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Lütge M, De Martin A, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Stanossek Y, Onder L, Cheng HW, Kurz L, Cadosch N, Soneson C, Robinson MD, Stoeckli SJ, Ludewig B, Pikor NB. Conserved stromal-immune cell circuits secure B cell homeostasis and function. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1149-1160. [PMID: 37202489 PMCID: PMC10307622 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
B cell zone reticular cells (BRCs) form stable microenvironments that direct efficient humoral immunity with B cell priming and memory maintenance being orchestrated across lymphoid organs. However, a comprehensive understanding of systemic humoral immunity is hampered by the lack of knowledge of global BRC sustenance, function and major pathways controlling BRC-immune cell interactions. Here we dissected the BRC landscape and immune cell interactome in human and murine lymphoid organs. In addition to the major BRC subsets underpinning the follicle, including follicular dendritic cells, PI16+ RCs were present across organs and species. As well as BRC-produced niche factors, immune cell-driven BRC differentiation and activation programs governed the convergence of shared BRC subsets, overwriting tissue-specific gene signatures. Our data reveal that a canonical set of immune cell-provided cues enforce bidirectional signaling programs that sustain functional BRC niches across lymphoid organs and species, thereby securing efficient humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Yves Stanossek
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kurz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Cadosch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Soneson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro J Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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2
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De Martin A, Stanossek Y, Lütge M, Cadosch N, Onder L, Cheng HW, Brandstadter JD, Maillard I, Stoeckli SJ, Pikor NB, Ludewig B. PI16 + reticular cells in human palatine tonsils govern T cell activity in distinct subepithelial niches. Nat Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41590-023-01502-4. [PMID: 37202490 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) direct the interaction and activation of immune cells in discrete microenvironments of lymphoid organs. Despite their important role in steering innate and adaptive immunity, the age- and inflammation-associated changes in the molecular identity and functional properties of human FRCs have remained largely unknown. Here, we show that human tonsillar FRCs undergo dynamic reprogramming during life and respond vigorously to inflammatory perturbation in comparison to other stromal cell types. The peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16)-expressing reticular cell (PI16+ RC) subset of adult tonsils exhibited the strongest inflammation-associated structural remodeling. Interactome analysis combined with ex vivo and in vitro validation revealed that T cell activity within subepithelial niches is controlled by distinct molecular pathways during PI16+ RC-lymphocyte interaction. In sum, the topological and molecular definition of the human tonsillar stromal cell landscape reveals PI16+ RCs as a specialized FRC niche at the core of mucosal immune responses in the oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yves Stanossek
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Cadosch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Joshua D Brandstadter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandro J Stoeckli
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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3
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Kahlert CR, Nigg S, Onder L, Dijkman R, Diener L, Vidal AGJ, Rodriguez R, Vernazza P, Thiel V, Vidal JE, Albrich WC. The quorum sensing com system regulates pneumococcal colonisation and invasive disease in a pseudo-stratified airway tissue model. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127297. [PMID: 36608536 PMCID: PMC9868095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the com quorum sensing system during colonisation and invasion of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) are poorly understood. METHODS We developed an ex vivo model of differentiated human airway epithelial (HAE) cells with beating ciliae, mucus production and tight junctions to study Spn colonisation and translocation. HAE cells were inoculated with Spn wild-type TIGR4 (wtSpn) or its isogenic ΔcomC quorum sensing-deficient mutant. RESULTS Colonisation density of ΔcomC mutant was lower after 6 h but higher at 19 h and 30 h compared to wtSpn. Translocation correlated inversely with colonisation density. Transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) decreased after pneumococcal inoculation and correlated with increased translocation. Confocal imaging illustrated prominent microcolony formation with wtSpn but disintegration of microcolony structures with ΔcomC mutant. ΔcomC mutant showed greater cytotoxicity than wtSpn, suggesting that cytotoxicity was likely not the mechanism leading to translocation. There was greater density- and time-dependent increase of inflammatory cytokines including NLRP3 inflammasome-related IL-18 after infection with ΔcomC compared with wtSpn. ComC inactivation was associated with increased pneumolysin expression. CONCLUSIONS ComC system allows a higher organisational level of population structure resulting in microcolony formation, increased early colonisation and subsequent translocation. We propose that ComC inactivation unleashes a very different and possibly more virulent phenotype that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland; Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, Infectious Disease & Hospital Epidemiology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Nigg
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Diener
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ana G Jop Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Regulo Rodriguez
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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4
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Onder L, Cheng HW, Ludewig B. Visualization and functional characterization of lymphoid organ fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:108-122. [PMID: 34866192 PMCID: PMC9300201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells of lymphoid organs that generate the structural foundation of the tissue and actively interact with immune cells. Distinct FRC subsets position lymphocytes and myeloid cells in specialized niches where they present processed or native antigen and provide essential growth factors and cytokines for immune cell activation and differentiation. Niche‐specific functions of FRC subpopulations have been defined using genetic targeting, high‐dimensional transcriptomic analyses, and advanced imaging methods. Here, we review recent findings on FRC‐immune cell interaction and the elaboration of FRC development and differentiation. We discuss how imaging approaches have not only shaped our understanding of FRC biology, but have critically advanced the niche concept of immune cell maintenance and control of immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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5
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Acton SE, Onder L, Novkovic M, Martinez VG, Ludewig B. Communication, construction, and fluid control: lymphoid organ fibroblastic reticular cell and conduit networks. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:782-794. [PMID: 34362676 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are a crucial part of the stromal cell infrastructure of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Lymphoid organ fibroblasts form specialized niches for immune cell interactions and thereby govern lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Moreover, FRCs produce and ensheath a network of extracellular matrix (ECM) microfibers called the conduit system. FRC-generated conduits contribute to fluid and immune cell control by funneling fluids containing antigens and inflammatory mediators through the SLOs. We review recent progress in FRC biology that has advanced our understanding of immune cell functions and interactions. We discuss the intricate relationships between the cellular FRC and the fibrillar conduit networks, which together form the basis for efficient communication between immune cells and the tissues they survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Victor G Martinez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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6
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Ring SS, Cupovic J, Onder L, Lütge M, Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Scandella E, De Martin A, Mörbe U, Hartmann F, Wenger R, Spiegl M, Besse A, Bonilla WV, Stemeseder F, Schmidt S, Orlinger KK, Krebs P, Ludewig B, Flatz L. Viral vector-mediated reprogramming of the fibroblastic tumor stroma sustains curative melanoma treatment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4734. [PMID: 34354077 PMCID: PMC8342618 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex amalgam of tumor cells, immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblastic stromal cells (FSC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts are generally seen as tumor-promoting entity. However, it is conceivable that particular FSC populations within the TME contribute to immune-mediated tumor control. Here, we show that intratumoral treatment of mice with a recombinant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-based vaccine vector expressing a melanocyte differentiation antigen resulted in T cell-dependent long-term control of melanomas. Using single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we demonstrate that viral vector-mediated transduction reprogrammed and activated a Cxcl13-expressing FSC subset that show a pronounced immunostimulatory signature and increased expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-33. Ablation of Il33 gene expression in Cxcl13-Cre-positive FSCs reduces the functionality of intratumoral T cells and unleashes tumor growth. Thus, reprogramming of FSCs by a self-antigen-expressing viral vector in the TME is critical for curative melanoma treatment by locally sustaining the activity of tumor-specific T cells. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-based viral vectors have been shown to induce potent antitumor immune responses. Here the authors show that a LCMV-based vaccine vector remodels the tumor-associated fibroblastic stroma, sustaining CD8+ T cell activation and reducing tumor growth in a preclinical model of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wenger
