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Mouton S, Mougel A, Ustyantsev K, Dissous C, Melnyk O, Berezikov E, Vicogne J. Optimized protocols for RNA interference in Macrostomum lignano. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkae037. [PMID: 38421640 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Macrostomum lignano, a marine free-living flatworm, has emerged as a potent invertebrate model in developmental biology for studying stem cells, germline, and regeneration processes. In recent years, many tools have been developed to manipulate this worm and to facilitate genetic modification. RNA interference is currently the most accessible and direct technique to investigate gene functions. It is obtained by soaking worms in artificial seawater containing dsRNA targeting the gene of interest. Although easy to perform, the original protocol calls for daily exchange of dsRNA solutions, usually until phenotypes are observed, which is both time- and cost-consuming. In this work, we have evaluated alternative dsRNA delivery techniques, such as electroporation and osmotic shock, to facilitate the experiments with improved time and cost efficiency. During our investigation to optimize RNAi, we demonstrated that, in the absence of diatoms, regular single soaking in artificial seawater containing dsRNA directly produced in bacteria or synthesized in vitro is, in most cases, sufficient to induce a potent gene knockdown for several days with a single soaking step. Therefore, this new and highly simplified method allows a very significant reduction of dsRNA consumption and lab work. In addition, it enables performing experiments on a larger number of worms at minimal cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Mouton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AD, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Mougel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Kirill Ustyantsev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AD, The Netherlands
| | - Colette Dissous
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AD, The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Del Prado JAN, Ding Y, Sonneville JD, der Kolk KJV, Moreno-Mateos MA, Málaga-Trillo E, Spaink HP. Comparing robotic and manual injection methods in zebrafish embryos for high-throughput RNA silencing using CRISPR-RfxCas13d. Biotechniques 2024; 76:183-191. [PMID: 38420933 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the authors compared the efficiency of automated robotic and manual injection methods for the CRISPR-RfxCas13d (CasRx) system for mRNA knockdown and Cas9-mediated DNA targeting in zebrafish embryos. They targeted the no tail (TBXTA) gene as a proof-of-principle, evaluating the induced embryonic phenotypes. Both Cas9 and CasRx systems caused loss of function phenotypes for TBXTA. Cas9 protein exhibited a higher percentage of severe phenotypes compared with mRNA, while CasRx protein and mRNA showed similar efficiency. Both robotic and manual injections demonstrated comparable phenotype percentages and mortality rates. The findings highlight the potential of RNA-targeting CRISPR effectors for precise gene knockdown and endorse automated microinjection at a speed of 1.0 s per embryo as a high-throughput alternative to manual methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Abugattas-Nuñez Del Prado
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Animal Science & Health, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, 15102, Perú
| | - Yi Ding
- Life Science Methods BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, 2333CH, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Sonneville
- Life Science Methods BV, JH Oortweg 19, Leiden, 2333CH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel A Moreno-Mateos
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), Pablo de Olavide University/CSIC/Junta de Andalucía, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Seville, 41013, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Ctra. Utrera Km.1, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Edward Málaga-Trillo
- Department of Biology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima, 15102, Perú
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Animal Science & Health, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
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Liu F, Chen S, Yu Y, Huang C, Chen H, Wang L, Zhang W, Wu J, Ye Y. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 knockdown inhibits the growth and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Gene 2022; 819:146240. [PMID: 35114275 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains high mortality and the mechanism is still unknown. Here we investigated the effects of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) on growth and liver metastasis of CRC. METHODS qPCR and western blotting were used to demonstrate mRNA and protein expressions in Id2-knockdown HCT116 cells. Cell growth was observed by cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay and flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were observed with wound healing assay and transwell migration and invasion assay. The effects of Id2 knockdown on tumor growth and liver metastasis in vivo were evaluated respectively with subcutaneous tumor model and colorectal liver metastasis model by injecting HCT116 cells into the mesentery triangle of cecum in mice. RESULTS Id2 overexpression was found in CRC cell lines. Id2 knockdown resulted in a reduction in the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCT116 cells. The suppression of cell proliferation was accompanied by the cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase with down-regulation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p-Cdk2/3, Cdk6, p-p27 and up-regulation of p21 and p27. Id2 knockdown reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through increasing E-Cadherin and inhibiting N-Cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, Snail and Slug. Id2 was also found to inhibit CRC metastasis via MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP-1. Furthermore, Id2 knockdown suppressed CRC liver metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION Id2 promotes CRC growth through activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and triggers EMT to enhance CRC migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yue Yu
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanzhong Huang
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Junxin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China.
| | - Yunbin Ye
- Laboratory of Immuno-Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350014, China.
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Godden AM, Antonaci M, Ward NJ, van der Lee M, Abu-Daya A, Guille M, Wheeler GN. An efficient miRNA knockout approach using CRISPR-Cas9 in Xenopus. Dev Biol 2022; 483:66-75. [PMID: 34968443 PMCID: PMC8865746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts (KO) have become increasingly ultilised to study gene function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs, 20-22 nucleotides long, which affect gene expression through post-transcriptional repression. We previously identified miRNAs-196a and -219 as implicated in the development of Xenopus neural crest (NC). The NC is a multipotent stem-cell population, specified during early neurulation. Following EMT, NC cells migrate to various points in the developing embryo where they give rise to a number of tissues including parts of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells and craniofacial skeleton. Dysregulation of NC development results in many diseases grouped under the term neurocristopathies. As miRNAs are so small, it is difficult to design CRISPR sgRNAs that reproducibly lead to a KO. We have therefore designed a novel approach using two guide RNAs to effectively 'drop out' a miRNA. We have knocked out miR-196a and miR-219 and compared the results to morpholino knockdowns (KD) of the same miRNAs. Validation of efficient CRISPR miRNA KO and phenotype analysis included use of whole-mount in situ hybridization of key NC and neural plate border markers such as Pax3, Xhe2, Sox10 and Snail2, q-RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. To show specificity we have also rescued the knockout phenotype using miRNA mimics. MiRNA-219 and miR-196a KO's both show loss of NC, altered neural plate and hatching gland phenotypes. Tadpoles show gross craniofacial and pigment phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Godden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Antonaci
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J Ward
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael van der Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Abu-Daya
- King Henry Building, King Henry I St, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Guille
- King Henry Building, King Henry I St, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, United Kingdom
| | - Grant N Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
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Guan D, Zhou W, Wei H, Wang T, Zheng K, Yang C, Feng R, Xu R, Fu Y, Li C, Li Y, Li C. Ferritinophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis and Activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Were Conducive to EMT Inhibition of Gastric Cancer Cells in Action of 2,2'-Di-pyridineketone Hydrazone Dithiocarbamate Butyric Acid Ester. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:3920664. [PMID: 35237380 PMCID: PMC8885181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3920664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In metastasis of cancer cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is prerequired. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated cellular death process, but whether it involves EMT regulation remains elusive. In addition, how stress responders (Nrf2) respond to the redox alteration and cross-talking between them needs to be determined. Our data revealed that DpdtbA (2,2'-di-pyridineketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate butyric acid ester) resisted TGF-β1-induced EMT in gastric cancer lines (SGC-7901 and MGC-823) through ferritinophagy-mediated ROS production. Furthermore, the depletion of Gpx4 and xCT as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation indicated that DpdtbA acted as Erastin did in ferroptosis induction, which thus provided chance to explore the causal relationship between ferroptosis and EMT. Our data illustrated that ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis promoted the EMT inhibition. In addition, activated Nrf2 involved the regulation on both ferroptosis and EMT in response to the alteration in the cellular redox environment. In brief, ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were conducive to the EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kangwei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yun Fu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Cuiping Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Yongli Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Changzheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Wu W, Chai Q, Zhang Z. Inhibition of SGLT1 Alleviates the Glycemic Variability-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis via Inhibition of Activation of Macrophage and Cardiac Fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0028221. [PMID: 34842443 PMCID: PMC8852709 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00282-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability has been considered one of the predictors of diabetes complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this work, we evaluated whether glycemic variability induces cardiac fibrosis through regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization. Moreover, we determined whether glucose transporter sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) plays an important role in this process. Glycemic variability-induced mice were established using DM mice (GVDM mice), and intermittent high-glucose (IHG) treatment was used to simulate glycemic variability in RAW264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. The short hairpin RNA for SGLT1 was used to knock down SGLT1. The results showed that glycemic variability aggravated the cardiac fibrosis in GVDM mice. Additionally, glycemic variability promoted the expression of fibrogenic cytokine and the extracellular matrix proteins in left ventricular tissues and cardiac fibroblasts. GVDM mice showed a higher incidence of macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in left ventricular tissues. Moreover, IHG-promoted RAW264.7 macrophages tended to differentiate to M1 phenotype. SGLT1 knockdown alleviated cardiac fibrosis in GVDM mice and inhibited activations of cardiac fibroblast and macrophage M1 polarization. Our results indicated that glycemic variability aggravates cardiac fibrosis through activating cardiac fibroblast and macrophage M1 polarization, which could be partially inhibited by SGLT1 knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao K, Yu C, Luo J, Huang M, Wen Q, Zhao N. