1
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Nie J, Bohrer A, Chopp L, Chen T, Balmaceno-Criss M, Ciucci T, Xiao Q, Kelly M, McGavern D, Belkaid Y, Bosselut R. The transcription factor LRF promotes Integrin β7 expression by and gut homing of CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocyte precursors. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.171.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TCRαβ+ CD8α+ CD8β− intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8αα IEL) differentiate from thymic IEL precursors (IELp) and contribute to gut homeostasis. However, their development remains poorly understood. Here we show that the zinc finger transcription factor LRF, encoded by Zbtb7a, is highly expressed in both CD8αα+ IELs and in IELp and serves in a cell-intrinsic manner to promote IEL differentiation. Mice genetically deficient for LRF (Cd4-Cre Zbtb7afl/fl) lack CD8αα+ IELs, contrasting with largely conserved numbers of conventional CD8αβ+ T cells in the thymus and the secondary lymphoid organs. Unlike their wild-type counterparts, LRF-deficient IELp failed to prevent colitis caused by adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells in T cell-deficient mice. LRF disruption affects neither the development of thymic IELp, nor their in vitro expansion or differentiation in response to IL-15. However, Cd4-Cre Zbtb7afl/fl mice accumulate CD8αα+ T cells in the spleen, unlike wild-type controls, suggesting impaired migration of IELp to the gut. Single-cell RNA sequencing found LRF necessary for the expression of genes characteristic of the most mature IELp, including Itgb7, encoding the β7 subunit of α4β7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene regulatory network analyses both defined Itgb7 as an LRF target. Our study identifies LRF as an essential transcriptional regulator of IELp maturation in the thymus and subsequent migration to the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nie
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
| | - Andrea Bohrer
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
- 2NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS
| | - Laura Chopp
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
- 3University of Pennsylvania Medical School
| | - Ting Chen
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
| | | | - Thomas Ciucci
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
- 4Univ. of Rochester Med. Ctr
| | - Qi Xiao
- 1Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH
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2
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Stamos DB, Clubb LM, Mitra A, Chopp LB, Nie J, Ding Y, Das A, Venkataganesh H, Lee J, El-Khoury D, Li L, Bhandoola A, Bosselut R, Love PE. The histone demethylase Lsd1 regulates multiple repressive gene programs during T cell development. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202012. [PMID: 34726730 PMCID: PMC8570297 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptional profiles of developing thymocytes has shown that T lineage commitment is associated with loss of stem cell and early progenitor gene signatures and the acquisition of T cell gene signatures. Less well understood are the epigenetic alterations that accompany or enable these transcriptional changes. Here, we show that the histone demethylase Lsd1 (Kdm1a) performs a key role in extinguishing stem/progenitor transcriptional programs in addition to key repressive gene programs during thymocyte maturation. Deletion of Lsd1 caused a block in late T cell development and resulted in overexpression of interferon response genes as well as genes regulated by the Gfi1, Bcl6, and, most prominently, Bcl11b transcriptional repressors in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Transcriptional overexpression in Lsd1-deficient thymocytes was not always associated with increased H3K4 trimethylation at gene promoters, indicating that Lsd1 indirectly affects the expression of many genes. Together, these results identify a critical function for Lsd1 in the epigenetic regulation of multiple repressive gene signatures during T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Stamos
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lauren M. Clubb
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programing Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura B. Chopp
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jia Nie
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jan Lee
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dalal El-Khoury
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - LiQi Li
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Paul E. Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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3
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Gülich AF, Rica R, Tizian C, Viczenczova C, Khamina K, Faux T, Hainberger D, Penz T, Bosselut R, Bock C, Laiho A, Elo LL, Bergthaler A, Ellmeier W, Sakaguchi S. Complex Interplay Between MAZR and Runx3 Regulates the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:535039. [PMID: 33815354 PMCID: PMC8010151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.535039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The BTB zinc finger transcription factor MAZR (also known as PATZ1) controls, partially in synergy with the transcription factor Runx3, the development of CD8 lineage T cells. Here we explored the role of MAZR as well as combined activities of MAZR/Runx3 during cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. In contrast to the essential role of Runx3 for CTL effector function, the deletion of MAZR had a mild effect on the generation of CTLs in vitro. However, a transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the combined deletion of MAZR and Runx3 resulted in much more widespread downregulation of CTL signature genes compared to single Runx3 deletion, indicating that MAZR partially compensates for loss of Runx3 in CTLs. Moreover, in line with the findings made in vitro, the analysis of CTL responses to LCMV infection revealed that MAZR and Runx3 cooperatively regulate the expression of CD8α, Granzyme B and perforin in vivo. Interestingly, while memory T cell differentiation is severely impaired in Runx3-deficient mice, the deletion of MAZR leads to an enlargement of the long-lived memory subset and also partially restored the differentiation defect caused by loss of Runx3. This indicates distinct functions of MAZR and Runx3 in the generation of memory T cell subsets, which is in contrast to their cooperative roles in CTLs. Together, our study demonstrates complex interplay between MAZR and Runx3 during CTL and memory T cell differentiation, and provides further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of CTL and memory T cell pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Franziska Gülich
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ramona Rica
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Faux
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniela Hainberger
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Wang J, Wu X, Bosselut R, Zhou L, Mi QS. Aberrant generation and function of natural killer T (NKT) cell in absence of Utx and Jmjd3. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.60.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27Me3) demethylases Jmjd3 and Utx, the epigenetic regulators, affects transcription and cell differentiation. But their specific roles in invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells development, maturation and function remain to be explored. Using T cell-specific Utx and Jmjd3 double knock out (DKO) mouse model, we identified that Utx and Jmjd3 deletion results in profound impairment in NKT numbers and maturation of both thymic and peripheral immune organs. DKO thymus NKT cells showed dramatic blockade of maturation at stage 0 and stage 1. Defective expression of Slamf1 (CD150) in DKO CD69+DP thymocytes was identified, suggesting an interrupted DP selecting process. Additionally, we found the impaired expression of PLZF, Tbet, ICOS in DKO NKT cells, which is consistent with the defective NKT sublineage development in those mice. Furthermore, DKO iNKT cells showed significantly defective IFN-r, IL-4 and IL-17 production upon activation. Bone marrow chimera experiment confirmed the major defects of NKT cell development, maturation and function in DKO mice are cell autonomous. Altogether, our present study demonstrates critical contribution of Utx and Jmjd3 in NKT cell development, lineage differentiation and function. Utx and Jmjd3 related epigenetic landscape and gene expression network involved in NKT cell development and function regulation are currently under investigation.