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Spiegl
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrej Besse
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Weldy V Bonilla
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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7
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Cupovic J, Ring SS, Onder L, Colston JM, Lütge M, Cheng HW, De Martin A, Provine NM, Flatz L, Oxenius A, Scandella E, Krebs P, Engeler D, Klenerman P, Ludewig B. Adenovirus vector vaccination reprograms pulmonary fibroblastic niches to support protective inflating memory CD8 + T cells. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1042-1051. [PMID: 34267375 PMCID: PMC7611414 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens and vaccines that produce persisting antigens can generate expanded pools of effector memory CD8+ T cells, described as memory inflation. While properties of inflating memory CD8+ T cells have been characterized, the specific cell types and tissue factors responsible for their maintenance remain elusive. Here, we show that clinically applied adenovirus vectors preferentially target fibroblastic stromal cells in cultured human tissues. Moreover, we used cell-type-specific antigen targeting to define critical cells and molecules that sustain long-term antigen presentation and T cell activity after adenovirus vector immunization in mice. While antigen targeting to myeloid cells was insufficient to activate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, genetic activation of antigen expression in Ccl19-cre-expressing fibroblastic stromal cells induced inflating CD8+ T cells. Local ablation of vector-targeted cells revealed that lung fibroblasts support the protective function and metabolic fitness of inflating memory CD8+ T cells in an interleukin (IL)-33-dependent manner. Collectively, these data define a critical fibroblastic niche that underpins robust protective immunity operating in a clinically important vaccine platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Colston
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Engeler
- Department of Urology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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8
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Okreglicka K, Iten I, Pohlmeier L, Onder L, Feng Q, Kurrer M, Ludewig B, Nielsen P, Schneider C, Kopf M. PPARγ is essential for the development of bone marrow erythroblastic island macrophages and splenic red pulp macrophages. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20191314. [PMID: 33765133 PMCID: PMC8006858 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Macrophage progenitors migrate to tissues perinatally, where environmental cues shape their identity and unique functions. Here, we show that the absence of PPARγ affects neonatal development and VCAM-1 expression of splenic iron-recycling red pulp macrophages (RPMs) and bone marrow erythroblastic island macrophages (EIMs). Transcriptome analysis of the few remaining Pparg-deficient RPM-like and EIM-like cells suggests that PPARγ is required for RPM and EIM identity, cell cycling, migration, and localization, but not function in mature RPMs. Notably, Spi-C, another transcription factor implicated in RPM development, was not essential for neonatal expansion of RPMs, even though the transcriptome of Spic-deficient RPMs was strongly affected and indicated a loss of identity. Similarities shared by Pparg- and Spic-deficient RPM-like cells allowed us to identify pathways that rely on both factors. PPARγ and Spi-C collaborate in inducing transcriptional changes, including VCAM-1 and integrin αD expression, which could be required for progenitor retention in the tissue, allowing access to niche-related signals that finalize differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Okreglicka
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Iten
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea Pohlmeier
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qian Feng
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nielsen
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Onder L, Prados A, Koliaraki V, Mörbe UM, Lütge M, Cheng HW, Ludewig B, Kollias G. Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer’s patches governs intestinal immunity. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.17.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying of FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been elaborated to some extent, in Peyer’s patches (PPs) they remain elusive. Using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate-mapping in advanced mouse models, we found that PP formation in the mouse embryo is initiated by an expansion of perivascular FRC precursors, followed by FRC differentiation from subepithelial progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate-mapping confirmed the convergence of perivascular and subepithelial FRC lineages. Furthermore, lineage-specific loss and gain-of-function approaches revealed that the two FRC lineages synergistically direct PP organization, maintain intestinal microbiome homeostasis and control anti-coronavirus immune responses in the gut. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mosaic patterning program that generates key stromal cell infrastructures for the control of intestinal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Urs Michael Mörbe
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Hung Wei Cheng
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
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10
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Cheng HW, Mörbe UM, Lütge M, Engetschwiler C, Onder L, Novkovic M, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Rülicke T, Hehlgans T, Scandella E, Ludewig B. Fibroblastic reticular cells sustain innate lymphoid cell niches in the intestinal lamina propria. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.17.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the small intestine govern immune homeostasis and protect the host against gut pathogens. While distinct cell-intrinsic signals have been identified that determine ILC development and differentiation, it has remained unclear which cell population regulates ILC sustenance. Using unbiased transcriptomic analysis of intestinal fibroblasts, we have identified a specialized Ccl19-expressing fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) population that underpins solitary intestinal lymphoid tissue (SILT) structures including cryptopatches and isolated lymphoid follicles. Conditional ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signalling in SILT FRC impeded the maturation of isolated lymphoid follicles and blocked ILC maintenance resulting in the elevated susceptibility to bacterial infection. Moreover, specific Ltbr ablation in FRC during adulthood revealed that sustained LTβR-dependent FRC-ILC interaction is required to maintain SILT structures and ILC populations. Taken together, our study unveils a critical intestinal FRC niche that secures protective gut immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Cheng
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Urs Michael Mörbe
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Celine Engetschwiler
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Rülicke
- 2Inst. of Lab. Animal Sci., Univ. of Veterinary Med. Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- 3Inst. of Immunology, Regensburg Ctr. for Interventional Immunology (RCI) and University Medical Center of Regensburg, Germany, Germany
| | - Elke Scandella
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
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11
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Lütge M, Onder L, Cheng HW, Stanossek Y, De Martin A, Spannagel L, Soneson C, Robinson M, Pikor N, Ludewig B. Immunological gene signatures in B cell follicle reticular cells are highly conserved across organs and species. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.93.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) such as the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches are strategically positioned to survey bodily surfaces and to support the generation of cellular and humoral immunity. The movement and interaction of antigens, antigen presenting cells, B and T lymphocytes within SLOs is coordinated by specialized fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that form dedicated microenvironments and provide essential niche molecules such as the chemokine CXCL13. High-resolution transcriptomic analysis of Cxcl13-expressing cells in mouse models has previously enabled the molecular characterization of heterogenous B cell-interacting reticular cells (BRC) in lymph nodes. However, it remains unknown to what extent the molecular identity of niche-forming BRCs is conserved across SLOs. Here, we employed single cell RNA-sequencing of Cxcl13-expressing cells from murine lymph node, spleen and Peyer’s patch to compare the molecular identity of BRCs across SLOs. While structural and developmental genes dominated organ-specific gene signatures, we found conserved gene signatures reflecting crucial immunomodulatory functions. The highest conservation was observed in follicular dendritic cells, a BRC subset specialized in the capture and presentation of antigen. Moreover, immunomodulatory gene signatures were preserved in BRCs from human lymph nodes and palatine tonsils highlighting the important role of BRC-defined microenvironments in steering efficient immune responses in SLOs across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Lütge
