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Wang Y, Zhu N, Li Y, Lu R, Wang H, Liu G, Zou X, Xie Z, Tan W. Metagenomic analysis of viral genetic diversity in respiratory samples from children with severe acute respiratory infection in China. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:458.e1-9. [PMID: 26802214 PMCID: PMC7172101 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in children is thought to be mainly caused by infection with various viruses, some of which have been well characterized; however, analyses of respiratory tract viromes among children with SARI versus those without are limited. In this study, nasopharyngeal swabs from children with and without SARI (135 versus 15) were collected in China between 2008 and 2010 and subjected to multiplex metagenomic analyses using a next-generation sequencing platform. The results show that members of the Paramyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Anelloviridae and Adenoviridae families represented the most abundant species identified (>50% genome coverage) in the respiratory tracts of children with SARI. The viral population found in the respiratory tracts of children without SARI was less diverse and mainly dominated by the Anelloviridae family with only a small proportion of common epidemic respiratory viruses. Several almost complete viral genomes were assembled, and the genetic diversity was determined among several samples based on next-generation sequencing. This research provides comprehensive mapping of the viromes of children with SARI and indicates high heterogeneity of known viruses present in the childhood respiratory tract, which may benefit the detection and prevention of respiratory disease.
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Plötz PA, Polyutov SP, Ivanov SD, Fennel F, Wolter S, Niehaus T, Xie Z, Lochbrunner S, Würthner F, Kühn O. Biphasic aggregation of a perylene bisimide dye identified by exciton-vibrational spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25110-25119. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The quantum efficiency of light emission supramolecular aggregates strongly depends on the intermolecular coupling. We present a molecule which demonstrates two different aggregated structures with high and low quantum efficiency. The spectral signatures can be understood by simulating the aggregated structures and the corresponding exciton-vibrational spectra.
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128
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Wang X, Wu Z, Xiang Q, Li Z, Zhang R, Chen J, Xia L, Lin S, Yu W, Ma Z, Xie Z, Jiang S. Characterization of the nuclear localization signals of duck circovirus replication proteins. Acta Virol 2015; 59:423-8. [PMID: 26666192 DOI: 10.4149/av_2015_04_423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Duck circovirus (DuCV) possess a circular, single-stranded DNA genome that requires the replication protein (Rep) for its replication. Based on the viral genotype, there are two categories of Rep proteins: Rep1 and Rep2. To characterize the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) conferring the nuclear localization of the Rep proteins, defined coding regions of the rep gene of two genotypes of DuCV were cloned and co-expressed with the red fluorescent protein DsRed2. The results showed that deleting the putative N-terminal NLS located at amino acid residues 10-37 of Rep1 and Rep2 abrogated nuclear translocation, while deleting the putative C-terminal NLS located at residues 244-274 of Rep1 did not significantly alter its subcellular localization, confirming that only the NLS located at residues 10-37 in the N-termini of the Rep proteins had nuclear targeting activity.
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Ahuja S, Mukund S, Deng L, Khakh K, Chang E, Ho H, Shriver S, Young C, Lin S, Johnson JP, Wu P, Li J, Coons M, Tam C, Brillantes B, Sampang H, Mortara K, Bowman KK, Clark KR, Estevez A, Xie Z, Verschoof H, Grimwood M, Dehnhardt C, Andrez JC, Focken T, Sutherlin DP, Safina BS, Starovasnik MA, Ortwine DF, Franke Y, Cohen CJ, Hackos DH, Koth CM, Payandeh J. Structural basis of Nav1.7 inhibition by an isoform-selective small-molecule antagonist. Science 2015; 350:aac5464. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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130
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Gao H, Chen Z, Li A, Yang J, Zhang X, Xie Z, Su J, Lin J, Li Y, Wu YL, Dong Z. 34P Predicting tissue c-Met status using plasma soluble c-Met levels in patients with advanced NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv518.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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131
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Li A, Niu Y, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhou Q, Su J, Xie Z, Lou NN, Wen-Zhao Z, Tu HY, Zhao N, Wu YL. 472P Predictive and prognostic value of de novo MET expression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv532.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li X, Lin M, Xie Z, Huang R, Chen AF, Jiang W. Establishing a low-expression renalase gene model in cardiac tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats. Herz 2015; 41:326-30. [PMID: 26612056 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-015-4370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renalase is a novel secretory amino oxidase expressed in the kidney and heart. To study the protective mechanism of renalase in local heart tissue, we established a low-expression renalase model with lentivirus (LV)-mediated RNA interference technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three renalase-targeting oligonucleotides were designed after analyzing the mRNA of renalase. LV particles were prepared with LV expression systems (using the Trono 3 plasmid component system), after which LV-RNLS-shRNAs and LV-NC-shRNA were transfected into H9C2 cells in different cell culture plates. The optimal oligonucleotide was screened by real-time PCR and Western blot. These techniques were also used to detect renalase gene expression in the heart tissue. RESULTS In the cell screening experiment, the efficacy of the inhibition of renalase mRNA expression was 93.7 % and that of renalase protein expression was 83.1 % in H9C2 cells. When the oligonucleotide was injected into the pericardial cavities of the SD rats on the 10th day, it inhibited 63.9 % of the expression of renalase protein in the heart tissue. CONCLUSION LV-RNLS-RNAi (19813-1) can be used to establish an optimal renalase low-expression model for further research on the renalase system.
