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Sang S, Tan Q, Chai Q, Jiang J, Wu K, Xiao P, Zhao D, Guo X, Yang Z, Dong X, Ge Y. Magneto-Mechanical Coupling Study of Magnetorheological Elastomer Thin Films for Sensitivity Enhancement. ACS Sens 2024; 9:406-414. [PMID: 38183297 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomer thin films (MREFs) exhibit remarkable deformability and an adjustable modulus under magnetic fields, rendering them promising in fields such as robotics, flexible sensors, and biomedical engineering. Here, we fabricated MREF by introducing magnetostrictive particles (MSPs) and evaluated the magneto-mechanical coupling effect on the enhancement of sensitivity. The saturation magnetization (Ms) in a parallel anisotropic TbDyFe-PDMS MREF was 5.8 emu/g, and the initial tensile modulus was 55% greater than that of an Iso MREF. We propose a nonlinear magnetorheological formula on the magnetostriction effect, incorporating magnetic dipole interactions and the nonlinear prestress of magnetic particles. This formula highlights the complex nonlinear relationship between the external magnetic field (H) and the key parameters that affect the enhanced MR effect of MSPs-MREF, such as saturation magnetization, remanence (Mr), magnetostriction constant (λs) and stress deviator in ferromagnetic particles (Sed) in the magnetic chain structure. Furthermore, we validate the influence of the key parameters of the rectified magnetorheological formula on a nonlinear magneto-mechanical behavior of MSPs-MREF in PDMS-based MSPs-MREF models by using finite-element simulations. Finally, we developed a biosensor based on MSPs-MREF to detect human serum albumin at low concentrations in human urine samples. There is a 4-fold increase in sensitivity, a lower detection of limit (0.442 μg/mL), and a faster response time (15 min) than traditional biosensors, which in the future might provide an effective way of detecting biomolecules of low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiuyun Tan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiaolin Jiang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kaile Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Pengli Xiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhuoqing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yang Ge
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Li Y, Ma L, Xiong Y, Shi J, Zhang F, Chai Q, Hu G, Liu Y. Delivering Relaxin Plasmid by Polymeric Metformin Lipid Nanoparticles for Liver Fibrosis Treatment. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:431-437. [PMID: 37032506 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230407135026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis usually progresses to liver cirrhosis and even results in hepatocellular carcinoma, which accounts for one million deaths annually worldwide. To date, anti-liver fibrosis drugs for clinical treatment have not yet been approved. Nowadays, as a natural regulator, Relaxin (RLX) has received increased attention because the expression of RLX could deactivate the activation of hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) and resolve liver fibrosis. However, its application in treatment is limited due to the short half-life in circulation and low accumulation within the target organ. METHODS To address these problems, a kind of polymeric metformin (PolyMet)-loaded relaxin plasmid (pRLX) core-membrane lipid nanoparticle (PolyMet-pRLX-LNPs, PRLNP) was prepared. Here, PolyMet was used as a carrier to replace the traditional polymer polyethylene diene (PEI), which is of higher toxicity, to prolong the circulation time of pRLX in vivo. Then, the antifibrotic ability of PRLNP to overcome liver fibrosis was carried out in C57BL/6 mice. It is worth mentioning that this is the first time to investigate the potential of PRLNP in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. RESULTS The results showed that PRLNP effectively downregulated fibrosis-related biomarkers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Meanwhile, histopathological examinations also showed low collagen accumulation, revealing that PRLNP could histologically and functionally alleviate liver fibrosis. In addition, no significant difference in serum biochemical value between the PRLNP and the normal group, suggesting the safety profile of PRLNP. CONCLUSION This research proposed a novel non-toxic treatment method for liver fibrosis with a nanosystem to effectively treat liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingbin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gengshan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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Zhao J, Duan X, Yan S, Liu Y, Wang K, Hu M, Chai Q, Liu L, Ge C, Jia J, Dou T. Transcriptomics reveals the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula on improving bone quality in broiler. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103044. [PMID: 37717480 PMCID: PMC10507442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorder is of concern to the poultry industry as it affects animal welfare and production performance. Traditional Chinese medicine could improve bone quality and reduce the incidence of bone disease, but the molecular regulation of Chinese medicine formula (CMF) on improving bone quality in broilers is still unclear. This study was performed to research the effects of CMF on skeletal performance of Cobb broilers and reveal the molecular regulation. A total of 120 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups of 30 chickens, with 5 replicates and 6 chickens in each replicate. The control (CON) group was fed a diet without CMF, while the CMF1, CMF2, and CMF3 groups were supplemented with different CMF at 6,000 mg/kg diet, respectively. The broilers were raised to 60 d of age, then bone tissues were collected for biomechanical properties, micro-CT detection and transcriptomic sequencing analysis. The results showed that CMF3 improved the biomechanical properties of broiler tibia, via increasing the elastic modulus (P < 0.05), yield strength (P > 0.05), maximum stress (P < 0.05) and fracture stress (P < 0.05) of the tibia. Micro-CT analysis indicated that CMF3 increased the bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface density (BS/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and decreased the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of femur cancellous bone (P < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis revealed 2,177 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FoldChange| ≥ 1, FDR < 0.05) between the CMF3 group and CON group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis showed 13 pathways mostly associated with bone growth and development and bone metabolism, and we identified 39 bone-related DEGs. This study suggests that CMF3 could improve bone strength and bone microstructure of broilers, and showed a positive effect on bone performance. Our research could provide a theoretical reference for the development of pollution-free feed additives to improve the skeletal performance of broilers, which could help promote healthy farming of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Lixian Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China; Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, 650031 Kunming, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, China.
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Liu F, Chen H, Chai Q, Yang S, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Dong D. [Discussion on the Authenticity Verification Method in the Verification of Medical Device Registration Quality Management System]. Zhongguo Yi Liao Qi Xie Za Zhi 2023; 47:309-311. [PMID: 37288634 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7104.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Authenticity verification is a very important aspect of medical device registration quality management system verification of medical device. How to verify the authenticity of samples is a problem worth discussing. This study analyzes the methods of authenticity verification from the aspects of product retention sample, registration inspection report, traceability of records, hardware facilities and equipment. In order to provide reference for relevant supervisors and inspectors in the verification of registration quality management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Liu
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Qian Chai
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Shenglin Yang
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Yunjuan Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
| | - Dandan Dong
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation and Inspection, Jinan, 250000
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Yu C, Chen X, Xu W, Li S, Chai Q, Zhang Y. Solvent-induced proteome profiling for proteomic quantitation and target discovery of small molecular drugs. Proteomics 2023:e2200281. [PMID: 36843329 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Target identification by modification-free proteomic approaches can potentially reveal the pharmacological mechanism of small molecular compounds. By combining the recent solvent-induced protein precipitation (SIP) method with TMT-labeling quantitative proteomics, we propose solvent-induced proteome profiling (SIPP) approach to identify small molecule-protein interactions. The SIPP approach enables to depict denaturation curves of the target protein by varying concentrations of organic solvents to induce unfolding and precipitation of the cellular proteome. By using this approach, we have successfully identified the known targets of market drugs and natural products and extended the proteome information of SIP for target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuzhen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Simin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Wang X, Zu X, Wang T, Zhao Y, Liang Y, Wang X, Chai Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wang H. N, S-Doped Carbon Dots Prepared by Peanut Protein Isolates and Cysteamine as Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Sensors for Fe 2+, Fe 3+ and Lactoferrin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010216. [PMID: 36616565 PMCID: PMC9823515 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with various biological activities that has been extensively used in food and medical applications. Several methods for detecting LF have been reported, but they still face challenges in terms of sensitivity and simplicity of detection. To achieve an accurate and efficient detection of LF, we developed a method for the determination of LF in lactoferrin supplements using carbon dots (CDs) fluorescent probes. The N, S-doped PPI carbon dots (N, S-PPI-CDs) were prepared using a protein (peanut protein isolate) and cysteamine as precursors. The prepared N, S-PPI-CDs exhibited intense blue fluorescence and good biocompatibility, while the fluorescence intensity of the N, S-PPI-CDs showed a good linear relationship with Fe2+/Fe3+ concentration (0-2 μM). The N, S-PPI-CDs exhibited a high potential ability to rapidly detect Fe2+/Fe3+ within 30 s, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.21 μM/0.17 μM. Due to the reversible binding of LF to Fe, the N, S-PPI-CDs showed a high sensitivity and selectivity for LF, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.92 μg/mL. In addition, LF was quantified in real sample LF supplements and showed a fluctuation in recovery of less than 2.48%, further demonstrating the effectiveness of the fluorescent N, S-PPI-CDs sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xinyu Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Food Sciences and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yunjuan Zhang
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Shandong Center for Food and Drug Evaluation & Inspection, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (H.W.)
