-0.962, P<0.034). Conclusion: The expressions of Pax2 and cyclin D1 are associated with the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian serous adenocarcinoma while Pax2 is an independent prognostic factor.

[Comparison between continuous noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring and venous blood hemoglobin monitoring in children with kidney disease]

OBJECTIVE

To assess the correlation and consistency between continuous noninvasive hemoglobin detection and venous blood hemoglobin detection in children with kidney disease, and try to analyze the affecting factors. Try to provide a reference for the monitoring of hemoglobin in children with kidney disease by continuous noninvasive hemoglobin detection technique.

METHODS

Eighty-five inpatient children with kidney disease, 50 boys (58.8%) and 35 girls (41.2%), aged from 3 years old to 18 years old (9.35±4.29) were included finally. Noninvasive hemoglobin monitoring by spectrophotometry (SpHb) was stably read by PRONTO-7, selecting the ring finger of the non handedness as the detection site. And then the venous blood hemoglobin of the same patient was collected in 5 minutes as the true hemoglobin (tHb) by Beckman coulter DXH-800. The data of SpHb and tHb were compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and MedCalc.

RESULTS

Correlation analysis showed data of SpHb and tHb were with significant correlation, the correlation coefficient between SpHb and tHb was 0.85 (P<0.05). Bland-Altman plot points suggested that the mean of differences between SpHb and tHb was -1.3 g/dL. The 95% CI of agreement of SpHb-tHb was -4.2-1.5 g/dL, suggesting that the average measurement result of SpHb was lower than that of tHb. The mean of differences as percent between SpHb and tHb was -9.8%, 95% CI of agreement was (-35.9%, 16.2%) exceeding the acceptable range of true value ±6%. The consistent rate of non-invasive hemoglobin detection and venous blood hemoglobin detection was 31.8%, the 95% CI of consistent rate was (21.7%, 41.9%). The chi square test of the fourfold table showed that the diagnosis of anemia with SpHb was of high sensitivity, but the specificity was low, the false positive rate was high, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000).

CONCLUSION

There was a significant correlation between SpHb and tHb in the children with kidney disease. Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement can be used for monitoring of changes of hemoglobin in children with kidney diseases. But the consistency between SpHb and tHb needs to be improved. Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement could not replace the venous hemoglobin measurement. It could not be used for the diagnosis of anemia, and the accuracy of hemoglobin concentration measurement in children with kidney disease should be further explored.

[Cause analysis of spinal surgery in ankylosing spondylitis]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the common cause of spinal surgery in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to develop reasonable and effective treatment programs for rhematologists.

METHODS

In this study, 79 AS patients (72 males, 7 females) hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic and received spinal surgery in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2007 to July 2013 were investigated retrospectively. The causes of the spinal surgery were analyzed.

RESULTS

The majority of the surgery were of cervical vertebra surgery for 59 cases (74.7%), followed by the thoracolumbar vertebra, thoracic vertebra, cervicothoracic vertebra, and lumbar vertebra. The common causes of AS spinal surgery were instability (53.2%) including fracture and dislocation caused by trauma mostly, followed by compression symptoms (34.1%). However, the orthopaedic surgery (12.7%) was not the predominant surgery causes. The most common cause of cervical surgery was cervical spondylosis (25 cases), followed by cervical fracture (22 cases) and cervical dislocation (10 cases). For cervical fracture, the most common site was C7 (8 cases). Atlanto-axial vertebral lesions (13 cases) induced by dislocation, subluxation, instability and fracture were common in cervical vertebra surgery. The age and disease duration of atlantoaxial surgical patient's were less than other parts of the cervical surgery. Thoracolumbar vertebra surgery included thoracolumbar kyphosis orthopaedic surgery (10 cases), and fractures (6 cases), which mainly occurred in T11-12 vertebrae. According to the time of admission for surgery, the cases of AS that received spinal surgery were 34 from 2007 to 2008. The number of the cases that accepted the surgery decreased gradually year by year.

CONCLUSION

The majority surgery section was cervical vertebra, and atlanto-axial vertebral lesions were not rare as we thought. The main etiology of spinal surgery for AS patients was instability, e.g. fracture and compression symptoms. Of course, trauma accounted for the relative percentage of this phetonomenon. Although, the annual number of patients who receives spinal surgery is decreasing, to go to make early diagnosis and treatment, and to standardize patient education for AS patients are still important.

[Clinical characteristics of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the clinical features and side effects, with regard to glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension, glaucoma or cataract in children with primary nephrotic syndrome.

METHODS

Clinical data were collected and analyzed from 71 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome with glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension, glaucoma or cataract from Jun. 2014 to Jun. 2016. These children were hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital.

