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Cosgrove J, Marçais A, Hartmann FJ, Bergthaler A, Zanoni I, Corrado M, Perié L, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Bousso P, Alexandrov T, Kielian T, Martínez-Martín N, Opitz CA, Lyssiotis CA, Argüello RJ, Van den Bossche J. A call for accessible tools to unlock single-cell immunometabolism research. Nat Metab 2024:10.1038/s42255-024-01031-w. [PMID: 38605184 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Cosgrove
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team Lyacts), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Felix J Hartmann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Systems Immunology & Single-Cell Biology, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Leïla Perié
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Bousso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Paris, France
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bio Studio, BioInnovation Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nuria Martínez-Martín
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer and the German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Purde MT, Cupovic J, Palmowski YA, Makky A, Schmidt S, Rochwarger A, Hartmann F, Stemeseder F, Lercher A, Abdou MT, Bomze D, Besse L, Berner F, Tüting T, Hölzel M, Bergthaler A, Kochanek S, Ludewig B, Lauterbach H, Orlinger KK, Bald T, Schietinger A, Schürch C, Ring SS, Flatz L. A replicating LCMV-based vaccine for the treatment of solid tumors. Mol Ther 2024; 32:426-439. [PMID: 38058126 PMCID: PMC10861942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to eradicate tumors requires identification and targeting of tumor antigens, including tumor-specific neoantigens and tumor-associated self-antigens. Tumor-associated antigens are subject to existing immune tolerance, which must be overcome by immunotherapies. Despite many novel immunotherapies reaching clinical trials, inducing self-antigen-specific immune responses remains challenging. Here, we systematically investigate viral-vector-based cancer vaccines encoding a tumor-associated self-antigen (TRP2) for the treatment of established melanomas in preclinical mouse models, alone or in combination with adoptive T cell therapy. We reveal that, unlike foreign antigens, tumor-associated antigens require replication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-based vectors to break tolerance and induce effective antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Immunization with a replicating LCMV vector leads to complete tumor rejection when combined with adoptive TRP2-specific T cell transfer. Importantly, immunization with replicating vectors leads to extended antigen persistence in secondary lymphoid organs, resulting in efficient T cell priming, which renders previously "cold" tumors open to immune infiltration and reprograms the tumor microenvironment to "hot." Our findings have important implications for the design of next-generation immunotherapies targeting solid cancers utilizing viral vectors and adoptive cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette-Triin Purde
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yannick A Palmowski
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Makky
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Rochwarger
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Lercher
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Therese Abdou
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lenka Besse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fiamma Berner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | | | - Christian Schürch
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital and Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra S Ring
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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3
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Richter FC, Saliutina M, Hegazy AN, Bergthaler A. Take my breath away-mitochondrial dysfunction drives CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Genes Immun 2024; 25:4-6. [PMID: 38253749 PMCID: PMC10873195 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
| | - Mariia Saliutina
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, ein Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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4
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Schönbichler A, Bergthaler A. A deep dive into transmissible cancer evolution in bivalve mollusks. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:1528-1530. [PMID: 37993693 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
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5
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Lichtensteiger C, Koblischke M, Berner F, Jochum AK, Sinnberg T, Balciunaite B, Purde MT, Walter V, Abdou MT, Hofmeister K, Kohler P, Vernazza P, Albrich WC, Kahlert CR, Zoufaly A, Traugott MT, Kern L, Pietsch U, Kleger GR, Filipovic M, Kneilling M, Cozzio A, Pop O, Bomze D, Bergthaler A, Hasan Ali O, Aberle J, Flatz L. Autoreactive T cells targeting type II pneumocyte antigens in COVID-19 convalescent patients. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103118. [PMID: 37826919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of autoreactive T cells on the course of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remains elusive. Type II pneumocytes represent the main target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Autoimmune responses against antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes may influence the severity of COVID-19 disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate autoreactive T cell responses against self-antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes in the blood of COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe disease. METHODS We collected blood samples of COVID-19 patients with varying degrees of disease severity and of pre-pandemic controls. T cell stimulation assays with peptide pools of type II pneumocyte antigens were performed in two independent cohorts to analyze the autoimmune T cell responses in patients with non-severe and severe COVID-19 disease. Target cell lysis assays were performed with lung cancer cell lines to determine the extent of cell killing by type II PAA-specific T cells. RESULTS We identified autoreactive T cell responses against four recently described self-antigens highly expressed in type II pneumocytes, known as surfactant protein A, surfactant protein B, surfactant protein C and napsin A, in the blood of COVID-19 patients. These antigens were termed type II pneumocyte-associated antigens (type II PAAs). We found that patients with non-severe COVID-19 disease showed a significantly higher frequency of type II PAA-specific autoreactive T cells in the blood when compared to severely ill patients. The presence of high frequencies of type II PAA-specific T cells in the blood of non-severe COVID-19 patients was independent of their age. We also found that napsin A-specific T cells from convalescent COVID-19 patients could kill lung cancer cells, demonstrating the functional and cytotoxic role of these T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that autoreactive type II PAA-specific T cells have a protective role in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the presence of high frequencies of these autoreactive T cells indicates effective viral control in COVID-19 patients. Type II-PAA-specific T cells may therefore promote the killing of infected type II pneumocytes and viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fiamma Berner
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Kristin Jochum
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Insitute of Pathology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Balciunaite
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mette-Triin Purde
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Walter
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Abdou
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Hofmeister
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianna T Traugott
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kern
- Department of Pneumology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Pietsch
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Reto Kleger
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Miodrag Filipovic
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Rescue and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Cozzio
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oltin Pop
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Omar Hasan Ali
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Judith Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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6
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Richter FC, Bergthaler A. You only waste twice: T cells in parasite-induced organ wasting. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112829. [PMID: 37490906 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Reports, Redford et al.1 uncouple the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in controlling anorexia and wasting of muscle and adipose tissue during chronic parasitic infections. These results shed light on the impact of adaptive immune cells on organ catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Department of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
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7
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Antonio-Herrera L, Bergthaler A. Molecular basis for muscle loss that causes cachexia. Nature 2023; 617:684-685. [PMID: 37165218 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-01527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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8
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Triska P, Amman F, Endler L, Bergthaler A. WAVES (Web-based tool for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental Samples)-a web application for visualization of wastewater pathogen sequencing results. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad160. [PMID: 37018136 PMCID: PMC10081868 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Environmental monitoring of pathogens provides an accurate and timely source of information for public health authorities and policymakers. In the last 2 years, wastewater sequencing proved to be an effective way of detection and quantification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants circulating in population. Wastewater sequencing produces substantial amounts of geographical and genomic data. Proper visualization of spatial and temporal patterns in these data is crucial for the assessment of the epidemiological situation and forecasting. Here, we present a web-based dashboard application for the visualization and analysis of data obtained from sequencing of environmental samples. The dashboard provides multi-layered visualization of geographical and genomic data. It allows to display frequencies of detected pathogen variants as well as individual mutation frequencies. The features of WAVES (Web-based tool for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental Samples) for early tracking and detection of novel variants in the wastewater are demonstrated in an example of BA.1 variant and the signature Spike mutation S: E484A. WAVES dashboard is easily customized through the editable configuration file and can be used for different types of pathogens and environmental samples. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION WAVES source code is freely available at https://github.com/ptriska/WavesDash under MIT license. A demo version of this application can be accessed at: https://wavesdashboard.azurewebsites.net/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Triska
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
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9
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Klughammer J, Romanovskaia D, Nemc A, Posautz A, Seid CA, Schuster LC, Keinath MC, Lugo Ramos JS, Kosack L, Evankow A, Printz D, Kirchberger S, Ergüner B, Datlinger P, Fortelny N, Schmidl C, Farlik M, Skjærven K, Bergthaler A, Liedvogel M, Thaller D, Burger PA, Hermann M, Distel M, Distel DL, Kübber-Heiss A, Bock C. Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species. Nat Commun 2023; 14:232. [PMID: 36646694 PMCID: PMC9842680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of cytosines is a prototypic epigenetic modification of the DNA. It has been implicated in various regulatory mechanisms across the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates. We mapped DNA methylation in 580 animal species (535 vertebrates, 45 invertebrates), resulting in 2443 genome-scale DNA methylation profiles of multiple organs. Bioinformatic analysis of this large dataset quantified the association of DNA methylation with the underlying genomic DNA sequence throughout vertebrate evolution. We observed a broadly conserved link with two major transitions-once in the first vertebrates and again with the emergence of reptiles. Cross-species comparisons focusing on individual organs supported a deeply conserved association of DNA methylation with tissue type, and cross-mapping analysis of DNA methylation at gene promoters revealed evolutionary changes for orthologous genes. In summary, this study establishes a large resource of vertebrate and invertebrate DNA methylomes, it showcases the power of reference-free epigenome analysis in species for which no reference genomes are available, and it contributes an epigenetic perspective to the study of vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. .,Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Daria Romanovskaia
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelie Nemc
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Posautz
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte A Seid
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, USA
| | - Linda C Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Juan Sebastian Lugo Ramos
- Max Planck Research Group Behavioral Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann Evankow
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, USA
| | - Dieter Printz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Kirchberger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bekir Ergüner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Datlinger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schmidl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University of Vienna, Center for Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Liedvogel
- Max Planck Research Group Behavioral Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Denise Thaller
- Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pamela A Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcela Hermann
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel L Distel
- Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University Marine Science Center, Nahant, USA
| | - Anna Kübber-Heiss
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. .,Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Gafurov A, Baláž A, Amman F, Boršová K, Čabanová V, Klempa B, Bergthaler A, Vinař T, Brejová B. VirPool: model-based estimation of SARS-CoV-2 variant proportions in wastewater samples. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:551. [PMID: 36536300 PMCID: PMC9761630 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-05100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genomes of SARS-CoV-2 are classified into variants, some of which are monitored as variants of concern (e.g. the Delta variant B.1.617.2 or Omicron variant B.1.1.529). Proportions of these variants circulating in a human population are typically estimated by large-scale sequencing of individual patient samples. Sequencing a mixture of SARS-CoV-2 RNA molecules from wastewater provides a cost-effective alternative, but requires methods for estimating variant proportions in a mixed sample. RESULTS We propose a new method based on a probabilistic model of sequencing reads, capturing sequence diversity present within individual variants, as well as sequencing errors. The algorithm is implemented in an open source Python program called VirPool. We evaluate the accuracy of VirPool on several simulated and real sequencing data sets from both Illumina and nanopore sequencing platforms, including wastewater samples from Austria and France monitoring the onset of the Alpha variant. CONCLUSIONS VirPool is a versatile tool for wastewater and other mixed-sample analysis that can handle both short- and long-read sequencing data. Our approach does not require pre-selection of characteristic mutations for variant profiles, it is able to use the entire length of reads instead of just the most informative positions, and can also capture haplotype dependencies within a single read.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askar Gafurov
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Baláž
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Fabian Amman
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalsgasse 15, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Kristína Boršová
- grid.419303.c0000 0001 2180 9405Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Čabanová
- grid.419303.c0000 0001 2180 9405Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Klempa
- grid.419303.c0000 0001 2180 9405Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- grid.4299.60000 0001 2169 3852CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalsgasse 15, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Tomáš Vinař
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Broňa Brejová
- grid.7634.60000000109409708Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Amman F, Markt R, Endler L, Hupfauf S, Agerer B, Schedl A, Richter L, Zechmeister M, Bicher M, Heiler G, Triska P, Thornton M, Penz T, Senekowitsch M, Laine J, Keszei Z, Klimek P, Nägele F, Mayr M, Daleiden B, Steinlechner M, Niederstätter H, Heidinger P, Rauch W, Scheffknecht C, Vogl G, Weichlinger G, Wagner AO, Slipko K, Masseron A, Radu E, Allerberger F, Popper N, Bock C, Schmid D, Oberacher H, Kreuzinger N, Insam H, Bergthaler A. Viral variant-resolved wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at national scale. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1814-1822. [PMID: 35851376 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology is poised to provide a complementary approach to sequencing individual cases. However, robust quantification of variants and de novo detection of emerging variants remains challenging for existing strategies. We deep sequenced 3,413 wastewater samples representing 94 municipal catchments, covering >59% of the population of Austria, from December 2020 to February 2022. Our system of variant quantification in sewage pipeline designed for robustness (termed VaQuERo) enabled us to deduce the spatiotemporal abundance of predefined variants from complex wastewater samples. These results were validated against epidemiological records of >311,000 individual cases. Furthermore, we describe elevated viral genetic diversity during the Delta variant period, provide a framework to predict emerging variants and measure the reproductive advantage of variants of concern by calculating variant-specific reproduction numbers from wastewater. Together, this study demonstrates the power of national-scale WBE to support public health and promises particular value for countries without extensive individual monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Amman
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Hupfauf
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schedl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Richter
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Bicher
- dwh GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Heiler
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Information Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Triska
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew Thornton
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Senekowitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Laine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsofia Keszei
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Klimek
- Complexity Science Hub, Vienna, Austria.,Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabiana Nägele
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Mayr
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Daleiden
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Steinlechner
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Harald Niederstätter
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Heidinger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Rauch
- Department of Infrastructure, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Gunther Vogl
- Institut für Lebensmittelsicherheit, Veterinärmedizin und Umwelt des Landes Kärnten, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Günther Weichlinger
- Abteilung 12 - Wasserwirtschaft, Amt der Kärntner Landesregierung, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | | | - Katarzyna Slipko
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amandine Masseron
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena Radu
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Ştefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Niki Popper
- dwh GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Norbert Kreuzinger
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heribert Insam
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. .,Institute of Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Purde MT, Hartmann F, Cupovic J, Schmidt S, Bomze D, Stemeseder F, Lercher A, Besse L, Berner F, Tüting T, Bergthaler A, Schietinger A, Kochanek S, Ludewig B, Orlinger KK, Bald T, Ring SS, Flatz L. Abstract 3298: Propagation competence of a self-antigen-targeting arenavirus vector based cancer therapy determines antitumor efficacy in mouse melanoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Breaking self-tolerance and inducing a robust immune response targeting tumor cell derived self-antigens by therapeutic vaccines has remained challenging. We have generated a replicating viral vector based on the arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus expressing the melanoma tissue-specific self-antigen Trp2 (artLCMV-Trp2) and show that a single immunization of mice bearing established melanoma with this vector can break tolerance against this self antigen and induces high levels of tumor-infiltrating TRP2+ CD8+ T cells. These T cells express the effector cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, lack markers of T cell exhaustion, and their appearance coincides with marked inhibition of tumor growth and significant survival benefit. artLCMV-TRP2 induced a strong type I interferon response that resulted in transient type I-dependent Treg inhibition that was necessary for the generation of optimal antitumoral T cell responses. Moreover, artLCMV-TRP2 vaccination proved able to induce complete tumor remission when combined with infusion of exogenous TRP2-specific T cells into mice. In conclusion, replication competence is a key property of artLCMV-TRP2 that enabled effective anti-cancer immunity and therapeutic effect.
Citation Format: Mette-Triin Purde, Fabienne Hartmann, Jovana Cupovic, Sarah Schmidt, David Bomze, Felix Stemeseder, Alexander Lercher, Lenka Besse, Fiamma Berner, Thomas Tüting, Andreas Bergthaler, Andrea Schietinger, Stefan Kochanek, Burkhard Ludewig, Klaus K. Orlinger, Tobias Bald, Sandra S. Ring, Lukas Flatz. Propagation competence of a self-antigen-targeting arenavirus vector based cancer therapy determines antitumor efficacy in mouse melanoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3298.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Bomze
- 1Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Lercher
- 3Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lenka Besse
- 4Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andreas Bergthaler
- 3Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Bald
- 8QIMR Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lukas Flatz
- 1Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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13
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Radu E, Masseron A, Amman F, Schedl A, Agerer B, Endler L, Penz T, Bock C, Bergthaler A, Vierheilig J, Hufnagl P, Korschineck I, Krampe J, Kreuzinger N. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha lineage and its correlation with quantitative wastewater-based epidemiology data. Water Res 2022; 215:118257. [PMID: 35303559 PMCID: PMC8898540 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gave rise to an international public health emergency in 3 months after its emergence in Wuhan, China. Typically for an RNA virus, random mutations occur constantly leading to new lineages, incidental with a higher transmissibility. The highly infective alpha lineage, firstly discovered in the UK, led to elevated mortality and morbidity rates as a consequence of Covid-19, worldwide. Wastewater surveillance proved to be a powerful tool for early detection and subsequent monitoring of the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in a defined catchment. Using a combination of sequencing and RT-qPCR approaches, we investigated the total SARS-CoV-2 concentration and the emergence of the alpha lineage in wastewater samples in Vienna, Austria linking it to clinical data. Based on a non-linear regression model and occurrence of signature mutations, we conclude that the alpha variant was present in Vienna sewage samples already in December 2020, even one month before the first clinical case was officially confirmed and reported by the health authorities. This provides evidence that a well-designed wastewater monitoring approach can provide a fast snapshot and may detect the circulating lineages in wastewater weeks before they are detectable in the clinical samples. Furthermore, declining 14 days prevalence data with simultaneously increasing SARS-CoV-2 total concentration in wastewater indicate a different shedding behavior for the alpha variant. Overall, our results support wastewater surveillance to be a suitable approach to spot early circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages based on whole genome sequencing and signature mutations analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Radu
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz, 13/2261, 1040, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Virology Stefan S. Nicolau, Romanian Academy of Science, 285 Mihai Bravu Avenue, 030304, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amandine Masseron
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz, 13/2261, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Schedl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT 25.3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Vierheilig
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz, 13/2261, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hufnagl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety AGES, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währingerstraße 25A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Korschineck
- Ingenetix GmbH, Arsenalstraße 11/Hüttenbrennergasse 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz, 13/2261, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Kreuzinger
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz, 13/2261, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Emtenani S, Martin ET, Gyoergy A, Bicher J, Genger JW, Köcher T, Akhmanova M, Guarda M, Roblek M, Bergthaler A, Hurd TR, Rangan P, Siekhaus DE. Macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics and tissue invasion are boosted by an Atossa-Porthos axis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109049. [PMID: 35319107 PMCID: PMC9194793 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism must adapt to changing demands to enable homeostasis. During immune responses or cancer metastasis, cells leading migration into challenging environments require an energy boost, but what controls this capacity is unclear. Here, we study a previously uncharacterized nuclear protein, Atossa (encoded by CG9005), which supports macrophage invasion into the germband of Drosophila by controlling cellular metabolism. First, nuclear Atossa increases mRNA levels of Porthos, a DEAD‐box protein, and of two metabolic enzymes, lysine‐α‐ketoglutarate reductase (LKR/SDH) and NADPH glyoxylate reductase (GR/HPR), thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Then Porthos supports ribosome assembly and thereby raises the translational efficiency of a subset of mRNAs, including those affecting mitochondrial functions, the electron transport chain, and metabolism. Mitochondrial respiration measurements, metabolomics, and live imaging indicate that Atossa and Porthos power up OxPhos and energy production to promote the forging of a path into tissues by leading macrophages. Since many crucial physiological responses require increases in mitochondrial energy output, this previously undescribed genetic program may modulate a wide range of cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Elliot T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Bicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Hurd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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15