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Yves Stanossek
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Spannagel
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Soneson
- 2Friedrich Miescher Inst. for Biomed. Res., Basel, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | | | - Natalia Pikor
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- 1Inst. of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland, Switzerland
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12
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Prados A, Onder L, Cheng HW, Mörbe U, Lütge M, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Koliaraki V, Ludewig B, Kollias G. Fibroblastic reticular cell lineage convergence in Peyer's patches governs intestinal immunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:510-519. [PMID: 33707780 PMCID: PMC7610542 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) determine the organization of lymphoid organs and control immune cell interactions. While the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying FRC differentiation in lymph nodes and the splenic white pulp have been elaborated to some extent, in Peyer's patches (PPs) they remain elusive. Using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping in advanced mouse models, we found that PP formation in the mouse embryo is initiated by an expansion of perivascular FRC precursors, followed by FRC differentiation from subepithelial progenitors. Single-cell transcriptomics and cell fate mapping confirmed the convergence of perivascular and subepithelial FRC lineages. Furthermore, lineage-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches revealed that the two FRC lineages synergistically direct PP organization, maintain intestinal microbiome homeostasis and control anticoronavirus immune responses in the gut. Collectively, this study reveals a distinct mosaic patterning program that generates key stromal cell infrastructures for the control of intestinal immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Communication
- Cell Lineage
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/virology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/microbiology
- Intestine, Small/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus/immunology
- Murine hepatitis virus/pathogenicity
- Peyer's Patches/immunology
- Peyer's Patches/metabolism
- Peyer's Patches/microbiology
- Peyer's Patches/virology
- Phenotype
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Prados
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - George Kollias
- Institute for Bioinnovation, BSRC "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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13
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Novkovic M, Onder L, Bocharov G, Ludewig B. Topological Structure and Robustness of the Lymph Node Conduit System. Cell Rep 2021; 30:893-904.e6. [PMID: 31968261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a road-like cellular network in lymph nodes (LNs) that provides essential chemotactic, survival, and regulatory signals for immune cells. While the topological characteristics of the FRC network have been elaborated, the network properties of the micro-tubular conduit system generated by FRCs, which drains lymph fluid through a pipeline-like system to distribute small molecules and antigens, has remained unexplored. Here, we quantify the crucial 3D morphometric parameters and determine the topological properties governing the structural organization of the intertwined networks. We find that the conduit system exhibits lesser small-worldness and lower resilience to perturbation compared to the FRC network, while the robust topological organization of both networks is maintained in a lymphotoxin-β-receptor-independent manner. Overall, the high-resolution topological analysis of the "roads-and-pipes" networks highlights essential parameters underlying the functional organization of LN micro-environments and will, hence, advance the development of multi-scale LN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russia; Institute for Personalized Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland.
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14
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Pikor NB, Cheng HW, Onder L, Ludewig B. Development and Immunological Function of Lymph Node Stromal Cells. J Immunol 2021; 206:257-263. [PMID: 33397739 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cells have for a long time been viewed as structural cells that support distinct compartments within lymphoid tissues and little more. Instead, an active cross-talk between endothelial and fibroblastic stromal cells drives the maturation of lymphoid niches, a relationship that is recapitulated during lymph node organogenesis, steady-state conditions, and following inflammation. In this review, we go over recent advances in genetic models and high-resolution transcriptomic analyses that have propelled the finer resolution of the stromal cell infrastructure of lymph nodes, revealing that the distinct subsets are strategically positioned to deliver a catered mixture of niche factors to interacting immune cell populations. Moreover, we discuss how changes in the activation state of poised stromal cell-underpinned niches rather than on-demand differentiation of new stromal cell subsets govern the efficient interaction of Ag, APC, and cognate B and T lymphocytes during adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Barbara Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; and .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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15
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Perez-Shibayama C, Islander U, Lütge M, Cheng HW, Onder L, Ring SS, De Martin A, Novkovic M, Colston J, Gil-Cruz C, Ludewig B. Type I interferon signaling in fibroblastic reticular cells prevents exhaustive activation of antiviral CD8 + T cells. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/51/eabb7066. [PMID: 32917792 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abb7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are stromal cells that actively promote the induction of immune responses by coordinating the interaction of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, whether and to which extent immune cell activation is determined by lymph node FRC reprogramming during acute viral infection has remained unexplored. Here, we genetically ablated expression of the type I interferon-α receptor (Ifnar) in Ccl19-Cre+ cells and found that sensing of type I interferon imprints an antiviral state in FRCs and thereby preserves myeloid cell composition in lymph nodes of naive mice. During localized lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, IFNAR signaling precipitated profound phenotypic adaptation of all FRC subsets enhancing antigen presentation, chemokine-driven immune cell recruitment, and immune regulation. The IFNAR-dependent shift of all FRC subsets toward an immunostimulatory state reduced exhaustive CD8+ T cell activation. In sum, these results unveil intricate circuits underlying type I IFN sensing in lymph node FRCs that enable protective antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrika Islander
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Julia Colston
- Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. .,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Cosgrove J, Novkovic M, Albrecht S, Pikor NB, Zhou Z, Onder L, Mörbe U, Cupovic J, Miller H, Alden K, Thuery A, O'Toole P, Pinter R, Jarrett S, Taylor E, Venetz D, Heller M, Uguccioni M, Legler DF, Lacey CJ, Coatesworth A, Polak WG, Cupedo T, Manoury B, Thelen M, Stein JV, Wolf M, Leake MC, Timmis J, Ludewig B, Coles MC. B cell zone reticular cell microenvironments shape CXCL13 gradient formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3677. [PMID: 32699279 PMCID: PMC7376062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the formation of concentration gradients, morphogens drive graded responses to extracellular signals, thereby fine-tuning cell behaviors in complex tissues. Here we show that the chemokine CXCL13 forms both soluble and immobilized gradients. Specifically, CXCL13+ follicular reticular cells form a small-world network of guidance structures, with computer simulations and optimization analysis predicting that immobilized gradients created by this network promote B cell trafficking. Consistent with this prediction, imaging analysis show that CXCL13 binds to extracellular matrix components in situ, constraining its diffusion. CXCL13 solubilization requires the protease cathepsin B that cleaves CXCL13 into a stable product. Mice lacking cathepsin B display aberrant follicular architecture, a phenotype associated with effective B cell homing to but not within lymph nodes. Our data thus suggest that reticular cells of the B cell zone generate microenvironments that shape both immobilized and soluble CXCL13 gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cosgrove
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Albrecht
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia B Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Zhaoukun Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Helen Miller
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kieran Alden
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK
| | - Anne Thuery
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Rita Pinter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Jarrett
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Taylor
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Venetz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mariagrazia Uguccioni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Charles J Lacey
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom Cupedo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bénedicte Manoury
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151- CNRS UMR 8253, 149 rue de Sèvres 75015 Paris, France Université René Descartes, 75005, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Wolf
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark C Leake
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
- Biological Physical Sciences Institute (BPSI), University of York, York, UK.