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Zhang Z, Liu S, Xiong H, Jing X, Xie Z, Chen X, Huang Y. Electrospun PLA/MWCNTs composite nanofibers for combined chemo- and photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2015; 26:115-23. [PMID: 26260417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are effective thermal generators by absorbing near-infrared radiation (NIR). In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and doxorubicin (DOX) were successfully electrospun into the poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibers. It is confirmed that NIR radiation could not only initiate burst release of DOX from the fibers due to the relatively low glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLLA, but also significantly increase the temperature of fibers-covering tumor site. The multifunctional fibers showed increased cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo by the combination of photothermal induced hyperthermia and chemotherapy with DOX. This drug delivery system could be very useful and convenient in future clinical applications for localized cancer therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Combination of chemo- and photothermal therapy has been widely researched owing to its enhanced cancer treatment efficacy. In this study, chemotherapy and photothermal therapy were integrated into one single system using electrospun DOX/MWCNTs loaded PLLA nanofiber mats and the anti-cancer efficacy of the fibers was studied in vivo for the first time. The effective NIR irradiation control showed a typical switch on/off effect on the release behavior of drug. As local delivery system, the fibers maximize the drug concentration in tumor and keep the MWCNTs in the surroundings of tumor, thus allowing a repeated localized heating. The high porosity of nanofibers is easy for cell binding, which may present an attractive alternative for local hyperthermia treatment of easily metastasizing tumors.
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Zhang H, Lu H, Shrestha C, Feng Y, Li Y, Peng J, Li Y, Xie Z. In serum, higher parathyroid hormone but not lower vitamin D is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:e259-63. [PMID: 26300676 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D and calcium are known to regulate differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes; they might potentially have a role in suppressing carcinogenesis in squamous epithelium. Serum parathyroid hormone (pth) is a sensitive indicator of calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is an established marker of vitamin D status. METHODS To determine whether levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, or pth in serum are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), we examined those parameters in serum collected from 70 patients with oscc and from an equal number of matched control subjects. RESULTS The results showed that intact pth was significantly higher in serum from oscc patients than in serum from control subjects. However, we observed no significant differences in 25(OH)D or calcium in serum from oscc patients and from control subjects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that higher serum pth, but not lower serum vitamin D or calcium, is associated with oscc.
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Liu X, Li M, Su J, Xie Z, Yu G. The timing of acid-induced increase in saliva secretion in transplanted submandibular glands. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:1041-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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136
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Zhang L, Roling LT, Wang X, Vara M, Chi M, Liu J, Choi SI, Park J, Herron JA, Xie Z, Mavrikakis M, Xia Y. Platinum-based nanocages with subnanometer-thick walls and well-defined, controllable facets. Science 2015. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 735] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Conaghan P, Østergaard M, Bowes M, Wu C, Fuerst T, van der Heijde D, Hrycaj P, Xie Z, Zhang R, Wyman B, Bradley J, Soma K, Wilkinson B. SAT0222 Effects of Tofacitinib on MRI Endpoints in Methotrexate-Naive Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phase 2 MRI Study with Semi-Quantitative and Quantitative Endpoints. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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138
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Kwek SXR, Mian M, Hall C, Xie Z, Yong R, Kaidonis J, Townsend GC, Ranjitkar S. Nanoscratch testing for the assessment of enamel demineralization under conditions simulating wine erosion. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:12-7. [PMID: 25721274 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity are common problems affecting professional wine tasters. By using nanoscratch testing, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess enamel softening under conditions simulating 10 one-minute episodes of wine erosion. METHODS Ten enamel specimens were bathed in artificial saliva for 2 hours before being eroded for 10 episodes, with each episode comprising one minute of wine erosion followed by one minute of remineralization in artificial saliva. Nanoscratches were placed with a spherical tip (20 μm radius) in a nanoindenter under a load of 100 mN at baseline (stage 1), after a one-erosion episode (stage 2) and after 10-erosion episodes (stage 3). RESULTS There were significant effects of erosion stages on both scratch depth (p<0.001) and surface roughness (p<0.001). Post hoc tests showed significant differences in both scratch depths and surface roughness between stages 1 and 3 (p<0.001), and between stages 2 and 3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Enamel softening occurs at an early stage of wine tasting, emphasizing the need to implement early preventive strategies in professional wine tasters. Further research elucidating the fundamental mechanisms involved in early stages of erosion has the potential to lead to development of more effective preventive strategies.
