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Maillart E, Todesco E, Assoumou L, Beigneux Y, Lubetzki C, Papeix C, De Paz R, Dubessy AL, Djebara S, Louapre C, Pourcher V. Humoral response after accelerated schedule of HBV vaccination in MS patients before anti-CD20 therapy. J Neurol 2024; 271:2871-2874. [PMID: 38212430 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maillart
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France.
| | - Eve Todesco
- Department of Virology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ysoline Beigneux
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Papeix
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
- Neurology Department, Hospital Foundation A. De Rothschild, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Raphael De Paz
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Dubessy
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
| | - Siham Djebara
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Céline Louapre
- Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Paris, France
- Clinical Investigation Centre, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pourcher
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
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Yin Z, Wen T, Fu C, Li J, Fang Q, Gong X, You J, Wang S, Zheng C. Comparison of the effectiveness four years after Homo/Hetero prime-boost with 10 μg HP and 20 μg CHO recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 1 and 6 months in maternal HBsAg-negative children. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308238. [PMID: 38660313 PMCID: PMC11039823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited data were available on the effectivenessfour years after Homo or Hetero prime-boost with 10 μg Hansenulapolymorpha recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HepB-HP) and 20 μgChinese hamster ovary cell HepB (HepB-CHO). Methods A crosssectional study was performed in maternalhepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative children whoreceived one dose of 10 μg HepB-HP at birth, Homo or Heteroprime-boost with 10 μg HepB-HP and 20 μg HepB-CHO at 1 and 6months. HBsAg and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) fouryears after immunization were quantitatively detected by achemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Results A total of 359 children were included; 119 childrenreceived two doses of 10 μg HepB-HP and 120 children receivedtwo doses of 20 μg HepB-CHO, called Homo prime-boost; 120children received Hetero prime-boost with 10 μg HepB-HP and 20μg HepB-CHO. All children were HBsAg negative. The geometricmean concentration (GMC) and overall seropositivity rate (SPR) ofanti-HBs were 59.47 (95%CI: 49.00 - 72.16) mIU/ml and 85.51%(307/359). Nearly 15% of the study subjects had an anti-HBsconcentration < 10 mIU/ml and 5.01% had an anti-HBsconcentration ≤ 2.5 mIU/ml. The GMC of the 20 μg CHO Homoprime-boost group [76.05 (95%CI: 54.97 - 105.19) mIU/ml] washigher than that of the 10 μg HP Homo group [45.86 (95%CI:31.94 - 65.84) mIU/ml] (p = 0.035). The GMCs of the Heteroprime-boost groups (10 μg HP-20 μg CHO and 20 μg CHO-10 μgHP) were 75.86 (95% CI: 48.98 - 107.15) mIU/ml and 43.65(95%CI: 27.54 - 69.18) mIU/ml, respectively (p = 0.041). Aftercontrolling for sex influence, the SPR of the 20 μg CHO Homoprime-boost group was 2.087 times than that of the 10 μg HPHomo group. Discussion The HepB booster was not necessary in the generalchildren, Homo/Hetero prime-boost with 20 μg HepB-CHO wouldincrease the anti-HBs concentration four years after immunization,timely testing and improved knowledge about the self-pay vaccinewould be good for controlling hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yin
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingcui Wen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canya Fu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junji Li
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quanjun Fang
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Gong
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing You
- Department of Microbiology, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canjie Zheng
- Department of Immunoprevention, Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Khetsuriani N, Gamkrelidze A, Shadaker S, Tsereteli M, Alkhazashvili M, Chitadze N, Tskhomelidze I, Gvinjilia L, Averhoff F, Cloherty G, An Q, Chakhunashvili G, Drobeniuc J, Imnadze P, Zakhashvili K, Armstrong PA. Toward reaching hepatitis B goals: hepatitis B epidemiology and the impact of two decades of vaccination, Georgia, 2021. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200837. [PMID: 37498531 PMCID: PMC10375835 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.30.2200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGeorgia has adopted the World Health Organization European Region's and global goals to eliminate viral hepatitis. A nationwide serosurvey among adults in 2015 showed 2.9% prevalence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and 25.9% for antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). HBV infection prevalence among children had previously not been assessed.AimWe aimed to assess HBV infection prevalence among children and update estimates for adults in Georgia.MethodsThis nationwide cross-sectional serosurvey conducted in 2021 among persons aged ≥ 5 years used multi-stage stratified cluster design. Participants aged 5-20 years were eligible for hepatitis B vaccination as infants. Blood samples were tested for anti-HBc and, if positive, for HBsAg. Weighted proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for both markers.ResultsAmong 5-17 year-olds (n = 1,473), 0.03% (95% CI: 0-0.19) were HBsAg-positive and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3-1.6) were anti-HBc-positive. Among adults (n = 7,237), 2.7% (95% CI: 2.3-3.4) were HBsAg-positive and 21.7% (95% CI: 20.4-23.2) anti-HBc-positive; HBsAg prevalence was lowest (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0-1.5) among 18-23-year-olds and highest (8.6%; 95% CI: 6.1-12.1) among 35-39-year-olds.ConclusionsHepatitis B vaccination in Georgia had remarkable impact. In 2021, HBsAg prevalence among children was well below the 0.5% hepatitis B control target of the European Region and met the ≤ 0.1% HBsAg seroprevalence target for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Chronic HBV infection remains a problem among adults born before vaccine introduction. Screening, treatment and preventive interventions among adults, and sustained high immunisation coverage among children, can help eliminate hepatitis B in Georgia by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Khetsuriani
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
| | - Amiran Gamkrelidze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Shaun Shadaker
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
| | - Maia Tsereteli
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Maia Alkhazashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nazibrola Chitadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Lia Gvinjilia
- Eastern Europe and Central Asia Regional Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Gavin Cloherty
- Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition, Abbott Park, IL, United States
| | - Qian An
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
| | - Giorgi Chakhunashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jan Drobeniuc
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
| | - Paata Imnadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Khatuna Zakhashvili
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health of Georgia (NCDC), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Paige A Armstrong
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
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Langat B, Muge EK, Night D, Okoth F, Ochwedo KO, Songok EM. Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and compliance with hepatitis B vaccination schedules among outpatient clinic attendees in Nairobi. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281256. [PMID: 36730277 PMCID: PMC9894478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is becoming a growing public health problem in Kenya. To combat the threat, HBV vaccination should be recommended, particularly for individuals who are not covered by the national immunization program. Vaccination provides sero-protection rates approaching 95% among healthy adults after completing the three-dose vaccination course, but decreases to 87% among those who receive only two doses, emphasizing the importance of completing the three-dose vaccination course. However, data on adult adherence to HBV multi-dose vaccines in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited, despite the fact that this information is critical for prevention. As a result, more research on HBV vaccine dose completion is required. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among out-patient clinic attendees in Nairobi, Kenya, as well as to identify beneficiaries of free vaccination and barriers to completing the recommended vaccine doses. METHODS Between July 30th and September 30th, 2015, 2644 outpatient clinic attendees aged ≥ 4 were recruited from three hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya: Mama Lucy, Riruta, and Loco. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information, and blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the KEMRI HEPCELL Rapid® (Hepatitis B Detection kit) test kit. Individuals who tested negative for HBsAg were given a free course of three doses of HBV vaccine. The vaccination register provided information on the number of doses administered. RESULTS The average age of the study population was 31.4 years (range: 4-66), with females accounting for 59.2%. 1.82% (48/2644) of the participants tested positive for HBsAg. Among the 2596 individuals eligible for vaccination, 66% (1720/2596) received at least one dose, and 51.8% (1345/2596) received all three doses. Vaccination acceptance increased with age, with older patients more likely to return for subsequent dose (OR>1 for second and third dose). Unavailability and failure to contact client were cited as significant (p<0.0001) barrier to vaccination completion by 53.7% (666/1226, 95% CI 0.5-0.6) and 37% (454/1226, 95% CI 0.3-0.4) of respondents respectively. CONCLUSION The prevalence of HBV infection among outpatient clinic attendees highlights the importance of expanding HBV immunization programs in Kenya. However, given the low vaccination completion rate, there is a need for public awareness of the vaccine's importance in preventing HBV and HBV-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Langat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Edward K. Muge
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Doris Night
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick Okoth
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kevin O. Ochwedo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah M. Songok
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Tagbor S, Ohene LA, Adjei CA, Kyei J. Perceptions and Cues to Action as Predictors of Nurses' Vaccination Intentions at Two Primary Health Care Facilities in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:433-440. [PMID: 36535250 PMCID: PMC9896321 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of hepatitis B vaccination by health care providers remains suboptimal in Ghana, although it is considered an effective strategy against the hepatitis B virus. This study aimed to identify the predictors of nurses' hepatitis B vaccination intentions at two municipal health care facilities in Ghana. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was adopted. A section of the health belief model-based questionnaire was administered to 181 nurses conveniently sampled from the two facilities. Data analysis was done using Statistical Product and Service Solutions software version 23.0. Frequencies and percentages were used to assess the demographic characteristics of participants. Pearson r coefficients were used to assess the intercorrelations between individual perceptions, and the cues to action on vaccination intentions. Simple and multiple regression was used to estimate the prediction of individual perceptions, and the cues to action on hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses. The findings showed that nurse-perceived benefits and cues to action were positive and significantly related to hepatitis B vaccination intentions of nurses (r = 0.14, P < 0.05; r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Perceived susceptibility and perceived barrier were negative and significantly related to vaccine intentions (r = -0.13, P < 0.05; r = -0.24, P < 0.01). Notably, perceived barrier predicted hepatitis B vaccination intentions (β = -0.22, t = -2.48, P = 0.01). Nurses' vaccination behavioral intentions were positive. It was recommended that perceived barriers to hepatitis B vaccination such as vaccination ineffectiveness, time constraints, high costs, and side effects should be addressed to increase nurses' vaccination uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tagbor
- Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Kete-Krachi, Ghana
| | - Lillian Akorfa Ohene
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charles Ampong Adjei
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Josephine Kyei
