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Cornejo F, Franchini N, Cortés BI, Elgueta D, Cancino GI. Neural conditional ablation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor Delta PTPRD impairs gliogenesis in the developing mouse brain cortex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357862. [PMID: 38487272 PMCID: PMC10937347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by alterations in the development of the cerebral cortex, including aberrant changes in the number and function of neural cells. Although neurogenesis is one of the most studied cellular processes in these pathologies, little evidence is known about glial development. Genetic association studies have identified several genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Indeed, variations in the PTPRD gene have been associated with numerous brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, restless leg syndrome, and schizophrenia. We previously demonstrated that constitutive loss of PTPRD expression induces significant alterations in cortical neurogenesis, promoting an increase in intermediate progenitors and neurons in mice. However, its role in gliogenesis has not been evaluated. To assess this, we developed a conditional knockout mouse model lacking PTPRD expression in telencephalon cells. Here, we found that the lack of PTPRD in the mouse cortex reduces glial precursors, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. According to our results, this decrease in gliogenesis resulted from a reduced number of radial glia cells at gliogenesis onset and a lower gliogenic potential in cortical neural precursors due to less activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and reduced expression of gliogenic genes. Our study shows PTPRD as a regulator of the glial/neuronal balance during cortical neurodevelopment and highlights the importance of studying glial development to understand the etiology of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nayhara Franchini
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I. Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Elgueta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Muñoz-Diaz P, Jiménez K, Luraschi R, Cornejo F, Figueroa M, Vera C, Rivas-Pardo A, Sandoval JM, Vásquez C, Arenas F. Anaerobic RSH-dependent tellurite reduction contributes to Escherichia coli tolerance against tellurite. Biol Res 2022; 55:13. [PMID: 35313991 PMCID: PMC8935827 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tellurium is a rare metalloid that exerts high toxicity on cells, especially on bacteria, partly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, it has also been observed that tellurite can target free cell thiols groups (RSH) (i.e. reduced glutathione (GSH)), enhancing the cellular redox imbalance. Additionally, in vitro experiments have suggested that several enzymes can reduce tellurite (IV) to its elemental form (0); where RSH present on their active sites may be responsible for the process. Nevertheless, the mechanisms implemented by bacteria for tellurite reduction and its role in resistance have not been evaluated in vivo. RESULTS This work shows that tellurite reduction to elemental tellurium is increased under anaerobic conditions in E. coli cells. The in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular concentration of total RSH, in the presence and absence of oxygen. This metabolization of tellurite directly contributes to the resistance of the bacteria to the oxyanion. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that in vivo tellurite reduction is related to the intracellular thiol concentration, i.e. large availability of cellular RSH groups, results in a more significant reduction of tellurite. Furthermore, we observed that, when the bacterium exhibits less resistance to the oxyanion, a decreased tellurite reduction was seen, affecting the growth fitness. Together, these results let us propose that tellurite reduction and the intracellular RSH content are related to the oxyanion bacterial resistance, this tripartite mechanism in an oxygen-independent anaerobic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muñoz-Diaz
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Jiménez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Luraschi
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Cornejo
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Figueroa
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Vera
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Rivas-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Genómica Microbiana, Centro de Genómica Y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - C Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química Y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Cornejo F, Cortés BI, Findlay GM, Cancino GI. LAR Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase Family in Healthy and Diseased Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659951. [PMID: 34966732 PMCID: PMC8711739 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are major regulators of signal transduction and they are involved in key cellular mechanisms such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. Here we focus on one class of protein phosphatases, the type IIA Receptor-type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (RPTPs), or LAR-RPTP subfamily. In the last decade, LAR-RPTPs have been demonstrated to have great importance in neurobiology, from neurodevelopment to brain disorders. In vertebrates, the LAR-RPTP subfamily is composed of three members: PTPRF (LAR), PTPRD (PTPδ) and PTPRS (PTPσ), and all participate in several brain functions. In this review we describe the structure and proteolytic processing of the LAR-RPTP subfamily, their alternative splicing and enzymatic regulation. Also, we review the role of the LAR-RPTP subfamily in neural function such as dendrite and axon growth and guidance, synapse formation and differentiation, their participation in synaptic activity, and in brain development, discussing controversial findings and commenting on the most recent studies in the field. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcomes of LAR-RPTP mutations, which are associated with several brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián I Cortés
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Greg M Findlay
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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4