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Wu W, Chai Q, Zhang Z. Inhibition of SGLT1 Alleviates the Glycemic Variability-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis via Inhibition of Activation of Macrophage and Cardiac Fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0028221. [PMID: 34842443 PMCID: PMC8852709 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00282-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability has been considered one of the predictors of diabetes complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this work, we evaluated whether glycemic variability induces cardiac fibrosis through regulating cardiac fibroblast activation and macrophage polarization. Moreover, we determined whether glucose transporter sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) plays an important role in this process. Glycemic variability-induced mice were established using DM mice (GVDM mice), and intermittent high-glucose (IHG) treatment was used to simulate glycemic variability in RAW264.7 macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts. The short hairpin RNA for SGLT1 was used to knock down SGLT1. The results showed that glycemic variability aggravated the cardiac fibrosis in GVDM mice. Additionally, glycemic variability promoted the expression of fibrogenic cytokine and the extracellular matrix proteins in left ventricular tissues and cardiac fibroblasts. GVDM mice showed a higher incidence of macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in left ventricular tissues. Moreover, IHG-promoted RAW264.7 macrophages tended to differentiate to M1 phenotype. SGLT1 knockdown alleviated cardiac fibrosis in GVDM mice and inhibited activations of cardiac fibroblast and macrophage M1 polarization. Our results indicated that glycemic variability aggravates cardiac fibrosis through activating cardiac fibroblast and macrophage M1 polarization, which could be partially inhibited by SGLT1 knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Q, Zhang Z, Chai Q, Shan Y, Lu D, Chen Y, Liu M, Wu W. Correlation Between Retinopathy and Coronary Microcirculation Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:2857-2863. [PMID: 35060405 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221074201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between retinopathy and coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods 198 T2DM patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)>50%, no epicardial coronary artery stenosis diagnosis by coronary angiography (CAG) and successfully completed coronary blood flow reserve (CFR) test and laboratory examination were enrolled, and fundus examination was performed on all participants. Two groups were divided according to CFR value, including 86 patients with CMD (CFR≤2.5) in study group and 112 patients without CMD (CFR>2.5) in control group. The composition of various retinopathy in two groups was observed, and the correlation between retinopathy and CMD was analyzed using ordered logistic regression. Results There were 13 cases with arteriovenous (A/V) nicking, 4 cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), 14 cases with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 17 cases with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with A/V nicking, 38 cases without retinopathy in study group, and 18 cases, 7 cases, 20 cases, 4 cases and 63 cases for each in control group. After adjustment for age, gender, hypertension, diabetes duration, dyslipidemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), A/V nicking, PDR and NPDR, the diference of DR with A/V nicking between study and control group remained statistically signifcant (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.79 to 3.21, p = 0.001). Conclusion DR with A/V nicking could be used as an independent predictor of T2DM patients with CMD. CFR testing should be performed on patients with this kind of eye sign, even if they do not have any symptoms of heart disease. Meanwhile, DR with A/V nicking might be served as a reference indicator of CMD in T2DM patients with chest pain who were unable to be tested for CFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexue Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Wu W, Chai Q, Zhang Z. Glucose fluctuation accelerates cardiac injury of diabetic mice via sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108968. [PMID: 34153296 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that blood glucose fluctuation is associated with complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). SGLT1 (sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1), is highly expressed in pathological conditions of heart, and is expressed in cardiomyocytes induced by high glucose. Herein, we constructed a diabetic mouse model with glucose fluctuation to investigate whether SGLT1 is involved in glucose fluctuation-induced cardiac injury. Echocardiography, histology examination, and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate cardiac dysfunction and damage. To assess glucose fluctuation-induced oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. To assess mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, and expression of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins were determined. The results indicated that diabetic mice with glucose fluctuation showed elevation of cardiac SGLT1 expression, left ventricular dysfunction, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Knockdown of SGLT1 could abrogate the effects of glucose fluctuation on cardiac injury. Thus, our study highlighted that SGLT1 plays an important role in glucose fluctuation induced cardiac injury through oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of General Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Chai Q, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Lu D, Liu M, Wu W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108983. [PMID: 34311023 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study is aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS We retrospect the consecutive medical files of 160 T2DM patients and recorded their clinical information and laboratory findings. Patients were divided into CMD group (n = 87) and non-CMD group (n = 73). We compared the NLR values of the two groups. Meanwhile we also observed the prevalence of CMD at different NLR levels. Then, logistic regression and ROC analysis were performed. RESULTS NLR value of CMD group was significantly lower than non-CMD group (2.01 ± 0.74 vs 2.53 ± 0.69, P<0.001). Prevalence of CMD in low (NLR ≤ 1.53, n = 30), medium (1.53 < NLR ≤ 2.20, n = 53) and high (NLR > 2.20, n = 77) group were 90%, 61.1%, and 39.2% respectively. The prevalence of CMD significantly increased as NLR level decreased. After adjusting potential related factors, NLR was still significantly correlated with CMD (OR = 0.295, 95 %CI:0.162-0.539, P < 0.001). The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.707 (95 %CI:0.627-0.786, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that NLR is associated with CMD in T2DM patients, and the prevalence of CMD may increase as NLR level decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexue Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Xia H, Zhong S, Zhao Y, Ren B, Wang Z, Shi Y, Chai Q, Wang X, Zhu M. Thymic Egress Is Regulated by T Cell-Derived LTβR Signal and via Distinct Thymic Portal Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707404. [PMID: 34276703 PMCID: PMC8281811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic blood vessels at the perivascular space (PVS) are the critical site for both homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and egress of mature thymocytes. It has been intriguing how different opposite migrations can happen in the same place. A subset of specialized thymic portal endothelial cells (TPECs) associated with PVS has been identified to function as the entry site for HPCs. However, the cellular basis and mechanism underlying egress of mature thymocytes has not been well defined. In this study, using various conventional and conditional gene-deficient mouse models, we first confirmed the role of endothelial lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) for thymic egress and ruled out the role of LTβR from epithelial cells or dendritic cells. In addition, we found that T cell-derived ligands lymphotoxin (LT) and LIGHT are required for thymic egress, suggesting a crosstalk between T cells and endothelial cells (ECs) for thymic egress control. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining analysis interestingly showed that TPECs are also the exit site for mature thymocytes. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of thymic endothelial cells suggested that TPECs are heterogeneous and can be further divided into two subsets depending on BST-1 expression level. Importantly, BST-1hi population is associated with thymic egressing thymocytes while BST-1lo/− population is associated with HPC settling. Thus, we have defined a LT/LIGHT-LTβR signaling–mediated cellular crosstalk regulating thymic egress and uncovered distinct subsets of TPECs controlling thymic homing and egress, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Sun Z, Chai Q, Zhang Z, Lu D, Meng Z, Wu W. Inhibition of SGLT1 protects against glycemic variability-induced cardiac damage and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic mice. Life Sci 2021; 271:119116. [PMID: 33508297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glycemic variability has been shown to be more harmful in the development of diabetic complication than sustained chronic hyperglycemia. In this present study, we tried to reveal the effects of glycemic variability on cardiac damage in diabetic mice and investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), an important cardiac glucose transporter, functions as an important mediator in the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) mice were induced by a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and then glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (GVDM) was induced by alternately injecting insulin and glucose to DM mice. In order to determine the roles of SGLT1 in GVDM mice, SGLT1 inhibition was performed using shRNA against SGLT1. The blood glucose level, the cardiac function and myocardial injury were assessed. And the expressions of SGLT1 and the activations of NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway and NF-κB in left ventricular tissues were measured. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that SGLT1 was highly expressed in heart of GVDM mice compared to control and DM groups, and knockdown of SGLT1 reduced glycemic variability in GVDM mice. Moreover, glycemic variability impaired cardiac function, aggravated cardiac injury and induced NLRP3/caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response and pyroptosis. And knockdown of SGLT1 significantly attenuated the cardiac damages that induced by glycemic variability. SIGNIFICANCE The results indicated that glycemic variability could cause cardiac damage and induce inflammatory response and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in diabetic mice, which could be partially blocked by SGLT1 silence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexue Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziang Meng
- Department of Urology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Qi X, Qiu J, Chang J, Ji Y, Yang Q, Cui G, Sun L, Chai Q, Qin J, Qiu J. Correction: Brg1 restrains the pro-inflammatory properties of ILC3s and modulates intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:277. [PMID: 32704034 PMCID: PMC7790742 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Qi