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Krucaite G, Liu L, Volyniuk D, Buika G, Lygaitis R, Grazulevicius J, Xie Z, Zhang B, Grigalevicius S. Polyethers containing 3,6-diarylcarbazolyl groups as polymeric materials for hole transporting layers of OLEDs. Des Monomers Polym 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2015.1045229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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140
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Zimering J, Dong Y, Fang F, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Sevoflurane Causes Long‐lasting Dendritic Spine Head Enlargement without Lasting Effect on Neuritic Extension. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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141
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Zheng X, Xie Z, Zhu K, Xu Q, Deng X, Pan Z. Isolation and characterization of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 genes from different citrus species. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1589-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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142
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Dong ZJ, Su SY, Zhu WB, Zhang CF, Ding M, Chen WX, Yuan XH, Xie Z. Polymorphism analysis of the intron one of insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (IGF2R) in FFRC strain common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its relationship with growth performance. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:407-18. [PMID: 25729973 DOI: 10.4238/2015.january.23.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor gene (IGF2R) encodes a transmembrane protein receptor and acts to sequester and degrade excess circulating insulin-like growth factor 2, which is critical for normal mammalian growth and development. Thus, IGF2R may serve as a candidate gene underlying growth trait in the common carp. In this study, we isolated the intron one of common carp IGF2R and detected the diversity in 3 continuous generations of FFRC strain common carp. A total of 8 loci were detected within this region, which were named in accordance with their location (i.e., Loc84, Loc106, Loc119, Loc130, Loc145, Loc163, Loc167, and Loc265). Loc106, Loc119, and Loc145 were moderately polymorphic; while Loc84, Loc130, Loc163, Loc167, and Loc265 exhibited slight level of polymorphism. However, significant differences between polymorphism information content values were not observed among the different generations. For Loc145, all generations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The total number of significant linkage disequilibria for all generations equaled 40. Among them, 4 pairs were detected in each population, while 8 pairs were found in the 2nd and 3rd generations. For Loc130, the G/T genotype exhibited higher body weight when compared to that of the G/G genotype. The frequency of the homozygous G/G genotype reached 87.96%; thus, we can improve FFRC strain common carp growth performance by increasing the percentage of the G/T genotype within a breeding population. Therefore, the G/T genotype could be used as a molecular marker for superior growth traits.
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Xie Z, Jiang X, Ye P, Zhang Y, Ni Y, Zhuang S, Shen X. Relationship between liver and low rumen pH in goat. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:209-21. [DOI: 10.4238/2015.january.16.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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144
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Sun W, Xie Z, Zhang S, Nan W, Chen J. Identification of the porcine sialoadhesin gene promoter region and its cell-specific expression in porcine alveolar macrophage cells. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:9615-21. [PMID: 25501171 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV), is a communicable disease. PRRS caused huge economic losses to swine breeding. The porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cell is the main target cell of PRRSV; therefore, it is very important to identify the specific gene promoter that controls expression in PAM cells so that the anti-PRRSV exogenous gene can be efficiently and specifically expressed in PAM cells to improve porcine resistance to PRRSV. In this study, the transcription initiation site for sialoadhesin (Siglec-1), which is a porcine alveolar macrophage-specific gene, was determined by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA end, and 88 bp of the 5'-untranslated region was cloned. Siglec-1 promoter activity was detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay, which showed that the fragment from -173 to +81 bp had the strongest promoter activity. Additionally, the cell-specific expression of the promoter fragments was tested in a PAM cell line (CRL-2844 cells), porcine kidney 15 cell line (PK-15 cells), porcine fetal fibroblast (PEF) cells, and porcine preadipocytes. These results also showed that the fragment from -173 to +81 bp had the strongest cell-specific expression in PAM cells.
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145
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Xie Z, Zhang M, Zhao B, Wang Q, Li J, Liu YY, Chen YH. Advanced oxidation protein products as a biomarker of cutaneous lupus erythematosus complicated by nephritis: a case-control study. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2014; 13:9213-9. [PMID: 25501143 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.7.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). The current study investigated the significance of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) as a biomarker of LN in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ninety-two patients who initially presented with systemic lupus erythematosus were divided into the LN- and LN+ groups. Serum AOPP levels were determined, and the association between AOPP levels and LN was investigated in a case-control study. In the LN+ group, patients with higher AOPP levels exhibited higher levels of dsDNA and proteinuria but lower levels of eGFR and complement C3 compared to those in patients with lower AOPP levels. A multivariable logistic regression model showed that the AOPP level was an independent risk factor for LN. The risk of nephritis specifically increased 24% for each 10 μM increase in AOPP (95% confidence interval, 1.166-1.915, P = 0.030). In contrast, neither elevated dsDNA level nor decreased complement C3 level was an independent risk factor for LN. Higher serum AOPP levels were associated with an increased risk of LN. Therefore, future studies are warranted to determine the potential clinical value of this novel biomarker.