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Jon Timmis
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, UK.
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Mark C Coles
- York Computational Immunology Lab, University of York, York, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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17
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Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, De Martin A, Ronchi F, van der Borght K, Niederer R, Onder L, Lütge M, Novkovic M, Nindl V, Ramos G, Arnoldini M, Slack EM, Boivin-Jahns V, Jahns R, Wyss M, Mooser C, Lambrecht BN, Maeder MT, Rickli H, Flatz L, Eriksson U, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, Ludewig B. Microbiota-derived peptide mimics drive lethal inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Science 2019; 366:881-886. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis can develop into inflammatory cardiomyopathy through chronic stimulation of myosin heavy chain 6–specific T helper (TH)1 and TH17 cells. However, mechanisms governing the cardiotoxicity programming of heart-specific T cells have remained elusive. Using a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmune myocarditis, we show that progression of myocarditis to lethal heart disease depends on cardiac myosin–specific TH17 cells imprinted in the intestine by a commensalBacteroidesspecies peptide mimic. Both the successful prevention of lethal disease in mice by antibiotic therapy and the significantly elevatedBacteroides-specific CD4+T cell and B cell responses observed in human myocarditis patients suggest that mimic peptides from commensal bacteria can promote inflammatory cardiomyopathy in genetically susceptible individuals. The ability to restrain cardiotoxic T cells through manipulation of the microbiome thereby transforms inflammatory cardiomyopathy into a targetable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Angelina De Martin
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Katrien van der Borght
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rebekka Niederer
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Nindl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gustavo Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Arnoldini
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma M.C. Slack
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Boivin-Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Jahns
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Würzburg (IBDW), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Wyss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Mooser
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Micha T. Maeder
- Cardiology Division, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Rickli
- Cardiology Division, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Markus B. Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D. McCoy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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18
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Camara A, Cordeiro OG, Alloush F, Sponsel J, Chypre M, Onder L, Asano K, Tanaka M, Yagita H, Ludewig B, Flacher V, Mueller CG. Lymph Node Mesenchymal and Endothelial Stromal Cells Cooperate via the RANK-RANKL Cytokine Axis to Shape the Sinusoidal Macrophage Niche. Immunity 2019; 50:1467-1481.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Flatz L, Cupovic J, Schmidt S, Onder L, Abdou MT, Fritsche AK, Bonilla W, Pop OT, Tüting T, Bergthaler A, Orlinger K, Bald T, Ludewig B, Ring S. Systematic assessment of LCMV based vaccine vectors expressing melanocyte differentiation antigens in human in vitro assays and in mouse melanoma models. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14299 Background: Antibodies blocking the immune checkpoint pathways represent an important milestone in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, individuals presenting cold tumors do usually not show a clinical benefit. New cancer vaccine approaches are needed to cover this gap. Methods: A novel replication attenuated vaccine vector based on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus expressing full length melanocyte differentiation antigens is evaluated in mouse melanoma models and in PBMCs and T cell cultures from melanoma patients. Results: Here, we demonstrate that intratumoral but not intravenous injection of a recombinant propagating LCMV vector expressing the melanoma-associated antigen TRP2 leads to T cell-dependent eradication of established s.c. melanoma. Importantly, intratumoral vaccination shows an abscopal effect on distant lung metastasis and protects from a rechallenge with melanoma. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry reveal that intratumoral injection of rLCMV vectors reprograms the tumor microenvironment resulting in sustained T cell fitness. In addition, we demonstrate that rLCMV vectors can efficiently transduce human antigen presenting cells. Moreover, in vitro data confirm that rLCMV efficiently induces T cells against various melanoma-associated antigens in PBMCs from melanoma patients. Conclusions: Preclinical assessment of propagating rLCMV vectors shows unique features of this cancer vaccine resulting in a profound and multistep activation of the cancer immunity cycle resulting in eradication of established melanomas in the B16F10 mouse model after one single immunization. Positive proof of principle experiments using PBMCs from melanoma patients suggest a rapid evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Flatz
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lucas Onder
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sandra Ring
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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20
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Flatz L, Ring S, Bomze D, Onder L, Cupovic J, Schmidt S, Orlinger K, Besse A, Besse L, Driessen C, Cheng HW, Lercher A, Speiser D, Bald T, Bergthaler A, Ludewig B. Abstract A070: Virotherapy eradicates established melanoma by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and engaging the adaptive immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. However, the lack of tumor specific T-cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remain the major obstacles in curing treatment-resistant tumors. Here, we show that a novel, propagating noncytopathic virotherapy expressing the tumor-associated antigen TRP2 can eradicate established tumors. Interestingly, this was dependent on the route of treatment. Systemic administration of gene-based virotherapy induced a high number of tumor-infiltrating TRP2 specific CD8+ T-cells but was not able to cure established tumors. Moreover, localized tumor therapy in the periphery cured also distant metastasis in the lung, indicating that the locally induced immune response generates a systemic antitumor effect. Localized virotherapy predominantly infects tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts, resulting in a proinflammatory reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Our data reveal that this immune activation is dependent on type I IFN signaling on the host but not on the tumor cell. These results have important clinical implications: i) our data explain why T-cell transfer or T-cell vaccines alone do not cure established tumors; ii) intratumoral gene-based cancer vaccination is superior to systemic treatment; and iii) a successful local antitumor response is associated with an efficient systemic antitumor response. Directly cancer targeting noncytopathic gene-based vaccines may be a promising approach by simultaneously supercharging the suppressive tumor microenvironment and inducing an adaptive immune response against selected tumor antigens.
