1
|
Gawish R, Maier B, Obermayer G, Watzenboeck ML, Gorki AD, Quattrone F, Farhat A, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Korosec A, Alimohammadi A, Mesteri I, Oberndorfer F, Oakley F, Brain J, Boon L, Lang I, Binder CJ, Knapp S. A neutrophil-B-cell axis impacts tissue damage control in a mouse model of intraabdominal bacterial infection via Cxcr4. eLife 2022; 11:e78291. [PMID: 36178806 PMCID: PMC9525059 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled systemic inflammation and coagulation, leading to multiorgan failure. Therapeutic options to prevent sepsis-associated immunopathology remain scarce. Here, we established a mouse model of long-lasting disease tolerance during severe sepsis, manifested by diminished immunothrombosis and organ damage in spite of a high pathogen burden. We found that both neutrophils and B cells emerged as key regulators of tissue integrity. Enduring changes in the transcriptional profile of neutrophils include upregulated Cxcr4 expression in protected, tolerant hosts. Neutrophil Cxcr4 upregulation required the presence of B cells, suggesting that B cells promoted disease tolerance by improving tissue damage control via the suppression of neutrophils' tissue-damaging properties. Finally, therapeutic administration of a Cxcr4 agonist successfully promoted tissue damage control and prevented liver damage during sepsis. Our findings highlight the importance of a critical B-cell/neutrophil interaction during sepsis and establish neutrophil Cxcr4 activation as a potential means to promote disease tolerance during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riem Gawish
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Maier
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Georg Obermayer
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin L Watzenboeck
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - John Brain
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Irene Lang
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Ce-M-M-, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharif O, Brunner JS, Korosec A, Martins R, Jais A, Snijder B, Vogel A, Caldera M, Hladik A, Lakovits K, Saluzzo S, Boehm B, Gorki AD, Mesteri I, Lindroos-Christensen J, Tillmann K, Stoiber D, Menche J, Schabbauer G, Bilban M, Superti-Furga G, Esterbauer H, Knapp S. Beneficial Metabolic Effects of TREM2 in Obesity Are Uncoupled From Its Expression on Macrophages. Diabetes 2021; 70:2042-2057. [PMID: 33627323 PMCID: PMC8576425 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy is associated with elevated adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) content. Overexpression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) reportedly increases adiposity, worsening health. Paradoxically, using insulin resistance, elevated fat mass, and hypercholesterolemia as hallmarks of unhealthy obesity, a recent report demonstrated that ATM-expressed TREM2 promoted health. Here, we identified that in mice, TREM2 deficiency aggravated diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of fat and cholesterol levels. Metabolomics linked TREM2 deficiency with elevated obesity-instigated serum ceramides that correlated with impaired insulin sensitivity. Remarkably, while inhibiting ceramide synthesis exerted no influences on TREM2-dependent ATM remodeling, inflammation, or lipid load, it restored insulin tolerance, reversing adipose hypertrophy and secondary hepatic steatosis of TREM2-deficient animals. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed unremarkable influences of immune cell-expressed TREM2 on health, instead demonstrating that WAT-intrinsic mechanisms impinging on sphingolipid metabolism dominate in the systemic protective effects of TREM2 on metabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berend Snijder
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Saluzzo
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikta Boehm
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Katharina Tillmann
- Center of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brunner JS, Vogel A, Lercher A, Caldera M, Korosec A, Pühringer M, Hofmann M, Hajto A, Kieler M, Garrido LQ, Kerndl M, Kuttke M, Mesteri I, Górna MW, Kulik M, Dominiak PM, Brandon AE, Estevez E, Egan CL, Gruber F, Schweiger M, Menche J, Bergthaler A, Weichhart T, Klavins K, Febbraio MA, Sharif O, Schabbauer G. The PI3K pathway preserves metabolic health through MARCO-dependent lipid uptake by adipose tissue macrophages. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1427-1442. [PMID: 33199895 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) display tremendous heterogeneity depending on signals in their local microenvironment and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, antagonized by the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), is important for metabolic responses to obesity. We hypothesized that fluctuations in macrophage-intrinsic PI3K activity via PTEN could alter the trajectory of metabolic disease by driving distinct ATM populations. Using mice harbouring macrophage-specific PTEN deletion or bone marrow chimeras carrying additional PTEN copies, we demonstrate that sustained PI3K activity in macrophages preserves metabolic health in obesity by preventing lipotoxicity. Myeloid PI3K signalling promotes a beneficial ATM population characterized by lipid uptake, catabolism and high expression of the scavenger macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). Dual MARCO and myeloid PTEN deficiencies prevent the generation of lipid-buffering ATMs, reversing the beneficial actions of elevated myeloid PI3K activity in metabolic disease. Thus, macrophage-intrinsic PI3K signalling boosts metabolic health by driving ATM programmes associated with MARCO-dependent lipid uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Caldera