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5
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Yuan W, Wen X, Li M, Xiong R, Bosselut R, Rao P. Transcriptional regulation in the development of CD8ab+ iNKT cells in a humanized mouse model. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.46.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are innate-like T cells showing potent anti-tumor function in conventional mouse models. In sharp contrast, iNKT cell ligands have had limited efficacy in human anti-tumor clinics, mostly due to the profound differences in the properties and compositions of iNKT cells between human and mice, in particular, the presence of CD8+ iNKT cells only in humans. To build more relevant in vivo models for studying human iNKT cells, we first developed a CD1d-humanized mouse model (hCD1d-KI) with human CD1d knocked in (Proc. Natl. Acad. Aci. USA 110: 2963–8, 2013). To further humanize the mouse model, we introduced human invariant TCRa chain (Va24Ja18) into the hCD1d-KI mice. Interestingly, we observed a substantial subset of iNKT cells expressing CD8ab in the new humanized mouse model (J. Immunol. 195:1459–69, 2015). The CD8ab+ iNKT cells show a strong Th1-biased cytokine response and potent cytotoxicity upon activation. The low binding of iNKT TCRs to human CD1d/lipid complex and high prevalence of Vb7 TCRb among these CD8+ iNKT cells strongly suggested a novel low avidity-based developmental program for the ontogeny of these iNKT cells which includes the suppression of the transcriptional factor, Th-POK. This suppression of Th-POK is essential for the development of CD8ab+ iNKT cells as these iNKT cells can not be detected upon forced expression of Th-POK early in T cell development. Our establishment of the new mouse model extensively humanized in CD1d/iNKT TCR system will greatly facilitate the investigation of in vivo functional properties of human iNKT cells as well as future design and optimization of iNKT cell ligands for diverse immunotherapies.
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6
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Zhang S, Zhu I, Deng T, Furusawa T, Rochman M, Vacchio MS, Bosselut R, Yamane A, Casellas R, Landsman D, Bustin M. HMGN proteins modulate chromatin regulatory sites and gene expression during activation of naïve B cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:7144-58. [PMID: 27112571 PMCID: PMC5009722 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of naïve B lymphocyte involves rapid and major changes in chromatin organization and gene expression; however, the complete repertoire of nuclear factors affecting these genomic changes is not known. We report that HMGN proteins, which bind to nucleosomes and affect chromatin structure and function, co-localize with, and maintain the intensity of DNase I hypersensitive sites genome wide, in resting but not in activated B cells. Transcription analyses of resting and activated B cells from wild-type and Hmgn−/− mice, show that loss of HMGNs dampens the magnitude of the transcriptional response and alters the pattern of gene expression during the course of B-cell activation; defense response genes are most affected at the onset of activation. Our study provides insights into the biological function of the ubiquitous HMGN chromatin binding proteins and into epigenetic processes that affect the fidelity of the transcriptional response during the activation of B cell lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Zhang
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Iris Zhu
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melanie S Vacchio
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arito Yamane
- Genomics and Immunity, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafael Casellas
- Genomics and Immunity, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Landsman
- Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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7
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Dobenecker MW, Kim JK, Marcello J, Fang TC, Prinjha R, Bosselut R, Tarakhovsky A. Coupling of T cell receptor specificity to natural killer T cell development by bivalent histone H3 methylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:297-306. [PMID: 25687282 PMCID: PMC4354372 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The fidelity of T cell immunity depends greatly on coupling T cell receptor signaling with specific T cell effector functions. Here, we describe a chromatin-based mechanism that enables integration of TCR specificity into definite T cell lineage commitment. Using natural killer T cells (iNKT cell) as a model of a T cell subset that differentiates in response to specific TCR signaling, we identified a key role of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in coupling iNKT cell TCR specificity with the generation of iNKT cells. We found that the Zbtb16/PLZF gene promoter that drives iNKT cell differentiation possesses a bivalent chromatin state characterized by the simultaneous presence of negative and positive H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 modifications. Depletion of H3K27me3 at the Zbtb16/PLZF promoter leads to uncoupling of iNKT cell development from TCR specificity and is associated with accumulation of iNKT-like CD4(+) cells that express a non-iNKT cell specific T cell repertoire. In turn, stabilization of H3K27me3 leads to a drastic reduction of the iNKT cell population. Our data suggest that H3K27me3 levels at the bivalent Zbtb16/PLZF gene define a threshold enabling precise coupling of TCR specificity to lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Werner Dobenecker
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jong Kyong Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jonas Marcello
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Terry C Fang
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Rab Prinjha
- Epinova DPU, Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage SG1 2NY, England, UK
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexander Tarakhovsky
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
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8
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Buxbaum NP, Farthing DE, Boehrer AC, Kapoor V, Castro E, Bouladoux NJ, Swan G, Telford W, Eckhaus M, Belkaid Y, Bosselut R, Gress R. T Regulatory Cell Kinetics Are Altered in a Target Organ of Chronic GVHD, Resulting in a Low T Regulatory to T Effector Memory Cell Ratio. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Rupp LJ, Brady BL, Carpenter AC, De Obaldia ME, Bhandoola A, Bosselut R, Muljo SA, Bassing CH. The microRNA biogenesis machinery modulates lineage commitment during αβ T cell development. J Immunol 2014; 193:4032-42. [PMID: 25217159 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of CD4(+) helper and CD8(+) cytotoxic αβ T cells from CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes involves upregulation of lineage-specifying transcription factors and transcriptional silencing of CD8 or CD4 coreceptors, respectively, in MHC class II or I (MHCII or I)-restricted thymocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that inactivation of the Dicer RNA endonuclease in murine thymocytes impairs initiation of Cd4 and Cd8 silencing, leading to development of positively selected MHCI- and MHCII-restricted mature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. Expression of the antiapoptotic BCL2 protein or inactivation of the p53 proapoptotic protein rescues these thymocytes from apoptosis, increasing their frequency and permitting accumulation of CD4(+)CD8(+) αβ T cells in the periphery. Dicer-deficient MHCI-restricted αβ T cells fail to normally silence Cd4 and display impaired induction of the CD8 lineage-specifying transcription factor Runx3, whereas Dicer-deficient MHCII-restricted αβ T cells show impaired Cd8 silencing and impaired induction of the CD4 lineage-specifying transcription factor Thpok. Finally, we show that the Drosha RNA endonuclease, which functions upstream of Dicer in microRNA biogenesis, also regulates Cd4 and Cd8 silencing. Our data demonstrate a previously dismissed function for the microRNA biogenesis machinery in regulating expression of lineage-specifying transcription factors and silencing of Cd4 and Cd8 during αβ T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi J Rupp