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 acts as a protein kinase to regulate glioblastoma progression by activating the AKT/forkhead box O1 pathway. Acta Biochim Pol 2022; 69:165-172. [PMID: 35143148 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, and PFKFB4 has been shown to function as a protein kinase. However, the molecular mechanisms through which PFKFB4 functions in glioblastoma (GBM) remain poorly understood. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed the roles of PFKFB4 in GBM. Compared to in adjacent tissues, PFKFB4 was highly expressed in GBM, and its expression level was negatively correlated with the overall survival time. In addition, knockdown of PFKFB4 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells and promoted apoptosis. In a xenograft tumor model, tumor growth was inhibited by knockdown of PFKFB4 using short hairpin RNA. Further studies demonstrated that PFKFB4 is involved in regulating the AKT signaling pathway. Thus, PFKFB4 acts as a protein kinase to regulate GBM progression by activating the AKT/forkhead box O1 pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic target in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chaojun Yu
- Neurosurgery Department, 903 Hospital, Jiangyou City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Neurosurgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Minhao Huang
- Neurosurgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Neurosurgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ninghui Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Liu YP, Yang YD, Mou FF, Zhu J, Li H, Zhao TT, Zhao Y, Shao SJ, Cui GH, Guo HD. Exosome-Mediated miR-21 Was Involved in the Promotion of Structural and Functional Recovery Effect Produced by Electroacupuncture in Sciatic Nerve Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:7530102. [PMID: 35132352 PMCID: PMC8817850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7530102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study is aimed at investigating the mechanism by which electroacupuncture (EA) promoted nerve regeneration by regulating the release of exosomes and exosome-mediated miRNA-21 (miR-21) transmission. Furthermore, the effects of Schwann cells- (SC-) derived exosomes on the overexpression of miR-21 for the treatment of PNI were investigated. METHODS A sciatic nerve injury model of rat was constructed, and the expression of miR-21 in serum exosomes and damaged local nerves was detected using RT-qPCR after EA treatment. The exosomes were identified under a transmission electron microscope and using western blotting analysis. Then, the exosome release inhibitor, GW4869, and the miR-21-5p-sponge used for the knockdown of miR-21 were used to clarify the effects of exosomal miR-21 on nerve regeneration promoted by EA. The nerve conduction velocity recovery rate, sciatic nerve function index, and wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle were determined to evaluate sciatic nerve function recovery. SC proliferation and the level of neurotrophic factors were assessed using immunofluorescence staining, and the expression levels of SPRY2 and miR-21 were detected using RT-qPCR analysis. Subsequently, the transmission of exosomal miR-21 from SC to the axon was verified in vitro. Finally, the exosomes derived from the SC infected with the miR-21 overexpression lentivirus were collected and used to treat the rat SNI model to explore the therapeutic role of SC-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-21. RESULTS We found that EA inhibited the release of serum exosomal miR-21 in a PNI model of rats during the early stage of PNI, while it promoted its release during later stages. EA enhanced the accumulation of miR-21 in the injured nerve and effectively promoted the recovery of nerve function after PNI. The treatment effect of EA was attenuated when the release of circulating exosomes was inhibited or when miR-21 was downregulated in local injury tissue via the miR-21-5p-sponge. Normal exosomes secreted by SC exhibited the ability to promote the recovery of nerve function, while the overexpression of miR-21 enhanced the effects of the exosomes. In addition, exosomal miR-21 secreted by SC could promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the mechanism of EA on PNI from the perspective of exosome-mediated miR-21 transport and provided a theoretical basis for the use of exosomal miR-21 as a novel strategy for the treatment of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-pu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-duo Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang-fang Mou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian-tian Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui-jin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-hong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hai-dong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Jiang P, Li F, Liu Z, Hao S, Gao J, Li S. BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) induces lung cancer stem cell phenotypes by stimulating CD44 expression. Respir Res 2021; 22:320. [PMID: 34949193 PMCID: PMC8697453 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01918-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for cancer initiation in tumors. Bach1 has been identified to contribute to several tumor progression, including lung cancer. The role of Bach1 in CSCs remains poorly known. Therefore, the function of Bach1 on lung CSCs was focused currently. METHODS The expression of Bach1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 mRNA was assessed using Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Protein expression of Bach1, CD133, CD44, Sox2, Nanog, Oct4, p53, BCL2, BAX, p-p38, p-AKT1, c-Fos and c-Jun protein was analyzed by western blotting. 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation, Flow cytometry analysis and transwell invasion assay were carried out to analyze lung cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion respectively. Tumor sphere formation assay was utilized to evaluate spheroid capacity. Flow cytometry analysis was carried out to isolate CD133 or CD44 positive lung cancer cells. The relationship between Bach1 and CD44 was verified using ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft tumor tissues were collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and IHC analysis to evaluate histology and Ki-67. RESULTS The ratio of CD44 + CSCs from A549 and SPC-A1 cells were significantly enriched. Tumor growth of CD44 + CSCs was obviously suppressed in vivo compared to CD44- CSCs. Bach1 expression was obviously increased in CD44 + CSCs. Then, via using the in vitro experiment, it was observed that CSCs proliferation and invasion were greatly reduced by the down-regulation of Bach1 while cell apoptosis was triggered by knockdown of Bach1. Loss of Bach1 was able to repress tumor-sphere formation and tumor-initiating CSC markers. A repression of CSCs growth and metastasis of shRNA-Bach1 was confirmed using xenograft models and caudal vein injection. The direct interaction between Bach1 and CD44 was confirmed by ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway was selected and we proved the effects of Bach1 on lung CSCs were associated with the activation of the MAPK pathway. As manifested, loss of Bach1 was able to repress p-p38, p-AKT1, c-Fos, c-Jun protein levels in lung CSCs. Inhibition of MAPK signaling remarkably restrained lung CSCs growth and CSCs properties induced by Bach1 overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, we imply that Bach1 demonstrates great potential for the treatment of lung cancer metastasis and recurrence via activating CD44 and MPAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Hao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Gu W, Wang L, Deng G, Gu X, Tang Z, Li S, Jin W, Yang J, Guo X, Li Q. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA MIAT attenuates cigarette smoke-induced airway remodeling by downregulating miR-29c-3p-HIF3A axis. Toxicol Lett 2021; 357:11-19. [PMID: 34953943 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health issue and is defined as persistent airflow limitation. COPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs are involved in the course of pulmonary diseases. Here, we revealed that a long noncoding RNA called myocardial-infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is upregulated in lung tissues of cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. Knockdown of MIAT attenuated CS or CS-extract-induced inflammatory processes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and collagen deposition. Moreover, according to bioinformatic analyses and luciferase reporter assays, MIAT binds to microRNA-29c-3p (miR-29c-3p) and upregulates hypoxia-inducible factor 3 alpha (HIF3A), a target gene of miR-29c-3p. When the MIAT-specific short hairpin RNA and an miR-29c-3p inhibitor were cotransfected into cells, the inhibitor reversed the effects of MIAT knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, EMT, and collagen deposition. Overall, these results indicate that MIAT participates in CS-induced EMT and airway remodeling in COPD by upregulating miR-29c-3p-HIF3A axis output, thereby offering a novel promising biomarker for the assessment of COPD exacerbation induced by CS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Gao Z, Zhang C, Feng Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Yang K, Chen L, Yao R. C1q inhibits differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113947. [PMID: 34902359 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system demyelinating disease of autoimmune originate. Complement C1q, a complex glycoprotein, mediates a variety of immunoregulatory functions considered important in the prevention of autoimmunity. Although we found that the increased serum C1q level was highly associated with the Fazekas scores and T2 lesion volume of MS patients, the effect and mechanism of C1q on demyelination remains unclear. Cluster analysis and protein array results showed that serum Wnt receptors Frizzled-6 and LRP-6 levels in MS patients were both increased, we proposed that C1q may be involved in demyelination via Wnt signaling. The increased C1q protein levels in the serum and brain tissue were confirmed in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mice model. Moreover, CPZ treatment induced significant increase of LRP-6 and Frizzled-6 protein in mice corpus callosum. LRP-6 extra-cellular domain (LRP-6-ECD) level in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of CPZ mice also significantly increased. Knockdown of the subunit C1s of C1 not only substantially attenuated demyelination, promoted M2 microglia polarization and improved neurological function, but inhibited β-catenin expression and its nuclear translocation in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). In vitro, C1s silence reversed the increased level of LRP-6-ECD in the medium and β-catenin expression in OPCs induced by C1q treatment. Meanwhile, inhibition of C1s also markedly lowered the number of EDU positive OPCs, but enhanced the number of CNPase positive oligodendrocyte and the protein of MBP. The present study indicated that C1q was involved in demyelination in response to CPZ in mice by preventing OPC from differentiating into mature oligodendrocyte via Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Zhaowei Feng
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Yaru Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China
| | - Ruiqin Yao
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, PR China.