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Vargas JI, Jensen D, Martínez F, Sarmiento V, Peirano F, Acuña P, Provoste F, Bustos V, Cornejo F, Fuster A, Acuña M, Fuster F, Soto S, Estay D, Jensen W, Ahumada R, Arab JP, Soza A, Fuster F. Comparative Efficacy of a High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Schedule Among Patients With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2120929. [PMID: 34424307 PMCID: PMC8383137 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.20929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Active immunization for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is recommended in patients living with HIV. Limited evidence is available about the most appropriate regimen of HBV vaccination among those who have not responded to an initial schedule. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of a high-dose schedule compared with a standard dose of HBV vaccination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial included patients living with HIV at a single outpatient HIV and hepatology clinic in Chile for whom previous HBV vaccination had failed. Patients with hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers less than 10 IU/L after an initial HBV vaccination regimen were included. Consecutive patients were recruited between December 2013 and March 2018. Data were analyzed in June 2018 using intention-to-treat analysis. INTERVENTION The high-dose HBV vaccination group consisted of 3 doses of 40 μg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 0, 1, and 2 months. The standard-dose group received 3 doses 20 μg each at 0, 1, and 2 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome was the serologic response to HBV vaccination (anti-HBs greater than 10 IU/L) 4 to 8 weeks after completion of the schedule. Secondary outcomes were anti-HBs greater than 100 IU/L and seroprotective anti-HBs at 1 year follow up. RESULTS A total of 107 patients underwent randomization (55 to the standard-dose group, 52 to the high-dose group); 81 (75.7%) were men, and the mean (SD) patient age was 47.0 (13.3) years. Nearly all patients were receiving antiretroviral therapy (105 patients [98%]) and 92 patients (86%) had an undetectable HIV viral load. Mean (SD) CD4 count was 418 (205) cells/mm3. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups. Serological response in the high-dose group was found in 36 of 50 patients (72%; 95% CI, 56.9%-82.9%) compared with 28 of 55 patients in the standard-dose group (51%; 95% CI, 37.1%-64.6%) (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.02-6.10; P = .03). Mean (SD) anti-HB levels were 398.0 (433.4) IU/L in the high-dose group and 158.5 (301.4) IU/L in the standard-dose group (P < .001). Of patients with a serological response in the high-dose group, 29 of 36 (80.6%) had anti-HBs titers greater than 100 IU/L compared with 14 of 28 responders (50.0%) in the standard-dose group (P = .02). At 1-year follow-up, 20 of 25 patients (80.0%) with a serological response in the high-dose group had protective anti-HBs vs 9 of 23 patients (39.1%) in the standard-dose group (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that use of a high-dose regimen for HBV revaccination for patients with HIV achieves a higher and longer-lasting serological response as compared with a standard-dose regimen. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02003703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Vargas
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jensen
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Felipe Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | | | - Felipe Peirano
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Pedro Acuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Felipe Provoste
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Valentina Bustos
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Naval Almirante Nef, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Antonieta Fuster
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Martin Acuña
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Sede Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar
| | - Felipe Fuster
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar
| | | | - Denisse Estay
- Hepatology Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Werner Jensen
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ahumada
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Gustavo Fricke, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Soza
- Gastroenterology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tomita H, Cornejo F, Aranda-Pino B, Woodard CL, Rioseco CC, Neel BG, Alvarez AR, Kaplan DR, Miller FD, Cancino GI. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Delta Regulates Developmental Neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:215-228.e5. [PMID: 31914388 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPRD is a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is genetically associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we asked whether Ptprd mutations cause aberrant neural development by perturbing neurogenesis in the murine cortex. We show that loss of Ptprd causes increases in neurogenic transit-amplifying intermediate progenitor cells and cortical neurons and perturbations in neuronal localization. These effects are intrinsic to neural precursor cells since acute Ptprd knockdown causes similar perturbations. PTPRD mediates these effects by dephosphorylating receptor tyrosine kinases, including TrkB and PDGFRβ, and loss of Ptprd causes the hyperactivation of TrkB and PDGFRβ and their downstream MEK-ERK signaling pathway in neural precursor cells. Moreover, inhibition of aberrant TrkB or MEK activation rescues the increased neurogenesis caused by knockdown or homozygous loss of Ptprd. These results suggest that PTPRD regulates receptor tyrosine kinases to ensure appropriate numbers of intermediate progenitor cells and neurons, suggesting a mechanism for its genetic association with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tomita
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Begoña Aranda-Pino
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Cameron L Woodard
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Constanza C Rioseco
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alejandra R Alvarez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - David R Kaplan
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Freda D Miller