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Brenna L Brady
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Andrea C Carpenter
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Maria Elena De Obaldia
- Immunology Graduate Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Immunology Graduate Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Craig H Bassing
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Immunology Graduate Group, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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10
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Shih HY, Sciumè G, Poholek AC, Vahedi G, Hirahara K, Villarino AV, Bonelli M, Bosselut R, Kanno Y, Muljo SA, O'Shea JJ. Transcriptional and epigenetic networks of helper T and innate lymphoid cells. Immunol Rev 2014; 261:23-49. [PMID: 25123275 PMCID: PMC4321863 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the specification of CD4(+) helper T cells to discrete effector 'lineages' represented a watershed event in conceptualizing mechanisms of host defense and immunoregulation. However, our appreciation for the actual complexity of helper T-cell subsets continues unabated. Just as the Sami language of Scandinavia has 1000 different words for reindeer, immunologists recognize the range of fates available for a CD4(+) T cell is numerous and may be underestimated. Added to the crowded scene for helper T-cell subsets is the continuously growing family of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), endowed with common effector responses and the previously defined 'master regulators' for CD4(+) helper T-cell subsets are also shared by ILC subsets. Within the context of this extraordinary complexity are concomitant advances in the understanding of transcriptomes and epigenomes. So what do terms like 'lineage commitment' and helper T-cell 'specification' mean in the early 21st century? How do we put all of this together in a coherent conceptual framework? It would be arrogant to assume that we have a sophisticated enough understanding to seriously answer these questions. Instead, we review the current status of the flexibility of helper T-cell responses in relation to their genetic regulatory networks and epigenetic landscapes. Recent data have provided major surprises as to what master regulators can or cannot do, how they interact with other transcription factors and impact global genome-wide changes, and how all these factors come together to influence helper cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Shih
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Adoro S, McCaughtry T, Erman B, Alag A, Van Laethem F, Park JH, Tai X, Kimura M, Wang L, Grinberg A, Kubo M, Bosselut R, Love P, Singer A. Coreceptor gene imprinting governs thymocyte lineage fate. EMBO J 2011; 31:366-77. [PMID: 22036949 PMCID: PMC3261554 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-positive (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes differentiate into CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. A knock-in approach replacing CD8-coding sequences with CD4 cDNA shows that it is the expression kinetics of CD8, and not the identity of the coreceptor, that governs thymocyte-lineage fate. Immature thymocytes are bipotential cells that are signalled during positive selection to become either helper- or cytotoxic-lineage T cells. By tracking expression of lineage determining transcription factors during positive selection, we now report that the Cd8 coreceptor gene locus co-opts any coreceptor protein encoded within it to induce thymocytes to express the cytotoxic-lineage factor Runx3 and to adopt the cytotoxic-lineage fate, findings we refer to as ‘coreceptor gene imprinting'. Specifically, encoding CD4 proteins in the endogenous Cd8 gene locus caused major histocompatibility complex class II-specific thymocytes to express Runx3 during positive selection and to differentiate into CD4+ cytotoxic-lineage T cells. Our findings further indicate that coreceptor gene imprinting derives from the dynamic regulation of specific cis Cd8 gene enhancer elements by positive selection signals in the thymus. Thus, for coreceptor-dependent thymocytes, lineage fate is determined by Cd4 and Cd8 coreceptor gene loci and not by the specificity of T-cell antigen receptor/coreceptor signalling. This study identifies coreceptor gene imprinting as a critical determinant of lineage fate determination in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Adoro
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Wohlfert EA, Grainger JR, Bouladoux N, Konkel JE, Oldenhove G, Ribeiro CH, Hall JA, Yagi R, Naik S, Bhairavabhotla R, Paul WE, Bosselut R, Wei G, Zhao K, Oukka M, Zhu J, Belkaid Y. GATA3 controls Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cell fate during inflammation in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4503-15. [PMID: 21965331 DOI: 10.1172/jci57456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs not only keep immune responses to autoantigens in check, but also restrain those directed toward pathogens and the commensal microbiota. Control of peripheral immune homeostasis by Tregs relies on their capacity to accumulate at inflamed sites and appropriately adapt to their local environment. To date, the factors involved in the control of these aspects of Treg physiology remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the canonical Th2 transcription factor GATA3 is selectively expressed in Tregs residing in barrier sites including the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. GATA3 expression in both murine and human Tregs was induced upon TCR and IL-2 stimulation. Although GATA3 was not required to sustain Treg homeostasis and function at steady state, GATA3 played a cardinal role in Treg physiology during inflammation. Indeed, the intrinsic expression of GATA3 by Tregs was required for their ability to accumulate at inflamed sites and to maintain high levels of Foxp3 expression in various polarized or inflammatory settings. Furthermore, our data indicate that GATA3 limits Treg polarization toward an effector T cell phenotype and acquisition of effector cytokines in inflamed tissues. Overall, our work reveals what we believe to be a new facet in the complex role of GATA3 in T cells and highlights what may be a fundamental role in controlling Treg physiology during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Wohlfert
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Collins A, Hewitt S, Chaumeil J, Sellars M, Micsinai M, Allinne J, Parisi F, Nora EP, Bolland D, Corcoran A, Kluger Y, Bosselut R, Ellmeier W, Chong M, Littman D, Skok J. RUNX transcription factor-mediated association of Cd4 and Cd8 enables coordinate gene regulation. Immunity 2011; 34:303-14. [PMID: 21435585 PMCID: PMC3101577 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