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an increasing focus of investigation due to their implications in diverse biological processes and disease. Nevertheless, the majority of lncRNAs are low in abundance and poorly conserved, posing challenges to functional studies. The CRISPR/Cas system, an innovative technology that has emerged over the last decade, can be utilized to further understand lncRNA function. The system targets specific DNA and/or RNA sequences via a guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas nuclease complex. We and others have utilized this technology in various applications such as lncRNA knockout, knockdown, overexpression, and imaging. In this review, we summarize how the CRISPR/Cas technology provides new tools to investigate the roles and therapeutic implications of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meira S. Zibitt
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Corrine Corrina R. Hartford
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Wang S, Wen Q, Xiong B, Zhang L, Yu X, Ouyang X. Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Knockdown Ameliorates 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridine-Induced Cell Injury Through MicroRNA-519a-3p/SP1 Axis in Parkinson Disease. World Neurosurg 2021; 156:e93-e103. [PMID: 34508910 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by resting tremor, dementia, and gait disorder. Previous studies have indicated that long noncoding RNA participates in the regulation of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. The study aimed to reveal the effects of long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+)-induced human neuroblastoma cell injury and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The expressions of NEAT1, microRNA (miR)-519a-3p, and transcription factor specific protein 1 (SP1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of SP1 and inflammation-related factors were determined by Western blot. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry analysis. The targeting relationship between miR-519a-3p and NEAT1 or SP1 was predicted by starBase online database and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS NEAT1 and SP1 expressions were significantly upregulated, whereas miR-519a-3p was downregulated in MPP+-treated neuroblastoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner when compared with control groups. NEAT1 knockdown restrained MPP+-induced repression of cell viability and promotion of cell apoptosis and inflammation. Additionally, NEAT1 served as a sponge of miR-519a-3p and regulated MPP+-caused cell injury by interacting with miR-519a-3p. Also, SP1, a target gene of miR-519a-3p, rescued miR-519a-3p-mediated actions under MPP+ treatment. Importantly, NEAT1 stimulated SP1 expression through interaction with miR-519a-3p. CONCLUSIONS NEAT1 silencing protected against MPP+-induced neuroblastoma cell injury by regulating the miR-519a-3p/SP1 pathway. This finding provides a novel direction for the development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinli Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Bohai Xiong
- Department of Neurology, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurology, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiaochun Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, 908 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China
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Poosekeaw P, Pairojkul C, Sripa B, Sa Ngiamwibool P, Iamsaard S, Sakonsinsiri C, Thanan R, Ungarreevittaya P. Adaptor protein XB130 regulates the aggressiveness of cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259075. [PMID: 34780466 PMCID: PMC8592414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a group of heterogenous malignancies arising from bile duct epithelium with distinct pathological features. Adaptor proteins have implicated in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of different cancer cells. The objective of this study was to assess whether the adaptor protein XB130 (AFAP1L2) is a critical biological determinant of CCA outcome. XB130 expression levels were investigated in four CCA cell lines compared to an immortalized cholangiocyte cell line by Western blotting. Small interfering (si) RNA-mediated XB130 gene silencing was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced XB130 expression on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by MTT, transwell migration and cell invasion assay. The immunohistochemical quantification of XB130 levels were performed in surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 151 CCA patients. The relationship between XB130 expression and the clinicopathological parameters of CCA patients were analyzed. Our results showed that XB130 was highly expressed in KKU-213A cell line. Knockdown of XB130 using siRNA significantly decreased the proliferation, migration, and invasion properties of KKU-213A cells through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that XB130 plays an important role in CCA progression. Moreover, elevated XB130 expression levels were positive relationship with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), intrahepatic type of CCA, high TNM staging (stage III, IV), high T classification (T3, T4), and lymph node metastasis. We provide the first evidence that the overexpression of XB130 is associated with tumorigenic properties of CCA cells, leading to CCA progression with aggressive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirawan Poosekeaw
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Piti Ungarreevittaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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15
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Mao Y, Xu X. Cytokine Release Syndrome after Treatment of Anti-CD19 CAR-T Therapy with IL-6 Knocking Down in Patients with Central Nervous System B-cell Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:790-794. [PMID: 34921032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) condition for central nervous system B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (CNS B-ALL) patients after CAR-Ts targeting CD19 with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-IL-6 gene silencing technology (ssCART-19s) infusion. METHODS This prospective observational research included a total of 12 cases of patients with CNS B-ALL from March 2017 to February 2020. ssCART-19 infusions (5×106 cells/kg) were given to patients for 3 consecutive days. After infusion, the temperature of all patients was detected constantly and the CRS was carefully monitored within 1 month after treatment. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CRP and IL-17A were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) within 10 days after infusion. RESULTS All 12 CNS B-ALL patients showed CRS with 100% incidence rate, with 3 cases (25.00%) of CRS stage I and 9 cases (75.00%) with CRS stage II. No CRS stage III~V was observed. The overall response rate was 91.67% (11/12), with 10 patients (83.33%) showed CR and 1 case (8.33%) of PR. In 9 patients with CRS stage II, the temperature increased persistently, ranging from 4 days to 14 days after infusion, and decreased gradually after 14 days of nursing treatment. The hyperthermia condition started from 1 day after infusion and returned to baseline at the following 2-10 days of nursing treatment. The levels of the inflammatory factors increased markedly after ssCAR-T19s infusion for 2-3 days compared to the baseline, and gradually returned to the baseline after treatment. After 10 days of infusion, all inflammatory factors returned to normal levels. CONCLUSION ssCART-19s infusion induced short-term slight CRS with increased temperature and inflammatory factors, and no severe CRS was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Mao
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ji G, Luo B, Chen L, Shen G, Tian T. GBP2 Is a Favorable Prognostic Marker of Skin Cutaneous Melanoma and Affects Its Progression via the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:772-782. [PMID: 34921030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common cutaneous malignant tumour. This study explored the expression and the downstream regulation mechanism of guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2), an interferon (IFN)-induced protein, in SKCM. METHODS Western blot was employed to verify the expression of SBP2 and its downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins. We studied the relationship between GBP2 and the SKCM prognosis through database analysis. In vitro, gain-and-loss-of function experiments were conducted in SKCM cells. Cell viability was monitored by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, the colony formation assay detected cell proliferation, and apoptosis was verified by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was conducted to test cell invasion and migration, while Western blot was employed to monitor the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SKCM cells. RESULTS The GBP2 expression in SKCM cells and tissues was lower than normal cells and tissues. GBP2 overexpression inhibited SKCM cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT and promoted cell apoptosis. In contrast, the GBP2 knockdown had the reverse effect. Mechanically, Wnt/β-catenin was inactivated by GBP2 overexpression and was enhanced by GBP2 knockdown. Drug activation of Wnt/β-catenin significantly attenuated the malignant phenotypic inhibition induced by GBP2 up-regulation in SKCM cells. CONCLUSION GBP2 exerts anti-tumour effects by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in SKCM and is related to a favourable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Binjie Luo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Tai Zhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Wang T, Wang X, Wang H, Li L, Zhang C, Xiang R, Tan X, Li Z, Jiang C, Zheng L, Xiao L, Yue S. High TSPAN8 expression in epithelial cancer cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote confined diffusion and pronounced uptake. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12167. [PMID: 34796683 PMCID: PMC8602930 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a key role in intercellular communication. Cargo molecules carried by sEVs may affect the phenotype and function of recipient cells. Epithelial cancer cell-derived sEVs, particularly those enriched in CD151 or tetraspanin8 (TSPAN8) and associated integrins, promote tumour progression. The mechanism of binding and modulation of sEVs to recipient cells remains elusive. Here, we used genetically engineered breast cancer cells to derive TSPAN8-enriched sEVs and evaluated the impact of TSPAN8 on target cell membrane's diffusion and transport properties. The single-particle tracking technique showed that TSPAN8 significantly promoted sEV binding via confined diffusion. Functional assays indicated that the transgenic TSPAN8-sEV cargo increased cancer cell motility and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vivo, transgenic TSPAN8-sEV promoted uptake of sEVs in the liver, lung, and spleen. We concluded that TSPAN8 encourages the sEV-target cell interaction via forced confined diffusion and significantly increases cell motility. Therefore, TSPAN8-sEV may serve as an important direct or indirect therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wang
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Breast & Thyroid SurgeryThe Third People's Hospital of ChengduThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong UniversityThe Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Luhan Li
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryTianjin Union Medical CenterTianjinChina
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyTianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular RecognitionCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shijing Yue