Citation Format: Lukas Flatz, Sandra Ring, David Bomze, Lucas Onder, Jovana Cupovic, Sarah Schmidt, Klaus Orlinger, Andrej Besse, Lenka Besse, Christoph Driessen, Hung-Wei Cheng, Alexander Lercher, Daniel Speiser, Tobias Bald, Andreas Bergthaler, Burkhard Ludewig. Virotherapy eradicates established melanoma by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and engaging the adaptive immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Flatz
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Ring
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Bomze
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucas Onder
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Klaus Orlinger
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrej Besse
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lenka Besse
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph Driessen
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Lercher
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Speiser
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
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Onder L, Ludewig B. Redefining the Nature of Lymphoid Tissue Organizer Cells: Response to ‘Complexity of Lymphoid Tissue Organizers’ by Koning and Mebius. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:952-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Novkovic M, Onder L, Cheng HW, Bocharov G, Ludewig B. Integrative Computational Modeling of the Lymph Node Stromal Cell Landscape. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2428. [PMID: 30405623 PMCID: PMC6206207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses develop in secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes (LNs) in a well-coordinated series of interactions between migrating immune cells and resident stromal cells. Although many processes that occur in LNs are well understood from an immunological point of view, our understanding of the fundamental organization and mechanisms that drive these processes is still incomplete. The aim of systems biology approaches is to unravel the complexity of biological systems and describe emergent properties that arise from interactions between individual constituents of the system. The immune system is greater than the sum of its parts, as is the case with any sufficiently complex system. Here, we review recent work and developments of computational LN models with focus on the structure and organization of the stromal cells. We explore various mathematical studies of intranodal T cell motility and migration, their interactions with the LN-resident stromal cells, and computational models of functional chemokine gradient fields and lymph flow dynamics. Lastly, we discuss briefly the importance of hybrid and multi-scale modeling approaches in immunology and the technical challenges involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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23
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Cheng HW, Onder L, Cupovic J, Boesch M, Novkovic M, Pikor N, Tarantino I, Rodriguez R, Schneider T, Jochum W, Brutsche M, Ludewig B. CCL19-producing fibroblastic stromal cells restrain lung carcinoma growth by promoting local antitumor T-cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1257-1271.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.12.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Onder L, Ludewig B. A Fresh View on Lymph Node Organogenesis. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:775-787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Cheng HW, Onder L, Printz A, Mörbe U, Novkovic M, Li C, Lopez-Macias C, Buechler MB, Turley SJ, Mack M, Soneson C, Robinson MD, Scandella E, Gommerman J, Ludewig B. Fibroblastic reticular cells initiate immune responses in visceral adipose tissues and secure peritoneal immunity. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:3/26/eaar4539. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aar4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Boesch M, Onder L, Cheng HW, Novkovic M, Mörbe U, Sopper S, Gastl G, Jochum W, Ruhstaller T, Knauer M, Ludewig B. Interleukin 7-expressing fibroblasts promote breast cancer growth through sustenance of tumor cell stemness. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1414129. [PMID: 29632733 PMCID: PMC5889213 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1414129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment harbors cancer-associated fibroblasts that function as major modulators of cancer progression. Here, we assessed to which extent distinct cancer-associated fibroblast subsets impact mammary carcinoma growth and cancer cell stemness in an orthotopic murine model. We found that fibroblasts expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the interleukin 7 promoter occupied mainly the tumor margin where they physically interacted with tumor cells. Intratumoral ablation of interleukin 7-expressing fibroblasts impaired breast tumor growth and reduced the clonogenic potential of cancer cells. Moreover, cDNA expression profiling revealed a distinct oncogenic signature of interleukin 7-producing fibroblasts. In particular, Cxcl12 expression was strongly enhanced in interleukin 7-producing fibroblasts and cell type-specific genetic ablation and systemic pharmacological inhibition revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis impacts breast tumor cell stemness. Elevated expression of CXCL12 and other stem cell factors in primary human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts indicates that certain fibroblast populations support tumor cell stemness and thereby promote breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Boesch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Mörbe
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guenther Gastl
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- Breast Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Knauer
- Breast Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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27
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Chung J, Ebens CL, Perkey E, Radojcic V, Koch U, Scarpellino L, Tong A, Allen F, Wood S, Feng J, Friedman A, Granadier D, Tran IT, Chai Q, Onder L, Yan M, Reddy P, Blazar BR, Huang AY, Brennan TV, Bishop DK, Ludewig B, Siebel CW, Radtke F, Luther SA, Maillard I. Fibroblastic niches prime T cell alloimmunity through Delta-like Notch ligands. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1574-1588. [PMID: 28319044 PMCID: PMC5373885 DOI: 10.1172/jci89535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloimmune T cell responses induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Although Notch signaling mediated by Delta-like 1/4 (DLL1/4) Notch ligands has emerged as a major regulator of GVHD pathogenesis, little is known about the timing of essential Notch signals and the cellular source of Notch ligands after allo-BMT. Here, we have shown that critical DLL1/4-mediated Notch signals are delivered to donor T cells during a short 48-hour window after transplantation in a mouse allo-BMT model. Stromal, but not hematopoietic, cells were the essential source of Notch ligands during in vivo priming of alloreactive T cells. GVHD could be prevented by selective inactivation of Dll1 and Dll4 in subsets of fibroblastic stromal cells that were derived from chemokine Ccl19-expressing host cells, including fibroblastic reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells. However, neither T cell recruitment into secondary lymphoid organs nor initial T cell activation was affected by Dll1/4 loss. Thus, we have uncovered a pathogenic function for fibroblastic stromal cells in alloimmune reactivity that can be dissociated from their homeostatic functions. Our results reveal what we believe to be a previously unrecognized Notch-mediated immunopathogenic role for stromal cell niches in secondary lymphoid organs after allo-BMT and define a framework of early cellular and molecular interactions that regulate T cell alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Chung
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Life Sciences Institute, and
| | - Christen L. Ebens
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eric Perkey
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Life Sciences Institute, and
| | - Vedran Radojcic
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ute Koch
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Tong
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sherri Wood
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiane Feng
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Minhong Yan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alex Y. Huang
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Todd V. Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - D. Keith Bishop
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Freddy Radtke
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A. Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, and
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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28