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Gawish R, Starkl P, Pimenov L, Hladik A, Lakovits K, Oberndorfer F, Cronin SJF, Ohradanova-Repic A, Wirnsberger G, Agerer B, Endler L, Capraz T, Perthold JW, Cikes D, Koglgruber R, Hagelkruys A, Montserrat N, Mirazimi A, Boon L, Stockinger H, Bergthaler A, Oostenbrink C, Penninger JM, Knapp S. ACE2 is the critical in vivo receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in a novel COVID-19 mouse model with TNF- and IFNγ-driven immunopathology. eLife 2022; 11:e74623. [PMID: 35023830 PMCID: PMC8776253 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of COVID-19, mechanistic insight into immunological, disease-driving factors remains limited. We generated maVie16, a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, by serial passaging of a human isolate. In silico modeling revealed how only three Spike mutations of maVie16 enhanced interaction with murine ACE2. maVie16 induced profound pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and the resulting mouse COVID-19 (mCOVID-19) replicated critical aspects of human disease, including early lymphopenia, pulmonary immune cell infiltration, pneumonia, and specific adaptive immunity. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNF substantially reduced immunopathology. Importantly, genetic ACE2-deficiency completely prevented mCOVID-19 development. Finally, inhalation therapy with recombinant ACE2 fully protected mice from mCOVID-19, revealing a novel and efficient treatment. Thus, we here present maVie16 as a new tool to model COVID-19 for the discovery of new therapies and show that disease severity is determined by cytokine-driven immunopathology and critically dependent on ACE2 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Starkl
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lisabeth Pimenov
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Shane JF Cronin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Tümay Capraz
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Jan W Perthold
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Rubina Koglgruber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y NanomedicinaMadridSpain
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Clinical MicrobiologyStockholmSweden
- National Veterinary InstituteUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Institute of Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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16
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Markt R, Endler L, Amman F, Schedl A, Penz T, Büchel-Marxer M, Grünbacher D, Mayr M, Peer E, Pedrazzini M, Rauch W, Wagner AO, Allerberger F, Bergthaler A, Insam H. Detection and abundance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Liechtenstein, and the estimation of prevalence and impact of the B.1.1.7 variant. J Water Health 2022; 20:114-125. [PMID: 35100159 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2021.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to be also shed through feces, which makes wastewater-based surveillance possible, independent of symptomatic cases and unbiased by any testing strategies and frequencies. We investigated the entire population of the Principality of Liechtenstein with samples from the wastewater treatment plant Bendern (serving all 39,000 inhabitants). Twenty-four-hour composite samples were taken once or twice a week over a period of 6 months from September 2020 to March 2021. Viral RNA was concentrated using the PEG centrifugation method followed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The aim of this research was to assess the suitability of SARS-CoV-2 fragments to relate the viral wastewater signal to the incidences and assess the impact of the emerging B.1.1.7. variant. The viral load in the wastewater peaked at almost 9 × 108 viral fragments per person equivalent (PE) and day on October 25, and showed a second peak on December 22 reaching a viral load of approximately 2 × 108 PE-1d-1. Individual testing showed a lag of 4 days and a distinct underestimation of cases at the first peak when testing frequency was low. The wastewater signal showed an immediate response to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The new virus variant B.1.1.7. was first detected in wastewater on December 23, while it was first observed with individual testing on January 13, 2021. Further, our data indicate that the emergence of new virus variant may change the wastewater signal, probably due to different shedding patterns, which should be considered in future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - L Endler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - F Amman
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - A Schedl
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - T Penz
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - M Büchel-Marxer
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Culture, Peter-Kaiser-Platz 1, Vaduz 9490, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - D Grünbacher
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - M Mayr
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - E Peer
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - M Pedrazzini
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Culture, Peter-Kaiser-Platz 1, Vaduz 9490, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - W Rauch
- Unit of Environmental Engineering, Department of Infrastructure, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - A O Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
| | - F Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Vienna 1220, Austria
| | - A Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - H Insam
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, Innsbruck 6020, Austria E-mail:
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17
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Pemovska T, Bigenzahn JW, Srndic I, Lercher A, Bergthaler A, César-Razquin A, Kartnig F, Kornauth C, Valent P, Staber PB, Superti-Furga G. Metabolic drug survey highlights cancer cell dependencies and vulnerabilities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7190. [PMID: 34907165 PMCID: PMC8671470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interrogation of cellular metabolism with high-throughput screening approaches can unravel contextual biology and identify cancer-specific metabolic vulnerabilities. To systematically study the consequences of distinct metabolic perturbations, we assemble a comprehensive metabolic drug library (CeMM Library of Metabolic Drugs; CLIMET) covering 243 compounds. We, next, characterize it phenotypically in a diverse panel of myeloid leukemia cell lines and primary patient cells. Analysis of the drug response profiles reveals that 77 drugs affect cell viability, with the top effective compounds targeting nucleic acid synthesis, oxidative stress, and the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Clustering of individual drug response profiles stratifies the cell lines into five functional groups, which link to specific molecular and metabolic features. Mechanistic characterization of selective responses to the PI3K inhibitor pictilisib, the fatty acid synthase inhibitor GSK2194069, and the SLC16A1 inhibitor AZD3965, bring forth biomarkers of drug response. Phenotypic screening using CLIMET represents a valuable tool to probe cellular metabolism and identify metabolic dependencies at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Pemovska
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes W Bigenzahn
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ismet Srndic
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adrián César-Razquin
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Kartnig
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Kornauth
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Hasan Ali O, Bomze D, Risch L, Brugger SD, Paprotny M, Weber M, Thiel S, Kern L, Albrich WC, Kohler P, Kahlert CR, Vernazza P, Bühler PK, Schüpbach RA, Gómez-Mejia A, Popa AM, Bergthaler A, Penninger JM, Flatz L. Erratum to: Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is Associated With Elevated Serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and Antiphospholipid IgA Antibodies. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:1746. [PMID: 34550333 PMCID: PMC8787408 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hasan Ali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Paprotny
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Myriam Weber
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Sarah Thiel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Lukas Kern
- Department of Pulmonology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp K Bühler
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A Schüpbach
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Correspondence: L. Flatz, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Institute of Immunobiology, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland ()
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19
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Zhu C, Boucheron N, Müller AC, Májek P, Claudel T, Halilbasic E, Baazim H, Lercher A, Viczenczova C, Hainberger D, Preglej T, Sandner L, Alteneder M, Gülich AF, Khan M, Hamminger P, Remetic J, Ohradanova-Repic A, Schatzlmaier P, Donner C, Fuchs CD, Stojakovic T, Scharnagl H, Sakaguchi S, Weichhart T, Bergthaler A, Stockinger H, Ellmeier W, Trauner M. 24-Norursodeoxycholic acid reshapes immunometabolism in CD8 + T cells and alleviates hepatic inflammation. J Hepatol 2021; 75:1164-1176. [PMID: 34242699 PMCID: PMC8522806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS 24-Norursodeoxycholic acid (NorUDCA) is a novel therapeutic bile acid used to treat immune-mediated cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), where dysregulated T cells including CD8+ T cells contribute to hepatobiliary immunopathology. We hypothesized that NorUDCA may directly modulate CD8+ T cell function thus contributing to its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS NorUDCA's immunomodulatory effects were first studied in Mdr2-/- mice, as a cholestatic model of PSC. To differentiate NorUDCA's immunomodulatory effects on CD8+ T cell function from its anticholestatic actions, we also used a non-cholestatic model of hepatic injury induced by an excessive CD8+ T cell immune response upon acute non-cytolytic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Studies included molecular and biochemical approaches, flow cytometry and metabolic assays in murine CD8+ T cells in vitro. Mass spectrometry was used to identify potential CD8+ T cell targets modulated by NorUDCA. The signaling effects of NorUDCA observed in murine cells were validated in circulating T cells from patients with PSC. RESULTS NorUDCA demonstrated immunomodulatory effects by reducing hepatic innate and adaptive immune cells, including CD8+ T cells in the Mdr2-/- model. In the non-cholestatic model of CD8+ T cell-driven immunopathology induced by acute LCMV infection, NorUDCA ameliorated hepatic injury and systemic inflammation. Mechanistically, NorUDCA demonstrated strong immunomodulatory efficacy in CD8+ T cells affecting lymphoblastogenesis, expansion, glycolysis and mTORC1 signaling. Mass spectrometry identified that NorUDCA regulates CD8+ T cells by targeting mTORC1. NorUDCA's impact on mTORC1 signaling was further confirmed in circulating PSC CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS NorUDCA has a direct modulatory impact on CD8+ T cells and attenuates excessive CD8+ T cell-driven hepatic immunopathology. These findings are relevant for treatment of immune-mediated liver diseases such as PSC. LAY SUMMARY Elucidating the mechanisms by which 24-norursodeoxycholic acid (NorUDCA) works for the treatment of immune-mediated liver diseases, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, is of considerable clinical interest. Herein, we uncovered an unrecognized property of NorUDCA in the immunometabolic regulation of CD8+ T cells, which has therapeutic relevance for immune-mediated liver diseases, including PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Zhu
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Boucheron
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - André C. Müller
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emina Halilbasic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Hainberger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Preglej
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Sandner
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlis Alteneder
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra F. Gülich
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matarr Khan
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Hamminger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Remetic
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Schatzlmaier
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Donner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia D. Fuchs
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Scharnagl