RESULTS

Totally 1 580 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were collected, glucocorticoid-induced complications in eyes were found in 71 cases, and the incidence was 4.5%. There were 66 cases with ocular hypertension, 2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma, 2 cases with glucocorticoid glaucoma combined with cataract, 1 case with high intraocular pressure combined with cataract. There were 41 boys and 30 girls with eye-related side effects caused by glucocorticoid. The average age of onset of glucocorticoid-induced eye adverse reactions in children with primary nephrotic syndrome in our research were 8 (2, 16) years. The average duration or interval time from glucocorticoid medication use to eye adverse effects was 157 (6, 420) days. No statistical significance was found in intraocular pressure between different genders, types of glucocorticoid, different route of glucocorticoid and whether methylprednisolone pulse treatment (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between age, body mass index, blood pressure, cumulative dosage, duration time of glucocorticoid, mean daily dosage and glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension (P>0.05). The ocular hypertension was controlled after treatment.

CONCLUSION

Children with nephrotic syndrome after treatment of glucocorticoid are susceptible to ocular complications, and the occurrence of ocular hypertension is closely related to glucocorticoid susceptibility of the nephrotic children. Regular eye monitor is indispensable for the children suffering from primary nephrotic syndrome.

[Quality of case report of Japanese Encephalitis after the establishment of surveillance on acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome in Baoji]

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) case reports based on the establishment of surveillance on acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Baoji. Methods: A surveillance network on AMES cases was set up in Baoji city of Shaanxi province between July 2013 and December 2016. All the cases met the surveillance definition of AMES cases were conducted a questionnaire, collected serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens to test JE immunoglobulin M antibodies by using enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay methods.The information of the incidence of JE in Shaanxi and Baoji from 2009 to 2016 originated from the China information system for disease control and prevention. Chi square test was used to compare the difference in JE incidence in Baoji, Shaanxi before and after the implementation of AMES monitoring project. Results: 75 out of 855 collected cases were laboratory confirmed as JE, Including 42 suspected JE cases and 33 other suspected cases diagnosed after hospitalization. Except 1 case occurring in December, all the other cases occurred between July and October, especially in August with a peak of 55 cases (73.3%), and 6 cases (8.0%) in July, 11 cases (14.7%) in September, 2 cases (2.7%) in October. The proportion of patients aging 0-6, 7-14 and ≥15 years old were respectively 4.0% (3 cases), 8.0% (6 cases) and 88.0% (66 cases). The biochemical test showed the cerebrospinal fluid in 13 cases (17.3%) were slightly turbid, the white blood cell in 31 cases (41.3%) elevated, the glucose levels in 24 cases (32.0%) were abnormal, and the chloride level in 23 cases (30.7%) were abnormal. A total of 103 cases of JE were diagnosed in Baoji from 2009 to 2016, with an average annual incidence rate at 0.34/100 000. The average incidence of JE in 2009-2012 and 2013-2016 was 0.21/100 000 and 0.48/100 000 respectively. From 2013 to 2016, the proportion of JE cases in Baoji, Shaanxi was 19.3% (71/369), and it was 8.9% (32/362) between 2009 and 2012 (χ(2)=4.15, P=0.040). Conclusion: The AMES surveillance project improved the quality of the JE case report in Baoji. Changes appeared in biochemistrical and epidemiological characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid. The incidence of JE was seriously underestimated in Shaanxi province and therefore the sensitivity of Japanese encephalitis surveillance cases should be further improved.

[Interaction between family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia on risk of diabetes in population with normotension in Harbin: a cross-sectional study]

Objective: To explore the interaction between family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia on the risk of diabetes in population with normotension. Methods: A multistage stratified probability random sampling was conducted to select a representative sample of urban residents aged 20-74 years in Harbin. A total of 376 diabetes patients with normotension and 3 692 residents with normal blood pressure, normal fasting glucose, and normal 2 hours glucose from OGTT were surveyed. The interaction was evaluated by using crossover analysis and additive model. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was a possible additive interaction between family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia on the risk of diabetes. The relative excess risk due to the interaction, the attributable proportion due to the interaction, and the synergy index were 1.97 (95%CI:-0.32-4.26), 0.30 (95%CI: 0.03-0.57), and 1.54 (95%CI: 0.96-2.47), respectively. There were significant combination effects between family history of diabetes and high both total cholesterol and triglyceride, isolated high total cholesterol, and isolated high triglyceride levels; the ORs were 10.55 (95%CI: 5.62-19.80), 7.81 (95%CI: 3.65-16.71) and 5.13 (95%CI: 3.22-8.16), respectively. Conclusion: There might be synergistic effect between family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia on the risk of diabetes in population with normotension.

[Refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: clinical analysis of 10 cases]

Objective: To analyze the clinical value of sirolimus plus prednisone for the treatment of the refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(RKHE) and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome(KMS). Method: Clinical retrospective analysis was carried out for 10 patients recruited in Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Paediatrics from January 2014 to January 2017 who were non responders to or relapsers after the treatment of propranolol, prednisone, pingyangmycin and lauromacrogol(5 cases RKHE, 5 cases RKHE plus KMS, age ranged from 6 days to 9 years); patients were treated with sirolimus at the dosage of 0.035 ml/(kg·d), once a day, for 6-410 days; the diagnosis of 10 patients were confirmed by pathological biopsy and immunohistochemical examination(IHC); the difference of the coagulation parameters and the platelet counts, the size of tumor and ecchymosis at different stages of treatment were recorded and measured by scale and ultrasonography; the side effects of sirolimus were recorded as well. Result: Clinical characteristics of 10 cases (6 male and 4 female) RKHE with KMS were refractory dark red hard hemangioma or ecchymosis, the platelet counts were lower than 30.0×10(9)/L, (15±7)×10(9)/L, coagulation tests were obviously abnormal, fibrinogens were significantly decreased(0.8±0.5)g/L, the fibrin lysates and D-dimer were significantly increased(100±23)mg/L, (10 000±2 200)ng/L, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged(25.0±2.1)s, (58.0±3.4)s. The pathologic characteristics of the tumors were similar: spindle tumor cells, mass distribution and deeply stained nuclei tumor cells. IHC revealed positive staining for D2-40, CD31 and CD34. Stainings for factor Ⅷ and GLUT-1 were negative. In five cases RKHE plus KMS were treated with sirolimus and prednisone, after (6.5±0.7) days treatment, the platelet counts were obviously increased(72.0±0.6)×10(9)/L, coagulation parameters were obviously improved, fibrinogen significantly increased(1.5±0.2)g/L, the fibrinlysates and D-dimer significantly decreased(7±3)mg/L, (2 300±200)ng/L, the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were prolonged(15±2.3)s, (42±3.4) s, and the sizes of tumor and ecchymosis were slightly shrunken 18%±3%, 38%±5%; after (30±5.7) days treatment, the platelet counts and coagulation parameters returned to normal(146±36)×10(9)/L, and the size of tumor and ecchymosis were obviously shrunken 73%±3%, 97%±3%; after (3±0.4) months treatment, the tumor was obviously shrunken by 93%±2% and no longer palpable. In five cases with RKHE without KMS manifested stubborn dark red hard hemangiomatous plaques, coagulation tests and platelet were obviously normal, these patients were treated with sirolimus, after (2.0±0.6) months treatment, the tumor became shrunken 8%±3%, with continuous treatment the tumor shrunk gradually, after (4.0±3.2)months(2-18 mouths) the tumor was not eliminated 51%±7%. Conclusion: RKHE and KMS have typical clinical, laboratory and pathological characteristics, sirolimus plus prednisone have remarkable efficacy and minor side effects, it should be recommended for the treatment of KHE with KMS.

[Expression of CXCL16/CXCR6 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and its role in synoviocyte proliferation]

OBJECTIVE

It has been found that serum CXCL16 concentration in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are significantly higher than those in osteoarthritis (OA) and normal subjects, and are positively correlated with disease activity and bone erosion. However, how is CXCL16 involved in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear. To evaluate the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to explore the role of CXCL16 in the proliferation of RA-FLS.

METHODS

FLS were isolated from knee synovial tissues obtained from 8 patients of RA, 7 osteoarthritis (OA) and 3 normal controls. The diagnosis of RA was in line with the 1987 American Rheumatology Association (ACR) RA classification criteria, osteoarthritis met the 1996 ACR revised knee osteoarthritis classification criteria. Control synovium were obtained from trauma caused knee joint injury in healthy individuals who required surgery. Human knee FLS were cultured by tissue explants adherent method.FLS between passages 3 and 5 were used in the experiment. Expression of CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 were performed in Western blot analysis. FLS proliferation following stimulation with TNF-α and different concentrations of CXCL16 was examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Expression of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) in RA-FLS stimulated by CXCL16 was quantified by Western blot. Different concentrations of recombinant human CXCL16 were added to the culture medium of RA-FLS. After 48 h culture, supernantants were collected, and TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL and MMP3 in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) operated following the kit instructions.