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Pikor NB, Cupovic J, Onder L, Gommerman JL, Ludewig B. Stromal Cell Niches in the Inflamed Central Nervous System. J I 2017; 198:1775-1781. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Novkovic M, Onder L, Cupovic J, Abe J, Bomze D, Cremasco V, Scandella E, Stein JV, Bocharov G, Turley SJ, Ludewig B. Topological Small-World Organization of the Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Network Determines Lymph Node Functionality. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002515. [PMID: 27415420 PMCID: PMC4945005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form the cellular scaffold of lymph nodes (LNs) and establish distinct microenvironmental niches to provide key molecules that drive innate and adaptive immune responses and control immune regulatory processes. Here, we have used a graph theory-based systems biology approach to determine topological properties and robustness of the LN FRC network in mice. We found that the FRC network exhibits an imprinted small-world topology that is fully regenerated within 4 wk after complete FRC ablation. Moreover, in silico perturbation analysis and in vivo validation revealed that LNs can tolerate a loss of approximately 50% of their FRCs without substantial impairment of immune cell recruitment, intranodal T cell migration, and dendritic cell-mediated activation of antiviral CD8+ T cells. Overall, our study reveals the high topological robustness of the FRC network and the critical role of the network integrity for the activation of adaptive immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cell Count
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CCL19/genetics
- Chemokine CCL19/immunology
- Chemokine CCL19/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jun Abe
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gennady Bocharov
- Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shannon J. Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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30
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Mair F, Joller S, Hoeppli R, Onder L, Hahn M, Ludewig B, Waisman A, Becher B. The NFκB-inducing kinase is essential for the developmental programming of skin-resident and IL-17-producing γδ T cells. eLife 2015; 4:e10087. [PMID: 26637788 PMCID: PMC4733042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells contribute to first line immune defense, particularly through their ability for rapid production of proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokine profile of γδ T cells is hard-wired already during thymic development. Yet, the molecular pathways underlying this phenomenon are incompletely understood. Here we show that signaling via the NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK) is essential for the formation of a fully functional γδ T cell compartment. In the absence of NIK, development of Vγ5(+) dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) was halted in the embryonic thymus, and impaired NIK function caused a selective loss of IL-17 expression by γδ T cells. Using a novel conditional mutant of NIK, we could show in vivo that NIK signaling in thymic epithelial cells is essential for the thymic hardwiring of γδ T cell cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romy Hoeppli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-storage disease of arteries that is exacerbated by chronic inflammatory processes. In this issue of Immunity, Hu et al. (2015) demonstrate that T cell responses in atherosclerotic lesions are controlled in tertiary lymphoid organs in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen 9007, Switzerland.
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32
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Onder L, Nindl V, Scandella E, Chai Q, Cheng HW, Caviezel-Firner S, Novkovic M, Bomze D, Maier R, Mair F, Ledermann B, Becher B, Waisman A, Ludewig B. Alternative NF-κB signaling regulates mTEC differentiation from podoplanin-expressing precursors in the cortico-medullary junction. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2218-31. [PMID: 25973789 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The thymic epithelium forms specialized niches to enable thymocyte differentiation. While the common epithelial progenitor of medullary and cortical thymic epithelial cells (mTECs and cTECs) is well defined, early stages of mTEC lineage specification have remained elusive. Here, we utilized in vivo targeting of mTECs to resolve their differentiation pathways and to determine whether mTEC progenitors participate in thymocyte education. We found that mTECs descend from a lineage committed, podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing progenitor located at the cortico-medullary junction. PDPN(+) junctional TECs (jTECs) represent a distinct TEC population that builds the thymic medulla, but only partially supports negative selection and thymocyte differentiation. Moreover, conditional gene targeting revealed that abrogation of alternative NF-κB pathway signaling in the jTEC stage completely blocked mTEC development. Taken together, this study identifies jTECs as lineage-committed mTEC progenitors and shows that NF-κB-dependent progression of jTECs to mTECs is critical to secure central tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Nindl
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario Novkovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Maier
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Astarita JL, Cremasco V, Fu J, Darnell MC, Peck JR, Nieves-Bonilla JM, Song K, Kondo Y, Woodruff MC, Gogineni A, Onder L, Ludewig B, Weimer RM, Carroll MC, Mooney DJ, Xia L, Turley SJ. The CLEC-2-podoplanin axis controls the contractility of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymph node microarchitecture. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:75-84. [PMID: 25347465 PMCID: PMC4270928 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In lymph nodes, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) form a collagen-based reticular network that supports migratory dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells and transports lymph. A hallmark of FRCs is their propensity to contract collagen, yet this function is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that podoplanin (PDPN) regulates actomyosin contractility in FRCs. Under resting conditions, when FRCs are unlikely to encounter mature DCs expressing the PDPN receptor CLEC-2, PDPN endowed FRCs with contractile function and exerted tension within the reticulum. Upon inflammation, CLEC-2 on mature DCs potently attenuated PDPN-mediated contractility, which resulted in FRC relaxation and reduced tissue stiffness. Disrupting PDPN function altered the homeostasis and spacing of FRCs and T cells, which resulted in an expanded reticular network and enhanced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Astarita
- 1] Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viviana Cremasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianxin Fu
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Max C Darnell
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James R Peck
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janice M Nieves-Bonilla
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Song
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yuji Kondo
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- 1] Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael C Carroll
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- 1] School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- 1] Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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Fasnacht N, Huang HY, Koch U, Favre S, Auderset F, Chai Q, Onder L, Kallert S, Pinschewer DD, MacDonald HR, Tacchini-Cottier F, Ludewig B, Luther SA, Radtke F. Specific fibroblastic niches in secondary lymphoid organs orchestrate distinct Notch-regulated immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2265-79. [PMID: 25311507 PMCID: PMC4203954 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasnacht et al. now show that fibroblasts in secondary lymphoid organs are responsible for the production of Notch ligands regulating the differentiation of immune cells Fibroblast-like cells of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are important for tissue architecture. In addition, they regulate lymphocyte compartmentalization through the secretion of chemokines, and participate in the orchestration of appropriate cell–cell interactions required for adaptive immunity. Here, we provide data demonstrating the functional importance of SLO fibroblasts during Notch-mediated lineage specification and immune response. Genetic ablation of the Notch ligand Delta-like (DL)1 identified splenic fibroblasts rather than hematopoietic or endothelial cells as niche cells, allowing Notch 2–driven differentiation of marginal zone B cells and of Esam+ dendritic cells. Moreover, conditional inactivation of DL4 in lymph node fibroblasts resulted in impaired follicular helper T cell differentiation and, consequently, in reduced numbers of germinal center B cells and absence of high-affinity antibodies. Our data demonstrate previously unknown roles for DL ligand-expressing fibroblasts in SLO niches as drivers of multiple Notch-mediated immune differentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fasnacht
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ute Koch
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Favre
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Floriane Auderset
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Kallert