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory of Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Nicholson MD, Endler L, Popa A, Genger JW, Bock C, Michor F, Bergthaler A. Response to comment on "Genomic epidemiology of superspreading events in Austria reveals mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS-CoV-2". Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabj3222. [PMID: 34705522 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Further analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing data identifies several highly recurrent genetic variants with low allele frequencies, which, if filtered out, provide estimates consistent with tighter transmission bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nicholson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Leber W, Lammel O, Redlberger-Fritz M, Mustafa-Korninger ME, Glehr RC, Camp J, Agerer B, Lercher A, Popa A, Genger JW, Penz T, Aberle S, Bock C, Bergthaler A, Stiasny K, Hochstrasser EM, Hoellinger C, Siebenhofer A, Griffiths C, Panovska-Griffiths J. Rapid, early and accurate SARS-CoV-2 detection using RT-qPCR in primary care: a prospective cohort study (REAP-1). BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045225. [PMID: 34341034 PMCID: PMC8331320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explore the importance of SARS-CoV-2 sentinel surveillance testing in primary care during a regional COVID-19 outbreak in Austria. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A single sentinel practice serving 22 829 people in the ski-resort of Schladming-Dachstein. PARTICIPANTS All 73 patients presenting with mild-to-moderate flu-like symptoms between 24 February and 03 April, 2020. INTERVENTION Nasopharyngeal sampling to detect SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). OUTCOME MEASURES We compared RT-qPCR at presentation with confirmed antibody status. We split the outbreak in two parts, by halving the period from the first to the last case, to characterise three cohorts of patients with confirmed infection: early acute (RT-qPCR reactive) in the first half; and late acute (reactive) and late convalescent (non-reactive) in the second half. For each cohort, we report the number of cases detected, the accuracy of RT-qPCR, the duration and variety of symptoms, and the number of viral clades present. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (eight early acute, seven late acute and seven late convalescent), 44 patients tested SARS-CoV-2 negative and 7 were excluded. The sensitivity of RT-qPCR was 100% among all acute cases, dropping to 68.1% when including convalescent. Test specificity was 100%. Mean duration of symptoms for each group were 2 days (range 1-4) among early acute, 4.4 days (1-7) among late acute and 8 days (2-12) among late convalescent. Confirmed infection was associated with loss of taste. Acute infection was associated with loss of taste, nausea/vomiting, breathlessness, sore throat and myalgia; but not anosmia, fever or cough. Transmission clusters of three viral clades (G, GR and L) were identified. CONCLUSIONS RT-qPCR testing in primary care can rapidly and accurately detect SARS-CoV-2 among people with flu-like illness in a heterogeneous viral outbreak. Targeted testing in primary care can support national sentinel surveillance of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Leber
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Centre for Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Reingard Christina Glehr
- Institute of General Practice and Evidence-based Health Services Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jeremy Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Andrea Siebenhofer
- Institute of General Practice and Evidence-based Health Services Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for General Practice, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chris Griffiths
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Centre for Primary Care, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Queen's College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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22
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Buchta C, Camp JV, Jovanovic J, Chiba P, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Mayerhofer M, Plicka H, Lercher A, Popa AM, Endler L, Bergthaler A, Huf W, Benka B, Delatour V, Müller MM, Griesmacher A, Aberle SW, Görzer I. The versatility of external quality assessment for the surveillance of laboratory and in vitro diagnostic performance: SARS-CoV-2 viral genome detection in Austria. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1735-1744. [PMID: 34187131 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES External quality assessment (EQA) schemes provide information on individual and general analytical performance of participating laboratories and test systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and performance of SARS-CoV-2 virus genome detection systems in Austrian laboratories and their preparedness to face challenges associated with the pandemic. METHODS Seven samples were selected to evaluate performance and estimate variability of reported results. Notably, a dilution series was included in the panel as a measure of reproducibility and sensitivity. Several performance criteria were evaluated for individual participants as well as in the cohort of all participants. RESULTS A total of 109 laboratories participated and used 134 platforms, including 67 different combinations of extraction and PCR platforms and corresponding reagents. There were no false positives and 10 (1.2%) false negative results, including nine in the weakly positive sample (C t ∼35.9, ∼640 copies/mL). Twenty (22%) laboratories reported results of mutation detection. Twenty-five (19%) test systems included amplification of human RNA as evidence of proper sampling. The overall linearity of C t values from individual test systems for the dilution series was good, but inter-assay variability was high. Both operator-related and systematic failures appear to have caused incorrect results. CONCLUSIONS Beyond providing certification for participating laboratories, EQA provides the opportunity for participants to evaluate their performance against others so that they may improve operating procedures and test systems. Well-selected EQA samples offer additional inferences to be made about assay sensitivity and reproducibility, which have practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Buchta
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeremy V Camp
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Jovanovic
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Chiba
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Mayerhofer
- Armament and Defence Technology Agency, NBC & Environmental Protection Technology Division, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Plicka
- Armament and Defence Technology Agency, NBC & Environmental Protection Technology Division, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Huf
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Risk Management, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Benka
- Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Delatour
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), Paris, France
| | - Mathias M Müller
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Görzer
- Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA), Vienna, Austria.,Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Klein K, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Gotthardt D, Agerer B, Locker F, Grausenburger R, Knab VM, Bergthaler A, Sexl V. T Cell-Intrinsic CDK6 Is Dispensable for Anti-Viral and Anti-Tumor Responses In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650977. [PMID: 34248938 PMCID: PMC8264666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) regulates the transition through the G1-phase of the cell cycle, but also acts as a transcriptional regulator. As such CDK6 regulates cell survival or cytokine secretion together with STATs, AP-1 or NF-κB. In the hematopoietic system, CDK6 regulates T cell development and promotes leukemia and lymphoma. CDK4/6 kinase inhibitors are FDA approved for treatment of breast cancer patients and have been reported to enhance T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. The involvement of CDK6 in T cell functions remains enigmatic. We here investigated the role of CDK6 in CD8+ T cells, using previously generated CDK6 knockout (Cdk6-/-) and kinase-dead mutant CDK6 (Cdk6K43M) knock-in mice. RNA-seq analysis indicated a role of CDK6 in T cell metabolism and interferon (IFN) signaling. To investigate whether these CDK6 functions are T cell-intrinsic, we generated a T cell-specific CDK6 knockout mouse model (Cdk6fl/fl CD4-Cre). T cell-intrinsic loss of CDK6 enhanced mitochondrial respiration in CD8+ T cells, but did not impact on cytotoxicity and production of the effector cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8+ T cells in vitro. Loss of CDK6 in peripheral T cells did not affect tumor surveillance of MC38 tumors in vivo. Similarly, while we observed an impaired induction of early responses to type I IFN in CDK6-deficient CD8+ T cells, we failed to observe any differences in the response to LCMV infection upon T cell-intrinsic loss of CDK6 in vivo. This apparent contradiction might at least partially be explained by the reduced expression of Socs1, a negative regulator of IFN signaling, in CDK6-deficient CD8+ T cells. Therefore, our data are in line with a dual role of CDK6 in IFN signaling; while CDK6 promotes early IFN responses, it is also involved in the induction of a negative feedback loop. These data assign CDK6 a role in the fine-tuning of cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Locker
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Maria Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Smyth M, Khamina K, Popa A, Gudipati V, Agerer B, Lercher A, Kosack L, Endler L, Baazim H, Viczenczova C, Huppa JB, Bergthaler A. Characterization of CD8 T Cell-Mediated Mutations in the Immunodominant Epitope GP33-41 of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638485. [PMID: 34194424 PMCID: PMC8236698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) represent key immune effectors of the host response against chronic viruses, due to their cytotoxic response to virus-infected cells. In response to this selection pressure, viruses may accumulate escape mutations that evade CTL-mediated control. To study the emergence of CTL escape mutations, we employed the murine chronic infection model of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We developed an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing pipeline to detect low frequency mutations in the viral genome and identified non-synonymous mutations in the immunodominant LCMV CTL epitope, GP33-41, in infected wildtype mice. Infected Rag2-deficient mice lacking CTLs did not contain such viral mutations. By using transgenic mice with T cell receptors specific to GP33-41, we characterized the emergence of viral mutations in this epitope under varying selection pressure. We investigated the two most abundant viral mutations by employing reverse genetically engineered viral mutants encoding the respective mutations. These experiments provided evidence that these mutations prevent activation and expansion of epitope-specific CD8 T cells. Our findings on the mutational dynamics of CTL escape mutations in a widely-studied viral infection model contributes to our understanding of how chronic viruses interact with their host and evade the immune response. This may guide the development of future treatments and vaccines against chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Smyth
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Agerer B, Lercher A, Bergthaler A. The serine's call: Suppressing interferon responses. Cell Metab 2021; 33:849-850. [PMID: 33951468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism and immune function are closely linked. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Shen et al. (2021) identify serine metabolism as a central integration hub of cellular metabolism, antiviral immunity, and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Unterluggauer L, Pospischil I, Krall C, Saluzzo S, Kimeswenger S, Karolyi M, Wenisch C, Lamprecht B, Guenova E, Winkler S, Viczenczova C, Bergthaler A, Weninger W, Hoetzenecker W, Stary G. Cutaneous manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: A 2-center, prospective, case-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:202-204. [PMID: 33771589 PMCID: PMC7986311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Pospischil
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Krall
- Centre for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Saluzzo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Kimeswenger
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Karolyi
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wenisch
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinik Favoriten, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Department of Pneumology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Hoetzenecker
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
| | - Georg Stary
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Gülich AF, Rica R, Tizian C, Viczenczova C, Khamina K, Faux T, Hainberger D, Penz T, Bosselut R, Bock C, Laiho A, Elo LL, Bergthaler A, Ellmeier W, Sakaguchi S. Complex Interplay Between MAZR and Runx3 Regulates the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:535039. [PMID: 33815354 PMCID: PMC8010151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.535039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The BTB zinc finger transcription factor MAZR (also known as PATZ1) controls, partially in synergy with the transcription factor Runx3, the development of CD8 lineage T cells. Here we explored the role of MAZR as well as combined activities of MAZR/Runx3 during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. In contrast to the essential role of Runx3 for CTL effector function, the deletion of MAZR had a mild effect on the generation of CTLs in vitro. However, a transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the combined deletion of MAZR and Runx3 resulted in much more widespread downregulation of CTL signature genes compared to single Runx3 deletion, indicating that MAZR partially compensates for loss of Runx3 in CTLs. Moreover, in line with the findings made in vitro, the analysis of CTL responses to LCMV infection revealed that MAZR and Runx3 cooperatively regulate the expression of CD8α, Granzyme B and perforin in vivo. Interestingly, while memory T cell differentiation is severely impaired in Runx3-deficient mice, the deletion of MAZR leads to an enlargement of the long-lived memory subset and also partially restored the differentiation defect caused by loss of Runx3. This indicates distinct functions of MAZR and Runx3 in the generation of memory T cell subsets, which is in contrast to their cooperative roles in CTLs. Together, our study demonstrates complex interplay between MAZR and Runx3 during CTL and memory T cell differentiation, and provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of CTL and memory T cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Franziska Gülich
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramona Rica
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Faux
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniela Hainberger
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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28