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Pühringer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Hofmann
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hajto
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucia Quemada Garrido
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Kerndl
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Kuttke
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria W Górna
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Kulik
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina M Dominiak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Insulin Action and Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Estevez
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Casey L Egan
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Cellular & Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Diabetes & Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frick A, Khare V, Jimenez K, Dammann K, Lang M, Krnjic A, Gmainer C, Baumgartner M, Mesteri I, Gasche C. A Novel PAK1-Notch1 Axis Regulates Crypt Homeostasis in Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:892-907.e1. [PMID: 33189893 PMCID: PMC7900837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1) belongs to a family of serine-threonine kinases and contributes to cellular pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), and Wingless-related integration site(Wnt)/β-catenin, all of which are involved in intestinal homeostasis. Overexpression of PAK1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC), and similarly was observed in interleukin (IL)10 knockout (KO) mice, a model of colitis and CAC. Here, we tested the effects of PAK1 deletion on intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in IL10 KO mice. METHODS IL10/PAK1 double-knockout (DKO) mice were generated and development of colitis and CAC was analyzed. Large intestines were measured and prepared for histology or RNA isolation. Swiss rolls were stained with H&E and periodic acid-Schiff. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were performed using intestinal organoids, SW480, and normal human colon epithelial cells 1CT. RESULTS When compared with IL10 KO mice, DKOs showed longer colons and prolonged crypts, despite having higher inflammation and numbers of dysplasia. Crypt hyperproliferation was associated with Notch1 activation and diminished crypt differentiation, indicated by a reduction of goblet cells. Gene expression analysis indicated up-regulation of the Notch1 target hairy and enhancer of split-1 and the stem cell receptor leucin-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 in DKO mice. Interestingly, the stem cell marker olfactomedin-4 was present in colonic tissue. Increased β-catenin messenger RNA and cytoplasmic accumulation indicated aberrant Wnt signaling. Co-localization and direct interaction of Notch1 and PAK1 was found in colon epithelial cells. Notch1 activation abrogated this effect whereas silencing of PAK1 led to Notch1 activation. CONCLUSIONS PAK1 contributes to the regulation of crypt homeostasis under inflammatory conditions by controlling Notch1. This identifies a novel PAK1-Notch1 axis in intestinal pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Frick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristine Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyle Dammann
- Department of Surgery, Saint Luke's University Hospital Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Michaela Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Krnjic
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Gmainer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Baumgartner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Gasche
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elajnaf T, Iamartino L, Mesteri I, Müller C, Bassetto M, Manhardt T, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kallay E, Schepelmann M. Nutritional and Pharmacological Targeting of the Calcium-Sensing Receptor Influences Chemically Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:E3072. [PMID: 31888253 PMCID: PMC6950720 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is the main regulator of extracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. It has diverse functions in different tissues, including the intestines. Intestine-specific knockout of the CaSR renders mice more susceptible to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. To test our hypothesis that the CaSR reduces intestinal inflammation, we assessed the effects of nutritional and pharmacological agonists of the CaSR in a colitis model. We treated female Balb/C mice with dietary calcium and protein (nutritional agonists of the CaSR) or pharmacological CaSR modulators (the agonists cinacalcet and GSK3004774, and the antagonist NPS-2143; 10 mg/kg), then induced colitis with DSS. The high-protein diet had a strong pro-inflammatory effect-it shortened the colons (5.3 ± 0.1 cm vs. 6.1 ± 0.2 cm normal diet, p < 0.05), lowered mucin expression and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ, (4.2-fold, p < 0.05) compared with the normal diet. Cinacalcet reduced mucin expression, which coincided with an increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (4.4-fold, p < 0.05) and IL-6 (4.9-fold, p < 0.05) in the plasma, compared with vehicle. The CaSR antagonist, NPS-2143, significantly reduced the cumulative inflammation score compared with the vehicle control (35.3 ± 19.1 vs. 21.9 ± 14.3 area under the curve, p < 0.05) and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells. While dietary modulation of the CaSR had no beneficial effects, pharmacological inhibition of the CaSR may have the potential of a novel add-on therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha Elajnaf