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Chang Y, Yao T, Shi J, Wu YT, Yang F, Yuan CL, Nie XY, Wang FZ, Feng YL, Wang S. [Non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination and influencing factors in HIV-infected patients in the context of different immunization schedules]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:696-701. [PMID: 35589575 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211214-00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study the non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected patients, identify the influencing factors and provide evidence for the development of hepatitis B prevention and control strategies and measures for special population. Methods: On the basis of the randomized controlled trial of 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine immunization at 0-1-6 month, 0-1-2-6 month and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine immunization at 0-1-2-6 month, the HIV-infected patients who completed one-month follow-up after the full course vaccination were selected as study subjects. Quantification of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) in serum samples was performed by using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and demographic characteristics, disease history, HIV infection and treatment status of the study subjects were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by χ2 test, t test, unconditional logistic regression and interaction analyses. Results: The non/hypo-response rates to hepatitis B vaccination were 34.65% (35/101), 24.49% (24/98) and 10.99% (10/91) in 20 µg group at 0-1-6 month or 0-1-2-6 month and 60 µg group at 0-1-2-6 month (P<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that after controlling for confounding factors, the risk for non/hypo-response was 0.22 times higher in HIV-infected patients receiving 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-2-6 month than in patients receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-6 month (95%CI: 0.10-0.50), the risk for non/hypo-response was higher in men than in women (OR=3.65, 95%CI: 1.88-7.07), and the risk for non/hypo-response was 2.64 times higher in those without hepatitis B vaccination history than in those with hepatitis B vaccination history (95%CI: 1.10-6.32). Moreover, there were multiplicative interactions between immunization schedule and gender (OR=2.49, 95%CI: 1.24-5.00). Conclusion: The non/hypo-response rate to hepatitis B vaccination was significantly lower in HIV-infected patients receiving 60 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-2-6 month than in those receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccine at 0-1-6 month and 0-1-2-6 month. Gender, vaccination schedule and history of hepatitis B vaccination were the influencing factors of the non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination. There was a multiplicative interaction between vaccination schedule and gender, and men receiving 20 µg hepatitis B vaccines had a higher risk for non/hypo-response to hepatitis B vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - T Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Y T Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - F Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Yuncheng, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - C L Yuan
- Department of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - X Y Nie
- Department of STD/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - F Z Wang
- Department of National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Y L Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Bruxvoort K, Slezak J, Qian L, Sy LS, Ackerson B, Reynolds K, Huang R, Solano Z, Towner W, Mercado C, Jacobsen SJ. Association Between 2-Dose vs 3-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccine and Acute Myocardial Infarction. JAMA 2022; 327:1260-1268. [PMID: 35333303 PMCID: PMC8957040 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The 2-dose hepatitis B vaccine with a cytosine phosphoguanine adjuvant (HepB-CpG vaccine; Heplisav-B) generated higher seroprotection in prelicensure trials than did a 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine with an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (HepB-alum vaccine; Engerix-B). However, in 1 trial, a higher number of acute myocardial infarction (MI) events were observed among those who received the HepB-CpG vaccine than among those who received the HepB-alum vaccine, an outcome requiring further study. OBJECTIVE To compare the rate of acute MI between recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine and HepB-alum vaccine. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort noninferiority study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), an integrated health care system with 15 medical centers and approximately 4.7 million members. The study included 69 625 adults not undergoing dialysis who received at least 1 dose of a hepatitis B vaccine in either family medicine or internal medicine departments at KPSC from August 7, 2018, to October 31, 2019 (November 30, 2020, final follow-up). EXPOSURES Receipt of HepB-CpG vaccine vs HepB-alum vaccine. The first dose during the study period was the index dose. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Individuals were followed up for 13 months after the index dose for occurrence of type 1 acute MI. Potential events were identified using diagnosis codes and adjudicated by cardiologists. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of acute MI was estimated comparing recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine with recipients of HepB-alum vaccine, with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for demographic and clinical characteristics. The upper limit of the 1-sided 97.5% CI was compared with a noninferiority margin of 2. RESULTS Of the 31 183 recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine (median age, 49 years; IQR, 38-56 years), 51.2% (n = 15 965) were men, and 52.7% (n = 16 423) were Hispanic. Of the 38 442 recipients of HepB-alum (median age, 49 years; IQR, 39-56 years), 50.8% (19 533) were men, and 47.1% (n = 18 125) were Hispanic. Characteristics were well-balanced between vaccine groups after IPTW. Fifty-two type 1 acute MI events were confirmed among recipients of HepB-CpG vaccine for a rate of 1.67 per 1000-person-years, and 71 type 1 acute MI events were confirmed among recipients of HepB-alum vaccine for a rate of 1.86 per 1000 person-years (absolute rate difference, -0.19 [95% CI, -0.82 to 0.44]; adjusted HR, 0.92 [1-sided 97.5% CI, ∞ to 1.32], which was below the noninferiority margin; P < .001 for noninferiority). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, receipt of HepB-CpG vaccine compared with HepB-alum vaccine did not meet the statistical criterion for increased risk of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Bruxvoort
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Jeff Slezak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Lina S. Sy
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Bradley Ackerson
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Kristi Reynolds
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Runxin Huang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Zendi Solano
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - William Towner
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Cheryl Mercado
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Steven J. Jacobsen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin
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LaMori J, Feng X, Pericone CD, Mesa-Frias M, Sogbetun O, Kulczycki A. Hepatitis vaccination adherence and completion rates and factors associated with low compliance: A claims-based analysis of U.S. adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264062. [PMID: 35176102 PMCID: PMC8853527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor compliance with multi-dose vaccine schedules by adults for whom hepatitis (Hep) A and B vaccines are recommended contributes to major Hep A and B disease burdens among high-risk U.S. adults. Evidence on hepatitis vaccine series adherence, completion, timeliness of completion, and factors associated with these outcomes, is limited and not readily generalizable for U.S. adults. This retrospective, observational study examined adherence, completion, its timeliness, and the impact of sociodemographic and clinical factors on these outcomes among a large, geographically representative sample of U.S. adults. We analyzed the Optum Clinformatics SES administrative claims database (1/1/2010-6/30/2020) for recipients of 2-dose (HepA, HepB2) or 3-dose (HepB3, HepAB) hepatitis vaccines. Adherence was defined as receipt of booster doses within specified assessment periods, per label-recommended schedules. Completion (receipt of all doses) was assessed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.The study included 356,828 adults ≥19 years old who were continuously enrolled in a medical benefit plan for one (HepB2), six (HepB3; HepAB), or 18 months (HepA) prior to and following the index date (first observed vaccine dose). Adherence and 24-month completion rates were: HepA (27.0%, 28.4%), HepB2 (32.2%, 44.8%), HepB3 (14.3%, 37.3%), HepAB, (15.3%, 33.8%). Kaplan-Meier completion curves plateaued after about 6 months for HepB2 and about 12 months for HepA, HepB3, and HepAB vaccines. Logistic regression analyses showed risk for low adherence/completion was generally associated with male gender, younger age, Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, lower educational or household income attainment, and more comorbidities. Adherence and completion rates for all hepatitis vaccine series are low, especially for males, younger adults, those with lower socio-economic status and more comorbidities. To our knowledge, this is the largest claims-based analysis of adherence and completion rates for U.S. adults initiating all currently available HepA and HepB vaccines. Findings may inform hepatitis vaccination programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce LaMori
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xue Feng
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Marco Mesa-Frias
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Obiageli Sogbetun
- Janssen Medical Affairs, Titusville, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andrzej Kulczycki
- Department of Health Organization & Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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9
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Ocan M, Acheng F, Otike C, Beinomugisha J, Katete D, Obua C. Antibody levels and protection after Hepatitis B vaccine in adult vaccinated healthcare workers in northern Uganda. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262126. [PMID: 35061771 PMCID: PMC8782524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B vaccine has contributed to the reduction in hepatitis B virus infections and chronic disease globally. Screening to establish extent of vaccine induced immune response and provision of booster dose are limited in most low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). Our study investigated the extent of protective immune response and breakthrough hepatitis B virus infections among adult vaccinated healthcare workers in selected health facilities in northern Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 randomly selected adult hepatitis B vaccinated healthcare workers in Lira and Gulu regional referral hospitals in northern Uganda. Blood samples were collected and qualitative analysis of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (HBsAb), Hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), Hepatitis B envelop antibody (HBeAb) and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) conducted using ELISA method. Quantitative assessment of anti-hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBs) levels was done using COBAS immunoassay analyzer. Multiple logistic regression was done to establish factors associated with protective anti-HBs levels (≥ 10mIU/mL) among adult vaccinate healthcare workers at 95% level of significance. A high proportion, 81.3% (244/300) of the study participants completed all three hepatitis B vaccine dose schedules. Two (0.7%, 2/300) of the study participants had active hepatitis B virus infection. Of the 300 study participants, 2.3% (7/300) had positive HBsAg; 88.7% (266/300) had detectable HBsAb; 2.3% (7/300) had positive HBeAg; 4% (12/300) had positive HBeAb and 17.7% (53/300) had positive HBcAb. Majority, 83% (249/300) had a protective hepatitis B antibody levels (≥10mIU/mL). Hepatitis B vaccine provides protective immunity against hepatitis B virus infection regardless of whether one gets a booster dose or not. Protective immune response persisted for over ten years following hepatitis B vaccination among the healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Ocan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail:
| | - Frances Acheng
- Infectious Disease Institute, College of Health Sciences, Yumbe General Hospital, Makerere University, Yumbe District, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carol Otike
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - David Katete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Celestino Obua