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146
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Xie Z, Armbruster V, Grosjean T. Axicon on a gradient index lens (AXIGRIN): integrated optical bench for Bessel beam generation from a point-like source. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:6103-6107. [PMID: 25321694 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.006103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a novel concept of a compact optical component aimed at transforming a point-like source into a Bessel beam. This component, called AXIGRIN, consists of an axicon fabricated at the end facet of a gradient index lens. It can be directly coupled to an optical fiber, a microscope objective, or vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser to be used without preliminary adjustments, which is of practical interest for end users. This opens new avenues in domains, such as imaging, particle acceleration and manipulation, optical coherence tomography, data storage, laser cutting, etc. AXIGRIN also opens the perspective of using Bessel beams for endoscopy. The generation of linearly and radially polarized Bessel beams is demonstrated with a fiber AXIGRIN.
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Huang J, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wan X. The anti-obesity effects of green tea in human intervention and basic molecular studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1075-87. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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148
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Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zheng H, Shie V, Wang H, Busscher JJ, Yue Y, Xu Z, Xie Z. Sevoflurane inhibits neurogenesis and the Wnt-catenin signaling pathway in mouse neural progenitor cells. Curr Mol Med 2014; 13:1446-54. [PMID: 23971735 DOI: 10.2174/15665240113139990073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent population studies suggest that children who receive anesthesia and surgery could be at an increased risk for developing learning disabilities. The underlying reason for this clinical observation is largely unknown. Whether undergoing anesthesia contributes to learning disability development, or if the need for anesthesia and surgery is a marker for other unidentified factors that contribute to the development of learning disabilities, remains to be determined. Neurogenesis, regulated by the Wnt-catenin signaling pathway, has been shown to be involved in learning and memory, and sevoflurane is the most commonly used inhalation anesthetic in children. We therefore set out to determine the effects of sevoflurane on neurogenesis and the Wnt-catenin signaling pathway in mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) using immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Here we show for the first time that 4.1%, but not 2.0%, sevoflurane reduced mouse NPC proliferation, increased Glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) levels, and decreased levels of β-Catenin in mouse NPCs. The GSK-3β inhibitor Lithium attenuated the sevoflurane-induced reduction in mouse NPC proliferation. The data suggest that sevoflurane may reduce neurogenesis through the Wnt-catenin signaling pathway. These findings would promote further studies to investigate the effects of anesthesia on neurogenesis and function of learning and memory, as well as the underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Ultimately these efforts would lead to safer anesthesia care and better postoperative outcomes in children.
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149
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Wang H, Dong Y, Zhang J, Xu Z, Wang G, Swain CA, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Isoflurane induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and caspase activation through ryanodine receptors. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:695-707. [PMID: 24699520 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane has been reported to induce caspase-3 activation, which may induce neurotoxicity and contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown, especially whether or not isoflurane can induce ryanodine receptors (RyRs)-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to caspase-3 activation. We therefore assessed the effects of isoflurane on RyRs-associated ER stress. METHODS We treated primary neurones from wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice with 1% and 2% isoflurane for 1, 3, or 6 h. We then measured levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12, two ER stress markers, using immunocytochemistry staining and western blotting analysis. Dantrolene (5 μM), the antagonist of RyRs, was used to investigate the role of RyRs in the isoflurane-induced ER stress and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS Isoflurane 2% for 6 h treatment increased the levels of CHOP (876% vs 100%, P=0.00009) and caspase-12 (276% vs 100%, P=0.006), and induced caspase-3 activation in the neurones. The administration of 2% isoflurane for 3 h (shorter duration), however, only increased the levels of CHOP (309% vs 100%, P=0.003) and caspase-12 (266% vs 100%, P=0.001), without causing caspase-3 activation. The isoflurane-induced ER stress (CHOP: F=16.64, P=0.0022; caspase-12: F=6.13, P=0.0383) and caspase-3 activation (F=32.06, P=0.0005) were attenuated by the dantrolene treatment. CONCLUSIONS These data imply that isoflurane might induce caspase-3 activation by causing ER stress through RyRs, and dantrolene could attenuate the isoflurane-induced ER stress and caspase-3 activation. Further investigations of the potential neurotoxicity of isoflurane are needed.
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Sun J, Li X, Feng P, Zhang J, Xie Z, Song E, Xi L. RNAi-mediated silencing of fungal acuD gene attenuates the virulence of Penicillium marneffei. Med Mycol 2014; 52:167-78. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myt006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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