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Luca Iamartino
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcella Bassetto
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, CF10 3NB Cardiff, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Enikö Kallay
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schepelmann
- Center of Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Währinger Gürtel, 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.); (L.I.); (C.M.); (T.M.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Unger LW, Muckenhuber M, Riss S, Argeny S, Stift J, Mesteri I, Stift A. Effect of pathologist's dedication on lymph node detection rate and postoperative survival in colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:O173-O180. [PMID: 29706021 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM As adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer relies on the identification of lymph node metastases, the pathologist's dedication may have a considerable influence on postoperative survival. METHOD The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of the pathologist's dedication on lymph node detection rate and postoperative survival in patients operated on by a single experienced colorectal surgeon within a 5-year period. We assessed 229 patients undergoing total mesorectal excision or complete mesocolic excision by the senior author between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Pathologists were grouped as 'general pathologist' or 'dedicated pathologist' depending on their dedication/specialization. RESULTS Dedicated pathologists found statistically significantly more lymph nodes in colorectal specimens than general pathologists [23 (interquartile range 24) vs 14 (interquartile range 11), respectively; P < 0.001]. The detection rate of ≥ 12 lymph nodes per specimen was significantly higher in the dedicated pathologist group [65/74 (87.8%) vs 105/155 (67.7%); P = 0.016]. However, postoperative survival did not differ in the respective subgroups. In the multivariable analysis by Cox proportional hazard model, International Union against Cancer Stage IV was the only factor associated with decreased disease-specific survival (hazard ratio 28.257; 95% CI 3.850-207.386; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION In our centre, the pathologist's dedication has an impact on lymph node detection rate but does not influence postoperative disease-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L W Unger
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Muckenhuber
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Riss
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Argeny
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Stift
- Department of Pathology, Clinical, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - I Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Clinical, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Stift
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saluzzo S, Gorki AD, Rana BMJ, Martins R, Scanlon S, Starkl P, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Korosec A, Sharif O, Warszawska JM, Jolin H, Mesteri I, McKenzie ANJ, Knapp S. First-Breath-Induced Type 2 Pathways Shape the Lung Immune Environment. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1893-1905. [PMID: 28228256 PMCID: PMC5329122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From birth onward, the lungs are exposed to the external environment and therefore harbor a complex immunological milieu to protect this organ from damage and infection. We investigated the homeostatic role of the epithelium-derived alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) in newborn mice and discovered the immediate upregulation of IL-33 from the first day of life, closely followed by a wave of IL-13-producing type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which coincided with the appearance of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and their early polarization to an IL-13-dependent anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. ILC2s contributed to lung quiescence in homeostasis by polarizing tissue resident AMs and induced an M2 phenotype in transplanted macrophage progenitors. ILC2s continued to maintain the M2 AM phenotype during adult life at the cost of a delayed response to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. These data highlight the homeostatic role of ILC2s in setting the activation threshold in the lung and underline their implications in anti-bacterial defenses. The first breath triggers IL-33 induction by AEC2 in lungs of newborn mice IL-33 promotes the perinatal expansion and activation of ST2-expressing ILC2s ILC2-derived IL-13 polarizes newborn’s AMs into an M2 phenotype This homeostatic type 2 pathway delays antibacterial effector responses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saluzzo
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Batika M J Rana
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rui Martins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Seth Scanlon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Omar Sharif
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Joanna M Warszawska
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Helen Jolin