- School of MedicineState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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Silvis MR, Rajendram M, Shi H, Osadnik H, Gray AN, Cesar S, Peters JM, Hearne CC, Kumar P, Todor H, Huang KC, Gross CA. Morphological and Transcriptional Responses to CRISPRi Knockdown of Essential Genes in Escherichia coli. mBio 2021; 12:e0256121. [PMID: 34634934 PMCID: PMC8510551 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02561-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) has facilitated the study of essential genes in diverse organisms using both high-throughput and targeted approaches. Despite the promise of this technique, no comprehensive arrayed CRISPRi library targeting essential genes exists for the model bacterium Escherichia coli, or for any Gram-negative species. Here, we built and characterized such a library. Each of the ∼500 strains in our E. coli library contains an inducible, chromosomally integrated single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting an essential (or selected nonessential) gene and can be mated with a pseudo-Hfr donor strain carrying a dcas9 cassette to create a CRISPRi knockdown strain. Using this system, we built an arrayed library of CRISPRi strains and performed population and single-cell growth and morphology measurements as well as targeted follow-up experiments. These studies found that inhibiting translation causes an extended lag phase, identified new modulators of cell morphology, and revealed that the morphogene mreB is subject to transcriptional feedback regulation, which is critical for the maintenance of morphology. Our findings highlight canonical and noncanonical roles for essential genes in numerous aspects of cellular homeostasis. IMPORTANCE Essential genes make up only ∼5 to 10% of the genetic complement in most organisms but occupy much of their protein synthesis and account for almost all antibiotic targets. Despite the importance of essential genes, their intractability has, until recently, hampered efforts to study them. CRISPRi has facilitated the study of essential genes by allowing inducible and titratable depletion. However, all large-scale CRISPRi studies in Gram-negative bacteria thus far have used plasmids to express CRISPRi components and have been constructed in pools, limiting their utility for targeted assays and complicating the determination of antibiotic effects. Here, we use a modular method to construct an arrayed library of chromosomally integrated CRISPRi strains targeting the essential genes of the model bacterium Escherichia coli. This library enables targeted studies of essential gene depletions and high-throughput determination of antibiotic targets and facilitates studies targeting the outer membrane, an essential component that serves as the major barrier to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Silvis
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manohary Rajendram
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Handuo Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hendrik Osadnik
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew N. Gray
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Spencer Cesar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason M. Peters
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cameron C. Hearne
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Parth Kumar
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Horia Todor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kerwyn Casey Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carol A. Gross
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND HPV16 is the predominant cancer-causing strain that is responsible for over 50% of all cervical cancers. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) knockdown on HPV16+ cervical cancer progression and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The transcript and protein expression of Hsp90 in normal cervical and HPV16+ cervical cancer tissues and cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot. Hsp90 knockdown clones were established using HPV16+ cervical cancer cell line Caski and SiHa cells. The effect of Hsp90 knockdown on HER2/PI3K/AKT pathway and PD-L1 expression was characterized using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and migration were determined using MTT and transwell assays. Using mouse xenograft tumor model, the impact of Hsp90 knockdown and PD-L1 overexpression on tumor progression was evaluated. RESULTS Hsp90 expression was up-regulated in HPV16+ cervical cancer tissues and cells. Knockdown of Hsp90 inhibited proliferation and migration of Caski and SiHa cells. PD-L1 expression in cervical cancer tissues was positively correlated with Hsp90 expression, and Hsp90 regulated PD-L1 expression via HER2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The results of mouse xenograft tumor model demonstrated Hsp90 knockdown suppressed tumor formation and overexpression of PD-L1 simultaneously eliminated the cancer-suppressive effect of Hsp90 knockdown. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated a promising tumor-suppressive effect of Hsp90 knockdown in HPV16+ cervical cancers, and investigated the underlying molecular pathway. Our results suggested that Hsp90 knockdown holds great therapeutic potential in treating HPV16+ cervical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Li He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Kao SY, Nikonova E, Chaabane S, Sabani A, Martitz A, Wittner A, Heemken J, Straub T, Spletter ML. A Candidate RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse RNA-Binding Protein Phenotypes in Drosophila Flight Muscle. Cells 2021; 10:2505. [PMID: 34685485 PMCID: PMC8534295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. Alternative splicing is disrupted in muscle diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and is altered after intense exercise as well as with aging. It is therefore important to understand splicing and RBP function, but currently, only a small fraction of the hundreds of annotated RBPs expressed in muscle have been characterized. Here, we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila as a genetic model system to investigate basic developmental mechanisms of RBP function in myogenesis. We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. We performed knockdown with 105 RNAi hairpins targeting 35 RBPs and report associated lethality, flight, myofiber and sarcomere defects, including flight muscle phenotypes for Doa, Rm62, mub, mbl, sbr, and clu. Knockdown phenotypes of spliceosome components, as highlighted by phenotypes for A-complex components SF1 and Hrb87F (hnRNPA1), revealed level- and temporal-dependent myofibril defects. We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. Drosophila is thus a powerful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabrina Chaabane
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Albiona Sabani
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Alexandra Martitz
- Molecular Nutrition Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakob Heemken
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany;
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
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21
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Abstract
LINE1 is the most active and abundant family of retrotransposons; it is implicated in a number of pathologies, as well as in early embryo development. We present a protocol to specifically knockdown LINE1 in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryos, including details for the nucleofection and zygote microinjection of LINE antisense oligos, followed by RNA FISH validation. This protocol can be used in development, as well as other cell types where LINE1 is believed to be expressed. For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Percharde et al. (2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Percharde
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Chih-Jen Lin
- The University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Miguel Ramalho-Santos
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 3H7, Canada
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22
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Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Moore O, Moreira LM, Abu-Taha I, Kamler M, Dobrev D, Nattel S, Reilly S, Wehrens XH. Atrial-Specific LKB1 Knockdown Represents a Novel Mouse Model of Atrial Cardiomyopathy With Spontaneous Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2021; 144:909-912. [PMID: 34516304 PMCID: PMC8442761 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Moore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia M Moreira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Issam Abu-Taha
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Huttrop, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Montreal Heart Institute/University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Montreal Heart Institute/University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- IHU LIRYC and Foundation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Correspondence to: Svetlana Reilly, MD, PhD, Oxford University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, Tel +44-1865-234-646, ; Xander HT Wehrens, MD, PhD, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Tel +1-713-798-4261,
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence to: Svetlana Reilly, MD, PhD, Oxford University, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK, Tel +44-1865-234-646, ; Xander HT Wehrens, MD, PhD, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM335, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Tel +1-713-798-4261,
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23
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Hu X, Chen S, Xie C, Li Z, Wu Z, You Z. DPP4 gene silencing inhibits proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells through suppression of the MAPK pathway. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1609-1623. [PMID: 33387351 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by epithelial malignancy and is the most prevalent thyroid neoplasm with the best overall prognosis. Notably, recently published studies have indicated remarkably high expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in PTC. However, the underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory factors of PTC progression remain unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to elucidate the effects of DPP4 gene silencing on PTC and further investigated whether the mechanism of PTC progression is related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. METHODS Herein, microarray-based gene expression profiling of PTC was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes between tumor thyroid tissue and normal thyroid tissue as well as the underlying signaling pathway involved in PTC pathogenesis. Moreover, protein quantification was performed to assess the protein expression of DPP4 in PTC tissues collected from 65 patients. In addition, DPP4 was silenced in PTC cell lines (GLAG-66 and TPC-1) through siRNA-mediated DPP4 knockdown or sitagliptin (inhibitor of DPP4)-mediated inhibition to assess the effects of DPP4 on the MAPK pathway and cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). RESULTS Intriguingly, our data revealed markedly high expression of DPP4 in PTC tissues. However, in GLAG-66 and TPC-1 cells, the silencing of DPP4 resulted in significantly reduced expression of ERK1/2, JNK1, P38 MAPK, VEGF, FGFR-1, TGF-β1, Snail, HIF-1α, N-cadherin, and Bcl-2 along with reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1, and P38 MAPK, whereas the expression of E-cadherin and Bax was increased. Furthermore, DPP4 silencing was found to hinder cell proliferation and potentiate cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Collectively, the present study demonstrated that DPP4 gene silencing inhibits PTC cell proliferation and EMT and promotes cell apoptosis via suppression of the MAPK pathway, thus highlighting a possible regulatory pathway in PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hu
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - S Chen
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - C Xie
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wu
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Z You
- The First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), No. 3, Wandao Road South, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Yang S, Fang F, Yu X, Yang C, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhu L, Shao K, Zhu T. Knockdown of H19 Inhibits the Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris by Targeting the miR-196a/TLR2/NF-κB Axis. Inflammation 2021; 43:1936-1947. [PMID: 32524335 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, and Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) has been implicated in acne inflammation. Numerous studies have shown that non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating the pathophysiological processes of acne. In addition, the first imprinted long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) identified, H19, plays a critical role in inflammatory disease. However, the expression and role of H19 in AV remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of H19 in keratinocytes and explored the regulatory mechanisms underlying these effects. H19 was upregulated in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes in a concentration-dependent manner. The phosphorylated forms of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB-related proteins IκBα (p-IκBα) and p65 (p-P65) were significantly upregulated after P. acnes treatment. Additionally, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 was upregulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Knockdown of H19 inhibited the expression of p-IκBα and p-P65 as well as the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in keratinocytes treated with P. acnes. Moreover, H19 was found to exert its proinflammatory effects by activating NF-κB. H19, which was localized mainly in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, facilitated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression by acting as a miR-196a sponge. H19 thus promoted the activation of NF-κB and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines through the miR-196a/TLR2 axis. These findings provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of AV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Baoshan, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Fumin Fang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuqin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Changzhi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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25