T cell fate is associated with mutually exclusive expression of CD4 or CD8 in helper and cytotoxic T cells, respectively. How expression of one locus is temporally coordinated with repression of the other has been a long-standing enigma, though we know RUNX transcription factors activate the Cd8 locus, silence the Cd4 locus, and repress the Zbtb7b locus (encoding the transcription factor ThPOK), which is required for CD4 expression. Here we found that nuclear organization was altered by interplay among members of this transcription factor circuitry: RUNX binding mediated association of Cd4 and Cd8 whereas ThPOK binding kept the loci apart. Moreover, targeted deletions within Cd4 modulated CD8 expression and pericentromeric repositioning of Cd8. Communication between Cd4 and Cd8 thus appears to enable long-range epigenetic regulation to ensure that expression of one excludes the other in mature CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Collins
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Susannah L. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julie Chaumeil
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - MacLean Sellars
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mariann Micsinai
- New York University Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jeanne Allinne
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Fabio Parisi
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elphège P. Nora
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, 75724 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dan J. Bolland
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Anne E. Corcoran
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Department of Pathology and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4259, USA
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M.W. Chong
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R. Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Jane A. Skok
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, London W1T 4JF, UK
- Corresponding author
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14
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Zamisch M, Wang L, Yockey L, Vinson C, Bosselut R. Two distinct functions for the BTB domain of the CD4-differentiating factor Thpok (85.20). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.85.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thpok is a zinc-finger (ZF) transcription factor essential for CD4 T cell development. Thpok promotes CD4 T helper lineage commitment, in part through the repression of genes necessary for CD8 differentiation. A member of the BTB-ZF subclass of ZF transcription factors, Thpok contains two conserved motifs: a carboxy-terminal ZF DNA binding domain, and an amino-terminal BTB motif. Although the BTB domain is required for Thpok to promote CD4 lineage differentiation, its contribution to Thpok function is not clear. In vitro analyses of the BTB domain of the prototype family member, Bcl6 (B cell lymphoma 6) revealed a role of the BTB domain in oligomerization and transcriptional repression. In the present study, we examined whether the Thpok BTB domain simply serves to promote dimerization of Thpok molecules, or whether it also serves to recruit other transcriptional regulators. We generated chimeric Thpok proteins by replacing the BTB domain of Thpok with that of other family members, or with a heterologous dimerization domain. All chimeric molecules containing the BTB domains tested blocked CD8 lineage specific gene expression; in contrast, the chimeric molecule carrying a heterologous dimerization domain was only partially functional. These results indicate that the BTB domain of Thpok not only promotes dimerization but it also serves to control transcription, presumably through interactions with transcriptional corepressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zamisch
- 1Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lie Wang
- 1Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura Yockey
- 1Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Charles Vinson
- 2Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Remy Bosselut
- 1Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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15
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Lesourne R, Uehara S, Lee J, Song KD, Li L, Pinkhasov J, Zhang Y, Weng NP, Wildt KF, Wang L, Bosselut R, Love PE. Erratum: Themis, a T cell–specific protein important for late thymocyte development. Nat Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1038/ni0110-97d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Zamisch M, Tian L, Grenningloh R, Wildt KF, Ehlers M, Ho IC, Bosselut R. Ets1 is required for CD4 shut down during CD8 T cell differentiation in the thymus (46.11). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.46.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During the latest steps of thymocyte differentiation, T cell precursors that have rearranged TCRbeta and TCRalpha genes and express both CD4 and CD8 (double positive, DP) are selected into MHC II-restricted CD4 T cells, or MHC I-restricted CD8 T cells. Several transcription factors regulate this developmental transition: Gata3 and Zbtb7b promote the generation of CD4 cells, whereas Runx3 is important for CD8 T cell development by promoting the cessation of CD4 expression. The transcription factor Ets1 was reported to contribute to CD8 cell development, but its function in this process remains unclear. The present study has tested the hypothesis that Ets1 participates in CD8 cell differentiation by enabling Runx3 function. Expression of the P14 MHC I-restricted transgenic TCR in Ets1-deficient mice resulted in the generation of a population of CD8 lineage cells that failed to downregulate CD4, suggesting that Ets1 is required for the down-regulation of CD4. Transient transfection analyses failed to reveal any Ets1-Runx3 cooperation on CD4 expression. Rather, we found that Ets1 is necessary for the proper expression of Runx3 during CD8 thymocyte differentiation, and enforced expression of Runx3 restores CD4 shut-down in Ets1-/- MHC I-restricted thymocytes. These findings identify Ets1 as a key player during CD8-lineage differentiation and show that it acts at least in part by promoting Runx3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linhua Tian
- 2Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Discovery Medicine and Clincal Pharmacology, Pennington, NJ
| | | | | | - Marc Ehlers
- 4DRFZ, Laboratory of Tolerance and Autoimmunigy, Berlin, Germany
| | - I-Cheng Ho
- 3Dept of MEdicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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17
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Park JH, Adoro S, Lucas PJ, Sarafova SD, Alag AS, Doan LL, Erman B, Liu X, Ellmeier W, Bosselut R, Feigenbaum L, Singer A. 'Coreceptor tuning': cytokine signals transcriptionally tailor CD8 coreceptor expression to the self-specificity of the TCR. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:1049-59. [PMID: 17873878 DOI: 10.1038/ni1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T cell immunity requires the long-term survival of T cells that are capable of recognizing self antigens but are not overtly autoreactive. How this balance is achieved remains incompletely understood. Here we identify a homeostatic mechanism that transcriptionally tailors CD8 coreceptor expression in individual CD8+ T cells to the self-specificity of their clonotypic T cell receptor (TCR). 'Coreceptor tuning' results from interplay between cytokine and TCR signals, such that signals from interleukin 7 and other common gamma-chain cytokines transcriptionally increase CD8 expression and thereby promote TCR engagement of self ligands, whereas TCR signals impair common gamma-chain cytokine signaling and thereby decrease CD8 expression. This dynamic interplay induces individual CD8+ T cells to express CD8 in quantities appropriate for the self-specificity of their TCR, promoting the engagement of self ligands, yet avoiding autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Berthet C, Rodriguez-Galan MC, Hodge DL, Gooya J, Pascal V, Young HA, Keller J, Bosselut R, Kaldis P. Hematopoiesis and thymic apoptosis are not affected by the loss of Cdk2. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:5079-89. [PMID: 17485443 PMCID: PMC1951952 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00029-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is essential for proper homeostasis of hematopoietic cells. Cdk2 is a major regulator of S phase entry, is activated by mitogenic cytokines, and has been suggested to be involved in antigen-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes. The role of Cdk2 in hematopoietic cells and apoptosis in vivo has not yet been addressed. To determine whether Cdk2 plays a role in these cells, we performed multiple analyses of bone marrow cells, thymocytes, and splenocytes from Cdk2 knockout mice. We found that Cdk2 is not required in vivo to induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, a result that differs from previous pharmacological in vitro studies. Furthermore, thymocyte maturation was not affected by the lack of Cdk2. We then analyzed the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and found similar proportions of stem cells and progenitors in Cdk2(-)(/)(-) and wild-type animals. Knockouts of Cdk2 inhibitors (p21, p27) affect stem cell renewal, but a competitive graft experiment indicated that renewal and multilineage differentiation are normal in the absence of Cdk2. Finally, we stimulated T lymphocytes or macrophages to induce proliferation and observed normal reactivation of Cdk2(-)(/)(-) quiescent cells. Our results indicate that Cdk2 is not required for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in vivo, although in vitro analyses consider Cdk2 to be a major player in proliferation and apoptosis in these cells and a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Berthet
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Bldg. 560/22-56, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
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19
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Singer A, Bosselut R. CD4/CD8 coreceptors in thymocyte development, selection, and lineage commitment: analysis of the CD4/CD8 lineage decision. Adv Immunol 2004; 83:91-131. [PMID: 15135629 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(04)83003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Bosselut R, Guinter TI, Sharrow SO, Singer A. Unraveling a revealing paradox: Why major histocompatibility complex I-signaled thymocytes "paradoxically" appear as CD4+8lo transitional cells during positive selection of CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 2003; 197:1709-19. [PMID: 12810689 PMCID: PMC2193957 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which T cell receptor specificity determines the outcome of the CD4/CD8 lineage decision in the thymus is not known. An important clue is the fact that major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I-signaled thymocytes paradoxically appear as CD4+8lo transitional cells during their differentiation into CD8+ T cells. Lineage commitment is generally thought to occur at the CD4+8+ (double positive) stage of differentiation and to result in silencing of the opposite coreceptor gene. From this perspective, the appearance of MHC-I-signaled thymocytes as CD4+8lo cells would be due to effects on CD8 surface protein expression, not CD8 gene expression. But contrary to this perspective, this study demonstrates that MHC-I-signaled thymocytes appear as CD4+8lo cells because of transient down-regulation of CD8 gene expression, not because of changes in CD8 surface protein expression or distribution. This study also demonstrates that initial cessation of CD8 gene expression in MHC-I-signaled thymocytes is not necessarily indicative of commitment to the CD4+ T cell lineage, as such thymocytes retain the potential to differentiate into CD8+ T cells. These results challenge classical concepts of lineage commitment but fulfill predictions of the kinetic signaling model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Bosselut
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Bhandoola A, Bosselut R, Yu Q, Cowan ML, Feigenbaum L, Love PE, Singer A. CD5-mediated inhibition of TCR signaling during intrathymic selection and development does not require the CD5 extracellular domain. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32:1811-7. [PMID: 12115665 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1811::aid-immu1811>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD5 functions as a negative regulator of TCR signaling during intrathymic T cell development, but it is not known if this negative regulatory function requires CD5 engagement of an extracellular ligand. The present study has specifically examined the role of the CD5 extracellular domain in T cell development by introducing into CD5-/- mice a chimeric CD5 molecule in which the extracellular domain of CD5 is replaced with the extracellular domain of human IL-2R p55 (Tac) for which no ligand exists in the mouse. We now report that CD5 mediated down-regulation of TCR signaling during thymocyte development does not require the CD5 extracellular domain and, consequently, does not involve CD5 binding of an extracellular ligand in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bhandoola
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Bosselut R, Feigenbaum L, Sharrow SO, Singer A. Strength of signaling by CD4 and CD8 coreceptor tails determines the number but not the lineage direction of positively selected thymocytes. Immunity 2001; 14:483-94. [PMID: 11336693 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study has assessed the impact of the intracellular domains of CD4 and CD8 on positive selection and lineage direction of MHC class I-restricted thymocytes. Contrary to current presumption, we found that the CD4 tail promotes the generation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without preference for the CD4+ T cell lineage. We also found that the identity of the coreceptor tail and hence the strength of coreceptor signaling determine the number of thymocytes undergoing positive selection but not their ultimate CD4/CD8 phenotype. These findings demonstrate that the strength of coreceptor signaling has a significant quantitative but not qualitative impact on positive selection and provide a simple explanation for the greater numbers of CD4+ than CD8+ T cells selected in the normal thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bosselut
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Bosselut R, Kubo S, Guinter T, Kopacz JL, Altman JD, Feigenbaum L, Singer A. Role of CD8beta domains in CD8 coreceptor function: importance for MHC I binding, signaling, and positive selection of CD8+ T cells in the thymus. Immunity 2000; 12:409-18. [PMID: 10795739 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of the CD8beta subunit to CD8 coreceptor function is poorly understood. We now demonstrate that the CD8beta extracellular domain increases the avidity of CD8 binding to MHC I, and that the intracellular domain of CD8beta enhances association with two intracellular molecules required for TCR signal transduction, Lck and LAT. By assessing CD8+ T cell differentiation in CD8beta-deficient mice reconstituted with various transgenic CD8beta chimeric molecules, we also demonstrate that the intracellular and extracellular domains of CD8beta can contribute independently to CD8+ T cell development, but that both CD8beta domains together are most efficient. Thus, this study identifies the molecular functions of the CD8beta intracellular and extracellular domains and documents their contributions to CD8+ T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bosselut
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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24
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Abstract