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Institute of Pathology Überlingen, Überlingen 88662, Germany
| | - Andrew N J McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1090, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lang M, Berry D, Passecker K, Mesteri I, Bhuju S, Ebner F, Sedlyarov V, Evstatiev R, Dammann K, Loy A, Kuzyk O, Kovarik P, Khare V, Beibel M, Roma G, Meisner-Kober N, Gasche C. HuR Small-Molecule Inhibitor Elicits Differential Effects in Adenomatosis Polyposis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2424-2438. [PMID: 28428272 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in immune homeostasis and various cancers, including colorectal cancer. HuR binding to AU-rich elements within the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs encoding oncogenes, growth factors, and various cytokines leads message stability and translation. In this study, we evaluated HuR as a small-molecule target for preventing colorectal cancer in high-risk groups such as those with familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human specimens, levels of cytoplasmic HuR were increased in colonic epithelial cells from patients with IBD, IBD-cancer, FAP-adenoma, and colorectal cancer, but not in patients with IBD-dysplasia. Intraperitoneal injection of the HuR small-molecule inhibitor MS-444 in AOM/DSS mice, a model of IBD and inflammatory colon cancer, augmented DSS-induced weight loss and increased tumor multiplicity, size, and invasiveness. MS-444 treatment also abrogated tumor cell apoptosis and depleted tumor-associated eosinophils, accompanied by a decrease in IL18 and eotaxin-1. In contrast, HuR inhibition in APCMin mice, a model of FAP and colon cancer, diminished the number of small intestinal tumors generated. In this setting, fecal microbiota, evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shifted to a state of reduced bacterial diversity, with an increased representation of Prevotella, Akkermansia, and Lachnospiraceae Taken together, our results indicate that HuR activation is an early event in FAP-adenoma but is not present in IBD-dysplasia. Furthermore, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for HuR inhibition as an effective means of FAP chemoprevention, with caution advised in the setting of IBD. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2424-38. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lang
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Passecker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabin Bhuju
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Ebner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyle Dammann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orest Kuzyk
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Gasche
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maier BB, Hladik A, Lakovits K, Korosec A, Martins R, Kral JB, Mesteri I, Strobl B, Müller M, Kalinke U, Merad M, Knapp S. Type I interferon promotes alveolar epithelial type II cell survival during pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and sterile lung injury in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2175-86. [PMID: 27312374 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protecting the integrity of the lung epithelial barrier is essential to ensure respiration and proper oxygenation in patients suffering from various types of lung inflammation. Type I interferon (IFN-I) has been associated with pulmonary epithelial barrier function, however, the mechanisms and involved cell types remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the importance of IFN-I with respect to its epithelial barrier strengthening function to better understand immune-modulating effects in the lung with potential medical implications. Using a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia, we revealed that IFN-I selectively protects alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECII) from inflammation-induced cell death. Mechanistically, signaling via the IFN-I receptor on AECII is sufficient to promote AECII survival. The net effects of IFN-I are barrier protection, together with diminished tissue damage, inflammation, and bacterial loads. Importantly, we found that the protective role of IFN-I can also apply to sterile acute lung injury, in which loss of IFN-I signaling leads to a significant reduction in barrier function caused by AECII cell death. Our data suggest that IFN-I is an important mediator in lung inflammation that plays a protective role by antagonizing inflammation-associated cell obstruction, thereby strengthening the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Maier
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Science, The Tisch Cancer Institute and the Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria. .,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schiefer AI, Parlow L, Gabler L, Mesteri I, Koperek O, von Deimling A, Streubel B, Preusser M, Lehmann A, Kellner U, Pauwels P, Lambin S, Dietel M, Hummel M, Klauschen F, Birner P, Möbs M. Multicenter Evaluation of a Novel Automated Rapid Detection System of BRAF Status in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:370-377. [PMID: 26921540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutated BRAF oncogene represents a therapeutic target in malignant melanoma. Because BRAF mutations are also involved in the pathogenesis of other human malignancies, the use of specific BRAF inhibitors might also be extended to other diseases in the future. A prerequisite for the clinical application of BRAF inhibitors is the reliable detection of activating BRAF mutations in routine histopathological samples. In a multicenter