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Brnich SE, Arteaga EC, Wang Y, Tan X, Berg JS. A Validated Functional Analysis of Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 Missense Variants for Use in Clinical Variant Interpretation. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:847-864. [PMID: 33964450 PMCID: PMC8491091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical genetic testing readily detects germline genetic variants. Yet, the rarity of individual variants limits the evidence available for variant classification, leading to many variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS cannot guide clinical decisions, complicating counseling and management. In hereditary breast cancer gene PALB2, approximately 50% of clinically identified germline variants are VUS and approximately 90% of VUS are missense. Truncating PALB2 variants have homologous recombination (HR) defects and rely on error-prone nonhomologous end-joining for DNA damage repair (DDR). Recent reports show that some missense PALB2 variants may also be damaging, but most functional studies have lacked benchmarking controls required for sufficient predictive power for clinical use. Here, variant-level DDR capacity in hereditary breast cancer genes was assessed using the Traffic Light Reporter (TLR) to quantify cellular HR/nonhomologous end-joining with fluorescent markers. First, using BRCA2 missense variants of known significance as benchmarks, the TLR distinguished between normal/abnormal HR function. The TLR was then validated for PALB2 and used to test 37 PALB2 variants. Based on the TLR's ability to correctly classify PALB2 validation controls, these functional data where applied in subsequent germline variant interpretations at a moderate level of evidence toward a pathogenic interpretation (PS3_moderate) for 8 variants with abnormal DDR, or a supporting level of evidence toward a benign interpretation (BS3_supporting) for 13 variants with normal DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Brnich
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eyla Cristina Arteaga
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xianming Tan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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26
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Wilkes BJ, DeSimone JC, Liu Y, Chu WT, Coombes SA, Li Y, Vaillancourt DE. Cell-specific effects of Dyt1 knock-out on sensory processing, network-level connectivity, and motor deficits. Exp Neurol 2021; 343:113783. [PMID: 34119482 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DYT1 dystonia is a debilitating movement disorder characterized by repetitive, unintentional movements and postures. The disorder has been linked to mutation of the TOR1A/DYT1 gene encoding torsinA. Convergent evidence from studies in humans and animal models suggest that striatal medium spiny neurons and cholinergic neurons are important in DYT1 dystonia. What is not known is how torsinA dysfunction in these specific cell types contributes to the pathophysiology of DYT1 dystonia. In this study we sought to determine whether torsinA dysfunction in cholinergic neurons alone is sufficient to generate the sensorimotor dysfunction and brain changes associated with dystonia, or if torsinA dysfunction in a broader subset of cell types is needed. We generated two genetically modified mouse models, one with selective Dyt1 knock-out from dopamine-2 receptor expressing neurons (D2KO) and one where only cholinergic neurons are impacted (Ch2KO). We assessed motor deficits and performed in vivo 11.1 T functional MRI to assess sensory-evoked brain activation and connectivity, along with diffusion MRI to assess brain microstructure. We found that D2KO mice showed greater impairment than Ch2KO mice, including reduced sensory-evoked brain activity in key regions of the sensorimotor network, and altered functional connectivity of the striatum that correlated with motor deficits. These findings suggest that (1) the added impact of torsinA dysfunction in medium spiny and dopaminergic neurons of the basal ganglia generate more profound deficits than the dysfunction of cholinergic neurons alone, and (2) that sensory network impairments are linked to motor deficits in DYT1 dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Wilkes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - J C DeSimone
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - W T Chu
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S A Coombes
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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27
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McFarlane M, Laureti M, Levée T, Terry S, Kohl A, Pondeville E. Improved transient silencing of gene expression in the mosquito female Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 2021; 30:355-365. [PMID: 33715239 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing using RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used genetic technique to study gene function in many organisms. In insects, this technique is often applied through the delivery of dsRNA. In the adult female Aedes aegypti, a main vector of human-infecting arboviruses, efficiency of gene silencing following dsRNA injection varies greatly according to targeted genes. Difficult knockdowns using dsRNA can thus hamper gene function analysis. Here, by analysing silencing of three different genes in female Ae. aegypti (p400, ago2 and E75), we show that gene silencing can indeed be dsRNA sequence dependent but different efficiencies do not correlate with dsRNA length. Our findings suggest that silencing is likely also gene dependent, probably due to gene-specific tissue expression and/or feedback mechanisms. We demonstrate that use of high doses of dsRNA can improve knockdown efficiency, and injection of a transfection reagent along with dsRNA reduces the variability in efficiency between replicates. Finally, we show that gene silencing cannot be achieved using siRNA injection in Ae. aegypti adult females. Overall, this work should help future gene function analyses using RNAi in adult females Ae. aegypti, leading toward a better understanding of physiological and infectious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McFarlane
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Laureti
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - T Levée
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Terry
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Pondeville
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
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28
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Lin Q, Liang Q, Qin C, Li Y. CircANKRD36 Knockdown Suppressed Cell Viability and Migration of LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells by Sponging MiR-330. Inflammation 2021; 44:2044-2053. [PMID: 34041646 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with sepsis. In this study, we attempt to investigate the molecular mechanism of circANKRD36 underlying sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS in vitro. We first detected the altered circRNAs in serums of patients with sepsis-induced ARDS using circRNAs microarray. CircANKRD36 expression in serums and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was measured using qRT-PCR. CCK-8, cell migration, ELISA, and qRT-PCR were applied to the evaluation of cell biological behavior and inflammation reaction. The results showed that circANKRD36 expression was significantly elevated in serum of patients with sepsis-induced ARDS. Knockdown of circANKRD36 inhibited cell viability and migration and alleviated inflammation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated (LPS-stimulated) RAW264.7 cells. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that circANKRD36 serves as a sponge for miR-330 and ROCK1 was directly targeted by miR-330. Furthermore, knockdown of circANKRD36 repressed ROCK1 expression by targeting miR-330. In short, circANKRD36 knockdown suppressed cell viability and migration of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro via sponging miR-330, which may provide new ideas for the treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, No. 18, Zhongshan Second Road, Yooujiang District, Baise City, 533000, China.
| | - Qiong Liang
- Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Chunyan Qin
- Respiratory Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, 533000, China
| | - Yueyong Li
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise City, 533000, China
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29
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Zhang L, Zhu Z, Zhang Q, Mao Z. The upregulation of miR-204-3p in LPS-induced acute lung injury aggravated pulmonary endothelial cells apoptosis via targeting sulfatase 2. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:217-222. [PMID: 34033710 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) results from the injury of alveolar epithelial cells and pulmonary capillary endothelial cells, with a high mortality rate ranging from 29% to 42%. Therefore, more efficient therapeutic strategies for ALI are necessary. Numerous studies revealed that miRNAs play a role in the regulation of ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce an inflammatory response and has been widely applied in the establishment of the mouse ALI model. Here, we reported that miR-204-3p expression was upregulated by LPS treatment with increased cytokine secretion. LPS treatment promoted cell apoptosis, accompanied by abnormal cell structure and unobvious alveolar structure. These effects could be prevented by down-regulation of miR-204-3p, and promoted by miR-204-3p overexpression. Sulfatase 2 (SULF2) appeared to be the target of miR-204-3p predicted by TargetScan. Downregulation of miR-204-3p enhanced the protein level of SULF2, indicating that SULF2 was a target of miR-204-3p, which could negatively regulate the expression of SULF2. Thus, targeting miR-204-3p may be a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164, China
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Su Y, Xie R, Xu Q. Upregulation of miR-1266-5p serves as a prognostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma and facilitates tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:293-300. [PMID: 34006084 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of microRNA-1266-5p (miR-1266-5p) in HCC patients and investigate its biological function in HCC progression. METHODS The expression of miR-1266-5p in tissues and cells was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect HCC cell proliferation. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of miR-1266-5p in HCC patients. The relationship between miR-1266-5p and DAB2IP was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Relative expression of miR-1266-5p in tumor tissues, tissues from patients with advanced TNM stage (III-IV) and HCC cells was increased compared with that in corresponding control group. MiR-1266-5p expression was significantly associated with tumor size and TNM stage in HCC patients. Elevated expression of miR-1266-5p was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients and served as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. Overexpression of miR-1266-5p significantly promoted, while miR-1266-5p knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. DAB2IP could directly bind to the miR-1266-5p. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that elevated expression of miR-1266-5p can predict the poor prognosis of HCC patients, and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Therefore, we predict that miR-1266-5p may be a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Ruizhu Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong, China
| | - Qinyan Xu
- Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong, Chin