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jinxin Qiu
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jiali Chang
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yan Ji
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Qi Yang
- grid.413558.e0000 0001 0427 8745Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Guoliang Cui
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584T Cell Metabolism Group (D140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Liming Sun
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Qian Chai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ju Qiu
- grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
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14
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Chai Q, Miao J, Liu M, Zhang Z, Meng Z, Wu W. Knockdown of SGLT1 prevents the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by glucose fluctuation via relieving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 99:356-363. [PMID: 33259229 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in the concentration of glucose in the blood is more detrimental than a constantly high level of glucose with respect to the development of cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been developed as antidiabetic drugs with cardiovascular benefits; however, whether inhibition of SGLT1 protects the diabetic heart remains to be determined. This study investigated the role of SGLT1 in rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to fluctuating levels of glucose and the underlying mechanisms. The results indicated that knockdown of SGLT1 restored cell proliferation and suppressed the cytotoxicity associated with fluctuating glucose levels. Oxidative stress was induced in H9c2 cells subjected to fluctuating glucose levels, but these changes were effectively reversed by knockdown of SGLT1, as manifested by reductions in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and increased antioxidant activity. Further study demonstrated that knockdown of SGLT1 attenuated the mitochondrial dysfunction in H9c2 cells exposed to fluctuating glucose levels, by restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting mitochondrial fusion. In addition, knockdown of SGLT1 downregulated the expression of Bax, upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, and reduced the activation of caspase-3 in H9c2 cells subjected to fluctuating levels of glucose. Collectively, our results show that knockdown of SGLT1 ameliorates the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte caused by fluctuating glucose levels via regulating oxidative stress and combatting mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiajing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Meili Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ziang Meng
- Department of Urology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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15
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Pian Y, Chai Q, Ren B, Wang Y, Lv M, Qiu J, Zhu M. Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells Direct Goblet Cell Differentiation via the LT-LTβR Pathway during Listeria Infection. J Immunol 2020; 205:853-863. [PMID: 32591396 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a specialized subset of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), goblet cells (GCs) play an important role during the antibacterial response via mucin production. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in GC differentiation and function during infection, particularly the role of immune cell-IEC cross-talk, remain largely unknown. In this study, using Villin∆Ltbr conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that LTβR, expressed on IECs, is required for GC hyperplasia and mucin 2 (MUC2) expression during Listeria infection for host defense but not homeostatic maintenance in the naive state. Analysis of single gene-deficient mice revealed that the ligand lymphotoxin (LT), but not LIGHT, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), but not conventional T cells, are required for MUC2-dependent Listeria control. Conditional deficiency of LT in ILC3s further confirmed the importance of LT signals derived from ILC3s. Lack of ILC3-derived LT or IEC-derived LTβR resulted in the defective expression of genes related to GC differentiation but was not correlated with IEC proliferation and cell death, which were found to be normal by Ki-67 and Annexin V staining. In addition, the alternative NF-κB signaling pathway (involving RelB) in IECs was found to be required for the expression of GC differentiation-related genes and Muc2 and required for the anti-Listeria response. Therefore, our data together suggest a previously unrecognized ILC3-IEC interaction and LT-LTβR-RelB signaling axis governing GC differentiation and function during Listeria infection for host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Pian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qian Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Boyang Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
| | - Mengjie Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and
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16
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Wang W, Zhou X, Bian Y, Wang S, Chai Q, Guo Z, Wang Z, Zhu P, Peng H, Yan X, Li W, Fu YX, Zhu M. Dual-targeting nanoparticle vaccine elicits a therapeutic antibody response against chronic hepatitis B. Nat Nanotechnol 2020; 15:406-416. [PMID: 32123380 PMCID: PMC7223715 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is caused by prolonged infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can substantially increase the risk of developing liver disease. Despite the development of preventive vaccines against HBV, a therapeutic vaccine inducing an effective antibody response still remains elusive. The preS1 domain of the large HBV surface protein is the major viral attachment site on hepatocytes and thus offers a therapeutic target; however, its poor immunogenicity limits clinical translation. Here, we design a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine that can deliver preS1 to specific myeloid cells, including SIGNR1+ dendritic cells (which activate T follicular helper cells) and lymphatic sinus-associated SIGNR1+ macrophages (which can activate B cells). This nanoparticle vaccine induces a high-level and persistent anti-preS1 response that results in efficient viral clearance and partial serological conversion in a chronic HBV mouse model, offering a promising translatable vaccination strategy for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqian Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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17
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Wang Z, Wang W, Chai Q, Zhu M. Langerhans Cells Control Lymphatic Vessel Function during Inflammation via LIGHT-LTβR Signaling. J Immunol 2019; 202:2999-3007. [PMID: 30952816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is an important route for dendritic cell (DC) or tumor cell migration from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (DLNs). However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, using conventional bone marrow chimeric mice and additional UVB radiation, we found that deficiency of LIGHT but not lymphotoxin (LT) α1β2, likely on radioresistant Langerhans cells (LCs), resulted in impaired skin DC migration to DLNs during LPS-induced inflammation. In addition, LT β receptor (LTβR), but not herpes virus entry mediator, was found to be the receptor of LIGHT controlling DC migration. Furthermore, conditional deficiency of LTβR in Tie2 cre or Lyve1 cre mice, but not in LTβR-deficient bone marrow chimeric mice, impaired DC migration, suggesting an important role of LTβR in radioresistant lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), although the role of LTβR in blood endothelial cells remains intriguing. Mechanistically, the gene expression of both CCL21 and CCL19 was found to be reduced in skin LECs isolated from LC-LIGHT-conditionally deficient or Lyve1 cre Ltbr fl/fl mice compared with their controls upon LPS stimulation. Soluble recombinant LIGHT was able to upregulate CCL21 and CCL19 gene expression on SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. Doxycycline, an inhibitor of soluble LIGHT release in the inflamed skin, impaired skin CCL21 and CCL19 expression and DC migration. In addition, melanoma cell metastasis to DLNs was also inhibited in LC-LIGHT-conditionally deficient or Lyve1 cre Ltbr fl/fl mice. Together, our data suggest, to our knowledge, a previously unrecognized scenario in which LCs activate LECs via the LIGHT-LTβR signaling axis to promote DC migration or tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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Liang RX, Shi XY, Zhang YH, Su ZL, Zhang F, Chai Q, Gong JL, Wang ZG. [Etiology and clinical analysis of central nervous system infection caused by Coxsackievirus B5 in severe hand, foot and mouth disease in Qingdao City, 2013-2014]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 52:1168-1172. [PMID: 30419703 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To illuminate the gene characteristics and clinical characterization of Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) strains isolated from patients with sevre hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao city. Methods: A total of 1 844 patients of HFMD were consecutively admitted to Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Information of the study population described above was collected retrospectively. The samples were collected from at least 1 site (throat swab, cerebrospinal fluid), which viral nucleic acid extracted and the entire VP1 gene sequences of CV-B5 isolates were amplified and sequenced, then the homology and phylogeny analysis were conducted by MEGA7.0. The prototype Faulkner strain and other VP1 amino acid sequences were derived from the GenBank database. Results: A total of 8 CV-B5 positive cases were obtained, including 4 males and 4 females; 6 severe hospitalized cases and 2 outpatients. The age of 6 hospitalized patients ranged from 3 to 48 months, with a median of 26 months. For the six inpatients, fever, convulsions vomiting, diarrhea and rash were the main clinical manifestation, and all combined with viral encephalitis. Compared with the prototype strain Faulkner, in the VP1 region,the nucleotide and the amino acid homologies was 77.3%-78.8% and 95.5%-97.0% respectively. Five out of the six severe cases with substitution of serine (S) to asparagine (N) at amino acid site 95 in the VP1 region. The sequences of 8 CV-B5 strains were classified into genogroup D. Conclusion: Hand, foot and mouth disease associated with CV-B5 virus infection can result in nervous system involvement and the main complication was viral encephalitis. The CV-B5 strains associated with severe hand, foot and mouth disease had high nucleotide homology and present a certain regional aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Liang