- Department of Pharmacology and Vice Chancellor, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Ewe KYH, Blyth CC, McLeod C, Borland ML, Bowen AC, Yeoh DK, Campbell AJ. Re-examining Hepatitis B Postexposure Prophylaxis Following Pediatric Community-acquired Needle-stick Injury in an Era of a National Immunization Registry. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:80-84. [PMID: 34862347 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term hepatitis B immunity has been demonstrated following the completion of the primary vaccination series in childhood. Some guidelines recommend a hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) directed approach following community-acquired needle-stick injury (CANSI) to inform hepatitis B postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) management. We assessed the utility of anti-HBs testing post-CANSI, as well as the costing of, and adherence to PEP at a pediatric hospital. METHODS Children presenting to an Australian tertiary pediatric hospital post-CANSI (2014-2019) were identified retrospectively using medical and laboratory records. Immunization status was obtained from the Australian Immunisation Registry. RESULTS Fifty-six children with CANSI were identified. Of those with immunization records, all had completed hepatitis B vaccinations (n = 52). At presentation, 44% (n = 23) had anti-HBs <10 IU/L, which was more likely in older (≥6 years, 68%) versus younger children (OR 4.59, P < 0.02). HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine adherence was 65% (15/23) and 78% (18/23), respectively. All children (n = 14) with anti-HBs ≥4 weeks postvaccination ±HBIG, demonstrated an anamnestic response. No hepatitis B infections were detected. Using completed immunizations versus anti-HBs levels as a marker of immunity to direct PEP resulted in a projected cost savings of AUD$ 4234. CONCLUSION Anti-HBs levels <10 IU/L, despite previous vaccinations, were frequent in children post-CANSI, with many demonstrating an anamnestic response. Adherence to postexposure HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine was suboptimal using an anti-HBs directed approach. These data support re-evaluating PEP in an era of the national immunization registry; completion of hepatitis B vaccinations as a marker of immunity provides a practical approach, ensuring optimized care for pediatric CANSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krist Y H Ewe
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Charlie McLeod
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Meredith L Borland
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Asha C Bowen
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
| | - Anita J Campbell
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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11
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Guan TH, Htut HN, Davison CM, Sebastian S, Bartels SA, Aung SM, Purkey E. Implementation of a neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar: A mixed-methods study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261470. [PMID: 34928996 PMCID: PMC8687559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B infection is a major health concern in Myanmar. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission is not universal, especially in births outside of health care facilities. Little is documented about delivery of immunization programs in rural Myanmar or in conflict-affected regions. To address this gap, this study describes the implementation of a novel community delivered neonatal hepatitis B immunization program in rural Karenni State, Myanmar. Methods A mixed-methods study assessed the effectiveness and feasibility of hepatitis B birth dose immunization program. 1000 pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection using point of care testing. Neonates of HBV positive mothers were immunized with a three dose HBV vaccine schedule at birth, 1, and 6 months of age. HBV testing was completed for children at 9 months to assess for infection. Descriptive statistics were collected including demographic data of mothers, neonatal vaccination schedule completion, and child HBV positivity at 9 months. Qualitative data examining barriers to implementation were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant-observation, and analysis of program documents. Themes were codified and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Results 46 pregnant women tested HBV positive leading to 40 live births. 39 women-child dyads were followed until the 9-month age mark. With the exception of two neonates who received their birth dose past 24 hours, all children received their vaccines on time. None of the 39 children tested positive for HBV at nine months. Themes regarding barriers included adaptability of the program to the rural setting, friction with other stakeholders and not meeting all needs of the community. Identified strengths included good communication and leadership within the implementing ethnic health organization. Conclusion A community delivered neonatal HBV vaccination program by ethnic health organizations is feasible and effective in rural Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hugh Guan
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hnin Nandar Htut
- B.K.Kee Foundation, University Avenue Road, Bahan Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Colleen M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shruti Sebastian
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Mindemoya, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Andrea Bartels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soe Moe Aung
- Civil Health and Development Network, Loikaw, Karenni State, Myanmar
| | - Eva Purkey
- Department of Family Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Zerdali E, Nakir IY, Surme S, Yildirim M. Hepatitis B virus prevalence, immunization and immune response in people living with HIV/AIDS in Istanbul, Turkey: a 21-year data analysis. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:1621-1628. [PMID: 35283975 PMCID: PMC8889801 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i4.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to determine Hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, immune status, and the prevalence of antibody response in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Istanbul, Turkey. Methods The study includes PLWHA aged 18 years and older who were followed-up for at least 6 months from 1997 to 2018. Results Of the 653 patients with PLWHA, 99 (15.2%) were both antiHBc-IgG and antiHBs positive, 120 (18.3%) were antiHBc-IgG positive/antiHBs negative. HBsAg was positive in 40 (6.1%) patients. HBsAg positive coinfection (≤40 years 4.6% vs. >40 years 21.7%, p<0.001) and antiHBc-IgG positivity/antiHBs negativity (≤40 years 14.0% vs. >40 years 26.5, p<0.001) were higher in PLWHA older than 40 years. The prevalence of HIV/HBV coinfection reached a peak level of 22.2% in 2004, and it decreased to 3.3% in 2018. The prevalence of immunization before HIV diagnosis was low (15.6%). The prevalence of antibody response (anti-HBs>10 IU/L) after immunization for HBV was 50%. A higher protective response was associated with CD4+≥350 cell/mm3 (59.3%, p=0.014). Conclusion HBV coexistence in PLWHA remains an imperatively important problem. The most conclusive methods in solving this problem are to prevent transmission by immunization and control measures. Also, HBV screening should in no manner be neglected in PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Zerdali
- Haseki Education Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Inci Yilmaz Nakir
- Haseki Education Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Surme
- Haseki Education Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yildirim
- Haseki Education Research Hospital, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
In 2016 the World Health Organization set the goal of eliminating hepatitis B globally by 2030. Horizontal transmission has been greatly reduced in most countries by scaling up coverage of the infant HBV vaccine series, and vertical transmission is therefore becoming increasingly dominant. Here we show that scaling up timely hepatitis B birth dose vaccination to 90% of new-borns in 110 low- and middle-income countries by 2030 could prevent 710,000 (580,000 to 890,000) deaths in the 2020 to 2030 birth cohorts compared to status quo, with the greatest benefits in Africa. Maintaining this could lead to elimination by 2030 in the Americas, but not before 2059 in Africa. Drops in coverage due to disruptions in 2020 may lead to 15,000 additional deaths, mostly in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Delays in planned scale-up could lead to an additional 580,000 deaths globally in the 2020 to 2030 birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J de Villiers
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Shevanthi Nayagam
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy B Hallett
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Feng YL, Chang Y, Shi J, Lan GH, Lu HY, Xiang SM, Wang FZ, Wang SP. [Immunization effect and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected patients with different CD4 +T cell levels]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1559-1565. [PMID: 34814584 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210319-00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the immunogenicity and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected patients with different CD4+T cell (CD4) levels, and analyze the influence effect of CD4 levels on immunization response. Methods: A total of 182 HIV-infected patients who participated in a randomized controlled trial of 20 µg and 60 µg hepatitis B vaccination at month 0, 1, and 6 in 2014 by Guangxi Zhuang Atonomous Region CDC and Ningming county CDC were surveyed. Six months later after the first dose and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years later after the full course of the vaccination, 5 ml of the venous blood of the patients was collected, and the anti-HBs was detected by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA). On the basis of previous studies, this study focused on analyzing the immunogenicity and persistence of hepatitis B vaccine under different CD4 levels. Results: One month later after the whole course of hepatitis B vaccination, the anti-HBs geometric mean concentration (GMC), anti-HBs positive rate (≥10 mIU/ml) and strong positive rate (≥100 mIU/ml) in HIV patients with CD4 <350 cells/µl were 442.50 mIU/ml, 71.05% (27/38) and 44.74% (17/38), respectively, which were significantly lower than those HIV-infected patients with CD4 ≥350 cells/µl [583.90 mIU/ml, 92.13% (117/127) and 77.95% (99/127)] (P<0.05). After controlling the confounding factors, the probability of being anti-HBs positive induced by hepatitis B vaccine in patients with CD4 <350 cells/µl was 0.14 times higher than in those with CD4≥350 cells/µl (95%CI: 0.03-0.62), and patients with CD4 <350 cells/µl had higher risk of no response. From 6 months to 3 years after the whole course of the vaccination, the anti-HBs GMC (195.00-27.55 mIU/ml vs. 300.10-45.81 mIU/ml), the positive rate (56.67%-36.67% vs. 78.57%- 51.58%) and the strong positive rate (33.33%-6.67% vs.44.64%-15.79%) in patients with CD4 <350 cells/µl gradually declined, lower than the levels in those with CD4 ≥350 cells/µl. Conclusions: HIV-infected patients with CD4 <350 cells/µl have high risk of no response to hepatitis B vaccination and poor immune persistence. It is necessary to strengthen the anti-HBs monitoring in HIV-infected patients, with special attention to those with CD4 <350 cells/µl. When anti-HBs is negative, hepatitis B vaccine should be injected as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Y Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - J Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - G H Lan
- Institute of AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, China
| | - H Y Lu
- Institute of AIDS Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530028, China
| | - S M Xiang
- Ningming County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningming 532500, China
| | - F Z Wang
- Department of National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - S P Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
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15
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Kabir A, Lotfi S, Farsi F, Pazouki A. Impact of body mass index on immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in bariatric surgery candidates: A retrospective study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102254. [PMID: 34450550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization is regarded as the most effective method for the prevention of HBV infection. Various factors, including body mass index (BMI), may contribute to decreased immunization responses. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI at the time of vaccination with anti-HBs levels over the following years. METHODS In this retrospective study, 790 vaccinated participants were recruited. Of these, individuals were selected whose hepatitis B antibody (HBsAb) information was available in 2017. The researchers contacted participants by phone to gather data regarding vaccination history, and weight at the time of vaccination. All data analysis was performed by SPSS. RESULTS This study included 165 eligible adults (28 males and 137 females). Among them, 79% participants were obese. Additionally, 46 (27.88%) and 119 (72.12%) had negative and positive HBsAb, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences seen across all characteristics, except for the number of HBV vaccinations between the positive and negative HBsAb groups. Multiple logistic regression also indicated no meaningful relationship between BMI and positive antibodies. CONCLUSION There was no relationship observed between BMI and immune response to HBV vaccine in bariatric candidates. Known risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, and the number of HBV vaccinations) were not independent predictors of the antibody response to the HBV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Lotfi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Farsi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Pazouki
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence for Minimally Invasive Surgery Training, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center of Excellence of European Branch of International Federation for Surgery of Obesity, Tehran, Iran.