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Wilson JL, Nägele T, Linke M, Demel F, Fritsch SD, Mayr HK, Cai Z, Katholnig K, Sun X, Fragner L, Miller A, Haschemi A, Popa A, Bergthaler A, Hengstschläger M, Weichhart T, Weckwerth W. Inverse Data-Driven Modeling and Multiomics Analysis Reveals Phgdh as a Metabolic Checkpoint of Macrophage Polarization and Proliferation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1542-1552.e7. [PMID: 32023468 PMCID: PMC7003064 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an important regulator of effector functions, proliferation, and cellular metabolism in macrophages. The biochemical processes that are controlled by mTORC1 are still being defined. Here, we demonstrate that integrative multiomics in conjunction with a data-driven inverse modeling approach, termed COVRECON, identifies a biochemical node that influences overall metabolic profiles and reactions of mTORC1-dependent macrophage metabolism. Using a combined approach of metabolomics, proteomics, mRNA expression analysis, and enzymatic activity measurements, we demonstrate that Tsc2, a negative regulator of mTORC1 signaling, critically influences the cellular activity of macrophages by regulating the enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh) in an mTORC1-dependent manner. More generally, while lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages repress Phgdh activity, IL-4-stimulated macrophages increase the activity of the enzyme required for the expression of key anti-inflammatory molecules and macrophage proliferation. Thus, we identify Phgdh as a metabolic checkpoint of M2 macrophages. Metabolomics and inverse modeling reveal a Tsc2/mTORC1-dependent checkpoint in macrophages M2 macrophages have high Phgdh activity Phgdh activity promotes M2 polarization Phgdh activity supports macrophage proliferation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Louise Wilson
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department Biology I, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Florian Demel
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Stephanie D Fritsch
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Hannah Katharina Mayr
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Zhengnan Cai
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Karl Katholnig
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lena Fragner
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anne Miller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Arvand Haschemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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29
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Agerer B, Koblischke M, Gudipati V, Montaño-Gutierrez LF, Smyth M, Popa A, Genger JW, Endler L, Florian DM, Mühlgrabner V, Graninger M, Aberle SW, Husa AM, Shaw LE, Lercher A, Gattinger P, Torralba-Gombau R, Trapin D, Penz T, Barreca D, Fae I, Wenda S, Traugott M, Walder G, Pickl WF, Thiel V, Allerberger F, Stockinger H, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Weninger W, Fischer G, Hoepler W, Pawelka E, Zoufaly A, Valenta R, Bock C, Paster W, Geyeregger R, Farlik M, Halbritter F, Huppa JB, Aberle JH, Bergthaler A. SARS-CoV-2 mutations in MHC-I-restricted epitopes evade CD8 + T cell responses. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabg6461. [PMID: 33664060 PMCID: PMC8224398 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in COVID-19 severity and virus control. Here, we identified nonsynonymous mutations in MHC-I-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes after deep sequencing of 747 SARS-CoV-2 virus isolates. Mutant peptides exhibited diminished or abrogated MHC-I binding in a cell-free in vitro assay. Reduced MHC-I binding of mutant peptides was associated with decreased proliferation, IFN-γ production and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells isolated from HLA-matched COVID-19 patients. Single cell RNA sequencing of ex vivo expanded, tetramer-sorted CD8+ T cells from COVID-19 patients further revealed qualitative differences in the transcriptional response to mutant peptides. Our findings highlight the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to subvert CD8+ T cell surveillance through point mutations in MHC-I-restricted viral epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Smyth
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Florian
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mühlgrabner
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Husa
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Ellen Shaw
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ricard Torralba-Gombau
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Barreca
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Fae
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Wenda
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Walder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Fischer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Erich Pawelka
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, First Moscow State Medical University Sechenov, Moscow, Russia.,NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - René Geyeregger
- St. Anna Children´s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Liu GJ, Jaritz M, Wöhner M, Agerer B, Bergthaler A, Malin SG, Busslinger M. Repression of the B cell identity factor Pax5 is not required for plasma cell development. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152012. [PMID: 32780801 PMCID: PMC7596824 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell and plasma cell fates are controlled by different transcriptional networks, as exemplified by the mutually exclusive expression and cross-antagonism of the B cell identity factor Pax5 and the plasma cell regulator Blimp1. It has been postulated that repression of Pax5 by Blimp1 is essential for plasma cell development. Here, we challenged this hypothesis by analyzing the IghPax5/+ mouse, which expressed a Pax5 minigene from the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. Despite high Pax5 expression, plasma cells efficiently developed in young IghPax5/+ mice at steady state and upon immunization, while their number moderately declined in older mice. Although Pax5 significantly deregulated the plasma cell expression program, key plasma cell regulators were normally expressed in IghPax5/+ plasma cells. While IgM and IgA secretion by IghPax5/+ plasma cells was normal, IgG secretion was modestly decreased. Hence, Pax5 repression is not essential for robust plasma cell development and antibody secretion, although it is required for optimal IgG production and accumulation of long-lived plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace J Liu
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Wöhner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Hagelkruys A, Wirnsberger G, Stadlmann J, Wöhner M, Horrer M, Vilagos B, Jonsson G, Kogler M, Tortola L, Novatchkova M, Bönelt P, Hoffmann D, Koglgruber R, Steffen U, Schett G, Busslinger M, Bergthaler A, Klein C, Penninger JM. A crucial role for Jagunal homolog 1 in humoral immunity and antibody glycosylation in mice and humans. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20200559. [PMID: 32930709 PMCID: PMC7953624 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Jagunal homolog 1 (JAGN1) has been identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil biology in mutant mice and rare-disease patients carrying JAGN1 mutations. Here, we report that Jagn1 deficiency results in alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of antibody-producing cells as well as decreased antibody production and secretion. Consequently, mice lacking Jagn1 in B cells exhibit reduced serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels at steady state and fail to mount an efficient humoral immune response upon immunization with specific antigens or when challenged with viral infections. We also demonstrate that Jagn1 deficiency in B cells results in aberrant IgG N-glycosylation leading to enhanced Fc receptor binding. Jagn1 deficiency in particular affects fucosylation of IgG subtypes in mice as well as rare-disease patients with loss-of-function mutations in JAGN1. Moreover, we show that ER stress affects antibody glycosylation. Our data uncover a novel and key role for JAGN1 and ER stress in antibody glycosylation and humoral immunity in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Wirnsberger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Apeiron Biologics AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Stadlmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Wöhner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Horrer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bojan Vilagos
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gustav Jonsson
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Kogler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Bönelt
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hoffmann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubina Koglgruber
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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32
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Popa A, Genger JW, Nicholson MD, Penz T, Schmid D, Aberle SW, Agerer B, Lercher A, Endler L, Colaço H, Smyth M, Schuster M, Grau ML, Martínez-Jiménez F, Pich O, Borena W, Pawelka E, Keszei Z, Senekowitsch M, Laine J, Aberle JH, Redlberger-Fritz M, Karolyi M, Zoufaly A, Maritschnik S, Borkovec M, Hufnagl P, Nairz M, Weiss G, Wolfinger MT, von Laer D, Superti-Furga G, Lopez-Bigas N, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Allerberger F, Michor F, Bock C, Bergthaler A. Genomic epidemiology of superspreading events in Austria reveals mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS-CoV-2. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eabe2555. [PMID: 33229462 PMCID: PMC7857414 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Superspreading events shaped the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and their rapid identification and containment are essential for disease control. Here, we provide a national-scale analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) superspreading during the first wave of infections in Austria, a country that played a major role in initial virus transmissions in Europe. Capitalizing on Austria's well-developed epidemiological surveillance system, we identified major SARS-CoV-2 clusters during the first wave of infections and performed deep whole-genome sequencing of more than 500 virus samples. Phylogenetic-epidemiological analysis enabled the reconstruction of superspreading events and charts a map of tourism-related viral spread originating from Austria in spring 2020. Moreover, we exploited epidemiologically well-defined clusters to quantify SARS-CoV-2 mutational dynamics, including the observation of low-frequency mutations that progressed to fixation within the infection chain. Time-resolved virus sequencing unveiled viral mutation dynamics within individuals with COVID-19, and epidemiologically validated infector-infectee pairs enabled us to determine an average transmission bottleneck size of 103 SARS-CoV-2 particles. In conclusion, this study illustrates the power of combining epidemiological analysis with deep viral genome sequencing to unravel the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to gain fundamental insights into mutational dynamics and transmission properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael D Nicholson
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Endler
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrique Colaço
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Smyth
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miguel L Grau
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Pich
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wegene Borena
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erich Pawelka
- Department of Medicine IV, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsofia Keszei
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Senekowitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Laine
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mario Karolyi
- Department of Medicine IV, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine IV, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Borkovec
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hufnagl
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Franz Allerberger
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), 1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Brunner JS, Vogel A, Lercher A, Caldera M, Korosec A, Pühringer M, Hofmann M, Hajto A, Kieler M, Garrido LQ, Kerndl M, Kuttke M, Mesteri I, Górna MW, Kulik M, Dominiak PM, Brandon AE, Estevez E, Egan CL, Gruber F, Schweiger M, Menche J, Bergthaler A, Weichhart T, Klavins K, Febbraio MA, Sharif O, Schabbauer G. The PI3K pathway preserves metabolic health through MARCO-dependent lipid uptake by adipose tissue macrophages. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1427-1442. [PMID: 33199895 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) display tremendous heterogeneity depending on signals in their local microenvironment and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, antagonized by the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), is important for metabolic responses to obesity. We hypothesized that fluctuations in macrophage-intrinsic PI3K activity via PTEN could alter the trajectory of metabolic disease by driving distinct ATM populations. Using mice harbouring macrophage-specific PTEN deletion or bone marrow chimeras carrying additional PTEN copies, we demonstrate that sustained PI3K activity in macrophages preserves metabolic health in obesity by preventing lipotoxicity. Myeloid PI3K signalling promotes a beneficial ATM population characterized by lipid uptake, catabolism and high expression of the scavenger macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Dual MARCO and myeloid PTEN deficiencies prevent the generation of lipid-buffering ATMs, reversing the beneficial actions of elevated myeloid PI3K activity in metabolic disease. Thus, macrophage-intrinsic PI3K signalling boosts metabolic health by driving ATM programmes associated with MARCO-dependent lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Pühringer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Hofmann
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hajto
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Quemada Garrido
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Kerndl
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria W Górna
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kulik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina M Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Insulin Action and Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Casey L Egan
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
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34