A competent immune system requires that mature T cells express TCR and CD4/CD8 coreceptors with matching MHC specificities. Such matching of TCR and coreceptor specificity is induced in the thymus at the CD4(+)8(+)stage of development and is referred to as lineage commitment. The process by which immature CD4(+)8(+)thymocytes are signaled to undergo lineage commitment continues to be the subject of intense investigation and discussion. Here, we review the major models by which lineage commitment is thought to occur and discuss the experimental results on which they were based.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 4B36, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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25
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Markiewicz S, Bosselut R, Le Deist F, de Villartay JP, Hivroz C, Ghysdael J, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Tissue-specific activity of the gammac chain gene promoter depends upon an Ets binding site and is regulated by GA-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:14849-55. [PMID: 8663060 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.25.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gammac chain is a subunit of multiple cytokine receptors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15), the expression of which is restricted to hematopoietic lineages. A defect in gammac leads to the X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by a block in T cell differentiation. In order to better characterize the human gammac promoter and define the minimal tissue-specific promoter region, progressive 5'-deletion constructs of a segment extending 1053 base pairs upstream of the major transcription start site were generated and tested for promoter activity in various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell types. The -1053/+34 construct allowed promoter activity only in cells of hematopoietic origin, and tissue specificity was conserved in all other constructs tested. The region downstream of -90 appeared critical for basal promoter activity. It contains two potential Ets binding sites conserved in the murine gammac promoter gene, one of which was found essential for functional promoter activity as determined by mutational analysis. The functional Ets binding site was found to bind Ets family proteins, principally GA-binding protein and Elf-1 and could be transactivated by GABPalpha and -beta synergistically. These results indicate that, as already reported for the IL2Rbeta promoter, GA-binding protein is an essential component of gammac basal promoter activity. Although GABP expression is not restricted to the hematopoietic lineage, its interaction with other specific factors may contribute to the tissue-specific expression of the gammac gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Markiewicz
- INSERM U429, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
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26
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Wargnier A, Legros-Maida S, Bosselut R, Bourge JF, Lafaurie C, Ghysdael CJ, Sasportes M, Paul P. Identification of human granzyme B promoter regulatory elements interacting with activated T-cell-specific proteins: implication of Ikaros and CBF binding sites in promoter activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:6930-4. [PMID: 7624346 PMCID: PMC41444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.15.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Granzyme B serine protease is found in the granules of activated cytotoxic T cells and in natural and lymphokine-activated killer cells. This protease plays a critical role in the rapid induction of target cell DNA fragmentation. The DNA regulatory elements that are responsible for the specificity of granzyme B gene transcription in activated T-cells reside between nt -148 and +60 (relative to the transcription start point at +1) of the human granzyme B gene promoter. This region contains binding sites for the transcription factors Ikaros, CBF, Ets, and AP-1. Mutational analysis of the human granzyme B promoter reveals that the Ikaros binding site (-143 to -114) and the AP-1/CBF binding site (-103 to -77) are essential for the activation of transcription in phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas mutation of the Ets binding site does not affect promoter activity in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wargnier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U93, Centre Hayem, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France
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27
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McCracken S, Leung S, Bosselut R, Ghysdael J, Miyamoto NG. Myb and Ets related transcription factors are required for activity of the human lck type I promoter. Oncogene 1994; 9:3609-15. [PMID: 7970721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The lck gene, which encodes a lymphoid-specific Src family tyrosine kinase, is transcribed from two promoters that are differentially utilized during T cell development. We have shown previously that the human lck type I promoter, which is preferentially expressed in immature thymocytes, requires a binding site (-97 to -90) for the Ets family of transcription factors for its activity in Jurkat T leukemia cells. Three putative Myb binding sites (-86 to -82, -77 to -72 and -59 to -54) were analysed for their ability to activate the lck type I promoter. In vitro assays demonstrated specific binding of purified, bacterially expressed c-Myb DNA binding domain to the Myb (-59 to -54) site. Transient transfection assays using the site-directed mutants of the lck type I promoter in Jurkat cells revealed that mutation of the Myb (-59 to -54) site abolished transcriptional activity. In transiently transfected HeLa cells, the lck type I promoter was activated by co-transfection with a vector that expresses c-Myb. This c-Myb dependent activation required the presence of intact Myb and Ets binding sites, indicating that the expressed c-Myb functions with endogenous Ets related transcription factors to activate the lck type I promoter. This effect was further enhanced by co-transfection with vectors that express either Ets1 or Ets2. These results demonstrate that Myb and Ets related transcription factors synergistically activate the human lck type I promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McCracken
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
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Bailly RA, Bosselut R, Zucman J, Cormier F, Delattre O, Roussel M, Thomas G, Ghysdael J. DNA-binding and transcriptional activation properties of the EWS-FLI-1 fusion protein resulting from the t(11;22) translocation in Ewing sarcoma. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:3230-41. [PMID: 8164678 PMCID: PMC358690 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.5.3230-3241.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5' half of the EWS gene has recently been described to be fused to the 3' regions of genes encoding the DNA-binding domain of several transcriptional regulators, including ATF1, FLI-1, and ERG, in several human tumors. The most frequent occurrence of this situation results from the t(11;22)(q24;q12) chromosome translocation specific for Ewing sarcoma (ES) and related tumors which joins EWS sequences to the 3' half of FLI-1, which encodes a member of the Ets family of transcriptional regulators. We show here that this chimeric gene encodes an EWS-FLI-1 nuclear protein which binds DNA with the same sequence specificity as the wild-type parental FLI-1 protein. We further show that EWS-FLI-1 is an efficient sequence-specific transcriptional activator of model promoters containing FLI-1 (Ets)-binding sites, a property which is strictly dependent on the presence of its EWS domain. Comparison of the properties of the N-terminal activation domain of FLI-1 to those of the EWS domain of the fusion protein indicates that EWS-FLI-1 has altered transcriptional activation properties compared with FLI-1. These results suggest that EWS-FLI-1 contributes to the transformed phenotype of ES tumor cells by inducing the deregulated and/or unscheduled activation of genes normally responsive to FLI-1 or to other close members of the Ets family. ES and related tumors are characterized by an elevated level of c-myc expression. We show that EWS-FLI-1 is a transactivator of the c-myc promoter, suggesting that upregulation of c-myc expression is under control of EWS-FLI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bailly