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Thompson P, Morgan CE, Ngimbi P, Mwandagalirwa K, Ravelomanana NLR, Tabala M, Fathy M, Kawende B, Muwonga J, Misingi P, Mbendi C, Luhata C, Jhaveri R, Cloherty G, Kaba D, Yotebieng M, Parr JB. Arresting vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (AVERT-HBV) in pregnant women and their neonates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a feasibility study. Lancet Glob Health 2021; 9:e1600-e1609. [PMID: 34416175 PMCID: PMC8607275 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the widespread availability of effective childhood vaccines. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, HBV treatment and birth-dose vaccination programmes are not established. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of adding HBV testing and treatment of pregnant women as well as the birth-dose vaccination of HBV-exposed infants to the HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme infrastructure in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods We did a feasibility study in two maternity centres in Kinshasa: Binza and Kingasani. Using the already established HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme at these two maternity centres, we screened pregnant women for HBV infection at routine prenatal care registration. Those who tested positive and had a gestational age of 24 weeks or less were included in this study. Eligible pregnant women with a high viral load (≥200 000 IU/mL or HBeAg positivity, or both) were considered as having HBV of high risk of mother-to-child transmission and initiated on oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg/day) between 28 weeks and 32 weeks of gestation and continued through 12 weeks post partum. All HBV-exposed infants received a birth-dose of monovalent HBV vaccine (Euvax-B Pediatric: Sanofi Pasteur, Seoul, South Korea; 0·5 mL) within 24 h of life. All women were followed up for 24 weeks post partum, when they completed an exit questionnaire that assessed the acceptability of study procedures. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of screening pregnant women to identify those at high risk for HBV mother-to-child transmission and to provide them with antiviral prophylaxis, the feasibility of administrating the birth-dose vaccine to exposed infants, and the acceptability of this prevention programme. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03567382. Findings Between Sept 24, 2018, and Feb 22, 2019, 4016 women were approached and screened. Of these pregnant women, 109 (2∙7%) were positive for HBsAg. Of the 109 women, 91 (83%) met the eligibility criteria for participation. However, only data from 90 women—excluding one woman who had a false pregnancy—were included in the study analysis. The median overall age of the enrolled women was 31 years (IQR 25–34) and the median overall gestational age was 19 weeks (15–22). Ten (11%) of 91 women evaluated had high-risk HBV infection. Nine (90%) of the ten pregnant women with high-risk HBV infection received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and one (10%) refused therapy and withdrew from the study; five (56%) of the nine women achieved viral suppression (ie, <200 000 IU/mL) on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy by the time of delivery and the remaining four (44%) had decreased viral loads from enrolment to delivery. A total of 88 infants were born to the 90 enrolled women. Of the 88 infants, 60 (68%) received a birth-dose vaccine; of these, 46 (77%) received a timely birth-dose vaccine. No cases of HBV mother-to-child transmission were observed. No serious adverse events associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nor with the birth-dose vaccine were reported. Only one (11%) of nine women reported dizziness during the course of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate therapy. The study procedures were considered highly acceptable (>80%) among mothers. Interpretation Adding HBV screening and treatment of pregnant women and infant birth-dose vaccination to existing HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission platforms is feasible in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Birth-dose vaccination against HBV infection integrated within the current Expanded Programme on Immunisation and HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme could accelerate progress toward HBV elimination in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Camille E Morgan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Ngimbi
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Martine Tabala
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Malongo Fathy
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bienvenu Kawende
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Muwonga
- National AIDS Control Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Misingi
- National Blood Transfusion Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Mbendi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christophe Luhata
- Expanded Programme on Immunisation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ravi Jhaveri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Didine Kaba
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Yotebieng
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan B Parr
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Vargas JI, Jensen D, Martínez F, Sarmiento V, Peirano F, Acuña P, Provoste F, Bustos V, Cornejo F, Fuster A, Acuña M, Fuster F, Soto S, Estay D, Jensen W, Ahumada R, Arab JP, Soza A, Fuster F. Comparative Efficacy of a High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Schedule Among Patients With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2120929. [PMID: 34424307 PMCID: PMC8383137 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Active immunization for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recommended in patients living with HIV. Limited evidence is available about the most appropriate regimen of HBV vaccination among those who have not responded to an initial schedule. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a high-dose schedule compared with a standard dose of HBV vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial included patients living with HIV at a single outpatient HIV and hepatology clinic in Chile for whom previous HBV vaccination had failed. Patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers less than 10 IU/L after an initial HBV vaccination regimen were included. Consecutive patients were recruited between December 2013 and March 2018. Data were analyzed in June 2018 using intention-to-treat analysis. INTERVENTION The high-dose HBV vaccination group consisted of 3 doses of 40 μg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 months. The standard-dose group received 3 doses 20 μg each at 0, 1, and 2 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was the serologic response to HBV vaccination (anti-HBs greater than 10 IU/L) 4 to 8 weeks after completion of the schedule. Secondary outcomes were anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L and seroprotective anti-HBs at 1 year follow up. RESULTS A total of 107 patients underwent randomization (55 to the standard-dose group, 52 to the high-dose group); 81 (75.7%) were men, and the mean (SD) patient age was 47.0 (13.3) years. Nearly all patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy (105 patients [98%]) and 92 patients (86%) had an undetectable HIV viral load. Mean (SD) CD4 count was 418 (205) cells/mm3. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Serological response in the high-dose group was found in 36 of 50 patients (72%; 95% CI, 56.9%-82.9%) compared with 28 of 55 patients in the standard-dose group (51%; 95% CI, 37.1%-64.6%) (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.02-6.10; P = .03). Mean (SD) anti-HB levels were 398.0 (433.4) IU/L in the high-dose group and 158.5 (301.4) IU/L in the standard-dose group (P < .001). Of patients with a serological response in the high-dose group, 29 of 36 (80.6%) had anti-HBs titers greater than 100 IU/L compared with 14 of 28 responders (50.0%) in the standard-dose group (P = .02). At 1-year follow-up, 20 of 25 patients (80.0%) with a serological response in the high-dose group had protective anti-HBs vs 9 of 23 patients (39.1%) in the standard-dose group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that use of a high-dose regimen for HBV revaccination for patients with HIV achieves a higher and longer-lasting serological response as compared with a standard-dose regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02003703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Vargas
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jensen
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Felipe Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | | | - Felipe Peirano
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Pedro Acuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Felipe Provoste
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Valentina Bustos
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Antonieta Fuster
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Martin Acuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Felipe Fuster
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | | | - Denisse Estay
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Werner Jensen
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ahumada
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Soza
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Khetsuriani N, Mosina L, Van Damme P, Mozalevskis A, Datta S, Tohme RA. Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control - World Health Organization European Region, 2016-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:1029-1035. [PMID: 34324482 PMCID: PMC8323554 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7030a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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19
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Gomes LC, Sanson MCG, Brainin P, de Melo MDCV, de Souza RM, Mazaro J, Lima KO, Resende JS, Vieira IVM, Mesquita EDS, Matos LO, Dutra ICS, Palmisano G, Wrenger C, Marinho CRF, da Silva RDSU. Levels of hepatitis B antibody titers are affected by age and doses gap time in children from a high endemic area of the western Amazon. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253752. [PMID: 34197516 PMCID: PMC8248698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite completion of the vaccine schedule for hepatitis B virus (HBV), children may display levels of HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs) that are considered inadequate for sufficient protection (<10 IU/L). Aims Our aim was to investigate if age and gap time between HBV vaccine doses may negatively affect the levels of anti-HBs in children, and if these relationships are modified by sex. Methods In a high-endemic HBV region of the western Brazilian Amazon we enrolled children who had completed the HBV vaccine schedule. All children underwent analysis of anti-HBs and a clinical examination. Results We included 522 children (mean age 4.3 ± 0.8 years; 50% male). Median anti-HBs was 28.4 [interquartile range (IQR) 5.4 to 128.6] IU/L and 32% had anti-HBs <10 IU/L. The median gap time from last to preceding dose was 2.4 [IQR 2.1 to 3.3] months. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age (-42% per year increase [95%CI -56% to -24%], p<0.001), but not with longer gap time (+23% per month increase [95%CI -16% to +62%], p = 0.249). After adjusting for relevant confounders, gap time became significant (p = 0.032) and age remained a significant predictor of anti-HBs (p<0.001). Conclusion One third of assessed children displayed anti-HBs <10 IU/L. Levels of anti-HBs decreased with higher age and increased with longer gap time between the last two doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cordeiro Gomes
- Health and Sport Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karine Oliveira Lima
- Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Júnia Silva Resende
- Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luan Oliveira Matos
- Multidisciplinary Center, Federal University of Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | | | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Wrenger
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Savoji MA, Sereshgi MMA, Ghahari SMM, Asgarhalvaei F, Mahdavi M. Formulation of HBsAg in Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant: Immunogenicity study and monitoring long-lived humoral immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107599. [PMID: 33848910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Montanide ISA 51VG adjuvant has been approved for human clinical application and stimulates cellular and humoral immune responses. Here, HBsAg was formulated in Montanide ISA51VG adjuvant to compare its potency with the Fendrix and HBsAg-alum vaccines. In particular, the long-term humoral response was assessed up to 220 days after the final immunization. BALB/c mice were allocated into six groups. Treatment groups were injected with HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG, the Fendrix and commercial HBsAg-alum, respectively. Montanide ISA51 VG, Alum and PBS injected mice were considered as control groups. Mice were immunized three times with 2-week intervals on days 0, 14 and 28 by subcutaneous injection. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed with the BrdU method. IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 cytokines, specific total IgG and IgG1/IgG2a isotypes were assessed using ELISA. The HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG vaccine resulted in a significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation versus HBsAg-alum and higher IL-2 cytokine production versus the Fendrix. Comparable IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines responses were observed for these vaccines. Following the first immunization, IgG increased more in HBs-Montanide 51VG group versus the HBs-alum group, while after the second and third shots comparable responses were observed in comparison to the HBs-alum group. Monitoring for 220 days after the final vaccination showed the superiority of HBsAg-Montanide ISA 51VG vaccine versus HBsAg-alum and even the Fendrix vaccine in the induction of long-term antibody responses. This study suggests that HBsAg-Montanide ISA51VG as a novel vaccine formulation can trigger both cellular and long-lasting humoral immune responses more efficiently than conventional HBsAg vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Savoji
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Asgarhalvaei
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Mazzitelli M, Greco G, Serapide F, Scaglione V, Morrone H, Marascio N, Giancotti A, Liberto M, Matera G, Trecarichi E, Torti C. Outcome of HBV screening and vaccination in a migrant population in southern Italy. Infez Med 2021; 29:236-241. [PMID: 34061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Although Italy is considered a low prevalence setting for HBV infection, following significant migration in recent years there has been an increase in the occurrence of the disease. Italian guidelines recommend that all migrants be screened, vaccinated and treated for HBV, as required. Unfortunately, screening and vaccination in this population can be challenging for several reasons. We therefore conducted an analysis to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of the pathways of care (from screening to treatment) for HBV in a population of migrants. We evaluated 330 migrants who came to our centre between August 2015 and October 2018, and who were residing in seven different centres for refugees and asylum seekers. At the first evaluation, only 30% of them had already received screening for HBV. After our intervention, 23 (6.9%) were diagnosed as HBsAg carriers, whereas 204 (61.8%) were potentially eligible for vaccination. At a follow-up evaluation of the latter group, only 56.9% had by then been vaccinated, 17.6% had the vaccination course ongoing, and 17.1% had not started their vaccination course. Among those who were HBsAg positive, 73.9% were still in care at month 6 of follow-up, and only 43.3% were in care one year later. Our results demonstrated that both screening and vaccination strategies for HBV need to be improved in migrant populations. Similarly, a reinforcement of the network to keep in care migrants who initiated treatment or deserve clinical monitoring is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazzitelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Greco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scaglione
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Helen Morrone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Aida Giancotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - MariaCarla Liberto
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Microbiology Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - EnricoMaria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Malamba SS, Muyinda H, Ogwang DM, Katamba A, Zamar DS, Jongbloed K, Sewankambo NK, Schechter MT, Spittal PM. Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): Chronic Hepatitis B Virus among post-conflict affected populations living in mid-Northern Uganda. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251573. [PMID: 34043637 PMCID: PMC8158885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The legacy of war in Northern Uganda continues to impact people’s health and wellbeing in the Acholi region. Despite increasing attention to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Uganda and globally, concerns remain that unique drivers of infection, and barriers to screening, and treatment, persist among those affected by conflict. Methods Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant) cohort survey involved conflict-affected adults aged 13–49 in three mid-Northern Uganda districts (Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya). Baseline (2011–2012) samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e-antigen (HBeAg), antibodies to HBV surface antigen (HBsAb), antibodies to HBV e-antigen (HBeAb), and antibodies to HBV core antigen (HBcAb). All HBsAg positive samples were tested for IgM antibodies to HBV B core antigen (HBc-IgM) and where available, >6-month follow-up samples were tested for HBeAg and HBV DNA. Data were analyzed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression accounted for variance due to complex two-stage sampling that included stratification, unequal selection probabilities and community clustering. Odds ratios measured effect potential risk factors associated with chronic HBV infection. Results Among 2,421 participants, 45.7% were still susceptible to HBV infection. HBsAg seropositivity was 11.9% (10.9–13.0), chronic HBV was 11.6% (10.4–12.8), acquired immunity resulting from vaccination was 10.9%, and prior natural infection was 31.5%. Older age (OR:0.570; 95%CI:0.368–0.883) and higher education (OR:0.598; 95%CI:0.412–0.868) were associated with reduced odds of chronic HBV infection. Being male (OR:1.639; 95%CI:1.007–2.669) and having been abducted (OR:1.461; 95%CI:1.055–2.023) were associated with increased odds of infection. Among women, having 1 or 2 pregnancies (compared to none or >2) was associated with increased odds of infection (OR:1.764; 95%CI:1.009–3.084). Conclusion Chronic HBV is endemic in Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya districts. Recommended strategies to reduce post-conflict prevalence include establishment of Northern Uganda Liver Wellness Centres, integration of screening and treatment into antenatal care, and roll out of birth-dose vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Malamba