- College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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Abeywansha T, Chai Q, Zhang X, Wang Z, Wei Y. Accessibility from the Cytoplasm Is Critical for ssrA Tag-Mediated Degradation of Integral Membrane Proteins by ClpXP Protease. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5602-5608. [PMID: 30169015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The AAA+ protease ClpXP has long been established as the cellular rescue system that degrades ssrA-tagged proteins resulting from stalled ribosomes. Until recently, in all of these studies soluble proteins were used as model substrates, since the ClpXP complex and the related adapter SspB are all cytosolic proteins. In a previous study, we found that the introduction of an ssrA tag can facilitate complete degradation of a large and stable trimeric integral membrane protein AcrB, which is the first reported example of a membrane protein substrate. To investigate the mechanism of degradation of a membrane protein by a soluble protein complex, we experimented with the truncation of the C-terminal tail of AcrB. We found that the C-terminal tail is important for degradation, as systematic truncation of the tail diminished degradation. Thus, we hypothesize that membrane proteins need a cytosolic tail/domain for ClpXP-SspB to latch on to initiate degradation. To test this hypothesis, we introduced the ssrA tag at the C-terminal of several membrane proteins, including AqpZ, YiiP, YajR, as well as their truncation fragments, and examined their degradation. We found that the ssrA-facilitated degradation of membrane proteins by ClpXP-SspB depends on the presence of a CT tail or domain, which is critical for accessibility of the tag by ClpXP-SspB. When the ssrA tag is not well-exposed to the cytosol, FtsH can access and degrade the tagged protein, given that the substrate protein is metastable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini Abeywansha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Zhaoshuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
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20
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Wang Z, Chai Q, Zhu M. Differential Roles of LTβR in Endothelial Cell Subsets for Lymph Node Organogenesis and Maturation. J Immunol 2018; 201:69-76. [PMID: 29760194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cross-talk mediated by lymphotoxin αβ-lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling plays a critical role in lymph node (LN) development. Although the major role of LTβR signaling has long been considered to occur in mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells, a recent study using a VE-cadherincreLtbrfl/fl mouse model suggested that endothelial LTβR signaling contributes to the formation of LNs. However, the detailed roles of LTβR in different endothelial cells (ECs) in LN development remain unknown. Using various cre transgenic mouse models (Tekcre , a strain targeting ECs, and Lyve1cre , mainly targeting lymphatic ECs), we observed that specific LTβR ablation in Tekcre+ or Lyve1cre+ cells is not required for LN formation. Moreover, double-cre-mediated LTβR depletion does not interrupt LN formation. Nevertheless, TekcreLtbrfl/fl mice exhibit reduced lymphoid tissue inducer cell accumulation at the LN anlagen and impaired LN maturation. Interestingly, a subset of ECs (VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs) was found to be enriched in transcripts related to hematopoietic cell recruitment and transendothelial migration, resembling LN high ECs in adult animals. Furthermore, endothelial Tek was observed to negatively regulate hematopoietic cell transmigration. Taken together, our data suggest that although Tekcre+ endothelial LTβR is required for the accumulation of hematopoietic cells and full LN maturation, LTβR in VE-cadherin+Tekcre-low/neg ECs in embryos might represent a critical portal-determining factor for LN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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21
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Froning KJ, Leaver-Fay A, Wu X, Phan S, Gao L, Huang F, Pustilnik A, Bacica M, Houlihan K, Chai Q, Fitchett JR, Hendle J, Kuhlman B, Demarest SJ. Computational design of a specific heavy chain/κ light chain interface for expressing fully IgG bispecific antibodies. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2021-2038. [PMID: 28726352 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to treat human diseases is on the rise. Increasingly complex and powerful therapeutic mechanisms made possible by BsAbs are spurring innovation of novel BsAb formats and methods for their production. The long-lived in vivo pharmacokinetics, optimal biophysical properties and potential effector functions of natural IgG monoclonal (and monospecific) antibodies has resulted in a push to generate fully IgG BsAb formats with the same quaternary structure as monoclonal IgGs. The production of fully IgG BsAbs is challenging because of the highly heterogeneous pairing of heavy chains (HCs) and light chains (LCs) when produced in mammalian cells with two IgG HCs and two LCs. A solution to the HC heterodimerization aspect of IgG BsAb production was first discovered two decades ago; however, addressing the LC mispairing issue has remained intractable until recently. Here, we use computational and rational engineering to develop novel designs to the HC/LC pairing issue, and particularly for κ LCs. Crystal structures of these designs highlight the interactions that provide HC/LC specificity. We produce and characterize multiple fully IgG BsAbs using these novel designs. We demonstrate the importance of specificity engineering in both the variable and constant domains to achieve robust HC/LC specificity within all the BsAbs. These solutions facilitate the production of fully IgG BsAbs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Froning
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - A Leaver-Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - X Wu
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - S Phan
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - L Gao
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - F Huang
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - A Pustilnik
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - M Bacica
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - K Houlihan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Q Chai
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - J R Fitchett
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - J Hendle
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
| | - B Kuhlman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - S J Demarest
- Eli Lilly Biotechnology Center, 10300 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, California, 92121
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22
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Chung J, Ebens CL, Perkey E, Radojcic V, Koch U, Scarpellino L, Tong A, Allen F, Wood S, Feng J, Friedman A, Granadier D, Tran IT, Chai Q, Onder L, Yan M, Reddy P, Blazar BR, Huang AY, Brennan TV, Bishop DK, Ludewig B, Siebel CW, Radtke F, Luther SA, Maillard I. Fibroblastic niches prime T cell alloimmunity through Delta-like Notch ligands. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1574-1588. [PMID: 28319044 PMCID: PMC5373885 DOI: 10.1172/jci89535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloimmune T cell responses induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Although Notch signaling mediated by Delta-like 1/4 (DLL1/4) Notch ligands has emerged as a major regulator of GVHD pathogenesis, little is known about the timing of essential Notch signals and the cellular source of Notch ligands after allo-BMT. Here, we have shown that critical DLL1/4-mediated Notch signals are delivered to donor T cells during a short 48-hour window after transplantation in a mouse allo-BMT model. Stromal, but not hematopoietic, cells were the essential source of Notch ligands during in vivo priming of alloreactive T cells. GVHD could be prevented by selective inactivation of Dll1 and Dll4 in subsets of fibroblastic stromal cells that were derived from chemokine Ccl19-expressing host cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells. However, neither T cell recruitment into secondary lymphoid organs nor initial T cell activation was affected by Dll1/4 loss. Thus, we have uncovered a pathogenic function for fibroblastic stromal cells in alloimmune reactivity that can be dissociated from their homeostatic functions. Our results reveal what we believe to be a previously unrecognized Notch-mediated immunopathogenic role for stromal cell niches in secondary lymphoid organs after allo-BMT and define a framework of early cellular and molecular interactions that regulate T cell alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Chung
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Life Sciences Institute, and
| | - Christen L. Ebens
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric Perkey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Life Sciences Institute, and
| | - Vedran Radojcic
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ute Koch
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Tong
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sherri Wood
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiane Feng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Minhong Yan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd V. Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - D. Keith Bishop
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Freddy Radtke
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A. Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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23
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Wu W, Shi Y, Xia H, Chai Q, Jin C, Ren B, Zhu M. Epithelial LTβR signaling controls the population size of the progenitors of medullary thymic epithelial cells in neonatal mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44481. [PMID: 28290551 PMCID: PMC5349570 DOI: 10.1038/srep44481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of T cell central tolerance critically relies on the development and maintenance of the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Disrupted signaling of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) results in dramatically reduced mTEC population. However, whether LTβR directly or indirectly control mTECs remains undetermined; how LTβR controls this process also remain unclear. In this study, by utilizing K14-Cre × Ltbrfl/fl conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we show that epithelial intrinsic LTβR was essential for the mTEC development postnatally. Mechanistically, LTβR did not directly impact the proliferation or survival of mTECs; the maturation of mTECs from MHC-IIlo to MHC-IIhi stage was also unaltered in the absence of LTβR; interestingly, the number of mTEC progenitors (Cld3,4hiSSEA-1+) was found significantly reduced in LTβR cKO mice at the neonatal stage, but not at E18.5. Consequently, epithelial deficiency of LTβR resulted in significant defect of thymic negative selection as demonstrated using OT-I and RIP-OVA transgenic mouse system. In summary, our study clarifies the epithelial intrinsic role of LTβR on mTEC development and function; more importantly, it reveals a previously unrecognized function of LTβR on the control of the size of mTEC progenitor population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Caiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Boyang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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24
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Abstract