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Ren H, Mu W, Xu Q. miR-19a-3p inhibition alleviates sepsis-induced lung injury via enhancing USP13 expression. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:201-206. [PMID: 33966370 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by various pathogenic microorganisms or toxins. Lung damage is one of the causes of death in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-19a-3p and its regulation mechanism in sepsis-induced lung injury. MH-S cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish sepsis-induced lung injury cell model. C57BL/6 mice were injected with miR-19a-3p antagomiR and LPS to construct animal model. LPS-treated and control cells were transfected with miR-19a-3p mimic, miR-19a-3p inhibitor or USP13 expression vector . The expression levels of miR-19a-3p and USP13 were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The concentration of inflammatory cytokines was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship of miR-19a-3p and USP13 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. The lung damage was assessed with hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The results showed that LPS treatment increased the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in MH-S cells. In LPS treated MH-S cells, the level of miR-19a-3p gradually increased over time. Both miR-19a-3p knockdown and USP13 overexpression in MH-S cells inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, miR-19a-3p negatively regulated the expression of USP13 in MH-S cells. Furthermore, miR-19a-3p inhibitor suppressed lung damage in sepsis model mice. In conclusion, miR-19a-3p knockdown could alleviate sepsis-induced lung injury through enhancing USP13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Ren
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), The 942 Hospital of PLA, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750001, China
| | - Wei Mu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 942 Hospital of PLA, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750001, China
| | - Qiaolian Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Nanjing First Hospital-Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China
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Xing C, Yan G, Liu Q. Inhibition of GPR4 attenuates SH-SY5Y cell injury in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via anti-apoptotic pathways. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:181-186. [PMID: 33826840 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) can lead to increased vascular endothelial permeability and blood-brain barrier damage in patients with stroke. G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is a functional pH sensor that plays a key role in renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced apoptosis. However, whether GPR4 has a role in cerebral ischemia remains to be further studied. Our study found that after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment, the levels of GPR4 and CHOP in SH-SY5Y cells were significantly increased, which was accompanied by a decrease in cell viability, and an increase in LDH release and apoptosis. After knockdown of GPR4 using shRNA, CHOP levels in SH-SY5Y cells were also decreased, which unexpectedly increased cell activity and decreased LDH release and apoptosis rate. Interestingly, CHOP overexpression reversed the effect of GPR4 knockdown, suggesting that OGD/R-induced CIRI may involve endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis. In conclusion, our study provided a basis for further research on the mechanism of CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Xing
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Lixia District of Jinan, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Guizhen Yan
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Lixia District of Jinan, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Qishuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 255200, China
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Wright K, de Silva K, Plain KM, Purdie AC, Blair TA, Duggin IG, Britton WJ, Oehlers SH. Mycobacterial infection-induced miR-206 inhibits protective neutrophil recruitment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling axis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009186. [PMID: 33826679 PMCID: PMC8055004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria actively dysregulate protective host immune signalling pathways during infection to drive the formation of permissive granuloma microenvironments. Dynamic regulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a conserved feature of mycobacterial infections across host-pathogen pairings. Here we examine the role of miR-206 in the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection, which allows investigation of the early stages of granuloma formation. We find miR-206 is upregulated following infection by pathogenic M. marinum and that antagomir-mediated knockdown of miR-206 is protective against infection. We observed striking upregulation of cxcl12a and cxcr4b in infected miR-206 knockdown zebrafish embryos and live imaging revealed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection. We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of cxcl12a and cxcr4b expression and AMD3100 inhibition of Cxcr4 to show that the enhanced neutrophil response and reduced bacterial burden caused by miR-206 knockdown was dependent on the Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling axis. Together, our data illustrate a pathway through which pathogenic mycobacteria induce host miR-206 expression to suppress Cxcl12/Cxcr4 signalling and prevent protective neutrophil recruitment to granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wright
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karren M. Plain
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Auriol C. Purdie
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamika A. Blair
- ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iain G. Duggin
- ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Warwick J. Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan H. Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang J, Li N, Lu S, Chen Y, Shan L, Zhao X, Xu Y. The role of Notch ligand Jagged1 in osteosarcoma proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:226. [PMID: 33781318 PMCID: PMC8006358 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer occurring in young adults and the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic osteosarcoma is less than 30% due to high metastatic recurrence and drug resistance. Notch is a highly conserved cell to cell signaling pathway in evolution, and Jagged1 is an important ligand of Notch. Although some studies have found that Notch receptors and ligands including Jagged1 were highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cells, the role of Jagged1 in osteosarcoma progression and metastasis are still not clear. METHODS Tumor tissues were collected from 68 patients and immunohistochemical staining was employed to group these patients by expression of Jagged1. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Jagged1. We used siRNA to knockdown the expression of Jagged1 in F5M2 cells. Colony formation assay and MTT were employed to detect and analyze the proliferation of F5M2 cells with or without knockdown of Jagged1. Transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion of F5M2 cells. RESULTS In this study, we found that the high expression of Jagged1 is closely related to the metastasis and recurrence of osteosarcoma in 68 clinical specimens. The expression of Jagged1 in F5M2 cells with high metastasis was significantly higher than that in F4 cells with low metastasis. Knockdown of Jagged1 led to lower ability of proliferation, migration, and invasion in F5M2 cells. CONCLUSION The high expression of Jagged1 is closely related to the metastasis and recurrence of osteosarcoma. Knockdown of Jagged1 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Our results suggested that knockdown of Jagged1 may be a potentially effective treatment for metastatic osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Lequn Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xingcheng Zhao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 169#, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Daguan Road 212#, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Nong Y, Li S, Liu W, Zhang X, Fan L, Chen Y, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Liu F. Aquaporin 3 promotes human extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:49. [PMID: 33781292 PMCID: PMC8006384 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Does aquaporin 3 (AQP3) affect the migration and invasion of human extravillous trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo) cells? METHOD OF STUDY A lentivirus infection system was used to construct stable cell lines with either AQP3 knockdown or overexpression. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to verify the efficiencies of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression in HTR8/Svneo cells at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays were used to detect the influence of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of HTR8/Svneo cells. In addition, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were used to detect the effects of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression on migration and invasion capabilities of HTR8/Svneo cells. An Agilent gene chip was used to screen for significant differentially expressed genes after AQP3 knockdown. Finally, mechanisms by which AQP3 influences the migration and invasion of HTR8/Svneo cells were explored using bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS Compared with controls, migration and invasion capabilities of HTR8/Svneo cells were significantly reduced after AQP3 knockdown, and significantly increased after AQP3 overexpression. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of gene chip expression profiles indicated downregulation of genes related to adhesion such as PDGF-B, as well as signaling pathways (such as PIK3/AKT, NF-κB, and TNF) after AQP3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS AQP3 could significantly promote migration and invasion capabilities of human extravillous trophoblasts, it may mediate embryo invasion and adhesion to endometrium by regulating PDGF-B, PIK3/AKT signaling pathways, although this requires further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Nong
- grid.412601.00000 0004 1760 3828The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shifen Li
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Shenzhen City Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lin Fan
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ye Chen
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Qianwen Huang
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- grid.459579.3Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
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Peng W, Liu Y, Qi H, Li Q. Alpha-actinin-4 is essential for maintaining normal trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during early pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:48. [PMID: 33757527 PMCID: PMC7986381 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper differentiation of trophoblasts in the human placenta is essential for a successful pregnancy, whereas abnormal regulation of this process may lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially preeclampsia (PE). However, the underlying mechanism of trophoblast differentiation remains unclear. Previous studies have reported the involvement of alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) in the actin cytoskeleton dynamics and motility. Hence, we hypothesized that ACTN4 may act as an important regulator in the normal proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts during early pregnancy. METHOD To test this hypothesis, we collected villous tissues from women undergoing a legal pregnancy termination during 6-10 weeks of gestation and explanted them for cell culture and siRNA transfection. We also obtained placental tissues from PE patients and healthy pregnant women and isolated the primary cytotrophoblast (CTB) cells. The expression of ACTN4 in the CTBs of placental villi and during the differentiation of CTBs into STBs was detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and EdU proliferation assays. Besides, villous explant, Matrigel invasion, transwell migration assay, and Wound-healing assay were performed to identify the possible role of ACTN4 in the outgrowth of explants and the invasion, migration, and proliferation of cell column trophoblasts (CCTs). Western blot analysis was carried out to compare the protein expression level of AKT, Snail activities, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the villi or HTR8/SVneo cells with ACTN4 knockdown. RESULTS ACTN4 was highly expressed in CTB cells and interstitial extravillous trophoblast (iEVT) cells but not found in the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) cells in the first trimester villi. Downregulation of ACTN4 led to reduced trophoblast proliferation and explant outgrowth ex vivo, as well as iEVT invasion and migration in vitro due to disrupt of actin filaments organization. Such ACTN4 inhibition also decreased AKT and Snail activities and further impeded the EMT process. In addition, ACTN4 expression was found to be downregulated in the iEVTs from preeclamptic placentas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ACTN4 may act as an important regulator of trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during early pregnancy, and dysregulation of this protein may contribute to preeclampsia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingshu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Rd, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, China.