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Koblischke M, Traugott MT, Medits I, Spitzer FS, Zoufaly A, Weseslindtner L, Simonitsch C, Seitz T, Hoepler W, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Aberle SW, Födinger M, Bergthaler A, Kundi M, Heinz FX, Stiasny K, Aberle JH. Dynamics of CD4 T Cell and Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients With Different Disease Severity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:592629. [PMID: 33262993 PMCID: PMC7686651 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.592629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from mild illness to severe respiratory disease and death. In this study, we determined the kinetics of viral loads, antibody responses (IgM, IgG, neutralization) and SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells by quantifying these parameters in 435 serial respiratory and blood samples collected from a cohort of 29 COVID-19 patients with either moderate or severe disease during the whole period of hospitalization or until death. Remarkably, there was no significant difference in the kinetics and plateau levels of neutralizing antibodies among the groups with different disease severity. In contrast, the dynamics of specific CD4 T cell responses differed considerably, but all patients with moderate or severe disease developed robust SARS-CoV-2-specific responses. Of note, none of the patients had detectable cross-reactive CD4 T cells in the first week after symptom onset, which have been described in 20–50% of unexposed individuals. Our data thus provide novel insights into the kinetics of antibody and CD4 T cell responses as well as viral loads that are key to understanding the role of adaptive immunity in combating the virus during acute infection and provide leads for the timing of immune therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna T Traugott
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Medits
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Zoufaly
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Cara Simonitsch
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Seitz
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hoepler
- Department of Medicine IV, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Födinger
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria.,Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz X Heinz
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Stiasny
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith H Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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35
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Lercher A, Popa AM, Viczenczova C, Kosack L, Klavins K, Agerer B, Opitz CA, Lanz TV, Platten M, Bergthaler A. Hepatocyte-intrinsic type I interferon signaling reprograms metabolism and reveals a novel compensatory mechanism of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in viral hepatitis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008973. [PMID: 33045014 PMCID: PMC7580883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis and serum metabolite levels. Hepatocytes are the functional units of the liver parenchyma and not only responsible for turnover of biomolecules but also act as central immune signaling platforms. Hepatotropic viruses infect liver tissue, resulting in inflammatory responses, tissue damage and hepatitis. Combining well-established in vitro and in vivo model systems with transcriptomic analyses, we show that type I interferon signaling initiates a robust antiviral immune response in hepatocytes. Strikingly, we also identify IFN-I as both, sufficient and necessary, to induce wide-spread metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes. IFN-I specifically rewired tryptophan metabolism and induced hepatic tryptophan oxidation to kynurenine via Tdo2, correlating with altered concentrations of serum metabolites upon viral infection. Infected Tdo2-deficient animals displayed elevated serum levels of tryptophan and, unexpectedly, also vast increases in the downstream immune-suppressive metabolite kynurenine. Thus, Tdo2-deficiency did not result in altered serum homeostasis of the tryptophan to kynurenine ratio during infection, which seemed to be independent of hepatocyte-intrinsic compensation via the IDO-axis. These data highlight that inflammation-induced reprogramming of systemic tryptophan metabolism is tightly regulated in viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is responsible for more than one million annual deaths worldwide and may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main metabolic cell type of the liver is the hepatocyte. In viral hepatitis, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling rewires hepatocyte metabolism and serum metabolites to shape disease pathophysiology – an immune-regulatory circuit that might be therapeutically exploited. Here, we show that hepatocyte-intrinsic antiviral IFN-I signaling is both necessary and sufficient to induce wide-spread metabolic changes in hepatocytes. We identify a IFN-I-mediated induction of the hepatic kynurenine pathway via the rate-limiting and liver-specific enzyme TDO2, which controls serum homeostasis of tryptophan by converting it into kynurenine. Loss of TDO2 triggers a so far unknown compensatory mechanism, resulting in a vast increase of circulating kynurenine independent of hepatocyte intrinsic activity of the related IDO-enzymes. This study provides new insights into how inflammation reprograms metabolism of the liver and the kynurenine pathway during viral hepatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/metabolism
- Female
- Hepatitis Viruses/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/physiology
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
| | - Alexandra M. Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
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36
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Hasan Ali O, Bomze D, Risch L, Brugger SD, Paprotny M, Weber M, Thiel S, Kern L, Albrich WC, Kohler P, Kahlert CR, Vernazza P, Bühler PK, Schüpbach RA, Gómez-Mejia A, Popa AM, Bergthaler A, Penninger JM, Flatz L. Severe COVID-19 is associated with elevated serum IgA and antiphospholipid IgA-antibodies. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e2869-e2874. [PMID: 32997739 PMCID: PMC7543315 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently entails complications that bear similarities to autoimmune diseases. To date, there is little data on possible IgA-mediated autoimmune responses. Here, we aim to determine whether COVID-19 is associated with a vigorous total IgA response and if IgA antibodies are associated with complications of severe illness. Since thrombotic events are frequent in severe COVID-19 and resemble hypercoagulation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), our approach focused on antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Methods In this retrospective cohort study clinical data and aPL from 64 patients with COVID-19 were compared from three independent tertiary hospitals (one in Liechtenstein, two in Switzerland). Samples were collected from April 9 th to May 1 st, 2020. Results Clinical records of 64 patients with COVID-19 were reviewed and divided into a cohort with mild illness (mCOVID) (41%), a discovery cohort with severe illness (sdCOVID) (22%) and a confirmation cohort with severe illness (scCOVID) (38%). Total IgA, IgG and aPL were measured with clinical diagnostic kits. Severe illness was significantly associated with increased total IgA (sdCOVID, P=0.01; scCOVID, p-value<0.001), but not total IgG. Among aPL, both cohorts with severe illness significantly correlated with elevated anti-Cardiolipin IgA (sdCOVID and scCOVID, p-value<0.001), anti-Cardiolipin IgM (sdCOVID, P=0.003; scCOVID, P<0.001), and anti-Beta2 Glycoprotein-1 IgA (sdCOVID and scCOVID, P<0.001). Systemic lupus erythematosus was excluded from all patients as a potential confounder. Conclusions Higher total IgA and IgA-aPL were consistently associated with severe illness. These novel data strongly suggest that a vigorous antiviral IgA-response, possibly triggered in the bronchial mucosa, induces systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hasan Ali
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Bomze
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.,Center of Laboratory Medicine, University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Paprotny
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Myriam Weber
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Sarah Thiel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Landesspital Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein
| | - Lukas Kern
- Department of Pulmonology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kohler
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp K Bühler
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A Schüpbach
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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37
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Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the field of immunometabolism made great strides to unveil the crucial role of intracellular metabolism in regulating immune cell function. Emerging insights into how systemic inflammation and metabolism influence each other provide a critical additional dimension on the organismal level. Here, we discuss the concept of systemic immunometabolism and review the current understanding of the communication circuits that underlie the reciprocal impact of systemic inflammation and metabolism across organs in inflammatory and infectious diseases, as well as how these mechanisms apply to homeostasis. We present current challenges of systemic immunometabolic research, and in this context, highlight opportunities and put forward ideas to effectively explore organismal physiological complexity in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Kreidl P, Schmid D, Maritschnik S, Richter L, Borena W, Genger JW, Popa A, Penz T, Bock C, Bergthaler A, Allerberger F. Emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:645-652. [PMID: 32816114 PMCID: PMC7439636 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This is a report on the first identified cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Austria. The first documented case was a person who stayed in Kühtai, Tyrol, from 24 to 26 January 2020, and had been infected by a Chinese instructor in Starnberg (Germany) between 20 and 22 January. This counts as a German case since her diagnosis was eventually made in Munich (Germany) on 28 January. On 25 February, two cases imported from Italy were diagnosed in Innsbruck but again no secondary cases were identified in Austria. The first three infections of Austrian inhabitants were detected on 27 February in Vienna. The two resulting clusters finally included 6 (source of initial infection unknown) and 61 cases. Most likely, Italy was the source of the latter cluster. On 12 March the first fatal case of COVID-19 in Austria was reported, a 69-year-old Viennese who died in a Vienna hospital after returning from a cruise ship tour in Italy. On 6 March three autochthonously acquired cases were reported in the Tyrol, all related to the ski resort Ischgl. Of the first 14 Islandic COVID-19 cases infected in Ischgl, 11 had already returned to Iceland on 29 February. We consider that the incriminated barkeeper, who tested PCR positive on 7 March, was neither the primary case nor a superspreader. In our opinion, undetected transmission of SARS-CoV‑2 had been ongoing in Ischgl prior to the first laboratory confirmed cases. Our data also underline that the introduction of SARS-CoV‑2 into Austria was not one single event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kreidl
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria.,Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schmid
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Maritschnik
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Richter
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wegene Borena
- Institut für Virologie, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (AGES), Spargelfeldstr. 191, 1220, Vienna, Austria. .,Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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39
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Orlova A, Kosack L, Popa AM, Viczenczova C, Lercher A, de Araujo ED, Gunning P, Moriggl R, Bergthaler A. Abstract 5636: Restoration of tumor immunosurveillance in tasmanian devil facial tumor disease. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Transmissible cancer is a rare, but mechanistically not understood form of cancer that can directly spread between individuals. At least six species in the animal kingdom harbor clonal cancers that spread horizontally. These diseases include the fatal devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) in Tasmanian devils, a sexually transmitted sarcoma in dogs, and leukemia-like cancers in mollusks. DFTD is an allogeneic graft of Schwann cell origin, which is transmitted by direct transfer of cancer cells from one individual to another as a result of biting behavior. Two strains of DFTD, DFT1 and DFT2, emerged independently in the population of Tasmanian devils. It is essential to gain mechanistic understanding of horizontal cancers to understand how cancer cells escape host immune cells. We designed an integrative systems biology approach using primary biopsies, established Tasmanian devil tumor and control cell lines and mouse xenograft model. Specifically, we combined pharmacological drug screening, transcriptomics, epigenetics, proteomics and comparative pathology to unveil aberrant signaling pathways in DFTD. We found that DFT1 tumor cells express high levels of phosphorylated ERBB2 and ERBB3 tyrosine kinase receptor and they are exquisitely vulnerable to ERBB kinase inhibitors. Blockade of the hyperactive ERBB-STAT3 axis with ERBB inhibitor sapitinib or with the STAT3 inhibitor DR-1-55 led to recovery of MHC-I expression, suggesting that immune escape could be antagonized by blockade of hyperactive ERBB-STAT3 action. In contrary to DFT1, progression of DFT2 is known to be associated with PDGF receptor amplification. This proposed an attractive pharmacological approach of targeted inhibition of PDGFR by broad kinase inhibitor imatinib. We validated in xenograft mouse model that targeted inhibition of PDGFR results in the efficient reduction of tumor growth as well as restoration of MHC-I gene expression. In summary, we identified a critical role for hyperactive tyrosine kinase-STAT signaling whose pharmacological inhibition resulted in arrested growth and possible restoration of immune cell recognition. We validated that DFT2 displays a distinct oncogene mechanism than DFT1, but pharmacologic inhibition of hyperactive driver kinase pathway leads to similar restoration of MHC-I expression. This link between the hyperactive pathway and MHC-I-mediated tumor immunosurveillance in both DFTD strains provides mechanistic insights into horizontal transmissibility and suggests a strategy to save Tasmanian devils from extinction.