- HIV Reference Laboratory Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Herbert Muyinda
- Child Health Development Center, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - D. Martin Ogwang
- St Mary’s Hospital–Lacor, Gulu, Uganda
- Northern Uganda Program on Health Sciences, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Achilles Katamba
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David S. Zamar
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Jongbloed
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Martin T. Schechter
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Patricia M. Spittal
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Dhingra MS, Namazova-Baranova L, Arredondo-Garcia JL, Kim KH, Limkittikul K, Jantarabenjakul W, Perminova O, Kobashi IAR, Bae CW, Ojeda J, Park J, Chansinghakul D, B'Chir S, Neveu D, Bonaparte M, Jordanov E. Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine administered concomitantly with other paediatric vaccines in toddlers: a phase III randomised study. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 149:e90. [PMID: 33814028 PMCID: PMC8080229 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive meningococcal disease has high morbidity and mortality, with infants and young children among those at greatest risk. This phase III, open-label, randomised study in toddlers aged 12-23 months evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT), a tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y, when coadministered with paediatric vaccines (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]; varicella [V]; 6-in-1 combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib] and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13])(NCT03205371). Immunogenicity to each meningococcal serogroup was assessed by serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA). Vaccine safety profiles were described up to 30 days post-vaccination. A total of 1183 participants were enrolled. The proportion with seroprotection (hSBA ≥1:8) to each meningococcal serogroup at Day 30 was comparable between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + MMR + V groups (≥92 and ≥96%, respectively), between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib groups (≥90% for both) and between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + PCV13 groups (≥91 and ≥84%, respectively). The safety profiles of MenACYW-TT, and MMR + V, DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib, and PCV13, with or without MenACYW-TT, were generally comparable. Coadministration of MenACYW-TT with paediatric vaccines in toddlers had no clinically relevant effect on the immunogenicity and safety of any of the vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Dhingra
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | - L. Namazova-Baranova
- Institute of Pediatrics, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - K.-H. Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Woman's University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K. Limkittikul
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W. Jantarabenjakul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - O. Perminova
- City Children Clinical Outpatient Hospital #5, Perm, Russia
| | | | - C.-W. Bae
- Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - J. Ojeda
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Park
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - S. B'Chir
- Global Biostatistical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - D. Neveu
- Global Pharmacovigilance, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | - M. Bonaparte
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
| | - E. Jordanov
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA
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Ninyio NN, Ho KL, Yong CY, Chee HY, Hamid M, Ong HK, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Tan WS. Chimeric Virus-Like Particles of Prawn Nodavirus Displaying Hepatitis B Virus Immunodominant Region: Biophysical Properties and Cytokine Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041922. [PMID: 33672018 PMCID: PMC7919259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a major global health challenge. In the absence of an effective treatment for the disease, hepatitis B vaccines provide protection against the viral infection. However, some individuals do not have positive immune responses after being vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccines available in the market. Thus, it is important to develop a more protective vaccine. Previously, we showed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) ‘a’ determinant (aD) displayed on the prawn nodavirus capsid (Nc) and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells (namely, Nc-aD-Sf9) self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). Immunisation of BALB/c mice with the Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs showed significant induction of humoral, cellular and memory B-cell immunity. In the present study, the biophysical properties of the Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs were studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the antigenicity of the Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs, and multiplex ELISA was employed to quantify the cytokine response induced by the VLPs administered intramuscularly into BALB/c mice (n = 8). CD spectroscopy of Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs showed that the secondary structure of the VLPs predominantly consisted of beta (β)-sheets (44.8%), and they were thermally stable up to ~52 °C. ELISA revealed that the aD epitope of the VLPs was significantly antigenic to anti-HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) antibodies. In addition, multiplex ELISA of serum samples from the vaccinated mice showed a significant induction (p < 0.001) of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. This cytokine profile is indicative of natural killer cell, macrophage, dendritic cell and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities, which suggests a prophylactic innate and adaptive cellular immune response mediated by Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs. Interestingly, Nc-aD-Sf9 induced a more robust release of the aforementioned cytokines than that of Nc-aD VLPs produced in Escherichia coli and a commercially used hepatitis B vaccine. Overall, Nc-aD-Sf9 VLPs are thermally stable and significantly antigenic, demonstrating their potential as an HBV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Nyakaat Ninyio
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.L.H.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Hui Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (K.L.H.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-6715; Fax: +603-9769-7590
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Firsowicz M, Hollinger FB, Sood GK, Dao H. Sleeping Beauty and Hepatitis B: An Evidence-Based Guide for Dermatologists. Skinmed 2021; 19:37-41. [PMID: 33658111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The association between immunosuppressive therapy for dermatologic conditions and the subsequent reactivation of hepatitis B is of major medical concern. It remains a point of interest across multiple disciplines, including hepatology, dermatology, rheumatology, and infectious disease. Accordingly, we present an evidence-based practice algorithm on how best to approach a patient with presumptively cleared hepatitis B infection when anticipating the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. This guide delineates the risk of reactivation by taking into account the immunosuppressive agent of choice and presents recommendations for antiviral prophylaxis and laboratory monitoring. Booster vaccination as a potential to decrease the risk of hepatitis B reactivation is likewise discussed. (SKINmed. 2021;19:-0).
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Moris P, Bellanger A, Ofori-Anyinam O, Jongert E, Yarzabal Rodriguez JP, Janssens M. Whole blood can be used as an alternative to isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measure in vitro specific T-cell responses in human samples. J Immunol Methods 2021; 492:112940. [PMID: 33493551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2020.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinology is confronted with diseases for which the control of T-cell responses by the vaccine is essential. Among the assays that have been designed to assess T-cell responses, intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) combined with flow cytometry is well-suited in the frame of clinical trials. This assay can be used starting from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or from whole blood (WB), but firm equivalence between the two sample preparation methods has yet to be established. Therefore, we compared both methods by analyzing the frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells expressing at least two of four immune markers in human samples taken from two independent clinical trials (NCT00397943 and NCT00805389) with a qualified ICS assay. In the first study, M72-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were analyzed using WB-ICS and PBMC-ICS in 293 samples. Of these, 128 were double positive (value ≥ lower limit of quantification [LLOQ] with both methods), 130 were double negative and only 35 sample results were discordant, leading to an overall agreement of 88.05%. When analyzing the 128 double positive samples, it was found that the geometric mean of ratios (GMR) for paired observations was 0.98, which indicates a very good alignment between the two methods. The Deming regression fitted between the methods also showed a good correlation with an estimated slope being 1.1085. In the second study, HBsAg-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were analyzed in 371 samples. Of these, 100 were double positive, 195 were double negative and 76 sample results were discordant, leading to an overall agreement of 79.51%. The GMR for paired observations was equal to 1.20, caused by a trend for overestimation in favor of the WB samples in the very high frequencies. The estimated slope of the Deming regression was 1.3057. In conclusion, we demonstrated that WB and PBMC methods of sample collection led to statistically concordant ICS results, indicating that WB-ICS is a suitable alternative to PBMC-ICS to analyze clinical trial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erik Jongert
- GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium.
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Virta M, Soininen A, Patel DM, Petit C, Tabar C, Lyabis O. Persistence of Hepatitis B Immune Memory Until 6 Years of Age Following Hexavalent DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T Vaccination in a 3-, 5- and 11- to 12-month Schedule and Response to a Subsequent Hepatitis B Challenge Vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:e28-e30. [PMID: 33284254 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-hepatitis B (HBs) antibody persistence and hepatitis B challenge were evaluated at 6 years of age following vaccination of fully liquid DTaP-IPV-HB-PRP~T or reconstituted DTaP-IPV-HB//PRP~T at 3, 5, 11-12 months of age. At 6 years, 53.8% and 73.5% had seroprotective anti-HBs antibodies (≥10 mIU/mL), increasing to 96.7% and 95.9% postchallenge, confirming a strong anamnestic response in primed vaccinees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Virta
- From the Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere
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Hefele L, Syphan S, Xayavong D, Homsana A, Kleine D, Chanthavilay P, Nouanthong P, Xaydalasouk K, Phathammavong O, Billamay S, Xeuatvongsa A, Reinharz D, Black AP, Muller CP. Timeliness of immunisation with the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system in the Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242502. [PMID: 33290386 PMCID: PMC7723256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The timely administration of vaccines is considered to be important for both individual and herd immunity. In this study, we investigated the timeliness of the diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b (pentavalent) vaccine, scheduled at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. We also investigated factors associated with delayed immunization. Methods 1162 children aged 8–28 months who had received the full course of the pentavalent vaccine at different levels of the health care system were enrolled. Vaccination dates documented in hospital records and/or immunisation cards were recorded. Age at vaccination and time intervals between doses were calculated. Predictors for timely completion with the pentavalent vaccine at 24 weeks were assessed by bivariate and multivariable analyses. Results Several discrepancies in dates between vaccination documents were observed. In general, vaccination with the pentavalent vaccine was found to be delayed, especially in health care settings below the provincial hospital level. Compared to the central hospital level, less participants who were vaccinated at the district/health center level received the third dose by 16 (48% at the central hospital level vs. 7.1% at the district and 12.4% at the health center level) and 24 weeks of age (94.4% at the central hospital level vs 64.6% at the district-outreach and 57.4% at the health center level) respectively. In logistic regression analyses, lower education level of the mother as well as vaccination by outreach service, were independently associated with delayed completion of vaccination. Conclusion We observed a general delay of vaccination, especially at lower ranked facilities, which correlated with indicators of poor access to health services. This highlights the need for further improving health equity in rural areas. Age-appropriate vaccination should become a quality indicator for the national immunization programme. In addition, we recommend further training of the health care staff regarding the importance of reliable documentation of dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hefele
- Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Anousin Homsana
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Daria Kleine
- Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anonh Xeuatvongsa
- Expanded Programme on Immunisation, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Daniel Reinharz
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Antony P. Black
- Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Lao-Lux Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
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Dhouib W, Kacem M, bennasrallah C, Ben Fredj M, Abroug H, Zemni I, Chelly S, Maalel I, Samia GS, Belguith Sriha A. Hepatitis B birth vaccination, cohort study, Tunisia 2000-2017. Libyan J Med 2020; 15:1809223. [PMID: 32822288 PMCID: PMC7482885 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2020.1809223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the efficiency of the first dose of Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine: at Birth versus at 3 months and to evaluate the efficacy of HB vaccine. We conducted a cohort study in the governorate of Monastir. Vaccinated Cohort (VC) included populations receiving the first dose at 3 months (Protocol 1), and at birth (HepB-BD) (Protocol 2). First dose was followed by at least two doses. We collected, from January 2000 to December 2017, cases diagnosed by serological markers (hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc). We calculated Absolute Risk (AR) per 100,000 PY and the Relative risk reduction (RRR). Twenty-five cases were notified among VC and 1501 cases among not vaccinated cohort (NVC). Twenty-three cases were notified among the cohort receiving the first dose at 3 months and two cases in Protocol 2. The AR per 100,000 PY was 5.67 (CI95%: 3.36-7.99) in Protocol 1 and 0.11 (CI95%: 0.001-0.26) in Protocol 2. The RRR was 77% (95% CI: 66; 85) in Protocol 1 and 99.4% (95% CI: 97.8; 99.9) in Protocol 2. We identified 4 HB cases for children aged between 5 and 11 who benefited from protocol 1 (born between 2000 and 2006) and zero cases for children of the same age group benefiting from protocol 2 (born between 2011 and 2017). The annual number of HB has decreased from 112 in 2000 to 48 in 2017. We predicted 40 new cases of HB in 2030. HepB-BD was 99.4% effective at preventing HB. The continuity of HepB-BD worldwide would achieve WHO's goal of eliminating HB as a threat to health by 2050. ABBREVIATIONS AR: Absolute Risk; ARR: Absolute Risk Reduction; G1: Group1; G2: Group2; HB: Hepatitis B; HepB-BD: Hepatitis B Birth Dose; MENA: Middle East and North Africa; NNV: Number Needed to Vaccine; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; NVC: Not Vaccinated Cohort; PY: Person Year; RRR: Relative Risk Reduction; RR: Relative Risk; VC: Vaccinated Cohort; WHO: World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Dhouib
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Kacem
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cyrine bennasrallah
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Fredj
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hela Abroug
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Zemni
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Chelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Issam Maalel
- The Regional Direction of Primary Health of Monastir, Minister of Health, Tunisia
| | - Grira Said Samia
- The Regional Direction of Primary Health of Monastir, Minister of Health, Tunisia
| | - Asma Belguith Sriha
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Johnson SC. Vaccination and Immunoprotection in People with HIV. Top Antivir Med 2020; 28:465-468. [PMID: 34107205 PMCID: PMC8224241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines play an important role in HIV primary care and are available for several sexually transmitted infections, including those caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV). HAV vaccination is increasingly important, given recent hepatitis A outbreaks and lack of immunity in many adults. A novel formulation of the hepatitis B vaccine shows promise in increasing rates of seroprotection. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends the meningococcal conjugate vaccine for all individuals with HIV and has expanded the age range for administration of the HPV vaccine, recommending shared decision making about its administration in adults aged 27 to 45 years. This article summarizes a presentation by Steven C. Johnson, MD, at the International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) annual continuing education program held in New York, New York, in September 2019.