approach, we evaluated a novel and fully automated PCR-based system (Idylla) capable of detecting BRAF V600 mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue within 90 minutes with high sensitivity. We analyzed a total of 436 samples with the Idylla system. Valid results were obtained in 421 cases (96.56%). Its performance was compared with conventional methods (pyrosequencing or Sanger sequencing). Concordant results were obtained in 406 cases (96.90%). Reanalysis of eight discordant samples by next-generation sequencing and/or pyrosequencing with newly extracted DNA and the BRAF RGQ Kit confirmed the Idylla result in seven cases, resulting in an overall agreement of 98.57%. In conclusion, the Idylla system is a highly reliable and sensitive platform for detection of BRAF V600 mutations in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material, providing an efficient alternative to conventional diagnostic methods, particularly for routine diagnostics laboratories with limited experience in molecular pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Parlow
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Gabler
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Oskar Koperek
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, DKFZ and DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annika Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Udo Kellner
- Department of Pathology, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Suzan Lambin
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hummel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Birner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Markus Möbs
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fetahu IS, Tennakoon S, Lines KE, Gröschel C, Aggarwal A, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Mader RM, Thakker RV, Kállay E. miR-135b- and miR-146b-dependent silencing of calcium-sensing receptor expression in colorectal tumors. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:137-45. [PMID: 26178670 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mediates the antitumorigenic effects of calcium against colorectal cancer (CRC). Expression of the CaSR in colorectal tumors is often reduced. We have reported previously that silencing of CaSR in CRC is caused in part by methylation of CaSR promoter 2 and loss of histone acetylation. We investigated the impact of aberrant microRNA expression on loss of CaSR expression. A microarray study in two Caco-2 subclones (Caco2/AQ and Caco2/15) that have similar genetic background, but different CaSR expression levels (Caco2/AQ expressing more CaSR than Caco2/15), identified 22 differentially expressed microRNAs that potentially target the CaSR. We validated these results by performing gain- and loss-of-function studies with the top candidates: miR-9, miR-27a, miR-135b, and miR-146b. Modulation of miR-135b or miR-146b expression by mimicking or inhibiting their expression regulated CaSR protein levels in two different colon cancer cell lines: Caco2/AQ (moderate endogenous CaSR expression) and HT29 (low endogenous CaSR levels). Inhibition of miR-135b and miR-146b expression led to high CaSR levels and significantly reduced proliferation. In samples of colorectal tumors we observed overexpression of miR-135b and miR-146b, and this correlated inversely with CaSR expression (miR-135b: r = -0.684, p < 0.001 and miR-146b: r = -0.448, p < 0.001), supporting our in vitro findings. We demonstrate that miR-135b and miR-146b target the CaSR and reduce its expression in colorectal tumors, reducing the antiproliferative and prodifferentiating actions of calcium. This provides a new approach for finding means to prevent CaSR loss, developing better treatment strategies for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bachmayr-Heyda A, Reiner A, Auer K, Sukhbaatar N, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Mesteri I, Zeillinger R, Pils D. 134 Correlation of circular RNA abundance with proliferation – exemplified with human normal, benign and malignant tissues. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Dammann K, Khare V, Harpain F, Lang M, Kurtovic A, Mesteri I, Evstatiev R, Gasche C. PAK1 promotes intestinal tumor initiation. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:1093-101. [PMID: 26304465 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0205-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. PAK1 is a target of mesalamine [5-aminosylicylic acid (5-ASA)], a common drug for the treatment of ulcerative colitis with prospective chemopreventive properties. Here, we investigated whether PAK1 deletion impedes tumorigenesis in murine intestinal cancer models. Ten-week-old APC(min) or APC(min)/PAK1(-/-) mice were monitored for 8 weeks, euthanized, and assessed for tumor number and size. Six- to 8-week-old PAK1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice received one 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) and four cycles of 1.7% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 4 days followed by 14 days of regular water. Mice also received 5-ASA via diet. Tumor incidence and size was assessed via colonoscopy and pathology. Molecular targets of PAK1 and 5-ASA were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in both models. PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity and tumor burden but did not alter average tumor size in APC(min) mice. IHC revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced p-AKT, β-catenin, and c-Myc expression in APC(min) adenomas. Colonoscopy and pathologic analysis revealed that PAK1 deletion reduced tumor multiplicity without affecting tumor size in AOM/DSS-treated mice. 5-ASA treatment and PAK1 deletion impeded tumor multiplicity and dysplastic lesions in AOM/DSS mice. IHC further revealed that 5-ASA blocked β-catenin signaling via inhibition of PAK1/p-AKT. These data indicate that PAK1 contributes to initiation of intestinal carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Dammann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Harpain