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Virale et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA 1443, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
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Wargnier A, Legros-Maïda S, Bosselut R, Bourge J, Lafaurie C, Berthou C, Paul P, Sasportes M. Multiple transcription factors including members of the ets protein family interact with the human granzyme B promoter to control specific transcription in activated T cells. Hum Immunol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)91702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bosselut R, Levin J, Adjadj E, Ghysdael J. A single amino-acid substitution in the Ets domain alters core DNA binding specificity of Ets1 to that of the related transcription factors Elf1 and E74. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:5184-91. [PMID: 8255775 PMCID: PMC310635 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.22.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ets proteins form a family of sequence specific DNA binding proteins which bind DNA through a 85 aminoacids conserved domain, the Ets domain, whose sequence is unrelated to any other characterized DNA binding domain. Unlike all other known Ets proteins, which bind specific DNA sequences centered over either GGAA or GGAT core motifs, E74 and Elf1 selectively bind to GGAA corecontaining sites. Elf1 and E74 differ from other Ets proteins in three residues located in an otherwise highly conserved region of the Ets domain, referred to as conserved region III (CRIII). We show that a restricted selectivity for GGAA core-containing sites could be conferred to Ets1 upon changing a single lysine residue within CRIII to the threonine found in Elf1 and E74 at this position. Conversely, the reciprocal mutation in Elf1 confers to this protein the ability to bind to GGAT core containing EBS. This, together with the fact that mutation of two invariant arginine residues in CRIII abolishes DNA binding, indicates that CRIII plays a key role in Ets domain recognition of the GGAA/T core motif and lead us to discuss a model of Ets proteins--core motif interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bosselut
- CNRS URA 1443, Institut Curie, Section de Biologie, Orsay, France
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31
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Abstract
Ets1 is the prototype of a family of transcriptional activators whose activity depends on the binding to specific DNA sequences characterized by an invariant GGA core sequence. We have previously demonstrated that transcriptional activation by Ets1 of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is strictly dependent on the binding of Ets1 to two sites, ERE-A and ERE-B, localized in a 44 bp long Ets-responsive region (ERR1). We report here that the activity of ERR1 as an efficient Ets1 response element in HeLa cells also depends on the integrity of an Sp1 binding site localized immediately upstream of ERE-A. The response to Ets1 of an element restricted to the SP1/ERE-A binding sites is also strictly dependent on both the Ets1 and Sp1 binding sites. In vitro, Sp1 and Ets1 are shown to cooperate to form a ternary complex with the SP1/ERE-A element. Reconstitution experiments in Drosophila melanogaster Schneider cells show that Ets1 and Sp1 act synergistically to activate transcription from either the ERR1 or the SP1/ERE-A elements and that synergy requires the binding of both Sp1 and Ets1 to their cognate sites. SP1/ERE-A elements are found in the enhancer/promoter region of several cellular genes, suggesting that synergy between Ets1 and Sp1 is not restricted to the ERR1 region of the HTLV1 LTR. These results strengthen the notion that Ets1 as well as other members of the Ets family usually function as components of larger transcription complexes to regulate the activity of a variety of viral and cellular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gégonne
- CNRS-URA 1443, Institut Curie, Section de Biologie, Orsay, France
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Ray D, Bosselut R, Ghysdael J, Mattei MG, Tavitian A, Moreau-Gachelin F. Characterization of Spi-B, a transcription factor related to the putative oncoprotein Spi-1/PU.1. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12:4297-304. [PMID: 1406622 PMCID: PMC360353 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.12.10.4297-4304.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned a human cDNA from a new gene, spi-B, on the basis of its homology with the DNA-binding domain of the Spi-1/PU.1 putative oncogene product. spi-B codes for a protein of 262 amino acids presenting 43% overall identity with Spi-1. Its highly basic carboxy-terminal region exhibits 34% sequence identity with the DNA-binding domain of the Ets-1 protein. We showed that the Spi-B protein is able to bind the purine-rich sequence (PU box) recognized by Spi-1/PU.1 and to activate transcription of a reporter plasmid containing PU boxes. Chromosome in situ hybridization allowed us to map spi-B to the 19q13.3-19q13.4 region of the human genome. spi-B, like spi-1, was found to be expressed in various murine and human hematopoietic cell lines except T lymphoid cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ray
- Faculté de Médecine Lariboisière Saint-Louis, INSERM U-248, Paris, France
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33
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Gegonne A, Punyammalee B, Rabault B, Bosselut R, Seneca S, Crabeel M, Ghysdael J. Analysis of the DNA binding and transcriptional activation properties of the Ets1 oncoprotein. New Biol 1992; 4:512-9. [PMID: 1515415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The c-ets1 gene product (Ets1) is the prototype of a family of sequence-specific transcriptional activators which have been implicated in various developmental processes and in the response of cells to a variety of extracellular stimuli. We report here a structure-function analysis of the DNA binding and transcriptional activation properties of Ets1. The minimal region required for specific DNA binding is located at the carboxy-terminus of Ets1, a domain highly conserved in all known members of the Ets family. Transcriptional activation by Ets1 in mammalian cells requires an additional domain of 110 amino acids characterized by a high content of acidic residues and localized in the amino-terminal half of the protein. This domain also functions as a transcriptional activation domain in yeast cells when linked to the heterologous DNA binding domain of Gal4. In contrast to its conservation in Ets1 proteins across vertebrate species, this activation domain is not conserved in other members of the Ets family. These results indicate that an important level of specificity between different members of the Ets family may reside in the differential interactions of their respective activation domains with distinct general transcription factors or different associated coactivators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gegonne