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - H Robson MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, WHO Immunology Research and Training Center, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, Swiss Experimental Cancer Research, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Cremasco V, Woodruff MC, Onder L, Cupovic J, Nieves-Bonilla JM, Schildberg FA, Chang J, Cremasco F, Harvey CJ, Wucherpfennig K, Ludewig B, Carroll MC, Turley SJ. B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:973-81. [PMID: 25151489 PMCID: PMC4205585 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naive B and T cells exist in discrete zones in lymph nodes. Turley and colleagues demonstrate that a distinct subset of fibroblastic reticular cells reside in B cell zones, where they sustain B cell survival by providing BAFF. Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are known to inhabit T cell–rich areas of lymphoid organs, where they function to facilitate interactions between T cells and dendritic cells. However, in vivo manipulation of FRCs has been limited by a dearth of genetic tools that target this lineage. Here, using a mouse model to conditionally ablate FRCs, we demonstrated their indispensable role in antiviral T cell responses. Unexpectedly, loss of FRCs also attenuated humoral immunity due to impaired B cell viability and follicular organization. Follicle-resident FRCs established a favorable niche for B lymphocytes via production of the cytokine BAFF. Thus, our study indicates that adaptive immunity requires an intact FRC network and identifies a subset of FRCs that control B cell homeostasis and follicle identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cremasco
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2]
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- 1] Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Janice M Nieves-Bonilla
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Chang
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Floriana Cremasco
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher J Harvey
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kai Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Carroll
- 1] Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon J Turley
- 1] Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3]
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36
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Perez-Shibayama C, Gil-Cruz C, Pastelin-Palacios R, Cervantes-Barragan L, Hisaki E, Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Regen T, Waisman A, Isibasi A, Lopez-Macias C, Ludewig B. IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells promote generation of protective germinal center-derived IgM+ B cell memory against Salmonella Typhi. J Immunol 2014; 192:5192-200. [PMID: 24778443 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abs play a significant role in protection against the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhi. In this article, we investigated how long-term protective IgM responses can be elicited by a S. Typhi outer-membrane protein C- and F-based subunit vaccine (porins). We found that repeated Ag exposure promoted a CD4(+) T cell-dependent germinal center reaction that generated mutated IgM-producing B cells and was accompanied by a strong expansion of IFN-γ-secreting T follicular helper cells. Genetic ablation of individual cytokine receptors revealed that both IFN-γ and IL-17 are required for optimal germinal center reactions and production of porin-specific memory IgM(+) B cells. However, more profound reduction of porin-specific IgM B cell responses in the absence of IFN-γR signaling indicated that this cytokine plays a dominant role. Importantly, mutated IgM mAbs against porins exhibited bactericidal capacity and efficiently augmented S. Typhi clearance. In conclusion, repeated vaccination with S. Typhi porins programs type I T follicular helper cell responses that contribute to the diversification of B cell memory and promote the generation of protective IgM Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Perez-Shibayama
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | | | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130; Department of Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130; and
| | - Emiliano Hisaki
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tommy Regen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Armando Isibasi
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Constantino Lopez-Macias
- Medical Research Unit on Immunochemistry, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Centre "Siglo XXI," Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, C.P. 06020 Mexico
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
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37
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Caviezel-Firner S, Engeler D, Bolinger B, Onder L, Scandella E, Yu M, Kroczek RA, Ludewig B. Systemic minor histocompatibility antigen expression in blood endothelial cells prevents T cell-mediated vascular immunopathology. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3233-43. [PMID: 23963995 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Attenuation of T cell-mediated damage of blood endothelial cells (BECs) in transplanted organs is important to prevent transplant vasculopathy (TV) and chronic rejection. Here, we assessed the importance of minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA) distribution and different coinhibitory molecules for T cell-BEC interaction. A transgenic mHA was directed specifically to BECs using the Tie2 promoter and cellular interactions were assessed in graft-versus-host disease-like and heterotopic heart transplantation settings. We found that cognate CD4(+) T-cell help was critical for the activation of BEC-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, systemic mHA expression on BECs efficiently attenuated adoptively transferred, BEC-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and hence prevented tissue damage, whereas restriction of mHA expression to heart BECs precipitated the development of TV. Importantly, the lack of the coinhibitory molecules programmed death-1 (PD-1) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator fostered the initial activation of BEC-specific CD4(+) T cells, but did not affect development of TV. In contrast, TV was significantly augmented in the absence of PD-1 on BEC-specific CD8(+) T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that antigen distribution in the vascular bed determines the impact of coinhibition and, as a consequence, critically impinges on T cell-mediated vascular immunopathology.
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38
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Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Cupovic J, Danuser R, Sparwasser T, Luther SA, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Stein JV, Hehlgans T, Ludewig B. Maturation of lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells from myofibroblastic precursors is critical for antiviral immunity. Immunity 2013; 38:1013-24. [PMID: 23623380 PMCID: PMC7111182 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The stromal scaffold of the lymph node (LN) paracortex is built by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Conditional ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) expression in LN FRCs and their mesenchymal progenitors in developing LNs revealed that LTβR-signaling in these cells was not essential for the formation of LNs. Although T cell zone reticular cells had lost podoplanin expression, they still formed a functional conduit system and showed enhanced expression of myofibroblastic markers. However, essential immune functions of FRCs, including homeostatic chemokine and interleukin-7 expression, were impaired. These changes in T cell zone reticular cell function were associated with increased susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, myofibroblasic FRC precursors are able to generate the basic T cell zone infrastructure, whereas LTβR-dependent maturation of FRCs guarantees full immunocompetence and hence optimal LN function during infection. Novel transgenic mouse model that targets FRCs in adult lymph nodes FRC-specific ablation of the LTβR did not abrogate LN development Myofibroblastic FRC precursors generate the basic infrastructure of the adult LN LTβR-mediated FRC maturation is critical for the maintenance of immunocompentence
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chai
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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39