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azra Kurtovic
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schiefer AI, Mesteri I, Berghoff AS, Haitel A, Schmidinger M, Preusser M, Birner P. Evaluation of tyrosine kinase receptors in brain metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma reveals cMet as a negative prognostic factor. Histopathology 2015; 67:799-805. [PMID: 25847631 DOI: 10.1111/his.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain metastases (BMs) of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are associated with a dismal prognosis, with limited treatment options. Tyrosine kinases are relevant 'druggable' biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tyrosine kinase receptors anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA) and cMet in a large series of ccRCC BMs. METHODS AND RESULTS ALK, EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 53 ccRCCs BMs and 12 matched primary tumours. ALK and MET gene status and copy number alterations of chromosome 7 were studied with fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). Data on the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and Ki67 and microvessel density were available from previous studies. ALK was negative in all analysed specimens. EGFR was overexpressed in 41 of 51 (80.4%) BMs and in seven of eight primary tumours, PDGFRA was overexpressed in all BMs except one and in all primary tumours, and cMet was expressed in 26 of 50 (52%) BMs and in two of seven primary tumours, and did not correlate with MET amplification or polysomy 7. cMet was the only parameter associated with significantly shorter BM-specific survival (median 8 months versus 33 months, P = 0.005, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS EGFR, PDGFRA and cMet are commonly overexpressed in ccRCC BMs. cMet overexpression correlates with significantly shorter BM-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna S Berghoff
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Haitel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Schmidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology & Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dolak W, Mesteri I, Asari R, Preusser M, Tribl B, Wrba F, Schoppmann SF, Hejna M, Trauner M, Häfner M, Püspök A. A pilot study of the endomicroscopic assessment of tumor extension in Barrett's esophagus-associated neoplasia before endoscopic resection. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E19-28. [PMID: 26134766 PMCID: PMC4423329 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Barrett's esophagus (BE) - associated neoplasia can be treated endoscopically, but accurate assessment before intervention is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the role of confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) as an adjunct in the endoscopic treatment of BE-associated neoplasia by assessing lateral tumor and subsquamous tumor (SST) extension. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the context of a prospective, single-arm pilot clinical trial, patients referred for endoscopic resection of BE-associated neoplasia (high grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma) underwent high definition, white light endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBI). Then, CLE mapping of suspected neoplastic lesions was performed by another endoscopist, partially blinded to the previous findings, before the patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), depending on lesion size and anticipated histology. RESULTS In 7 of 38 patients (18 %), CLE revealed additional neoplastic tissue compared with prior white light endoscopy and NBI: 2 concomitant lesions, 2 cases of lateral tumor extension within the Barrett's epithelium, and 3 cases of previously undetected SST extension. Overall, en bloc resection (tumor-free lateral margin) was achieved in 28 of 34 neoplastic lesions (82 %), and complete resection (tumor-free lateral and basal margins) in 21 of 34 neoplastic lesions (62 %). CONCLUSIONS CLE-assisted endoscopic resection of BE-associated neoplasia was safe and effective in this study, as proved by a high additional diagnostic yield of CLE (including visualization of occult SST extension) and a favorable rate of en bloc resection. The clinical value of CLE for assisting endoscopic therapy of BE-associated neoplasia deserves further evaluation in randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Dolak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria,Corresponding author Werner Dolak, MD Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18-201090 ViennaAustria+43 1 40400 47350
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reza Asari
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Tribl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Wrba
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian F. Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hejna
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Häfner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Püspök