RESULTS

Expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 in RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of OA and controls (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between OA-FLS and control FLS. Proliferation of RA-FLS was markedly up-regulated after stimulation of CXCL16 (P <0.05). In the case of the CXCL16 stimulated OA-FLS and control FLS, the FLS proliferation remained basically unchanged. Expression of phosphorylated AKT in RA-FLS increased remarkably in condition of CXCL16 (50,100, 200 μg/L) stimulation. The levels of IL-6 and RANKL in culture supernatants of RA-FLS were obviously increased under CXCL16 (200 μ g/L) stimulation, while TNF-α and MMP-3 levels in the culture supernatants remained unchanged after CXCL16 (200 μg/L) stimulation.

CONCLUSION

This study shows that the expression of CXCL16 and its receptor was highly elevated in RA-FLS. Recombinant CXCL16 promoted RA-FLS proliferation and activation in vitro. All these indicate that CXCL16 play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA, anti-CXCL16 treatment may help to relieve inflammation and bone damage of RA patients. However, due to the limitations of this study, the role of CXCL16 and its receptors in RA-FLS remains to be elucidated by further research.

Comparisons of magnetic charge and axial charge meson cloud distributions in the PCQM

The meson cloud distributions in r-space are extracted from the nucleon electromagnetic and axial form factors which are derived in the perturbative chiral quark model. The theoretical results indicate that the magnetic charge and axial charge distributions of the three-quark core have the similar distributions in r-space, the magnetic charge distributions of the meson cloud and three-quark core are more or less in the same region and peak at distances of around 0.4 fm, which is in good agreement with the finding of works in the framework of chiral perturbation theory, but the axial charge meson cloud distributes mainly inside the three-quark core.

[Clinical characteristics of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation]

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation(BPFM). Method: The clinical manifestations, imaging findings and treatment of 8 patients with BPFM were analyzed retrospectively from January 2006 to May 2016 in Beijing Children's Hospital. Result: The age of children varied from 2 months to 7 years and 3 children were male while 5 female. Symptoms showed cough in 6 cases, fever in 4 cases, bucking when intaking of fluids or foods in 3 cases, tachypnea in 1 case, wheezing in 1 case, vomiting in 1 case, haematemesis in 1 case Pulmonary signs were decreased breath sounds in 4 cases, phlegm rale in 3 cases, shortness of breath in 2 cases, wheeze in 1 case, and retraction in 1 case. The upper gastrointestinal series showed abnormal fistulous tracts arising from the esophagus or the gastric fundus and extending into the mass in the lung. CT showed pulmonary sequestration and prompted the tube between lung and esophagus. Six children underwent pneumonectomy and esophageal fistula repair. They were discharged and their symptoms were improved. Two cases of children were discharged from a hospital without surgery. Conclusion: Bronchopulmonary foregut malformation usually has its onset in early stage of life. The most common symptoms include recurrent pneumonia or bucking when intaking of fluids or foods. CT can demonstrate the bronchopulmonary sequestration and evaluate the communication with the gastrointestinal tract. The upper gastrointestinal series can demonstrate the abnormal tract directly. Pneumonectomy and esophageal fistula repair are the treatment of this disease.

[The effect of transforming growth factor β(1) in the transition of bone marrow-derived macrophages into myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis]

To study which subgroup of bone marrow derived cells formed myofibroblasts and the mechanism that transforming growth factor β(1)(TGFβ(1)) regulates the formation of bone marrow derived macrophages into myofibroblasts during renal fibrosis. Chimeric mice were generated by lethally irradiation of C57 mice followed by transfusion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled bone marrow cells. Complete marrow reconstitution was developed until 12 weeks after transplantation. The mice were randomly divided into Sham operation group, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) 3 days group, UUO5 days group, UUO7 days group and UUO7 with TGFβ(1) treatment group. Each group had four mice. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell components. Compared with Sham operation group the proportions of GFP(+) CD(14)(+)α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)(+) cells, GFP+ CD(44)(+)CD(105)(+)α-SMA(+) cells and GFP(+) F4/80(+) α-SMA(+) cells in each UUO group were progressively increased and the transformation rate in UUO7 day group was the highest. The GFP(+) F4/80(+) α-SMA(+) cells accounted for the largest population. TGFβ(1) promoted the transformation of bone marrow derived macrophages into myofibroblasts. Compared with Sham operation group or UUO7 day group, the proportion of GFP(+) F4/80(+) α-SMA(+) cells increased in UUO7 day TGFβ(1) treatment group. Compared with Sham operation group (or UUO7 days group) the protein expressions of F4/80, α-SMA, Collagen Ⅰ increased in UUO7 with TGFβ(1) group. Bone marrow derived macrophages are considered as the main type of myofibroblast precursors during the development of renal fibrosis. TGFβ(1) regulates the transformation of bone marrow-derived macrophages into myofibroblasts. This process contributes to progressive renal fibrosis and deterioration of renal function.