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Virale et Cellulaire, CNRS URA 1443, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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Bosselut R, Lim F, Romond PC, Frampton J, Brady J, Ghysdael J. Myb protein binds to multiple sites in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 long terminal repeat and transactivates LTR-mediated expression. Virology 1992; 186:764-9. [PMID: 1733110 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90044-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The members of the c-myb proto-oncogene family encode sequence-specific transcriptional activators. In T cells, expression of c-myb and the related B-myb gene is induced following mitogenic stimulation. Using a purified recombinant protein, we report here that the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) LTR contains six specific binding sites for Myb. We also show that HTLV-1 LTR chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter plasmids are specifically transactivated by c-Myb. These data suggest a role for members of the Myb family as a link between transcriptional activation of the HTLV-1 LTR and T cell activation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bosselut
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Virale et Cellulaire, CNRS URA 1443, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
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35
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Gitlin SD, Bosselut R, Gégonne A, Ghysdael J, Brady JN. Sequence-specific interaction of the Ets1 protein with the long terminal repeat of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I. J Virol 1991; 65:5513-23. [PMID: 1895400 PMCID: PMC249048 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.65.10.5513-5523.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that members of the c-ets proto-oncogene family, Ets1 and Ets2, are sequence-specific transcriptional activators of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR). We now report that the HTLV-I LTR contains two distinct Ets1-responsive regions, ERR-1 and ERR-2. Expression of Ets1 with reporter plasmids containing ERR-1 or ERR-2 upstream of a basal promoter resulted in an increase in transcriptional activity. By gel mobility shift assay, the interaction of Ets1 with the downstream ERR-1-binding region was found to be more stable than its interaction with the upstream ERR-2 region. By DNase I footprint, gel mobility shift, and methylation interference analyses, ERR-1 was found to contain two Ets1 binding sites, ERE-A and ERE-B. A recombinant Ets1 protein was found to bind with higher affinity to ERE-A than to ERE-B. Binding of Ets1 to these sites appears to result in a specific and sequential protection of a 37-nucleotide sequence of the HTLV-I LTR from -154 to -118. In view of the high-level expression of Ets1 in lymphoid cells, the c-ets proto-oncogenes encode transcription factors which could play an important role in both basal and Tax1-mediated HTLV-I transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gitlin
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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36
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Bosselut R, Duvall JF, Gégonne A, Bailly M, Hémar A, Brady J, Ghysdael J. The product of the c-ets-1 proto-oncogene and the related Ets2 protein act as transcriptional activators of the long terminal repeat of human T cell leukemia virus HTLV-1. EMBO J 1990; 9:3137-44. [PMID: 2209540 PMCID: PMC552042 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-ets-1 proto-oncogene and the related c-ets-2 gene encode related nuclear chromatin-associated proteins which bind DNA in vitro. To investigate the possibility that Ets1 and Ets2 are transcriptional activators, we analyzed the ability of these proteins to trans-activate promoter/enhancer sequences in transient co-transfection experiments. A CAT construct driven by the long terminal repeat of the human T cell leukemia virus, HTLV-1 was found to be trans-activated by both Ets1 and Ets2 in NIH3T3 and HeLa cells. The increased levels of CAT activity were paralleled by increased levels of correctly initiated CAT mRNA. Mutant Ets1 proteins unable to accumulate in the nucleus were found to be inactive. An ets-responsive sequence between positions -117 and -160 of the LTR was identified by analyses of a series of 5' deletion mutants of the HTLV-1 LTR and of dimerized versions of specific motifs of the LTR enhancer region. Using a gel shift binding assay, Ets1 was found to bind specifically to an oligonucleotide corresponding to region -117 to -160. This sequence, which also contributes to Tax1 responsiveness of the HTLV-1 LTR, is characterized by the presence of four repeats of a pentanucleotide sequence of the type CC(T/A)CC. Competition experiments show that integrity of repeats 1 and 4 is important for Ets1 binding. These results show that Ets1 and Ets2 are sequence-specific transcriptional activators. In view of the high level expression of Ets1 in lymphoid cells, Ets1 could be part of the transcription complex which mediates the response to Tax1 and the control of HTLV-1 replication. More generally, Ets1 and Ets2 could regulate transcription of cellular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bosselut
- INSERM U186/CNRS URA 1160 Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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37
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Pognonec P, Boulukos KE, Bosselut R, Boyer C, Schmitt-Verhulst AM, Ghysdael J. Identification of a Ets1 variant protein unaffected in its chromatin and in vitro DNA binding capacities by T cell antigen receptor triggering and intracellular calcium rises. Oncogene 1990; 5:603-10. [PMID: 2183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that thymocytes express high levels of c-ets-1 protein (Ets1) that can be rapidly phosphorylated following mitogenic stimulation using lectins. We demonstrate here that T cell receptor (TCR) specific stimulation with monoclonal antibodies of mature CD8+ or CD4+ T cells also results in the rapid phosphorylation of Ets1, reinforcing the hypothesis of a possible role for Ets1 in T cell activation. In addition to the major Ets1 product (mu-p63c-ets-1), we identify in mouse thymocytes and mature T cells a distinct 52 Kd Ets1 related protein (mu-p52c-ets-1). In contrast to the major Ets1 protein, mu-p52c-ets-1 is poorly phosphorylated in unstimulated cells. Furthermore, mitogenic stimulation of thymocytes and T cells failed to induce in mu-p52c-ets-1 the Ca2(+)-dependent phosphorylation events which are known to drastically affect the migration of the major Ets1 protein in SDS polyacrylamide gels. Mu-p52c-ets-1, like mu-p63c-ets-1, is a nuclear-chromatin associated protein which exhibits DNA binding activity in vitro. However, in contrast to the major Ets1 protein, the association of mu-p53c-ets-1 with chromatin and its ability to bind to DNA in vitro are unaffected by activation stimuli resulting in an increase in [Ca2+]i. Finally, we present indications suggesting that mu-p52c-ets-1 might be the murine equivalent of the translation product of an alternatively c-ets-1 spliced mRNA described in human cells by others.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pognonec
- INSERM U 186, CNRS UA 041160, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
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Abstract
In this review, we discuss the biological action and biochemical function of the v-erbA oncogene product, and the role of c-erbA proto-oncogene products as thyroid hormone receptors, as related to the molecular structure and function of the nuclear hormone receptors at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Goldberg
- INSERM U186/CNRS UA1160, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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