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Abreu TC, Boshuizen H, Mollema L, Berbers GAM, Korthals Altes H. Association between season of vaccination and antibody levels against infectious diseases. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e276. [PMID: 33148351 PMCID: PMC7770373 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has reduced the disease burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, the extent to which seasonal cycles of immunity could influence vaccine-induced immunity is not well understood. A national cross-sectional serosurveillance study performed in the Netherlands (Pienter-2) yielded data to investigate whether season of vaccination was associated with antibody responses induced by DT-IPV (diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis), MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) and meningococcus C (MenC) vaccines in children. In total, 434 children met the inclusion criteria to study DT-IPV immunity, 811 for MMR and 311 for MenC. Differences in log(antibody levels) by season of vaccination were investigated with linear multivariable regression analyses. Seroconversion rates varied according to season of vaccination for rubella (90% of autumn-vaccinated children vs. 99% of winter-vaccinated had concentrations above cut-off levels). Summer-vaccinated boys showed a slower decline of tetanus antibodies (6% per month), in comparison with winter-vaccinated boys. In conclusion, season of vaccination showed little association with immunological protection. However, a number of associations were seen with a P-value of about 0.03; and adding data from a just-completed nationwide serological study might add more power to the current study. Further immunological and longitudinal investigations could help understand the mechanisms of seasonal influence in vaccine-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Abreu
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. Boshuizen
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - L. Mollema
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - G. A. M. Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H. Korthals Altes
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Bruxvoort K, Slezak J, Huang R, Ackerson B, Sy LS, Qian L, Reynolds K, Towner W, Solano Z, Mercado C, Hyer R, Janssen R, Jacobsen SJ. Association of Number of Doses With Hepatitis B Vaccine Series Completion in US Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2027577. [PMID: 33252692 PMCID: PMC7705595 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Receipt of hepatitis B virus vaccine is important to prevent infection. However, adherence to the hepatitis B vaccine series among adults at risk of infection has been low. OBJECTIVE To assess whether recipients of a 2-dose hepatitis B vaccine with cytosine phosphoguanine adjuvant (HepB-CpG vaccine; Heplisav-B) are more likely to complete their series compared with recipients of a 3-dose vaccine with alum adjuvant (comparator vaccine; Engerix-B [HepB-alum]). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nested cohort study was conducted from August 7 to December 31, 2018, at Kaiser Permanente Southern California, an integrated health care system with a diverse population of approximately 4.6 million members. Adults not receiving dialysis who received a first dose of a hepatitis B vaccine series in family practice or internal medicine departments of 15 Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical centers were followed up through electronic health records for up to 1 year after receipt of the first dose. Data were analyzed from March 16 to September 23, 2020. EXPOSURES Receipt of a first dose of the HepB-CpG vaccine (2-dose vaccine) vs receipt of a first dose of the HepB-alum vaccine (3-dose vaccine). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Series completion within the recommended vaccine schedule plus 3 months (primary outcome) and series completion within 1 year after receipt of the first dose (secondary outcome). RESULTS Of 4727 individuals who initiated the HepB-CpG vaccine series and 6161 individuals who initiated the HepB-alum vaccine series included in the study, 2876 (60.8%) and 3789 (61.5%), respectively, were ages 40 to 59 years, 2415 (51.1%) and 3113 (50.5%) were male, and 2364 (50.0%) and 2881 (46.8%) were Hispanic. The vaccine series was completed within the recommended schedule plus 3 months for 2111 (44.7%) individuals who initiated the HepB-CpG vaccine series and 1607 (26.1%) individuals who initiated the HepB-alum vaccine series, and within 1 year for 2858 (60.5%) and 1989 (32.3%) individuals, respectively. The individuals who initiated the HepB-CpG vaccine series were significantly more likely to complete the series (adjusted relative risk, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.68-1.87). Results were consistent across clinical and demographic strata. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, use of the HepB-CpG vaccine was associated with hepatitis B vaccine series completion, but tailored strategies to increase completion of hepatitis B vaccine series are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Bruxvoort
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Jeff Slezak
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Runxin Huang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Bradley Ackerson
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Lina S. Sy
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Lei Qian
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Kristi Reynolds
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - William Towner
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Zendi Solano
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Cheryl Mercado
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
| | - Randall Hyer
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, California
| | - Robert Janssen
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Emeryville, California
| | - Steven J Jacobsen
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena
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Banty A, Melmed GY. Improving Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination Responses in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Does Greater Dose and Greater Frequency Lead to Greater Protection? Am J Gastroenterol 2020; 115:1797-1798. [PMID: 33156097 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of hepatitis B (HBV) infection is particularly important for patients with inflammatory bowel disease because of risks of HBV reactivation on immunosuppressive therapies. However, immune responses to standard HBV vaccination regimens are suboptimal. Chaparro et al. compared immune responses to 2 vaccines, an adjuvanted HBV vaccine (Fendrix) and double-dosed standard vaccine (Engerix-B) using an accelerated, 4-dose regimen (0, 1, 2, and 6 months). Although the study did not demonstrate superiority of one vaccine over another, several lessons can be derived regarding immune response to vaccinations among patients with inflammatory bowel disease, including the need to consider nonstandard regimens for patients on immunosuppression. These lessons can be translated broadly, including to a potential future severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine when one becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Banty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Awoke N, Mulgeta H, Lolaso T, Tekalign T, Samuel S, Obsa MS, Olana R. Full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage and associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241226. [PMID: 33108365 PMCID: PMC7591041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hepatitis B vaccine is the backbone of hepatitis B prevention. All health care workers must receive a full-dose (3-dose vaccine series) to achieve >90% protection against hepatitis B virus. There is limited evidence available on vaccination coverage of HBV among health care workers in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the national full-dose hepatitis B vaccination coverage and the associated factors among health care workers in Ethiopia. METHODS Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Google Scholar by using a combination of search terms with Boolean operators. The quality of each study was evaluated independently by three authors using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects (DerSimonian and Laird) method. The heterogeneity test was conducted by using I-squared (I2) statistics. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 15 articles with 5734 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination coverage among health care workers in Ethiopia was 20.04% (95% CI: 13.83, 26.26); I2 = 98.9%). Being male sex (p = 0.002), having work experience of less than 5 years (p < 0.001), educational level of diploma and below (p = 0.003), health care providers who received training on infection prevention (p < 0.001), and those who had a history of exposure to blood and body fluids (p = 0.001), were factors significantly associated with full-dose hepatitis B virus vaccination. CONCLUSION The national full-dose hepatitis B vaccination coverage among health care workers was low. Training of health care workers in infection prevention, particularly in hepatitis B and testing and providing hepatitis B vaccination for newly recruited staff and every 5 years for those long-term workers were recommended to increase the uptake of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefsu Awoke
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Mulgeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Lolaso
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tiwabwork Tekalign
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Serawit Samuel
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Suleiman Obsa
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Robera Olana
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Bierhoff M, Rijken MJ, Yotyingaphiram W, Pimanpanarak M, van Vugt M, Angkurawaranon C, Nosten F, Ehrhardt S, Thio CL, McGready R. Tenofovir for prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B in migrant women in a resource-limited setting on the Thailand-Myanmar border: a commentary on challenges of implementation. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:156. [PMID: 32912268 PMCID: PMC7488314 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this manuscript is to highlight challenges in the implementation of maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir) for prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in resource limited setting. Current preventive strategies in resource-limited settings fail mainly due to prohibitive costs of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and a high proportion of homebirths, meaning both HBIG and hepatitis B birth dose vaccine are not given. A new strategy for PMTCT without the necessity of HBIG, could be daily tenofovir commenced early in gestation. Implementation challenges to early tenofovir for PMTCT can provide insight to elimination strategies of HBV as the burden of disease is high in resource-limited settings. METHODS Challenges encountered during implementation of a study of tenofovir for PMTCT before 20 weeks gestation in rural and resource-limited areas on the Thailand-Myanmar border were identified informally from trial study logbooks and formally from comments from patients and staff at monthly visits. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02995005. MAIN BODY During implementation 171 pregnant women were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive by point of-care test over 19 months (May-2018 until Dec-2019). In this resource-limited setting where historically no clinic has provided tenofovir for PMTCT of HBV, information provided by staff resulted in a high uptake of study screening (95.5% (84/88) when offered to pregnant women. False positive point-of-care rapid tests hinder a test and treat policy for HBV and development of improved rapid tests that include HBeAg and/or HBV DNA would increase efficiency. Integrated care of HBV to antenatal care, transport assistance and local agreements to facilitate access, could increase healthcare at this critical stage of the life course. As safe storage of medication in households in resource-limited setting may not be ideal, interactive counseling about this must be a routine part of care. CONCLUSION Despite challenges, results from the study to date suggest tenofovir can be offered to HBV-infected women in resource-limited settings before 20 weeks gestation with a high uptake of screening, high drug accountability and follow-up, with provision of transportation support. This commentary has highlighted practical implementation issues with suggestions for strategies that support the objective of PMTCT and the World Health Organization goal of HBV elimination by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bierhoff
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M J Rijken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Global Health, The Julius Centre for Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W Yotyingaphiram
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - M Pimanpanarak
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
| | - M van Vugt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Angkurawaranon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - F Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C L Thio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, 63110, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Duraisamy GS, Bhosale D, Lipenská I, Huvarova I, Růžek D, Windisch MP, Miller AD. Advanced Therapeutics, Vaccinations, and Precision Medicine in the Treatment and Management of Chronic Hepatitis B Viral Infections; Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Viruses 2020; 12:v12090998. [PMID: 32906840 PMCID: PMC7552065 DOI: 10.3390/v12090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is an area of massive unmet clinical need worldwide. In spite of the development of powerful nucleoside/nucleotide analogue (NUC) drugs, and the widespread use of immune stimulators such as interferon-alpha (IFNα) or PEGylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFNα), substantial improvements in CHB standards of care are still required. We believe that the future for CHB treatment now rests with advanced therapeutics, vaccination, and precision medicine, if all are to bring under control this most resilient of virus infections. In spite of a plethora of active drug treatments, anti-viral vaccinations and diagnostic techniques, the management of CHB infection remains unresolved. The reason for this is the very complexity of the virus replication cycle itself, giving rise to multiple potential targets for therapeutic intervention some of which remain very intractable indeed. Our review is focused on discussing the potential impact that advanced therapeutics, vaccinations and precision medicine could have on the future management of CHB infection. We demonstrate that advanced therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CHB, in the form of gene and immune therapies, together with modern vaccination strategies, are now emerging rapidly to tackle the limitations of current therapeutic approaches to CHB treatment in clinic. In addition, precision medicine approaches are now gathering pace too, starting with personalized medicine. On the basis of this, we argue that the time has now come to accelerate the design and creation of precision therapeutic approaches (PTAs) for CHB treatment that are based on advanced diagnostic tools and nanomedicine, and which could maximize CHB disease detection, treatment, and monitoring in ways that could genuinely eliminate CHB infection altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Dattatry Bhosale