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Lv F, Zhong Y, Sang L, Wu X. MiR-1179 is downregulated in cervical cancer and its overexpression suppresses cancer cells invasion by targeting CHAF1A/ZEB1. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:193-199. [PMID: 33740340 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effect of miR-1179 has been extensively studied in many tumors. The mechanism of miR-1179 action in cervical cancer, however, remains largely unknown. In the present study, miR-1179 was downregulated in both cervical cancer cell lines and cancer tissues. In addition, miR-1179 mimic suppressed cancer cells invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer SiHa and Caski cells. We found that chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A (CHAF1A) might be a direct target of miR-1179 and could be regulated by miR-1179. Furthermore, CHAF1A shRNA suppressed the cervical cancer cells invasion and the expression of EMT-promoted proteins. Reversely, CHAF1A overexpression not only promoted cervical cancer cells invasion but also upregulated the level of Zinc finger E-box binding protein 1 (ZEB1), an EMT-related protein. The induction of ZEB1 could be counteracted by miR-1179 overexpression. It was observed that in cervical cancer patients' tissues, miR-1179 was downregulated while the pathway of CHAF1A/ZEB1 was upregulated. In summary, our research indicated that the miR-1179 might regulate CHAF1A/ZEB1 axis and inhibit the invasion of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahui Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230011, China
| | - Youwen Zhong
- School of Economics and Finance, School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province,710061, China
| | - Ling Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The No.2 People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230011, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
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Arora AK, Chung SH, Douglas AE. Non-Target Effects of dsRNA Molecules in Hemipteran Insects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030407. [PMID: 33809132 PMCID: PMC8000911 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pest control by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene expression knockdown can be undermined by many factors, including small sequence differences between double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and the target gene. It can also be compromised by effects that are independent of the dsRNA sequence on non-target organisms (known as sequence-non-specific effects). This study investigated the species-specificity of RNAi in plant sap-feeding hemipteran pests. We first demonstrated sequence-non-specific suppression of aphid feeding by dsRNA at dietary concentrations ≥0.5 µg µL−1. Then we quantified the expression of NUC (nuclease) genes in insects administered homologous dsRNA (with perfect sequence identity to the target species) or heterologous dsRNA (generated against a related gene of non-identical sequence in a different insect species). For the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum and Myzus persicae, significantly reduced NUC expression was obtained with the homologous but not heterologous dsRNA at 0.2 µg µL−1, despite high dsNUC sequence identity. Follow-up experiments demonstrated significantly reduced expression of NUC genes in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and mealybug Planococcus maritimus administered homologous dsNUCs, but not heterologous aphid dsNUCs. Our demonstration of inefficient expression knockdown by heterologous dsRNA in these insects suggests that maximal dsRNA sequence identity is required for RNAi targeting of related pest species, and that heterologous dsRNAs at appropriate concentrations may not be a major risk to non-target sap-feeding hemipterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinder K. Arora
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.H.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Seung Ho Chung
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.H.C.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Angela E. Douglas
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (S.H.C.); (A.E.D.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Despite recent advance in our understanding on the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the function of the vast majority of lncRNAs remains poorly understood. To characterize the function of lncRNAs, knockdown studies are essential. However, the conventional silencing methods for mRNA, such as RNA interference (RNAi), may not be as efficient against lncRNAs, partly due to the mismatch of the localization of lncRNAs and RNAi machinery. To circumvent such limitation, a new technique has recently been developed, i.e., locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmers. This system utilizes RNase H that distributes evenly in both nucleus and cytoplasm and is expected to knock down lncRNAs of interest more consistently regardless of their localization in the cell. In this chapter, we describe the procedure with tips to silence lncRNAs by LNA gapmers, by using mouse nephron progenitor cells as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nishikawa
- School of Engineering, Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norimoto Yanagawa
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yoodee S, Peerapen P, Plumworasawat S, Thongboonkerd V. ARID1A knockdown in human endothelial cells directly induces angiogenesis by regulating angiopoietin-2 secretion and endothelial cell activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:1-13. [PMID: 33675830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is a novel tumor suppressor gene found in several human cells and its loss/defect is commonly observed in many cancers. However, its roles in angiogenesis, which is one of the hallmarks for tumor progression, remained unclear. Herein, we demonstrated the direct effects of ARID1A knockdown in human endothelial cells by lentivirus-based short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) (shARID1A) on angiogenesis. Functional assays revealed that shARID1A significantly enhanced cell proliferation and migration/invasion and endothelial tube formation compared with the control cells transfected with scramble shRNA (shControl). Additionally, the shARID1A-transfected cells had significantly increased podosome formation and secretion of angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), a key angiogenic factor. Moreover, neutralization of ANG2 with monoclonal anti-ANG2 antibody strongly reduced cell proliferation and migration/invasion and endothelial tube formation in the shARID1A-transfected cells. These findings indicate that down-regulation of ARID1A in human endothelial cells directly induces angiogenesis by regulating angiopoietin-2 secretion and endothelial cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sirikanya Plumworasawat
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Lin YF, Chen KC, Yang YK, Hsiao YH. Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) modulates susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3175-3186. [PMID: 33638112 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5), a member of the CRMP family, is expressed in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that can modulate stress responses. Social stress has a well-known detrimental effect on health and can lead to depression, but not all individuals are equally sensitive to stress. To date, researchers have not conclusively determined how social stress increases the susceptibility of the brain to depression. Here, we used the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model and observed higher hippocampal CRMP5 expression in stress-susceptible (SS) mice than in control and stress-resilient (RES) mice. A negative correlation was observed between the expression levels of CRMP5 and the social interaction (SI) ratio. Reduced hippocampal CRMP5 expression increased the SI ratio in SS mice, whereas CRMP5 overexpression was sufficient to induce social avoidance behaviors in control mice following exposure to subthreshold social stress induced by lentivirus-based overexpression and inducible tetracycline-on strategies to upregulate CRMP5. Interestingly, increased CRMP5 expression in SS and lenti-CRMP5-treated mice also caused serum corticosterone concentrations to increase. These findings improve our understanding of the potential mechanism by which CRMP5 triggers susceptibility to social stress, and they support the further development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of stress disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kao Chin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Liu F, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Ning P, Zhang Y, Sun H, Li G. Knockdown of AURKA sensitizes the efficacy of radiation in human colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2021; 271:119148. [PMID: 33545203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Abnormally amplified expression of AURKA (aurora kinase A) is closely related to chemo-resistance in human colorectal cancer, lung cancer and leukemia. However, the biological role of AURKA in response to radio-sensitivity in human colorectal cancer is still unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the radio-sensitize ability of perturbation AURKA in human colorectal cancer. MAIN METHODS The knockdown effect of shAURKA was determined by western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. Cell growth was determined by CCK-8 and clonogenic assay. Cell migration and metastasis was measured by wound healing assay and transwell invasive assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The alteration of down-stream targets was determined by western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS We observed that high-level of AURKA expression is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients receiving radiotherapy. Knockdown of AURKA significantly sensitizes the efficacy of radiation on the proliferation of HCT116 and HT-29 cells. The combination of AURKA inhibition and radiation could effectively suppress the ability of cell migration and metastasis, but also synergistically induce cellular apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase. Further studies demonstrated that knockdown AURKA markedly enhanced the efficacy of radiation through elevated PARP cleavage and induced AURKA-mediated pro-apoptosis factor BIM. Meanwhile, knockdown of AURKA in combination with radiation synergistically suppressed the regulator in blockage of G2/M phase, CDK2. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results provide the evidence that targeted inhibition of AURKA could be a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of radiation for the treatment of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Peifang Ning
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules containing 18-22 nucleotides that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. Loss-of-function studies are the fundamental strategy to examine miRNA function and target genes in cellular and molecular biology. Traditional methods for miRNA loss-of-function studies include miRNA-specific antisense inhibitors, miRNA sponges, and genetic knockout. However, efficiency, specificity, and stability of these methods are not adequate. Our study suggests that CRISPR/Cas9 is an economic, convenient, and innovative strategy with high efficiency, specificity, and stability for the modulation of miRNA expression. Herein, we describe a detailed protocol for knocking out miRNA genes in vitro and in vivo with the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yi
- Department of Genetics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kristina Larter
- Department of Genetics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Abstract
CRISPR-mediated interference (CRISPRi), a robust and specific system for programmably repressing transcription, provides a versatile tool for systematically characterizing the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). When used with highly parallel, lentiviral pooled screening approaches, CRISPRi enables the targeted knockdown of tens of thousands of lncRNA-expressing loci in a single screen. Here we describe the use of CRISPRi to target lncRNA loci in a pooled screen, using cell growth and proliferation as an example of a phenotypic readout. Considerations for custom lncRNA-targeting libraries, alternative phenotypic readouts, and orthogonal validation approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S John Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Max A Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Yuan H, Zhang W, Fu Y, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Zhai S, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H, Wu Y. MnFtz-f1 Is Required for Molting and Ovulation of the Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:798577. [PMID: 34987481 PMCID: PMC8721877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.798577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molting and ovulation are the basic processes responsible for the growth and reproduction of Macrobrachium nipponense; however, the molecular mechanisms of molting and ovulation in M. nipponense are poorly understood. The present study aimed to use MnFtz-f1 as the starting point to study the molting and ovulation phenomena in M. nipponense at the molecular level. The full-length MnFtz-f1 cDNA sequence was 2,198 base pairs (bp) in length with an open reading frame of 1,899 bp encoding 632 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MnFtz-f1 was highly expressed in the ovary at the cleavage stage and on the fifth day after hatching. In vivo administration of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) showed that 20E effectively inhibited the expression of the MnFtz-f1 gene, and the silencing of the MnFtz-f1 gene reduced the content of 20E in the ovary. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis revealed the localization of MnFtz-f1 in the ovary. Silencing of MnFtz-f1 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in significant inhibition of the expression of the vitellogenin (Vg), Spook, and Phantom genes, thus confirming that MnFtz-f1 had a mutual regulatory relationship with Vg, Spook, and Phantom. After RNAi, the molting frequency and ovulation number of M. nipponense decreased significantly, which demonstrated that MnFtz-f1 played a pivotal role in the process of molting and ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yin Fu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Qiao, ; Hongtuo Fu,