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, and Gastroesophageal Tumor Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bachmayr-Heyda A, Reiner AT, Auer K, Sukhbaatar N, Aust S, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Mesteri I, Grunt TW, Zeillinger R, Pils D. Correlation of circular RNA abundance with proliferation--exemplified with colorectal and ovarian cancer, idiopathic lung fibrosis, and normal human tissues. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8057. [PMID: 25624062 PMCID: PMC4306919 DOI: 10.1038/srep08057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are a recently (re-)discovered abundant RNA species with presumed function as miRNA sponges, thus part of the competing endogenous RNA network. We analysed the expression of circular and linear RNAs and proliferation in matched normal colon mucosa and tumour tissues. We predicted >1,800 circular RNAs and proved the existence of five randomly chosen examples using RT-qPCR. Interestingly, the ratio of circular to linear RNA isoforms was always lower in tumour compared to normal colon samples and even lower in colorectal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this ratio correlated negatively with the proliferation index. The correlation of global circular RNA abundance (the circRNA index) and proliferation was validated in a non-cancerous proliferative disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, ovarian cancer cells compared to cultured normal ovarian epithelial cells, and 13 normal human tissues. We are the first to report a global reduction of circular RNA abundance in colorectal cancer cell lines and cancer compared to normal tissues and discovered a negative correlation of global circular RNA abundance and proliferation. This negative correlation seems to be a general principle in human tissues as validated with three different settings. Finally, we present a simple model how circular RNAs could accumulate in non-proliferating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bachmayr-Heyda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes T. Reiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Auer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nyamdelger Sukhbaatar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Aust
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas W. Grunt
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Pils
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Medical University of Vienna & Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Translational Oncology, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fetahu IS, Höbaus J, Aggarwal A, Hummel DM, Tennakoon S, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. Calcium-sensing receptor silencing in colorectal cancer is associated with promoter hypermethylation and loss of acetylation on histone 3. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2014-23. [PMID: 24691920 PMCID: PMC4282356 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is suggested to mediate the antiproliferative effects of calcium in colon. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC) the expression of the CaSR is silenced and the underlying mechanisms leading to its loss are poorly understood. We investigated whether loss of the CaSR expression in colorectal tumors is caused by DNA hypermethylation and imbalance of transcriptionally permissive/repressive histone alterations. We observed significantly lower CaSR mRNA expression (n = 65, p < 0.001) in colorectal tumors compared with the adjacent mucosa from the same patient. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed downregulation of the CaSR protein also. The CaSR promoter was methylated to a greater extent in tumors compared with adjacent mucosa as determined by bisulfite sequencing (n = 20, p < 0.01) and by pyrosequencing (n = 45, p < 0.001), and methylation correlated inversely with mRNA expression (n = 20, ρ = -0.310, p < 0.05 and n = 45, ρ = -0.588, p < 0.001). Treatments with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and/or with two different histone deacetylase inhibitors, trichostatin A (TSA) or suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) restored the expression of CaSR in colon cancer cells. Restored CaSR expression in Coga1A and HT29 cells was functional. Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) to prevent demethylation of mono- and dimethylated H3K4, increased CaSR expression only marginally. Our data show that hypermethylation of the CaSR promoter and H3K9 deacetylation, but not H3K4me2 demethylation are important factors that cause silencing of the CaSR in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Doris M Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharif O, Gawish R, Warszawska JM, Martins R, Lakovits K, Hladik A, Doninger B, Brunner J, Korosec A, Schwarzenbacher RE, Berg T, Kralovics R, Colinge J, Mesteri I, Gilfillan S, Salmaggi A, Verschoor A, Colonna M, Knapp S. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 inhibits complement component 1q effector mechanisms and exerts detrimental effects during pneumococcal pneumonia. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004167. [PMID: 24945405 PMCID: PMC4055749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis and inflammation within the lungs is crucial for host defense during bacterial pneumonia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-2 was proposed to negatively regulate TLR-mediated responses and enhance phagocytosis by macrophages, but the role of TREM-2 in respiratory tract infections is unknown. Here, we established the presence of TREM-2 on alveolar macrophages (AM) and explored the function of TREM-2 in the innate immune response to pneumococcal infection in vivo. Unexpectedly, we found Trem-2(-/-) AM to display augmented bacterial phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo compared to WT AM. Mechanistically, we detected that in the absence of TREM-2, pulmonary macrophages selectively produced elevated complement component 1q (C1q) levels. We found that these increased C1q levels depended on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) activity and were responsible for the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria. Upon infection with S. pneumoniae, Trem-2(-/-) mice exhibited an augmented bacterial clearance from lungs, decreased bacteremia and improved survival compared to their WT counterparts. This work is the first to disclose a role for TREM-2 in clinically relevant respiratory tract infections and demonstrates a previously unknown link between TREM-2 and opsonin production within the lungs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement C1q/genetics