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Gonzalo I Cancino
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada; Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
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6
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Muñoz-Villagrán C, Contreras F, Cornejo F, Figueroa M, Valenzuela-Bezanilla D, Luraschi R, Reinoso C, Rivas-Pardo J, Vásquez C, Castro M, Arenas F. Understanding gold toxicity in aerobically-grown Escherichia coli. Biol Res 2020; 53:26. [PMID: 32513271 PMCID: PMC7278051 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an emerging field to put into practice new strategies for developing molecules with antimicrobial properties. In this line, several metals and metalloids are currently being used for these purposes, although their cellular effect(s) or target(s) in a particular organism are still unknown. Here we aimed to investigate and analyze Au3+ toxicity through a combination of biochemical and molecular approaches. Results We found that Au3+ triggers a major oxidative unbalance in Escherichia coli, characterized by decreased intracellular thiol levels, increased superoxide concentration, as well as by an augmented production of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase. Because ROS production is, in some cases, associated with metal reduction and the concomitant generation of gold-containing nanostructures (AuNS), this possibility was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions Au3+ is toxic for E. coli because it triggers an unbalance of the bacterium’s oxidative status. This was demonstrated by using oxidative stress dyes and antioxidant chemicals as well as gene reporters, RSH concentrations and AuNS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muñoz-Villagrán
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Contreras
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Cornejo
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Figueroa
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Valenzuela-Bezanilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Santiago, Chile
| | - R Luraschi
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Reinoso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Santiago, Chile
| | - J Rivas-Pardo
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Biología estructural, Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Vásquez
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Castro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Santiago, Chile.
| | - F Arenas
- Laboratorio Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Méndez-Ruette M, Linsambarth S, Moraga-Amaro R, Quintana-Donoso D, Méndez L, Tamburini G, Cornejo F, Torres RF, Stehberg J. The Role of the Rodent Insula in Anxiety. Front Physiol 2019; 10:330. [PMID: 30984021 PMCID: PMC6450210 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The human insula has been consistently reported to be overactivated in all anxiety disorders, activation which has been suggested to be proportional to the level of anxiety and shown to decrease with effective anxiolytic treatment. Nonetheless, studies evaluating the direct role of the insula in anxiety are lacking. Here, we set out to investigate the role of the rodent insula in anxiety by either inactivating different insular regions via microinjections of glutamatergic AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX or activating them by microinjection of GABA receptor antagonist bicuculline in rats, before measuring anxiety-like behavior using the elevated plus maze. Inactivation of caudal and medial insular regions induced anxiogenic effects, while their activation induced anxiolytic effects. In contrast, inactivation of more rostral areas induced anxiolytic effects and their activation, anxiogenic effects. These results suggest that the insula in the rat has a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behavior in rats, showing regional differences; rostral regions have an anxiogenic role, while medial and caudal regions have an anxiolytic role, with a transition area around bregma +0.5. The present study suggests that the insula has a direct role in anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxs Méndez-Ruette
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Linsambarth
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daisy Quintana-Donoso
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Méndez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo F Torres
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Villacís JE, Bovera M, Romero-Alvarez D, Cornejo F, Albán V, Trueba G, Dorn HF, Reyes JA. NDM-1 carbapenemase in Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type 32 in Ecuador. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 29:100526. [PMID: 30976430 PMCID: PMC6438911 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To describe a clinical case of Acinetobacter baumannii sequence type (ST) 32 harbouring a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) in Ecuador. Methods We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to confirm the bacterial species and the sequence type of an A. baumannii isolate. We used synergy with the imipenem–EDTA disc method and the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) to determine carbapenemase production; the presence of a carbapenemase gene was confirmed by PCR amplification and amplicon sequencing. Results Molecular characterization revealed the presence of A. baumannii ST32 harbouring the blaNDM-1 gene in Ecuador. The blaNDM-1 gene was isolated through PCR and amplified from a purified plasmid. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. baumannii ST32 harbouring the blaNDM-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Villacís
- Carrera de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública 'Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez', Quito, Ecuador
| | - M Bovera
- Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
| | - D Romero-Alvarez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - F Cornejo
- Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
| | - V Albán
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - G Trueba
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - H F Dorn
- Hospital de los Valles, Quito, Ecuador
| | - J A Reyes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.,Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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9