Shape memory foams have been prepared using a heparin-inspired polyurea/urethane that displays excellent resistance to platelet adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Chai
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - Y. Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - T. L. Kirley
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics
- College of Medicine
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
| | - N. Ayres
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Cincinnati
- Cincinnati
- USA
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25
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Shi Y, Wu W, Chai Q, Li Q, Hou Y, Xia H, Ren B, Xu H, Guo X, Jin C, Lv M, Wang Z, Fu YX, Zhu M. LTβR controls thymic portal endothelial cells for haematopoietic progenitor cell homing and T-cell regeneration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12369. [PMID: 27493002 PMCID: PMC4980457 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous thymic homing of haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) via the blood is critical for normal T-cell development. However, the nature and the differentiation programme of specialized thymic endothelial cells (ECs) controlling this process remain poorly understood. Here using conditional gene-deficient mice, we find that lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) directly controls thymic ECs to guide HPC homing. Interestingly, T-cell deficiency or conditional ablation of T-cell-engaged LTβR signalling results in a defect in thymic HPC homing, suggesting the feedback regulation of thymic progenitor homing by thymic products. Furthermore, we identify and characterize a special thymic portal EC population with features that guide HPC homing. LTβR is essential for the differentiation and homeostasis of these thymic portal ECs. Finally, we show that LTβR is required for T-cell regeneration on irradiation-induced thymic injury. Together, these results uncover a cellular and molecular pathway that governs thymic EC differentiation for HPC homing. Lymphoid progenitors migrate from the bone marrow into the thymus to give rise to T and NK cell lineages. Here the authors characterize a lymphotoxin receptor beta-dependent population of thymic endothelial cells that guide lymphoid progenitor homing in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China
| | - Caiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengjie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9072, USA
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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26
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Qian LL, Wang RX, Sun MQ, Xia DY, Tang X, Ji Y, Wu Y, Liu XY, Dang SP, Chai Q, Lu T. [Composition of potassium channels in normal rat coronary smooth muscle cells and activation effects of docosahexaenoic acid]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2016; 44:600-4. [PMID: 27530945 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the composition of potassium channels in normal rat coronary smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) and the activation effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). METHODS CASMCs were isolated by enzyme digestion.Effects of different types of potassium channel blockers and/or DHA on potassium channels currents were studied by whole-cell patch clamp technique. RESULTS Potassium currents were significantly increased with 5 μmol/L DHA perfusion (P<0.05). The current density was increased from (52.80±6.68) pA/pF to (110.09±13.39) pA/pF (P<0.05) after DHA perfusion when the stimulation voltage was 100 mV.Compared with baseline, potassium currents were significantly decreased by various inhibitor perfusion (tetraethylammonium: (49.63±5.75) pA/pF vs. (13.96±2.18) pA/pF; ibritoxin: (50.67±7.89) pA/pF vs. (26.53±4.68) pA/pF; TRAM-34: (52.60±7.02) pA/pF vs. (46.05±7.60) pA/pF; apamin: (51.97±3.83) pA/pF vs. (44.89±5.04) pA/pF; 4-aminopyridine: (51.19±3.44) pA/pF vs. (29.92±2.81) pA/pF; glyburide: (49.67±1.77) pA/pF vs. (49.61±1.87) pA/pF, all P<0.05). In presence of different inhibitors, potassium channel current densities were increased after DHA perfusion except tetraethylammonium (tetraethylammonium: ( 12.79±1.89) pA/pF; ibritoxin: (67.08±5.54) pA/pF; TRAM-34: (117.91±21.79) pA/pF; apamin: (108.33±7.06) pA/pF; 4-aminopyridine: (127.73±20.56) pA/pF; glyburide: (121.53±13.83) pA/pF, all P<0.05 compared with baseline). CONCLUSIONS Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel and voltage-gated potassium channel are the major constituents of potassium channels in CASMCs.DHA can activate potassium channels in CASMCs, mainly the large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, thus dilate coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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27
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Sun MQ, Qian LL, Dang SP, Wu Y, Tang X, Ji Y, Wang XY, Xia DY, Wang W, Chai Q, Lu T, Wang RX. [Docosahexaenoic acids activate large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels via phospholipase C- inositol triphosphate- calcium pathway in normal rat coronary smooth muscle cells]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2016; 44:530-5. [PMID: 27346268 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) on activating large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BK channels) in normal rat coronary smooth muscle cells. METHODS Normal coronary smooth muscle cells were isolated by enzyme digestion from Sprague-Dawley rats. BK currents were recorded by patch clamp in whole cell and single channel configurations, respectively. The effects of DHA on cytosolic calcium concentrations were examined by recording the changes of fluorescence intensity ratios. RESULTS DHA (1 μmol/L) could activate BK channels. Open probabilities (NP0) of BK channels at test potential 60 mV, and calcium concentrations in external solution at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 50 and 100 μmol/L were 0.002 7±0.000 4, 0.006 0±0.001 4, 0.097 2±0.010 6, 0.137 9±0.032 9, 0.468 7±0.163 7, 2.097 1±0.310 4 and 3.120 4±0.242 7, respectively (P<0.05, n=4). Before DHA perfusion, the fluorescence intensity ratio was 0.51±0.01, and the ratios were 0.53±0.02 and 0.55±0.01 after 0.001 and 0.01 μmol/L DHA perfusion, respectively (P>0.05, n≥5). The ratios were 0.64±0.01, 0.65±0.01, 0.70±0.01, 0.69±0.01, 0.68±0.01 and 0.67±0.02 after 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 5 and 10 μmol/L DHA perfusion, respectively, and EC50 was (0.04±0.02) μmol/L(P<0.05, n≥4). They were all higher than that before DHA perfusion. After incubating with phospholipase C (PLC) blocker U73122 and inositol triphosphate (IP3) blocker 2-APB, the ratios were 0.52±0.01 and 0.49±0.02 on the setting of 0.1 μmol/L DHA, respectively. Compared with control group(0.64±0.01), the ratios decreased after incubating with blockers (P<0.05, n≥4). CONCLUSIONS Docosahexaenoic acids can activate large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels by the pathway of PLC-IP3-Ca(2+) to increase cytosolic calcium concentration in normal coronary smooth muscle cells, dilate the coronary vessels and bestow protective effects on cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
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28
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Abstract
ATP-dependent degradation plays a critical role in the quality control and recycling of proteins in cells. However, complete degradation of membrane proteins by ATP-dependent proteases in bacteria is not well-studied. We discovered that the degradation of a multidomain and multispan integral membrane protein AcrB could be facilitated by the introduction of a ssrA-tag at the C-terminus of the protein sequence and demonstrated that the cytoplasmic unfoldase-protease complex ClpXP was involved in the degradation. This is the first report to our knowledge to reveal that the ClpXP complex is capable of degrading integral membrane proteins. The chaperone SspB also played a role in the degradation. Using purified proteins, we demonstrated that the addition of the ssrA-tag did not drastically affect the structure of AcrB, and the degradation of detergent solubilized AcrB by purified ClpXP could be observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Zhaoshuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Stacy R Webb
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Rebecca E Dutch
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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29
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Onder L, Nindl V, Scandella E, Chai Q, Cheng HW, Caviezel-Firner S, Novkovic M, Bomze D, Maier R, Mair F, Ledermann B, Becher B, Waisman A, Ludewig B. Alternative NF-κB signaling regulates mTEC differentiation from podoplanin-expressing precursors in the cortico-medullary junction. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2218-31. [PMID: 25973789 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The thymic epithelium forms specialized niches to enable thymocyte differentiation. While the common epithelial progenitor of medullary and cortical thymic epithelial cells (mTECs and cTECs) is well defined, early stages of mTEC lineage specification have remained elusive. Here, we utilized in vivo targeting of mTECs to resolve their differentiation pathways and to determine whether mTEC progenitors participate in thymocyte education. We found that mTECs descend from a lineage committed, podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing progenitor located at the cortico-medullary junction. PDPN(+) junctional TECs (jTECs) represent a distinct TEC population that builds the thymic medulla, but only partially supports negative selection and thymocyte differentiation. Moreover, conditional gene targeting revealed that abrogation of alternative NF-κB pathway signaling in the jTEC stage completely blocked mTEC development. Taken together, this study identifies jTECs as lineage-committed mTEC progenitors and shows that NF-κB-dependent progression of jTECs to mTECs is critical to secure central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Nindl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Maier
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Wang Z, Zhong M, Lu W, Chai Q, Wei Y. Repressive mutations restore function-loss caused by the disruption of trimerization in Escherichia coli multidrug transporter AcrB. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25657644 PMCID: PMC4303003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AcrAB-TolC and their homologs are major multidrug efflux systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The inner membrane component AcrB functions as a trimer. Replacement of Pro223 by Gly in AcrB decreases the trimer stability and drastically reduces the drug efflux activity. The goal of this study is to identify suppressor mutations that restore function to mutant AcrBP223G and explore the mechanism of function recovery. Two methods were used to introduce random mutations into the plasmid of AcrBP223G. Mutants with elevated drug efflux activity were identified, purified, and characterized to examine their expression level, trimer stability, interaction with AcrA, and substrate binding. Nine single-site repressor mutations were identified, including T199M, D256N, A209V, G257V, M662I, Q737L, D788K, P800S, and E810K. Except for M662I, all other mutations located in the docking region of the periplasmic domain. While three mutations, T199M, A209V, and D256N, significantly increased the trimer stability, none of them restored the trimer affinity to the wild type level. M662, the only site of mutation that located in the porter domain, was involved in substrate binding. Our results suggest that the function loss resulted from compromised AcrB trimerization could be restored through various mechanisms involving the compensation of trimer stability and substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Meng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington, KY, USA