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Qiao, ; Hongtuo Fu,
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Zhang B, Han X, Gao Q, Liu J, Li S, Zha W, Wang X, Guo X, Gao D. Enhancer II-targeted dsRNA decreases GDNF expression via histone H3K9 trimethylation to inhibit glioblastoma progression. Brain Res Bull 2020; 167:22-32. [PMID: 33278485 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is expressed in both astrocytes and glioblastoma (GBM) cells. GDNF expression is significantly increased in GBM, and inhibiting its expression can retard GBM progression. However, there is no known method for specific inhibition of GDNF in GBM cells. METHODS Promoter-targeted dsRNA-induced transcriptional gene silencing or activation was recently achieved in human cells. This approach has the potential to specifically regulate gene transcription via epigenetic modifications. In this study, we designed six candidate dsRNAs targeting the enhancer or silencer in GDNF gene promoter II to check their effects on GDNF transcription and GBM progression. RESULTS Among these dsRNAs, enhancer II-targeted dsRNA significantly inhibited U251 GBM progression by downregulating GDNF (P < 0.05), while silencer II-targeted dsRNA exerted an opposite effect. Moreover, enhancer II-targeted dsRNA did not significantly change GDNF expression in human astrocytes (HA) and the proliferation and migration of HA cells (P > 0.05). Bisulfate PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that both DNA methylation and trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) at silencer II-targeted region significantly increased, and H3K9me3 at enhancer II-targeted region significantly decreased, in U251 cells compared with HA cells in non-intervention condition (P < 0.05). Both enhancer II- and silencer II-targeted dsRNA significantly increased H3K9me3 methylation rather than DNA at the targeted site in U251 cells (P < 0.05). The expression and activity of histone methyltransferase SETDB1 increased dramatically in U251 cells compared with HA cells, and it was recruited to enhancer II targeting region after enhancer II-targeted dsRNA treatment in U251 cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that a promoter-targeted dsRNA can silence or promote gene transcription depending on its targeted site in different cis-acting elements in the gene promoter. Targeted inhibition of GDNF by enhancer II-targeted dsRNA may be explored as a novel treatment for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baole Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Saisai Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zha
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Chakma K, Gu Z, Abudurexiti Y, Hata T, Motoi F, Unno M, Horii A, Fukushige S. Epigenetic inactivation of IRX4 is responsible for acceleration of cell growth in human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:4594-4604. [PMID: 32894817 PMCID: PMC7734003 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation is one of the important mechanisms leading to loss of key cellular pathways in tumorigenesis. Methyl-CpG-targeted transcriptional activation (MeTA) reactivates hypermethylation-mediated silenced genes in a different way from DNA-demethylating agents. Microarray coupled with MeTA (MeTA-array) identified seven commonly hypermethylation-mediated silenced genes in 12 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. Among these, we focused on IRX4 (Iroquois homeobox 4) because IRX4 is located at chromosome 5p15.33 where PDAC susceptibility loci have been identified through genome-wide association study. IRX4 was greatly downregulated in all of the analyzed 12 PDAC cell lines by promoter hypermethylation. In addition, the IRX4 promoter region was found to be frequently and specifically hypermethylated in primary resected PDACs (18/28: 64%). Reexpression of IRX4 inhibited colony formation and proliferation in two PDAC cell lines, PK-1 and PK-9. In contrast, knockdown of IRX4 accelerated cell proliferation in an IRX4-expressing normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line, HPDE-1. Because IRX4 is a sequence-specific transcription factor, downstream molecules of IRX4 were pursued by microarray analyses utilizing tetracycline-mediated IRX4 inducible PK-1 and PK-9 cells; CRYAB, CD69, and IL32 were identified as IRX4 downstream candidate genes. Forced expression of these genes suppressed colony formation abilities for both PK-1 and PK-9. These results suggest that DNA methylation-mediated silencing of IRX4 contributes to pancreatic tumorigenesis through aberrant transcriptional regulation of several cancer-related genes.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Knockdown Techniques/methods
- Gene Silencing
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Plasmids
- Protein Array Analysis
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Up-Regulation
- alpha-Crystallin B Chain/genetics
- alpha-Crystallin B Chain/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Chakma
- Division of PathologyTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Present address:
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ChittagongChittagongBangladesh
| | - Zhaodi Gu
- Division of PathologyTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | | | - Tatsuo Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Present address:
Department of Surgery IYamagata University Graduate School of Medical ScienceYamagataJapan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akira Horii
- Division of PathologyTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Present address:
Saka General HospitalShiogamaJapan
| | - Shinichi Fukushige
- Division of PathologyTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and DiseasesTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Yan J, Yu H, Shen J, Han C, Li C, Shen X, Li B. Early Over-Expressing of microRNA-145 Effectively Precludes the Development of Neuropathic Mechanical Hyperalgesia via Suppressing Nav1.8 in Diabetic Rats. Pain Physician 2020; 23:E673-E686. [PMID: 33185386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a common complication secondary to diabetes mellitus. Nav1.8 is an isoform of voltage-gated sodium channels and its expression regulation is closely related with PDN. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) is involved in the occurrence and development of neuropathic pain. TargetScan software has revealed that Nav1.8 (SCN10A) is the major target of miR-145. However, its function between miR-145 and Nav1.8 in PDN is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aim to explore the regulatory effect of miR-145 on the expression and function of Nav1.8, which plays a pivotal role in precluding the advancement of neuropathic mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic pain. STUDY DESIGN An experimental, animal study. SETTING An animal research facility at Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, China. METHODS The paw mechanical withdrawal threshold (PMWT) of rats was assessed with the von Frey test. The adverse regulation of Nav1.8 by miR-145 was confirmed by a dual luciferase detection system in HEK293T cells. The mRNA level and expression of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), western blotting and immunofluorescence assays following intrathecal injection of agomiR-145 in vitro and in vivo. Whole-cell patch-clamping was applied to assess alterations in the tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium current (Nav1.8) in DRGs. RESULTS The PMWT was significantly decreased in rats following streptozotocin (STZ) injection on Day 7 and was maintained at a lower level on Day 28; this change was accompanied by changes in the expression of Nav1.8 in DRG neurons, which was increased 3 days after STZ injection and reached a maximal level on Day 14. The early knockdown of Nav1.8 with siRNA or agomiR-145 treatment on Day 8 effectively precluded the deterioration of pain behaviors in STZ-treated rats. The luciferase intensity was significantly decreased in HEK293T cells expressing wild-type SCN10A infected with miR-145 mimic. In addition, Nav1.8 overexpression was significantly repressed via overexpression of miR-145 in cultured DRG neurons, and neuronal hyperexcitability was concomitantly decreased. Furthermore, the intrathecal administration of agomiR-145 elicited a significant decrease in Nav1.8 expression in DRG neurons from STZ-treated rats on Day 14. LIMITATIONS The causes of PDN are likely to be multifactorial and inflammatory markers, such as IL-6, IL-2, and TNF-?, are elevated in hyperglycemia and might be the precipitating factors that contribute to miR-145 dysregulation. The curative effect of miR-145 upregulation in reversal of pain behaviors at the stage of well-established PDN wasn't investigated in this study. CONCLUSION Early infection with a lentiviral vector overexpressing miR-145 adversely regulated the expression and function of TTX-resistant Nav1.8 and abrogated the development of PDN. Therefore, miR-145 might be a potential therapeutic target for preventing PDN in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiling Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuicui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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He LL, Shin SH, Wang Z, Yuan I, Weschler R, Chiou A, Koyama T, Nijhout HF, Suzuki Y. Mechanism of threshold size assessment: Metamorphosis is triggered by the TGF-beta/Activin ligand Myoglianin. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 126:103452. [PMID: 32822817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanisms that control growth are now well understood, the mechanism by which animals assess their body size remains one of the great puzzles in biology. The final larval instar of holometabolous insects, after which growth stops and metamorphosis begins, is specified by a threshold size. We investigated the mechanism of threshold size assessment in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The threshold size was found to change depending on the amount of exposure to poor nutrient conditions whereas hypoxia treatment consistently led to a lower threshold size. Under these various conditions, the mass of the muscles plus integuments was correlated with the threshold size. Furthermore, the expression of myoglianin (myo) increased at the threshold size in both M. sexta and Tribolium castaneum. Knockdown of myo in T. castaneum led to larvae that underwent supernumerary larval molts and stayed in the larval stage permanently even after passing the threshold size. We propose that increasing levels of Myo produced by the growing tissues allow larvae to assess their body size and trigger metamorphosis at the threshold size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrie L He
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Sara H Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Isabelle Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Ruthie Weschler
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Allison Chiou
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, 106 Central St., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant cell chassis for biopharmaceutical production. Engineering cellular pathways related to cell death, metabolism, and glycosylation in CHO cells is desired but challenging. Here, we present a novel approach that exploits CRISPR-Cas13d for gene silencing and CHO cell engineering. CRISPR-Cas13d is a burgeoning system that exploits Cas13d nuclease and guide RNA (gRNA) for RNA cleavage and gene knockdown. We first showed that CRISPR-Cas13d effectively knocked down exogenous genes in CHO cell lines (K1, DG44, and DUXB11) commonly used for recombinant protein production. We next demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas13d robustly suppressed the expression of exogenous genes and various endogenous genes involved in gene amplification, apoptosis, metabolism, and glycosylation (e.g., GS, BAK, BAX, PDK1, and FUT8) in CHO cells with efficiencies ranging from 60% to 80%, simply by transient transfection. By integrating the entire CRISPR-Cas13d system with the Sleeping Beauty system and optimal gRNA design, we further improved the knockdown efficiency and rapidly generated stable cells with ≈80%-90% knockdown. With this approach, we knocked down FUT8 expression for >90% and significantly attenuated the IgG fucosylation. These data altogether implicated the potentials of CRISPR-Cas13d for gene regulation, glycoengineering, and cell engineering of CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Che Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
| | - Bao Khanh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
| | | | - Mai Thanh Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 72711, Vietnam
| | - Yi-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30003, Taiwan
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