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Ivana Lipenská
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Ivana Huvarova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
| | - Daniel Růžek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marc P. Windisch
- Applied Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Andrew D. Miller
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, CZ-62100 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.S.D.); (D.B.); (I.L.); (I.H.); (D.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, Černá Pole, CZ-61300 Brno, Czech Republic
- KP Therapeutics (Europe) s.r.o., Purkyňova 649/127, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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de Villiers MJ, Gamkrelidze I, Hallett TB, Nayagam S, Razavi H, Razavi-Shearer D. Modelling hepatitis B virus infection and impact of timely birth dose vaccine: A comparison of two simulation models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237525. [PMID: 32776972 PMCID: PMC7416941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a global epidemic that requires carefully orchestrated vaccination initiatives in geographical regions of medium to high endemicity to reach the World Health Organization’s elimination targets by 2030. This study compares two widely-used deterministic hepatitis B models—the Imperial HBV model and the CDA Foundation’s PRoGReSs—based on their predicted outcomes in four countries. The impact of scaling up of the timely birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine is also investigated. The two models predicted largely similar outcomes for the impact of vaccination programmes on the projected numbers of new cases and deaths under high levels of the infant hepatitis B vaccine series. However, scenarios for the scaling up of the infant hepatitis B vaccine series had a larger impact in the PRoGReSs model than in the Imperial model due to the infant vaccine series directly leading to the reduction of perinatal transmission in the PRoGReSs model, but not in the Imperial model. Meanwhile, scaling up of the timely birth dose vaccine had a greater impact on the outcomes of the Imperial hepatitis B model than in the PRoGReSs model due to the greater protection that the birth dose vaccine confers to infants in the Imperial model compared to the PRoGReSs model. These differences underlie the differences in projections made by the models under some circumstances. Both sets of assumptions are consistent with available data and reveal a structural uncertainty that was not apparent in either model in isolation. Those relying on projections from models should consider outputs from both models and this analysis provides further evidence of the benefits of systematic model comparison for enhancing modelling analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J. de Villiers
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivane Gamkrelidze
- Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Lafayette, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Timothy B. Hallett
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shevanthi Nayagam
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Homie Razavi
- Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Lafayette, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Devin Razavi-Shearer
- Center for Disease Analysis Foundation, Lafayette, Colorado, United States of America
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Moreno-Fernández J, García-Seco JA, Rodrigo EMO, Segura AMS, García-Seco F, Muñoz-Rodríguez JR. Vaccination adherence to influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B virus in adult type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. Prim Care Diabetes 2020; 14:343-348. [PMID: 31582202 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To document adherence to influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programme in adult type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observational retrospective study using data obtained from computerized clinical records. We contacted all adult T1DM registered in our database from a tertiary diabetes care hospital. Primary efficacy outcome was to describe influenza, pneumococcal and HBV vaccination status. RESULTS Three hundred patients were analyzed (male 53%). Mean age was 40.0±14.4years and T1DM duration was 19.7±11.8years. Thirty-five percent of the patients had complementary indications for studied vaccines. Adherence to vaccination program for influenza, pneumococcal and HBV was achieved by 55%, 18% and 17% of the patients, respectively. Only 3% of the subjects were vaccinated against the three microorganisms. Predictor of correct vaccination were: age, shorter diabetes duration, insulin pump treatment, better diabetes control and being a health professional. We detected 17 sick leaves, 127 lost working days and 3 hospitalizations due to flue during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The uptake of recommended vaccinations against influenza, pneumococcal and HBV in adult T1DM patients was below desirable levels. A special effort is required to all health professionals to implement immunization among adult people with T1DM. Clinical Trials NCT03478254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Moreno-Fernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Ciudad Real University Hospital, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Sandhu HS, Roesel S, Sharifuzzaman M, Chunsuttiwat S, Tohme RA. Progress Toward Hepatitis B Control - South-East Asia Region, 2016-2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:988-992. [PMID: 32730237 PMCID: PMC7392392 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6930a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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40
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Wang W, Zhou X, Bian Y, Wang S, Chai Q, Guo Z, Wang Z, Zhu P, Peng H, Yan X, Li W, Fu YX, Zhu M. Dual-targeting nanoparticle vaccine elicits a therapeutic antibody response against chronic hepatitis B. Nat Nanotechnol 2020; 15:406-416. [PMID: 32123380 PMCID: PMC7223715 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B is caused by prolonged infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can substantially increase the risk of developing liver disease. Despite the development of preventive vaccines against HBV, a therapeutic vaccine inducing an effective antibody response still remains elusive. The preS1 domain of the large HBV surface protein is the major viral attachment site on hepatocytes and thus offers a therapeutic target; however, its poor immunogenicity limits clinical translation. Here, we design a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine that can deliver preS1 to specific myeloid cells, including SIGNR1+ dendritic cells (which activate T follicular helper cells) and lymphatic sinus-associated SIGNR1+ macrophages (which can activate B cells). This nanoparticle vaccine induces a high-level and persistent anti-preS1 response that results in efficient viral clearance and partial serological conversion in a chronic HBV mouse model, offering a promising translatable vaccination strategy for the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenqian Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgical Oncology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Hosking K, Stewart G, Mobsby M, Skov S, Zhao Y, Su JY, Tong S, Nihill P, Davis J, Connors C, Davies J. Data linkage and computerised algorithmic coding to enhance individual clinical care for Aboriginal people living with chronic hepatitis B in the Northern Territory of Australia - Is it feasible? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232207. [PMID: 32343712 PMCID: PMC7188233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is endemic in the Aboriginal population of Australia's Northern Territory (NT). However, many people's hepatitis B virus (HBV) status remains unknown. OBJECTIVE 1. To maximise the utility of existing HBV test and vaccination data in the NT by creating a linked dataset and computerised algorithmic coding. 2. To undertake rigorous quality assurance processes to establish feasibility of using the linked dataset and computerised algorithmic coding for individual care for people living with CHB. METHODS Step 1: We used deterministic data linkage to merge information from three separate patient databases. HBV testing and vaccination data from 2008-2016 was linked and extracted for 19,314 people from 21 remote Aboriginal communities in the Top End of the NT. Step 2: A computerised algorithm was developed to allocate one of ten HBV codes to each individual. Step 3: A quality assurance process was undertaken by a clinician, using standardised processes, manually reviewing all three databases, for a subset of 5,293 Aboriginal people from five communities to check the accuracy of each allocated code. RESULTS The process of data linking individuals was highly accurate at 99.9%. The quality assurance process detected an overall error rate of 17.7% on the HBV code generated by the computerised algorithm. Errors occurred in source documentation, primarily from the historical upload of paper-based records to electronic health records. An overall HBV prevalence of 2.6% in five communities was found, which included ten cases of CHB who were previously unaware of infection and not engaged in care. CONCLUSIONS Data linkage of individuals was highly accurate. Data quality issues and poor sensitivity in the codes produced by the computerised algorithm were uncovered in the quality assurance process. By systematically, manually reviewing all available data we were able to allocate a HBV status to 91% of the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hosking
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Stewart
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Mikaela Mobsby
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Skov
- Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Yuejen Zhao
- Innovation & Research, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jiunn-Yih Su
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Disease Control, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Steven Tong
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Nihill
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Joshua Davis
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Connors
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Primary Health Care Branch, Top End Health Service, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Lee JH, Hong S, Im JH, Lee JS, Baek JH, Kwon HY. Systematic review and meta-analysis of immune response of double dose of hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected patients. Vaccine 2020; 38:3995-4000. [PMID: 32334887 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is high and increases risk of hepatitis B chronicity and mortality. Despite guidelines for HIV-infected patients to be immunized against HBV, the immunogenicity of the HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients is lower than that in the HIV-seronegative population. METHOD In this study, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to investigate the response rate to an increased dose of HBV vaccination in HIV-infected patients. A fixed-effects model, with heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses, was used. We identified nine studies involving 970 HIV-positive vaccine recipients. RESULTS The study results were divided into two groups, depending on the time when antibody against hepatitis surface antigen was measured. Results showed a significant increase in response rates among patients who received a double dose of the vaccine versus the standard dose in both subgroups; the pooled odds ratio (OR) was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-2.29) and 2.28 (95% CI: 1.73-3.01) for the rate that was measured 4-6 weeks and >12 months after completion of vaccination, respectively. The total OR was 1.99 (95% CI: 1.64-2.41). No heterogeneity was found. DISCUSSION Our meta-analysis shows that a double dose of the HBV vaccine may significantly improve the immune response in HIV-infected patients. Higher immunogenicity was observed, when it was measured 4-6 weeks and >12 months after completion of the vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seri Hong
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyoung Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hea Yoon Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Olivera I, Grau C, Dibarboure H, Torres JP, Mieres G, Lazarov L, Alvarez FP, Yescas JGL. Valuing the cost of improving Chilean primary vaccination: a cost minimization analysis of a hexavalent vaccine. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:295. [PMID: 32272920 PMCID: PMC7147015 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phased withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) and the introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is central to the polio 'end-game' strategy. METHODS We analyzed the cost implications in Chile of a switch from the vaccination scheme consisting of a pentavalent vaccine with whole-cell pertussis component (wP) plus IPV/OPV vaccines to a scheme with a hexavalent vaccine with acellular pertussis component (aP) and IPV (Hexaxim®) from a societal perspective. Cost data were collected from a variety of sources including national estimates and previous vaccine studies. All costs were expressed in 2017 prices (US$ 1.00 = $Ch 666.26). RESULTS The overall costs associated with the vaccination scheme (4 doses of pentavalent vaccine plus 1 dose IPV and 3 doses OPV) from a societal perspective was estimated to be US$ 12.70 million, of which US$ 8.84 million were associated with the management of adverse events related to wP. In comparison, the cost associated with the 4-dose scheme with a hexavalent vaccine (based upon the PAHO reference price) was US$ 19.76 million. The cost of switching to the hexavalent vaccine would be an additional US$ 6.45 million. Overall, depending on the scenario, the costs of switching to the hexavalent scheme would range from an additional US$ 2.62 million to US$ 6.45 million compared with the current vaccination scheme. CONCLUSIONS The switch to the hexavalent vaccine schedule in Chile would lead to additional acquisition costs, which would be partially offset by improved logistics, and a reduction in adverse events associated with the current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, CINVE, Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Grau
- Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, CINVE, Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Chile Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Mieres
- Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, CINVE, Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luis Lazarov
- Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, CINVE, Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
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McNaughton AL, Lourenço J, Bester PA, Mokaya J, Lumley SF, Obolski U, Forde D, Maponga TG, Katumba KR, Goedhals D, Gupta S, Seeley J, Newton R, Ocama P, Matthews PC. Hepatitis B virus seroepidemiology data for Africa: Modelling intervention strategies based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003068. [PMID: 32315297 PMCID: PMC7173646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection set ambitious targets for 2030. In African populations, infant immunisation has been fundamental to reducing incident infections in children, but overall population prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection remains high. In high-prevalence populations, adult catch-up vaccination has sometimes been deployed, but an alternative Test and Treat (T&T) approach could be used as an intervention to interrupt transmission. Universal T&T has not been previously evaluated as a population intervention for HBV infection, despite high-profile data supporting its success with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS AND FINDINGS We set out to investigate the relationship between prevalence of HBV infection and exposure in Africa, undertaking a systematic literature review in November 2019. We identified published seroepidemiology data representing the period 1995-2019 from PubMed and Web of Science, including studies of adults that reported prevalence of both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg; prevalence of HBV infection) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc; prevalence of HBV exposure). We identified 96 studies representing 39 African countries, with a median cohort size of 370 participants and a median participant age of 34 years. Using weighted linear regression analysis, we found a strong relationship between the prevalence of infection (HBsAg) and exposure (anti-HBc) (R2 = 0.45, p < 0.001). Region-specific differences were present, with estimated CHB prevalence in Northern Africa typically 30% to 40% lower (p = 0.007) than in Southern Africa for statistically similar exposure rates, demonstrating the need for intervention strategies to be tailored to individual settings. We applied a previously published mathematical model to investigate the effect of interventions in a high-prevalence setting. The most marked and sustained impact was projected with a T&T strategy, with a predicted reduction of 33% prevalence by 20 years (95% CI 30%-37%) and 62% at 50 years (95% CI 57%-68%), followed by routine neonatal vaccination and prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT; at 100% coverage). In contrast, the impact of catch-up vaccination in adults had a negligible and transient effect on population prevalence. The study is constrained by gaps in the published data, such that we could not model the impact of antiviral therapy based on stratification by specific clinical criteria and our model framework does not include explicit age-specific or risk-group assumptions regarding force of transmission. CONCLUSIONS The unique data set collected in this study highlights how regional epidemiology data for HBV can provide insights into patterns of transmission, and it provides an evidence base for future quantitative research into the most effective local interventions. In combination with robust neonatal immunisation programmes, ongoing PMTCT efforts, and the vaccination of high-risk groups, diagnosing and treating HBV infection is likely to be of most impact in driving advances towards elimination targets at a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. McNaughton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Armand Bester
- Division of Virology, University of the Free State and National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jolynne Mokaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila F. Lumley
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uri Obolski
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Donall Forde
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tongai G. Maponga
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kenneth R. Katumba
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Dominique Goedhals
- Division of Virology, University of the Free State and National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Seeley
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Faculty of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Newton
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chen Z, Zeng M, Liu D, Wu L, Zhang L. Antenatal administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine to prevent mother to child transmission in hepatitis B virus surface antigen positive pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19886. [PMID: 32312015 PMCID: PMC7220666 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at evaluating the benefits and harms of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) in preventing mother to child transmission in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positive pregnant women during antenatal period. METHODS Seven electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), and 3 clinical trial registry platforms were searched from inception date to December 2017. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this study. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was applied to assessing the risk of bias. The outcomes were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS Sixteen RCTs involving 2440 HBsAg positive pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo group, HBIG and HBVac group had a significant decrease in the number of newborns who were HBsAg positive (relative risks [RR]: 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.40], P < .00001) and HBV-DNA positive (RR: 0.25, 95% CI [0.09, 0.71], P = .010), and had a significant increase in the number of anti-HBs positive newborns (RR: 3.95, 95% CI [3.11, 5.00], P < .00001). After 1-year follow up, the number of HBsAg positive newborns continued to decline (RR: 0.09, 95% CI [0.04, 0.20], P < .00001) and the number of anti-HBs positive newborns continued to increase in HBIG and HBVac group (RR: 1.30, 95% CI [1.22, 1.38], P < .00001). Compared with HBIG group, HBIG and HBVac group had no significant difference in the number of HBsAg positive newborns (RR: 1.68, 95% CI [0.66, 4.30], P = .28), and had a significant decrease in the number of HBsAg positive newborns (RR: 0.31, 95% CI [0.12, 0.84], P = .02). Additionally, only 1 study reported 2 swelling cases, 4 studies were reported no adverse events, and 11 studies were not report adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS HBIG and HBVac could be an effective alternative for HBsAg positive pregnant women to prevent mother to child transmission. However, due to the limitations of the study, the long-term efficacy and safety of HBIG and HBVac still need long-term and high-quality research to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Pharmacy
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
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46
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Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Youngster I. Understanding Newborn Hepatitis B Immunization Refusal: One Size Does Not Fit All. Isr Med Assoc J 2020; 22:191-192. [PMID: 32147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung
- Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit and the Center for Microbiome Research, Shamir Medical Center (Assaf Harofeh), Zerifin, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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47
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Fadlyana E, Dhamayanti M, Tarigan R, Mulia Sari R, Sjafri Bachtiar N, Kartasasmita CB, Rusmil K. Immunogenicity and safety profile of a primary dose of bivalent oral polio vaccine given simultaneously with DTwP-Hb-Hib and inactivated poliovirus vaccine at the 4th visit in Indonesian infants. Vaccine 2020; 38:1962-1967. [PMID: 31982261 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the immunological protectivity of infants following four doses of bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV; Bio Farma), which were given simultaneously with DTwP-Hb-Hib (Pentabio®), along with one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at the fourth visit. A total of 143 newborn infants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and completed the study. Subjects received the first dose of bOPV at birth. On days 60, 90 and 120, bOPV was given simultaneously with Pentabio®. On day 120, one dose of IPV was also administered. Serum samples for serology analysis were collected before the first dose of bOPV (at day 0), before the second dose of bOPV (at day 60) and 30 days after the last dose of bOPV. In addition, the intensity, duration and relationship of each adverse event to the trial vaccines were assessed. Seroprotection rates after the fourth dose of bOPV were 100%, 91.6% and 99.3% for poliovirus P1, P2 and P3, respectively. Seroconversion rates after the fourth dose of bOPV were 100.0%, 93.3% and 100% for poliovirus P1, P2 and P3, respectively. There were no severe adverse events, and systemic reactions were generally mild during the 1-28 day post-vaccination period. Collectively, our findings indicate that bOPV given simultaneously with Pentabio® and one dose of IPV at the 4th visit was immunogenic and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Fadlyana
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Meita Dhamayanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rodman Tarigan
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Cissy B Kartasasmita
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Kusnandi Rusmil
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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48
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Oliver SE, Moore KL. Licensure of a Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis, Inactivated Poliovirus, Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate, and Hepatitis B Vaccine, and Guidance for Use in Infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:136-139. [PMID: 32027629 PMCID: PMC7004397 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6905a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
On December 21, 2018 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) adsorbed, inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate (meningococcal protein conjugate) and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Vaxelis; MCM Vaccine Company),* for use as a 3-dose series in infants at ages 2, 4, and 6 months (1). On June 26, 2019, after reviewing data on safety and immunogenicity, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)† voted to include DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB in the federal Vaccines for Children (VFC) program.§ This report summarizes the indications for DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB and provides guidance for its use.
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Abstract
The US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that infants beginning at birth receive several vaccines directed against a variety of infectious diseases that currently pose threats of morbidity and mortality to infants and those around them, including the 3-dose hepatitis B (HepB) series. The first dose is due at birth. This series protects against maternal-infant transmission of the HepB virus and against exposure the rest of the infant's life. At age 2 months infants are to receive not only their second dose of HepB vaccine but also a series of vaccines directed against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, pneumococcus, rotavirus, poliovirus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. At 4 months, infants are to repeat those vaccines except for the HepB vaccine. At age 6 months infants are to finish the HepB series and receive the third doses of the other vaccines received at 2 and 4 months except for the rotavirus vaccine, depending on the brand used. Also, starting at 6 months, depending on the time of year, infants are to begin a 2-dose series against influenza separated by 28 days. Each of these vaccines is due at a time when the vaccine works to protect against an immediate risk and to provide long-term protection. These vaccine-preventable diseases vary in terms of the nature of exposure, the form of the morbidity, the risk of mortality, and the ability of routine vaccination to prevent or ameliorate harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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50
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Jin Y, Geng N, Zhao L, Li Y, Zheng L, Zhu W, Sheng Q, An Z, Wang J, Dou X, Bai H. The Prevalence of HBV Infection: A Retrospective Study of 13 Years in a Public Hospital of Northeast China. Viral Immunol 2019; 33:99-104. [PMID: 31834847 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was an imbalance in different provinces of China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and evaluate the prophylactic measures in a public hospital of northeast China over the preceding 13 years. A total of 13,948 patients in 2004 and 15,256 patients in 2017 of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were tested of serum HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBeAb, and HBcAb levels with Abbott MEIA Kits. In people born before 1992, HBsAg-positive rate was 5.45% and 6.47%; isolated HBsAb positive rate was 14.62% and 21.24%; HBV marker negative rate was 54.27% and 42.77% in 2004 and 2017 survey, respectively. The males had a significant higher HBsAg-positive rate than the females. In people born during 1992-2004, HBsAg positive rate was 0.58% and 0.57%, isolated HBsAb positive rate was 41.47% and 46.57%; and HBV marker negative rate was 51.97% and 46.86% in 2004 and 2017 survey, respectively. Males and females had no difference of HBsAg-positive rate. In children born after 2005, HBsAg positive rate was 0.11%, isolated HBsAb positive rate was 76.68%, and HBV marker negative rate was 18.51% in 2017 survey. No difference of HBsAg-positive rate was found between the genders. A dramatic decrease of HBsAg positive rate and a progressive increase of HBsAb-positive rate were found among people born after 1992 and progressed further in those born after 2005. Immunization of infants and timely birth dose was the key method for prevention of HBV infection. Expanded HB vaccination would be needed for people born before 2005, especially those born between 1992 and 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Nan Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Lianrong Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Leyu Zheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Sheng
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ziying An
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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