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31
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Fasnacht N, Huang HY, Koch U, Favre S, Auderset F, Chai Q, Onder L, Kallert S, Pinschewer DD, MacDonald HR, Tacchini-Cottier F, Ludewig B, Luther SA, Radtke F. Specific fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs orchestrate distinct Notch-regulated immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2265-79. [PMID: 25311507 PMCID: PMC4203954 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasnacht et al. now show that fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs are responsible for the production of Notch ligands regulating the differentiation of immune cells Fibroblast-like cells of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are important for tissue architecture. In addition, they regulate lymphocyte compartmentalization through the secretion of chemokines, and participate in the orchestration of appropriate cell–cell interactions required for adaptive immunity. Here, we provide data demonstrating the functional importance of SLO fibroblasts during Notch-mediated lineage specification and immune response. Genetic ablation of the Notch ligand Delta-like (DL)1 identified splenic fibroblasts rather than hematopoietic or endothelial cells as niche cells, allowing Notch 2–driven differentiation of marginal zone B cells and of Esam+ dendritic cells. Moreover, conditional inactivation of DL4 in lymph node fibroblasts resulted in impaired follicular helper T cell differentiation and, consequently, in reduced numbers of germinal center B cells and absence of high-affinity antibodies. Our data demonstrate previously unknown roles for DL ligand-expressing fibroblasts in SLO niches as drivers of multiple Notch-mediated immune differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fasnacht
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Robson MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Abstract
![]()
The majority of membrane proteins
function as oligomers. However,
it remains largely unclear how the oligomer stability of protein complexes
correlates with their function. Understanding the relationship between
oligomer stability and activity is essential to protein research and
to virtually all cellular processes that depend on the function of
protein complexes. Proteins make lasting or transient interactions
as they perform their functions. Obligate oligomeric proteins exist
and function exclusively at a specific oligomeric state. Although
oligomerization is clearly critical for such proteins to function,
a direct correlation between oligomer affinity and biological activity
has not yet been reported. Here, we used an obligate trimeric membrane
transporter protein, AcrB, as a model to investigate the correlation
between its relative trimer affinity and efflux activity. AcrB is
a component of the major multidrug efflux system in Escherichia coli. We created six AcrB constructs
with mutations at the transmembrane intersubunit interface, and we
determined their activities using both a drug susceptibility assay
and an ethidium bromide accumulation assay. The relative trimer affinities
of these mutants in detergent micelles were obtained using blue native
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A correlation between the relative
trimer affinity and substrate efflux activity was observed, in which
a threshold trimer stability was required to maintain efflux activity.
The trimer affinity of the wild-type protein was approximately 3 kcal/mol
more stable than the threshold value. Once the threshold was reached,
an additional increase of stability in the range observed had no observable
effect on protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Pastelin-Palacios R, Cervantes-Barragan L, Hisaki E, Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Regen T, Waisman A, Isibasi A, Lopez-Macias C, Ludewig B. IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells promote generation of protective germinal center-derived IgM+ B cell memory against Salmonella Typhi. J Immunol 2014; 192:5192-200. [PMID: 24778443 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abs play a significant role in protection against the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhi. In this article, we investigated how long-term protective IgM responses can be elicited by a S. Typhi outer-membrane protein C- and F-based subunit vaccine (porins). We found that repeated Ag exposure promoted a CD4(+) T cell-dependent germinal center reaction that generated mutated IgM-producing B cells and was accompanied by a strong expansion of IFN-γ-secreting T follicular helper cells. Genetic ablation of individual cytokine receptors revealed that both IFN-γ and IL-17 are required for optimal germinal center reactions and production of porin-specific memory IgM(+) B cells. However, more profound reduction of porin-specific IgM B cell responses in the absence of IFN-γR signaling indicated that this cytokine plays a dominant role. Importantly, mutated IgM mAbs against porins exhibited bactericidal capacity and efficiently augmented S. Typhi clearance. In conclusion, repeated vaccination with S. Typhi porins programs type I T follicular helper cell responses that contribute to the diversification of B cell memory and promote the generation of protective IgM Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Perez-Shibayama
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | | | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130; and
| | - Emiliano Hisaki
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Armando Isibasi
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Constantino Lopez-Macias
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
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34
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Chai Q, Singh B, Peisker K, Metzendorf N, Ge X, Dasgupta S, Sanyal S. Organization of ribosomes and nucleoids in Escherichia coli cells during growth and in quiescence. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:11342-11352. [PMID: 24599955 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the distribution of ribosomes and nucleoids in live Escherichia coli cells under conditions of growth, division, and in quiescence. In exponentially growing cells translating ribosomes are interspersed among and around the nucleoid lobes, appearing as alternative bands under a fluorescence microscope. In contrast, inactive ribosomes either in stationary phase or after treatment with translation inhibitors such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and streptomycin gather predominantly at the cell poles and boundaries with concomitant compaction of the nucleoid. However, under all conditions, spatial segregation of the ribosomes and the nucleoids is well maintained. In dividing cells, ribosomes accumulate on both sides of the FtsZ ring at the mid cell. However, the distribution of the ribosomes among the new daughter cells is often unequal. Both the shape of the nucleoid and the pattern of ribosome distribution are also modified when the cells are exposed to rifampicin (transcription inhibitor), nalidixic acid (gyrase inhibitor), or A22 (MreB-cytoskeleton disruptor). Thus we conclude that the intracellular organization of the ribosomes and the nucleoids in bacteria are dynamic and critically dependent on cellular growth processes (replication, transcription, and translation) as well as on the integrity of the MreB cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bhupender Singh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Peisker
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole Metzendorf
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xueliang Ge
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suparna Sanyal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Box-596, BMC, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Chai Q, Ferrell B, Zhong M, Zhang X, Ye C, Wei Y. Diverse sequences are functional at the C-terminus of the E. coli periplasmic chaperone SurA. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:111-6. [PMID: 24586054 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SurA is a major periplasmic molecular chaperone in Escherichia coli and has been shown to assist the biogenesis of several outer membrane proteins. The C-terminal fragment of SurA folds into a short β-strand, which forms a small three-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet module with the N-terminal β-hairpin. We found that the length of the C-terminal fragment, rather than its exact amino acid composition, had a big impact on SurA function. To investigate the determinant factor of the C-terminal sequence, we created a library of SurA constructs randomized in the last 10 residues. We screened the library and randomly analyzed 19 constructs that displayed SurA activity. The C-termini of these constructs shared little sequence similarity, except that β-strand-forming residues were preferentially enriched. Three SurA constructs were expressed and purified for structural characterization. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses revealed that their structures were similar to the structure of the wild-type SurA. Our results suggest that for scaffolding purpose proteins may tolerate various sequences provided certain general requirements such as hydrophobicity and secondary structure propensity are satisfied. Furthermore, the sequence tolerance of SurA at the C-terminus indicates that this area is not likely to be involved in substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 305 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
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36