Citation Format: Anna Orlova, Lindsay Kosack, Alexandra M. Popa, Csilla Viczenczova, Alexander Lercher, Elvin D. de Araujo, Patrick Gunning, Richard Moriggl, Andreas Bergthaler. Restoration of tumor immunosurveillance in tasmanian devil facial tumor disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- 1University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- 2CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M. Popa
- 2CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- 2CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- 2CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patrick Gunning
- 3University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andreas Bergthaler
- 2CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Krausgruber T, Fortelny N, Fife-Gernedl V, Senekowitsch M, Schuster LC, Lercher A, Nemc A, Schmidl C, Rendeiro AF, Bergthaler A, Bock C. Structural cells are key regulators of organ-specific immune responses. Nature 2020; 583:296-302. [PMID: 32612232 PMCID: PMC7610345 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian immune system implements a remarkably effective set of mechanisms for fighting pathogens1. Its main components are haematopoietic immune cells, including myeloid cells that control innate immunity, and lymphoid cells that constitute adaptive immunity2. However, immune functions are not unique to haematopoietic cells, and many other cell types display basic mechanisms of pathogen defence3-5. To advance our understanding of immunology outside the haematopoietic system, here we systematically investigate the regulation of immune genes in the three major types of structural cells: epithelium, endothelium and fibroblasts. We characterize these cell types across twelve organs in mice, using cellular phenotyping, transcriptome sequencing, chromatin accessibility profiling and epigenome mapping. This comprehensive dataset revealed complex immune gene activity and regulation in structural cells. The observed patterns were highly organ-specific and seem to modulate the extensive interactions between structural cells and haematopoietic immune cells. Moreover, we identified an epigenetically encoded immune potential in structural cells under tissue homeostasis, which was triggered in response to systemic viral infection. This study highlights the prevalence and organ-specific complexity of immune gene activity in non-haematopoietic structural cells, and it provides a high-resolution, multi-omics atlas of the epigenetic and transcriptional networks that regulate structural cells in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Fife-Gernedl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Senekowitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda C Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amelie Nemc
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schmidl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - André F Rendeiro
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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41
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Brunner JS, Vulliard L, Hofmann M, Kieler M, Lercher A, Vogel A, Russier M, Brüggenthies JB, Kerndl M, Saferding V, Niederreiter B, Junza A, Frauenstein A, Scholtysek C, Mikami Y, Klavins K, Krönke G, Bergthaler A, O'Shea JJ, Weichhart T, Meissner F, Smolen JS, Cheng P, Yanes O, Menche J, Murray PJ, Sharif O, Blüml S, Schabbauer G. Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:431. [PMID: 31969567 PMCID: PMC6976629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are implicated in many diseases including schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis and arthritis. MGC generation is energy intensive to enforce membrane fusion and cytoplasmic expansion. Using receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) induced osteoclastogenesis to model MGC formation, here we report RANKL cellular programming requires extracellular arginine. Systemic arginine restriction improves outcome in multiple murine arthritis models and its removal induces preosteoclast metabolic quiescence, associated with impaired tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function and metabolite induction. Effects of arginine deprivation on osteoclastogenesis are independent of mTORC1 activity or global transcriptional and translational inhibition. Arginine scarcity also dampens generation of IL-4 induced MGCs. Strikingly, in extracellular arginine absence, both cell types display flexibility as their formation can be restored with select arginine precursors. These data establish how environmental amino acids control the metabolic fate of polykaryons and suggest metabolic ways to manipulate MGC-associated pathologies and bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Loan Vulliard
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Hofmann
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Russier
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Martina Kerndl
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Saferding
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Junza
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio Cancer Treatment International Ltd., 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oscar Yanes
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Lercher A, Bhattacharya A, Popa AM, Caldera M, Schlapansky MF, Baazim H, Agerer B, Gürtl B, Kosack L, Májek P, Brunner JS, Vitko D, Pinter T, Genger JW, Orlova A, Pikor N, Reil D, Ozsvár-Kozma M, Kalinke U, Ludewig B, Moriggl R, Bennett KL, Menche J, Cheng PN, Schabbauer G, Trauner M, Klavins K, Bergthaler A. Type I Interferon Signaling Disrupts the Hepatic Urea Cycle and Alters Systemic Metabolism to Suppress T Cell Function. Immunity 2019; 51:1074-1087.e9. [PMID: 31784108 PMCID: PMC6926485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Infections induce complex host responses linked to antiviral defense, inflammation, and tissue damage and repair. We hypothesized that the liver, as a central metabolic hub, may orchestrate systemic metabolic changes during infection. We infected mice with chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), performed RNA sequencing and proteomics of liver tissue, and integrated these data with serum metabolomics at different infection phases. Widespread reprogramming of liver metabolism occurred early after infection, correlating with type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Viral infection induced metabolic alterations of the liver that depended on the interferon alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR1). Hepatocyte-intrinsic IFNAR1 repressed the transcription of metabolic genes, including Otc and Ass1, which encode urea cycle enzymes. This led to decreased arginine and increased ornithine concentrations in the circulation, resulting in suppressed virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses and ameliorated liver pathology. These findings establish IFN-I-induced modulation of hepatic metabolism and the urea cycle as an endogenous mechanism of immunoregulation. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra M Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moritz F Schlapansky
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Gürtl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia S Brunner
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dijana Vitko
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theresa Pinter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Pikor
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Reil
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvár-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul N Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Thrombosis Research and Vascular Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine or the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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43
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Katholnig K, Schütz B, Fritsch SD, Schörghofer D, Linke M, Sukhbaatar N, Matschinger JM, Unterleuthner D, Hirtl M, Lang M, Herac M, Spittler A, Bergthaler A, Schabbauer G, Bergmann M, Dolznig H, Hengstschläger M, Magnuson MA, Mikula M, Weichhart T. Inactivation of mTORC2 in macrophages is a signature of colorectal cancer that promotes tumorigenesis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124164. [PMID: 31619583 PMCID: PMC6824305 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a potentially novel and promising anticancer target due to its critical roles in proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. However, the activity and function of mTORC2 in distinct cells within malignant tissue in vivo is insufficiently explored. Surprisingly, in primary human and mouse colorectal cancer (CRC) samples, mTORC2 signaling could not be detected in tumor cells. In contrast, only macrophages in tumor-adjacent areas showed mTORC2 activity, which was downregulated in stromal macrophages residing within human and mouse tumor tissues. Functionally, inhibition of mTORC2 by specific deletion of Rictor in macrophages stimulated tumorigenesis in a colitis-associated CRC mouse model. This phenotype was driven by a proinflammatory reprogramming of mTORC2-deficient macrophages that promoted colitis via the cytokine SPP1/osteopontin to stimulate tumor growth. In human CRC patients, high SPP1 levels and low mTORC2 activity in tumor-associated macrophages correlated with a worsened clinical prognosis. Treatment of mice with a second-generation mTOR inhibitor that inhibits mTORC2 and mTORC1 exacerbated experimental colorectal tumorigenesis in vivo. In conclusion, mTORC2 activity is confined to macrophages in CRC and limits tumorigenesis. These results suggest activation but not inhibition of mTORC2 as a therapeutic strategy for colitis-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Katholnig
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Birgit Schütz
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | - David Schörghofer
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Monika Linke
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | | | | | - Martin Hirtl
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | | | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry & Surgical Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, and
| | - Michael Bergmann
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Dolznig
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics
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44
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Rao S, Mondragón L, Pranjic B, Hanada T, Stoll G, Köcher T, Zhang P, Jais A, Lercher A, Bergthaler A, Schramek D, Haigh K, Sica V, Leduc M, Modjtahedi N, Pai TP, Onji M, Uribesalgo I, Hanada R, Kozieradzki I, Koglgruber R, Cronin SJ, She Z, Quehenberger F, Popper H, Kenner L, Haigh JJ, Kepp O, Rak M, Cai K, Kroemer G, Penninger JM. AIF-regulated oxidative phosphorylation supports lung cancer development. Cell Res 2019; 29:579-591. [PMID: 31133695 PMCID: PMC6796841 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-019-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major and still increasing cause of death in humans. Most cancer cells have a fundamentally different metabolic profile from that of normal tissue. This shift away from mitochondrial ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation towards a high rate of glycolysis, termed Warburg effect, has long been recognized as a paradigmatic hallmark of cancer, supporting the increased biosynthetic demands of tumor cells. Here we show that deletion of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in a KrasG12D-driven mouse lung cancer model resulted in a marked survival advantage, with delayed tumor onset and decreased malignant progression. Mechanistically, Aif deletion leads to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency and a switch in cellular metabolism towards glycolysis in non-transformed pneumocytes and at early stages of tumor development. Paradoxically, although Aif-deficient cells exhibited a metabolic Warburg profile, this bioenergetic change resulted in a growth disadvantage of KrasG12D-driven as well as Kras wild-type lung cancer cells. Cell-autonomous re-expression of both wild-type and mutant AIF (displaying an intact mitochondrial, but abrogated apoptotic function) in Aif-knockout KrasG12D mice restored OXPHOS and reduced animal survival to the same level as AIF wild-type mice. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, high AIF expression was associated with poor prognosis. These data show that AIF-regulated mitochondrial respiration and OXPHOS drive the progression of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuan Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Mondragón
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Blanka Pranjic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gautier Stoll
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Sorbonne, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peng Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Lercher
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Vascular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Valentina Sica
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marion Leduc
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Nazanine Modjtahedi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM, U1030, Villejuif, France
| | - Tsung-Pin Pai
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masahiro Onji
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Uribesalgo
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiko Hanada
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rubina Koglgruber
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shane J Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhigang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Franz Quehenberger
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Popper
- Center for Diagnostics and Research in Molecular Biomedicine, Pathology Institute for Diagnostics and Research, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Pathology of Laboratory Animals, Medical University Vienna and University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Vascular Cell Biology Unit, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- INSERM, UMR1141, Hopital Robert Debre 48 Boulevard Serurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Kaican Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.