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10
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Eugenín J, Vecchiola A, Murgas P, Arroyo P, Cornejo F, von Bernhardi R. Expression Pattern of Scavenger Receptors and Amyloid-β Phagocytosis of Astrocytes and Microglia in Culture are Modified by Acidosis: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:857-73. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Murgas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cornejo F, von Bernhardi R. Age-Dependent Changes in the Activation and Regulation of Microglia. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2016; 949:205-226. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40764-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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von Bernhardi R, Cornejo F, Parada GE, Eugenín J. Role of TGFβ signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:426. [PMID: 26578886 PMCID: PMC4623426 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD); being associated with conspicuous changes on microglia activation. Aged microglia exhibit an increased expression of cytokines, exacerbated reactivity to various stimuli, oxidative stress, and reduced phagocytosis of β-amyloid (Aβ). Whereas normal inflammation is protective, it becomes dysregulated in the presence of a persistent stimulus, or in the context of an inflammatory environment, as observed in aging. Thus, neuroinflammation can be a self-perpetuating deleterious response, becoming a source of additional injury to host cells in neurodegenerative diseases. In aged individuals, although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is upregulated, its canonical Smad3 signaling is greatly reduced and neuroinflammation persists. This age-related Smad3 impairment reduces protective activation while facilitating cytotoxic activation of microglia through several cellular mechanisms, potentiating microglia-mediated neurodegeneration. Here, we critically discuss the role of TGFβ-Smad signaling on the cytotoxic activation of microglia and its relevance in the pathogenesis of AD. Other protective functions, such as phagocytosis, although observed in aged animals, are not further induced by inflammatory stimuli and TGFβ1. Analysis in silico revealed that increased expression of receptor scavenger receptor (SR)-A, involved in Aβ uptake and cell activation, by microglia exposed to TGFβ, through a Smad3-dependent mechanism could be mediated by transcriptional co-factors Smad2/3 over the MSR1 gene. We discuss that changes of TGFβ-mediated regulation could at least partially mediate age-associated microglia changes, and, together with other changes on inflammatory response, could result in the reduction of protective activation and the potentiation of cytotoxicity of microglia, resulting in the promotion of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommy von Bernhardi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo E Parada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Eugenín
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
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von Bernhardi R, Cornejo F, Eugenín-von Bernhardi L. Aging-dependent changes of glial cell function and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Suarez J, Maldonado N, Cornejo F. High altitude neurophysiology applied knowledge: the Hanak project in Ecuador. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cornejo F, von Bernhardi R. Role of scavenger receptors in glia-mediated neuroinflammatory response associated with Alzheimer's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:895651. [PMID: 23737655 PMCID: PMC3662199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/895651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that cells serving immune functions in the brain, namely, microglia and astrocytes, are important mediators of pathological phenomena observed in Alzheimer's disease. However, it is unknown how these cells initiate the response that results in cognitive impairment and neuronal degeneration. Here, we review the participation of the immune response mediated by glial cells in Alzheimer's disease and the role played by scavenger receptors in the development of this pathology, focusing on the relevance of class A scavenger receptor (SR-A) for A β clearance and inflammatory activation of glial cell, and as a potential target for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta, 391 Santiago, Chile
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta, 391 Santiago, Chile
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Ferrario R, Cernuschi A, De Conno F, Vanegas J, Boeri C, Cornejo F. 1374 Virtual reality and computer training in oncological nursing: Experience and prospects. Eur J Cancer 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)96619-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Goldizen AW, Terborgh J, Cornejo F, Porras DT, Evans R. Seasonal Food Shortage, Weight Loss, and the Timing of Births in Saddle-Back Tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis). J Anim Ecol 1988. [DOI: 10.2307/5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cañadell J, Cornejo F. [The bone bank of the University Clinic in Navarra]. Rev Med Univ Navarra 1987; 31:239-46. [PMID: 3327133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Bone bank at the University Clinic is described along with its three units: Electrical freezer (-40 degrees). Liquid nitrogen freezer (-197 degrees). Temperature programmer descend. The first unit is used for the preservation of cancellous bone, for a limited lapse of time; the second unit is employed for preserving cortical grafts for an unlimited period. The third unit allows to control the temperature descend rate, in order to preserve the viability of chondrocytes in grafts including epiphyseal ends. Clinical applications of bone grafts are currently enlarging in areas such as tumour surgery, spine surgery and arthrodesis and reconstructive procedures of the hip joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cañadell
- Dpto. Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona
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Azcarate JR, de Pablos J, Cornejo F, Canadell J. Postoperative dislocation: a risk factor for periprosthetic ectopic ossifications after total hip replacement. Acta Orthop Belg 1986; 52:145-50. [PMID: 3090853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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