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Lu W, Zhong M, Chai Q, Wang Z, Yu L, Wei Y. Functional relevance of AcrB Trimerization in pump assembly and substrate binding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89143. [PMID: 24551234 PMCID: PMC3925222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AcrB is a multidrug transporter in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. It is an obligate homotrimer and forms a tripartite efflux complex with AcrA and TolC. AcrB is the engine of the efflux machinery and determines substrate specificity. Active efflux depends on several functional features including proton translocation across the inner membrane through a proton relay pathway in the transmembrane domain of AcrB; substrate binding and migration through the substrate translocation pathway; the interaction of AcrB with AcrA and TolC; and the formation of AcrB homotrimer. Here we investigated two aspects of the inter-correlation between these functional features, the dependence of AcrA-AcrB interaction on AcrB trimerization, and the reliance of substrate binding and penetration on protein-protein interaction. Interaction between AcrA and AcrB was investigated through chemical crosslinking, and a previously established in vivo fluorescent labeling method was used to probe substrate binding. Our data suggested that dissociation of the AcrB trimer drastically decreased its interaction with AcrA. In addition, while substrate binding with AcrB seemed to be irrelevant to the presence or absence of AcrA and TolC, the capability of trimerization and conduction of proton influx did affect substrate binding at selected sites along the substrate translocation pathway in AcrB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Meng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Qian Chai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zhaoshuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Linliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yinan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Yu L, Lu W, Ye C, Wang Z, Zhong M, Chai Q, Sheetz M, Wei Y. Role of a conserved residue R780 in Escherichia coli multidrug transporter AcrB. Biochemistry 2013; 52:6790-6. [PMID: 24007302 DOI: 10.1021/bi400452v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug efflux pumps play important roles in bacteria drug resistance. A major multidrug efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria is composed of the inner membrane transporter AcrB, outer membrane protein channel TolC, and membrane fusion protein AcrA. These three proteins form a large complex that spans both layers of cell membranes and the periplasmic space. AcrB exists and functions as a homotrimer. To identify residues at the trimer interface that play important roles in AcrB function, we conducted site directed mutagenesis and discovered a key residue, R780. Although R780K was partially functional, all other R780 mutants tested were completely nonfunctional. Replacement of R780 by other residues disrupted trimer association. However, a decrease of trimer stability was not the lone cause for the observed loss of activity, because the activity loss could not be restored by strengthening trimer interaction. Using both heat and chemical denaturation methods, we found that the mutation decreased protein stability. Finally, we identified a repressor mutation, M774K, through random mutagenesis. It restored the activity of AcrBR780A to a level close to that of the wild-type protein. To examine the mechanism of activity restoration, we monitored denaturation of AcrBR780A/M774K and found that the repressor mutation improved protein stability. These results suggest that R780 is critical for AcrB stability. When R780 was replaced by Ala, the protein retained the overall structure, still trimerized in the cell membrane, and interacted with AcrA. However, local structural rearrangement might have occurred and lead to the decrease of protein stability and loss of substrate efflux activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linliang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky ,Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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38
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Rosengarten JA, Scott PA, Larkin SE, Garbis S, Curzen NP, Townsend PA, Morgan JM, Lee H, Ling TY, Wang XL, Chai Q, Lau TW, Koestler CM, Park SJ, Daly RC, Greason KL, Cha YM. Main Session: Molecular mechanisms in cardiomyopathies. Europace 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eut194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Cupovic J, Danuser R, Sparwasser T, Luther SA, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Stein JV, Hehlgans T, Ludewig B. Maturation of lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells from myofibroblastic precursors is critical for antiviral immunity. Immunity 2013; 38:1013-24. [PMID: 23623380 PMCID: PMC7111182 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stromal scaffold of the lymph node (LN) paracortex is built by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Conditional ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) expression in LN FRCs and their mesenchymal progenitors in developing LNs revealed that LTβR-signaling in these cells was not essential for the formation of LNs. Although T cell zone reticular cells had lost podoplanin expression, they still formed a functional conduit system and showed enhanced expression of myofibroblastic markers. However, essential immune functions of FRCs, including homeostatic chemokine and interleukin-7 expression, were impaired. These changes in T cell zone reticular cell function were associated with increased susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, myofibroblasic FRC precursors are able to generate the basic T cell zone infrastructure, whereas LTβR-dependent maturation of FRCs guarantees full immunocompetence and hence optimal LN function during infection. Novel transgenic mouse model that targets FRCs in adult lymph nodes FRC-specific ablation of the LTβR did not abrogate LN development Myofibroblastic FRC precursors generate the basic infrastructure of the adult LN LTβR-mediated FRC maturation is critical for the maintenance of immunocompentence
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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40
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Lu W, Chai Q, Zhong M, Yu L, Fang J, Wang T, Li H, Zhu H, Wei Y. Corrigendum to “Assembling of AcrB Trimer in Cell Membrane” [J. Mol. Biol. 423(1) (2012) 123–134]. J Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Onder L, Danuser R, Scandella E, Firner S, Chai Q, Hehlgans T, Stein JV, Ludewig B. Endothelial cell-specific lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling is critical for lymph node and high endothelial venule formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:465-73. [PMID: 23420877 PMCID: PMC3600902 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of lymph nodes (LNs) and formation of LN stromal cell microenvironments is dependent on lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling. In particular, the LTβR-dependent crosstalk between mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer and hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer cells has been regarded as critical for these processes. Here, we assessed whether endothelial cell (EC)-restricted LTβR signaling impacts on LN development and the vascular LN microenvironment. Using EC-specific ablation of LTβR in mice, we found that conditionally LTβR-deficient animals failed to develop a significant proportion of their peripheral LNs. However, remnant LNs showed impaired formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs). Venules had lost their cuboidal shape, showed reduced segment length and branching points, and reduced adhesion molecule and constitutive chemokine expression. Due to the altered EC-lymphocyte interaction, homing of lymphocytes to peripheral LNs was significantly impaired. Thus, this study identifies ECs as an important LTβR-dependent lymphoid tissue organizer cell population and indicates that continuous triggering of the LTβR on LN ECs is critical for lymphocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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42
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Ye C, Chai Q, Zhong M, Wei Y. Effect of crowding by Ficolls on OmpA and OmpT refolding and membrane insertion. Protein Sci 2012; 22:239-45. [PMID: 23225740 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Folding of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has been studied extensively in vitro. However, most of these studies have been conducted in dilute buffer solution, which is different from the crowded environment in the cell periplasm, where the folding and membrane insertion of OMPs actually occur. Using OmpA and OmpT as model proteins and Ficoll 70 as the crowding agent, here we investigated the effect of the macromolecular crowding condition on OMP membrane insertion. We found that the presence of Ficoll 70 significantly slowed down the rate of membrane insertion of OmpA while had little effect on those of OmpT. To investigate if the soluble domain of OmpA slowed down membrane insertion in the presence of the crowding agent, we created a truncated OmpA construct that contains only the transmembrane domain (OmpA171). In the absence of crowding agent, OmpA171 refolded at a similar rate as OmpA, although with decreased efficiency. However, under the crowding condition, OmpA171 refolded significantly faster than OmpA. Our results suggest that the periplasmic domain slows down the rate, while improves the efficiency, of OmpA folding and membrane insertion under the crowding condition. Such an effect was not obvious when refolding was studied in buffer solution in the absence of crowding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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43
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Lu W, Chai Q, Zhong M, Yu L, Fang J, Wang T, Li H, Zhu H, Wei Y. Assembling of AcrB trimer in cell membrane. J Mol Biol 2012; 423:123-34. [PMID: 22766312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many membrane proteins exist and function as oligomers, but how monomers oligomerize in the cell membrane remains poorly understood. AcrB is an obligate homo-trimer. We previously found that the folding of individual subunit precedes oligomerization. Following folding, individual AcrB subunits must locate and interact with each other in order to dimerize and eventually trimerize. It has been unclear if AcrB trimerization is a spontaneous process following the "chance encounter and random assembling" mechanism. In other words, it is currently unknown whether monomeric subunits diffuse freely to "search" for each other after they are co-translationally inserted and folded into the cell membrane. Using four sets of experiments exploiting AcrB variants with different fusion tags, disulfide trapping, and activity measurement, here we showed that AcrB variants co-expressed in the same Escherichia coli cell did co-assemble into hybrid trimers in vivo. However, the level of co-assembly measured experimentally was not consistent with calculations derived from random assembling. The potential role of the polysome structure during protein translation and the resultant clustering effect were discussed as a potential explanation for the observed bias in AcrB subunit assembling in vivo. Our results provide new insights into the dynamic assembling and equilibration process of obligate homo-oligomeric membrane proteins in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Chen Z, Chai Q, Liao S, Chen X, He Y, Li Y, Wu W, Li B. Nonisothermal Kinetic Study: IV. Comparative Methods To Evaluate Ea for Thermal Decomposition of KZn2(PO4)(HPO4) Synthesized by a Simple Route. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300774x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Chai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Sen Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xia Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenwei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Ludewig B, Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Sparwasser T, Luther S, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Hehlgans T. CCL19-Cre transgenics: targeting lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells in vivo (44.14). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.44.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The paracortex of lymph nodes (LNs) harbors a sponge-like scaffold of stromal cells known as fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). A major function of FRCs is to build and enwrap the conduit system of collagen fibers that directs interstitial fluids from the afferent lymph through the T-cell zone to HEVs. Furthermore, FRCs regulate T-cell migration and survival by producing the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. To gain further knowledge on the biology of FRCs and possibly other stromal cell subsets, we have generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic mouse model that utilizes the CCL19 promoter to direct the Cre-recombinase to LN stromal cells. Crossing of CCL19-Cre mice to the R26-EYFP reporter revealed that transgene expression in LNs was almost exclusively confined to podoplanin+CD31- cells. Likewise, transgene activity in spleens and Peyer’s patches of CCL19-Cre mice was largely restricted to FRC-like cells, i.e. stromal cells within the T cell zone and the T-B border. Selective ablation of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor on CCL19-Cre-positive cells resulted in profound changes in the development and organization of secondary lymphoid organs. Taken together, stromal CCL19-Cre expression is well-suited (i) to characterize the development of LN FRCs in vivo, (ii) to molecularly dissect the contribution of stromal cells to lymphoid organogenesis, and (iii) to address the function of LN FRCs in the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Ludewig