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Onder L, Danuser R, Scandella E, Firner S, Chai Q, Hehlgans T, Stein JV, Ludewig B. Endothelial cell-specific lymphotoxin-β receptor signaling is critical for lymph node and high endothelial venule formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:465-73. [PMID: 23420877 PMCID: PMC3600902 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of lymph nodes (LNs) and formation of LN stromal cell microenvironments is dependent on lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signaling. In particular, the LTβR-dependent crosstalk between mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer and hematopoietic lymphoid tissue inducer cells has been regarded as critical for these processes. Here, we assessed whether endothelial cell (EC)-restricted LTβR signaling impacts on LN development and the vascular LN microenvironment. Using EC-specific ablation of LTβR in mice, we found that conditionally LTβR-deficient animals failed to develop a significant proportion of their peripheral LNs. However, remnant LNs showed impaired formation of high endothelial venules (HEVs). Venules had lost their cuboidal shape, showed reduced segment length and branching points, and reduced adhesion molecule and constitutive chemokine expression. Due to the altered EC-lymphocyte interaction, homing of lymphocytes to peripheral LNs was significantly impaired. Thus, this study identifies ECs as an important LTβR-dependent lymphoid tissue organizer cell population and indicates that continuous triggering of the LTβR on LN ECs is critical for lymphocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, CH-9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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40
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Firner S, Onder L, Nindl V, Ludewig B. Tight control - decision-making during T cell-vascular endothelial cell interaction. Front Immunol 2012; 3:279. [PMID: 22969771 PMCID: PMC3427852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner layer of blood vessels and exert crucial functions during immune reactions including coagulation, inflammation, and regulation of innate immunity. Importantly, ECs can interact with T cells in an antigen-specific, i.e., T cell receptor-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss EC actions and reactions during acute inflammation and focus on the interaction of T cells with ECs at two vascular sites: the high endothelial venule (HEV) of lymph nodes, and the vascular lesion during transplant vasculopathy (TV). HEVs are characterized by a highly active endothelium that produces chemoattracting factors and expresses adhesion molecules to facilitate transit of lymphocytes into the lymph node (LN) parenchyma. Yet, T cell-EC interaction at this anatomical location results neither in T cell activation nor tolerization. In contrast, the endothelium at sites of chronic inflammation, such as solid organ transplants, can promote T cell activation by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. Importantly, a major function of ECs in inflamed tissues must be the maintenance of vascular integrity including the efficient attenuation of effector T cells that may damage the vascular bed. Thus, antigen-specific T cell-EC interaction is characterized by a tightly controlled balance between immunological ignorance, immune activation, and tolerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Firner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen Switzerland
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41
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Ludewig B, Chai Q, Onder L, Scandella E, Sparwasser T, Luther S, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Hehlgans T. CCL19-Cre transgenics: targeting lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells in vivo (44.14). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.44.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The paracortex of lymph nodes (LNs) harbors a sponge-like scaffold of stromal cells known as fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). A major function of FRCs is to build and enwrap the conduit system of collagen fibers that directs interstitial fluids from the afferent lymph through the T-cell zone to HEVs. Furthermore, FRCs regulate T-cell migration and survival by producing the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. To gain further knowledge on the biology of FRCs and possibly other stromal cell subsets, we have generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic mouse model that utilizes the CCL19 promoter to direct the Cre-recombinase to LN stromal cells. Crossing of CCL19-Cre mice to the R26-EYFP reporter revealed that transgene expression in LNs was almost exclusively confined to podoplanin+CD31- cells. Likewise, transgene activity in spleens and Peyer’s patches of CCL19-Cre mice was largely restricted to FRC-like cells, i.e. stromal cells within the T cell zone and the T-B border. Selective ablation of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor on CCL19-Cre-positive cells resulted in profound changes in the development and organization of secondary lymphoid organs. Taken together, stromal CCL19-Cre expression is well-suited (i) to characterize the development of LN FRCs in vivo, (ii) to molecularly dissect the contribution of stromal cells to lymphoid organogenesis, and (iii) to address the function of LN FRCs in the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Ludewig
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Qian Chai
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elke Scandella
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- 2Institute of Infection Immunology, Germany, TWINCORE, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Volker Thiel
- 1Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- 4Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kimmel RA, Onder L, Wilfinger A, Ellertsdottir E, Meyer D. Requirement for Pdx1 in specification of latent endocrine progenitors in zebrafish. BMC Biol 2011; 9:75. [PMID: 22034951 PMCID: PMC3215967 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-9-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-producing beta cells emerge during pancreas development in two sequential waves. Recently described later-forming beta cells in zebrafish show high similarity to second wave mammalian beta cells in developmental capacity. Loss-of-function studies in mouse and zebrafish demonstrated that the homeobox transcription factors Pdx1 and Hb9 are both critical for pancreas and beta cell development and discrete stage-specific requirements for these genes have been uncovered. Previously, exocrine and endocrine cell recovery was shown to follow loss of pdx1 in zebrafish, but the progenitor cells and molecular mechanisms responsible have not been clearly defined. In addition, interactions of pdx1 and hb9 in beta cell formation have not been addressed. Results To learn more about endocrine progenitor specification, we examined beta cell formation following morpholino-mediated depletion of pdx1 and hb9. We find that after early beta cell reduction, recovery occurs following loss of either pdx1 or hb9 function. Unexpectedly, simultaneous knockdown of both hb9 and pdx1 leads to virtually complete and persistent beta cell deficiency. We used a NeuroD:EGFP transgenic line to examine endocrine cell behavior in vivo and developed a novel live-imaging technique to document emergence and migration of late-forming endocrine precursors in real time. Our data show that Notch-responsive progenitors for late-arising endocrine cells are predominantly post mitotic and depend on pdx1. By contrast, early-arising endocrine cells are specified and differentiate independent of pdx1. Conclusions The nearly complete beta cell deficiency after combined loss of hb9 and pdx1 suggests functional cooperation, which we clarify as distinct roles in early and late endocrine cell formation. A novel imaging approach permitted visualization of the emergence of late endocrine cells within developing embryos for the first time. We demonstrate a pdx1-dependent progenitor population essential for the formation of duct-associated, second wave endocrine cells. We further reveal an unexpectedly low mitotic activity in these progenitor cells, indicating that they are set aside early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Onder L, Scandella E, Chai Q, Firner S, Mayer CT, Sparwasser T, Thiel V, Rülicke T, Ludewig B. A novel bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic podoplanin-cre mouse targets lymphoid organ stromal cells in vivo. Front Immunol 2011; 2:50. [PMID: 22566840 PMCID: PMC3342134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells provide the structural foundation of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), and regulate leukocyte access and cell migration within the different compartments of spleen and lymph nodes (LNs). Furthermore, several stromal cell subsets have been implied in shaping of T cell responses through direct presentation of antigen. Despite significant gain of knowledge on the biology of different SLO-resident stromal cell subsets, their molecular and functional characterization has remained incomplete. To address this need, we have generated a bacterial artificial chromosome-transgenic mouse model that utilizes the podoplanin (pdpn) promoter to express the Cre-recombinase exclusively in stromal cells of SLOs. The characterization of the Pdpn–Cre mouse revealed transgene expression in subsets of fibroblastic reticular cells and lymphatic endothelial cells in LNs. Furthermore, the transgene facilitated the identification of a novel splenic perivascular stromal cell subpopulation that forms web-like structures around central arterioles. Assessment of the in vivo antigen expression in the genetically tagged stromal cells in Pdpn–Cre mice revealed activation of both MHC I and II-restricted TCR transgenic T cells. Taken together, stromal pdpn–Cre expression is well-suited to characterize the phenotype and to dissect the function of lymphoid organ stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Onder L. [Medical-scientific information]. G Ital Cardiol 2000; 29 Suppl 4:52-3. [PMID: 10686698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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