- INSERM, U1138, 75006, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805, Villejuif, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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45
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Goncalves-Alves E, Saferding V, Schliehe C, Benson R, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Brunner JS, Puchner A, Podesser BK, Smolen JS, Redlich K, Bonelli M, Brewer J, Bergthaler A, Steiner G, Blüml S. MicroRNA-155 Controls T Helper Cell Activation During Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1367. [PMID: 31275315 PMCID: PMC6593301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR) 155 has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity as well as autoimmune processes. Importantly, it has been shown to regulate several antiviral responses, but its contribution to the immune response against cytopathic viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections is not known. Using transgenic/recombinant VSV expressing ovalbumin, we show that miR-155 is crucially involved in regulating the T helper cell response against this virus. Our experiments indicate that miR-155 in CD4+ T cells controls their activation, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and in vivo upon immunization with OVA as well as during VSV viral infection. Using intravital multiphoton microscopy we analyzed the interaction of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells after OVA immunization and found impaired complex formation when using miR-155 deficient CD4+ T cells compared to wildtype CD4+ T cells ex vivo. In contrast, miR-155 was dispensable for the maturation of myeloid APCs and for their T cell stimulatory capacity. Our data provide the first evidence that miR-155 is required for efficient CD4+ T cell activation during anti-viral defense by allowing robust APC-T cell interaction required for activation and cytokine production of virus specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Saferding
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- CeMM - Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Benson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonia Puchner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K Podesser
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Redlich
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Brewer
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM - Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Steiner
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Flatz L, Cupovic J, Schmidt S, Onder L, Abdou MT, Fritsche AK, Bonilla W, Pop OT, Tüting T, Bergthaler A, Orlinger K, Bald T, Ludewig B, Ring S. Systematic assessment of LCMV based vaccine vectors expressing melanocyte differentiation antigens in human in vitro assays and in mouse melanoma models. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14299 Background: Antibodies blocking the immune checkpoint pathways represent an important milestone in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, individuals presenting cold tumors do usually not show a clinical benefit. New cancer vaccine approaches are needed to cover this gap. Methods: A novel replication attenuated vaccine vector based on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus expressing full length melanocyte differentiation antigens is evaluated in mouse melanoma models and in PBMCs and T cell cultures from melanoma patients. Results: Here, we demonstrate that intratumoral but not intravenous injection of a recombinant propagating LCMV vector expressing the melanoma-associated antigen TRP2 leads to T cell-dependent eradication of established s.c. melanoma. Importantly, intratumoral vaccination shows an abscopal effect on distant lung metastasis and protects from a rechallenge with melanoma. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry reveal that intratumoral injection of rLCMV vectors reprograms the tumor microenvironment resulting in sustained T cell fitness. In addition, we demonstrate that rLCMV vectors can efficiently transduce human antigen presenting cells. Moreover, in vitro data confirm that rLCMV efficiently induces T cells against various melanoma-associated antigens in PBMCs from melanoma patients. Conclusions: Preclinical assessment of propagating rLCMV vectors shows unique features of this cancer vaccine resulting in a profound and multistep activation of the cancer immunity cycle resulting in eradication of established melanomas in the B16F10 mouse model after one single immunization. Positive proof of principle experiments using PBMCs from melanoma patients suggest a rapid evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Flatz
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Lucas Onder
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sandra Ring
- Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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47
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Flatz L, Ring S, Bomze D, Onder L, Cupovic J, Schmidt S, Orlinger K, Besse A, Besse L, Driessen C, Cheng HW, Lercher A, Speiser D, Bald T, Bergthaler A, Ludewig B. Abstract A070: Virotherapy eradicates established melanoma by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and engaging the adaptive immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.cricimteatiaacr18-a070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients. However, the lack of tumor specific T-cells and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remain the major obstacles in curing treatment-resistant tumors. Here, we show that a novel, propagating noncytopathic virotherapy expressing the tumor-associated antigen TRP2 can eradicate established tumors. Interestingly, this was dependent on the route of treatment. Systemic administration of gene-based virotherapy induced a high number of tumor-infiltrating TRP2 specific CD8+ T-cells but was not able to cure established tumors. Moreover, localized tumor therapy in the periphery cured also distant metastasis in the lung, indicating that the locally induced immune response generates a systemic antitumor effect. Localized virotherapy predominantly infects tumor cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts, resulting in a proinflammatory reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Our data reveal that this immune activation is dependent on type I IFN signaling on the host but not on the tumor cell. These results have important clinical implications: i) our data explain why T-cell transfer or T-cell vaccines alone do not cure established tumors; ii) intratumoral gene-based cancer vaccination is superior to systemic treatment; and iii) a successful local antitumor response is associated with an efficient systemic antitumor response. Directly cancer targeting noncytopathic gene-based vaccines may be a promising approach by simultaneously supercharging the suppressive tumor microenvironment and inducing an adaptive immune response against selected tumor antigens.
Citation Format: Lukas Flatz, Sandra Ring, David Bomze, Lucas Onder, Jovana Cupovic, Sarah Schmidt, Klaus Orlinger, Andrej Besse, Lenka Besse, Christoph Driessen, Hung-Wei Cheng, Alexander Lercher, Daniel Speiser, Tobias Bald, Andreas Bergthaler, Burkhard Ludewig. Virotherapy eradicates established melanoma by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment and engaging the adaptive immunity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Flatz
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sandra Ring
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Bomze
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucas Onder
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah Schmidt
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Klaus Orlinger
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrej Besse
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lenka Besse
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph Driessen
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Lercher
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Speiser
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- University of Zurich, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Immunobiology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; Hookipa Pharma Inc., Vienna, Austria; Institute of Experimental Oncology, St.Gallen, Switzerland; CeMM, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland; QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
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48
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Kosack L, Wingelhofer B, Popa A, Orlova A, Agerer B, Vilagos B, Majek P, Parapatics K, Lercher A, Ringler A, Klughammer J, Smyth M, Khamina K, Baazim H, de Araujo ED, Rosa DA, Park J, Tin G, Ahmar S, Gunning PT, Bock C, Siddle HV, Woods GM, Kubicek S, Murchison EP, Bennett KL, Moriggl R, Bergthaler A. The ERBB-STAT3 Axis Drives Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:125-139.e9. [PMID: 30645971 PMCID: PMC6335503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The marsupial Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) faces extinction due to transmissible devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). To unveil the molecular underpinnings of this transmissible cancer, we combined pharmacological screens with an integrated systems-biology characterization. Sensitivity to inhibitors of ERBB tyrosine kinases correlated with their overexpression. Proteomic and DNA methylation analyses revealed tumor-specific signatures linked to the evolutionary conserved oncogenic STAT3. ERBB inhibition blocked phosphorylation of STAT3 and arrested cancer cells. Pharmacological blockade of ERBB or STAT3 prevented tumor growth in xenograft models and restored MHC class I expression. This link between the hyperactive ERBB-STAT3 axis and major histocompatibility complex class I-mediated tumor immunosurveillance provides mechanistic insights into horizontal transmissibility and puts forward a dual chemo-immunotherapeutic strategy to save Tasmanian devils from DFTD. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bojan Vilagos
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Majek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Ringler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Smyth
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David A Rosa
- University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Jisung Park
- University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Gary Tin
- University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Siawash Ahmar
- University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | | | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hannah V Siddle
- Department of Biological Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gregory M Woods
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Benke S, Agerer B, Haas L, Stöger M, Lercher A, Gabler L, Kiss I, Scinicariello S, Berger W, Bergthaler A, Obenauf AC, Versteeg GA. Human tripartite motif protein 52 is required for cell context-dependent proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13565-13581. [PMID: 29568378 PMCID: PMC5862599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been shown to play important roles in cancer development and progression by modulating cell proliferation or resistance from cell death during non-homeostatic stress conditions found in tumor micro-environments. In this study, we set out to investigate the importance for cellular fitness of the virtually uncharacterized family member TRIM52. The human TRIM52 gene has arisen recently in evolution, making it unlikely that TRIM52 is required for basic cellular functions in normal cells. However, a recent genome-wide ablation screening study has suggested that TRIM52 may be essential for optimal proliferation or survival in certain genetic cancer backgrounds. Identifying genes which fit this concept of genetic context-dependent fitness in cancer cells is of interest as they are promising targets for tumor-specific therapy. We report here that TRIM52 ablation significantly diminished the proliferation of specific glioblastoma cell lines in cell culture and mouse xenografts by compromising their cell cycle progression in a p53-dependent manner. Together, our findings point to a non-redundant TRIM52 function that is required for optimal proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Benke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Martin Stöger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lisa Gabler
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Izabella Kiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Sara Scinicariello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anna C Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Gijs A Versteeg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna 1030, Austria
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50
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Khamina K, Lercher A, Caldera M, Schliehe C, Vilagos B, Sahin M, Kosack L, Bhattacharya A, Májek P, Stukalov A, Sacco R, James LC, Pinschewer DD, Bennett KL, Menche J, Bergthaler A. Characterization of host proteins interacting with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus L protein. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006758. [PMID: 29261807 PMCID: PMC5738113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) play a key role in the life cycle of RNA viruses and impact their immunobiology. The arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain Clone 13 provides a benchmark model for studying chronic infection. A major genetic determinant for its ability to persist maps to a single amino acid exchange in the viral L protein, which exhibits RdRp activity, yet its functional consequences remain elusive. To unravel the L protein interactions with the host proteome, we engineered infectious L protein-tagged LCMV virions by reverse genetics. A subsequent mass-spectrometric analysis of L protein pulldowns from infected human cells revealed a comprehensive network of interacting host proteins. The obtained LCMV L protein interactome was bioinformatically integrated with known host protein interactors of RdRps from other RNA viruses, emphasizing interconnected modules of human proteins. Functional characterization of selected interactors highlighted proviral (DDX3X) as well as antiviral (NKRF, TRIM21) host factors. To corroborate these findings, we infected Trim21-/- mice with LCMV and found impaired virus control in chronic infection. These results provide insights into the complex interactions of the arenavirus LCMV and other viral RdRps with the host proteome and contribute to a better molecular understanding of how chronic viruses interact with their host. RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases (RdRps) play a key role in the life cycle of RNA viruses. They interact with cellular proteins during replication and transcription processes and impact the immunobiology of viral infections. This study characterized the host protein interactome of the RdRp-containing L protein of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Several L protein interactors with proviral and antiviral effects were identified in vitro, and mice lacking the identified L protein interactor TRIM21 exhibited impaired control of chronic LCMV infection. Integration of the L protein interactomes with known RdRp interactomes from other RNA viruses highlighted common and virus-specific strategies to interact with the host proteome, which may indicate novel avenues for antiviral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bojan Vilagos
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehmet Sahin
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine–Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Sacco
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leo C. James
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- University of Basel, Department of Biomedicine–Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keiryn L. Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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