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- 2Institute of Infection Immunology, Germany, TWINCORE, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Volker Thiel
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- 4Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Stein J, Coelho F, Soriano S, Natale D, Swoger J, Mayer J, Chai Q, Hons M, Pieczyk M, Zerwes HG, Junt T, Sailer A, Ludewig B, Sharpe J, Figge MT. Analyzing the in vivo contribution of G-protein coupled receptors for naive B cell trafficking in lymph nodes (44.23). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.44.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
B cell motility within lymphoid tissue is precisely orchestrated by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the chemokine receptor family and other GPCRs, including the recently described 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol receptor Ebi2. Here, we performed an exhaustive twophoton microscopy (2PM) analysis of the contribution of the chemokine receptors CXCR4, CXCR5 and CCR7, as well as Ebi2, during the dynamic migration of naïve B cells inside peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) and the kinetics of B cell accumulation from the T cell area in B cell follicles. Using the intravital 2PM model of murine popliteal PLNs paired with genetic and pharmacological inhibition of GPCRs and their ligands, we observed a non-redundant role for CXCR5 for dynamic B cell motility in the T cell area and B cell follicles, while the functional absence of CXCR4 and CCR7 did not influence B cell migration parameters. Although CXCR5 was central for efficient B cell accumulation in B cell follicles, we did not find evidence for directed migration of T cell area-borne B cells towards B cell follicles, supporting a chemokinetic, and not chemotactic, role for the CXCR5 ligand CXCL13 during this process. Lack of Ebi2 confined B cells to the central part of B cell follicles, resulting in higher average migration velocities as compared to wild type B cells. In summary, our data provide novel insight into the contribution of GPCRs during the dynamic migration of naïve B cells in non-inflamed and inflamed PLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Stein
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda Coelho
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Soriano
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Natale
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jim Swoger
- 2Centre for Genome Regulation, Systems Biology Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juergen Mayer
- 2Centre for Genome Regulation, Systems Biology Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qian Chai
- 3Kantonsspital St Gallen, Institute of Immunobiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Hons
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Pieczyk
- 1Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Guenter Zerwes
- 4Novartis Institute for Biochemical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Junt
- 4Novartis Institute for Biochemical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Sailer
- 4Novartis Institute for Biochemical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- 3Kantonsspital St Gallen, Institute of Immunobiology, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - James Sharpe
- 2Centre for Genome Regulation, Systems Biology Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- 5University of Jena, International Leibniz Research School, Jena, Germany
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Onder L, Scandella E, Chai Q, Firner S, Mayer CT, Sparwasser T, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Ludewig B. A novel bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic podoplanin-cre mouse targets lymphoid organ stromal cells in vivo. Front Immunol 2011; 2:50. [PMID: 22566840 PMCID: PMC3342134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells provide the structural foundation of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), and regulate leukocyte access and cell migration within the different compartments of spleen and lymph nodes (LNs). Furthermore, several stromal cell subsets have been implied in shaping of T cell responses through direct presentation of antigen. Despite significant gain of knowledge on the biology of different SLO-resident stromal cell subsets, their molecular and functional characterization has remained incomplete. To address this need, we have generated a bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mouse model that utilizes the podoplanin (pdpn) promoter to express the Cre-recombinase exclusively in stromal cells of SLOs. The characterization of the Pdpn–Cre mouse revealed transgene expression in subsets of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymphatic endothelial cells in LNs. Furthermore, the transgene facilitated the identification of a novel splenic perivascular stromal cell subpopulation that forms web-like structures around central arterioles. Assessment of the in vivo antigen expression in the genetically tagged stromal cells in Pdpn–Cre mice revealed activation of both MHC I and II-restricted TCR transgenic T cells. Taken together, stromal pdpn–Cre expression is well-suited to characterize the phenotype and to dissect the function of lymphoid organ stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Chen WL, Huang ZQ, Chai Q, Zhang DM, Wang YY, Wang HJ, Wang L, Fan S. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of massive macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the face and neck using fibrin glue with OK-432 and bleomycin. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 40:572-6. [PMID: 21367582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Picibanil (OK-432) and bleomycin have been used as alternative sclerosing agents for lymphatic malformations. This study evaluated the clinical curative effect of sclerotherapy using fibrin glue combined with OK-432 and bleomycin for the treatment of macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the face and neck. Fifteen paediatric patients (6 males; 9 females, aged 13 months to 14 years) who had received percutaneous sclerotherapy for massive macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the face and neck were retrospectively reviewed. Affected regions included the neck, parotid region and parapharynx, mouth floor, face and cheek, and orbital regions. All patients showed preoperative symptoms of space-occupying lesions between 4 cm × 5 cm and 12 cm × 16 cm in size. Fibrin glue with OK-432 and bleomycin was injected under general anaesthesia. All patients received preoperative and follow-up CT scans. Outcomes were assessed by three surgeons. All patients exhibited mid-facial swelling for 3-4 weeks after surgery, but no major complications. Follow-up periods ranged from 8 to 16 months. Eight lesions were completely involuted, five were mostly involuted, and two were partially involuted. Percutaneous sclerotherapy using fibrin glue with OK-432 and bleomycin provided a simple, safe, and reliable alternative treatment for massive macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the face and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-l Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu Z, Chai Q, Li YY, Shen Q, Ma LP, Zhang LN, Wang X, Sheng L, Li JY, Li J, Shen JK. Discovery of novel PTP1B inhibitors with antihyperglycemic activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1005-12. [PMID: 20686525 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To discover and optimize a series of novel PTP1B inhibitors containing a thiazolidinone-substituted biphenyl scaffold and to further evaluate the inhibitory effects of these compounds in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A total of 36 thiazolidinone substituted biphenyl scaffold derivatives were prepared. An in vitro biological evaluation was done by Enzyme-based assay. The in vivo efficacy of 7Fb as an antihyperglycemic agent was evaluated in a BKS db/db diabetic mouse model with a dose of 50 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) for 4 weeks. RESULTS The in vitro biological evaluation showed that compounds 7Fb and 7Fc could increase the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRbeta in CHO/hIR cells. In in vivo experiments, compound 7Fb significantly lowered the postprandial blood glucose, from 29.4+/-1.2 mmol/L with the vehicle to 24.7+/-0.6 mmol/L (P<0.01), and the fasting blood glucose from 27.3+/-1.5 mmol/L with the vehicle to 23.6+/-1.2 mmol/L (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A novel series of compounds were discovered to be PTP1B inhibitors. Among them, compound 7Fb significantly lowered the postprandial and fasting glucose levels, and the blood glucose level declined more rapidly than in metformin-treated mice. Thus, 7Fb may be a potential lead compound for developing new agents for the treatment of type II diabetes.
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Zhu Y, Xiao K, Ma L, Xiong B, Fu Y, Yu H, Wang W, Wang X, Hu D, Peng H, Li J, Gong Q, Chai Q, Tang X, Zhang H, Li J, Shen J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and beta-secretase. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1600-13. [PMID: 19162488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To explore novel effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a series of dual inhibitors of acetylcholineterase (AChE) and beta-secretase (BACE-1) were designed based on the multi-target-directed ligands strategy. Among them, inhibitor 28 exhibited good dual potency in enzyme inhibitory potency assay (BACE-1: IC(50)=0.567 microM; AChE: IC(50)=1.83 microM), and also showed excellent inhibitory effects on Abeta production of APP transfected HEK293 cells (IC(50)=98.7 nM) and mild protective effect against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced PC12 cell injury. Encouragingly, intracerebroventricular injection of 28 into amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice caused a 29% reduction of Abeta(1-40) production. Therefore, 28 was demonstrated as a good lead compound for the further study and more importantly, the strategy of AChE and BACE-1 dual inhibitors might be a promising direction for developing novel drugs for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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