- Complement C1q/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Lung/cytology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Phagocytosis
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/pathology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Survival Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
| | - Riem Gawish
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna M. Warszawska
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rui Martins
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Lakovits
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bianca Doninger
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Brunner
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Korosec
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland E. Schwarzenbacher
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Berg
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Kralovics
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Andrea Salmaggi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- CeMM - Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (OS); (SK)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mesteri I, Schoppmann SF, Preusser M, Birner P. Overexpression of CMET is associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and diminished prognosis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1354-60. [PMID: 24565853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of cMet is a promising therapeutic approach in human cancer, but few data in oesophageal cancer exist. METHODS Expression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (cMet), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) were investigated immunohistochemically in 246 oesophageal carcinomas (128 adenocarcinomas (AC); 118 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC)) and corresponding metastases in a subset of AC (n=42). Data on phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) and HER2 expression and on lymphovascular invasion (LVI) of tumour cells were available from previous studies. RESULTS Overexpression of cMet was seen in 44 (34.4%) of AC, and nine (7.6%) of SCC (p<0.001, Chi square test). In AC but not in SCC, cMet expression correlated with EGFR expression (p<0.001, Chi square test), pSTAT3 expression (p=0.01, Chi square tests) and LVI of tumour cells (p<0.001, Chi square test). Overexpression of cMet was associated with shorter disease free, disease specific and overall survival of AC patients (p<0.05, Cox regression, respectively). All cMet positive ACs in which metastases were investigated had also cMet positive lymph node and distant metastases, but 25% of cMet negative primary tumours showed cMet positive lymph node and 33% distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS CMet plays no relevant role in most oesophageal SCC. In contrast, cMet overexpression seems to be a key oncogene in about 35% of oesophageal AC, representing a highly promising therapeutic target and prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Mesteri
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna Gastroesophageal Cancers Unit (CCC-GET), Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian F Schoppmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna Gastroesophageal Cancers Unit (CCC-GET), Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna Gastroesophageal Cancers Unit (CCC-GET), Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna Gastroesophageal Cancers Unit (CCC-GET), Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Warszawska JM, Gawish R, Sharif O, Sigel S, Doninger B, Lakovits K, Mesteri I, Nairz M, Boon L, Spiel A, Fuhrmann V, Strobl B, Müller M, Schenk P, Weiss G, Knapp S. Lipocalin 2 deactivates macrophages and worsens pneumococcal pneumonia outcomes. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3363-72. [PMID: 23863624 DOI: 10.1172/jci67911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in responding to pathogens and initiate an inflammatory response to combat microbe multiplication. Deactivation of macrophages facilitates resolution of the inflammatory response. Deactivated macrophages are characterized by an immunosuppressive phenotype, but the lack of unique markers that can reliably identify these cells explains the poorly defined biological role of this macrophage subset. We identified lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as both a marker of deactivated macrophages and a macrophage deactivator. We show that LCN2 attenuated the early inflammatory response and impaired bacterial clearance, leading to impaired survival of mice suffering from pneumococcal pneumonia. LCN2 induced IL-10 formation by macrophages, skewing macrophage polarization in a STAT3-dependent manner. Pulmonary LCN2 levels were tremendously elevated during bacterial pneumonia in humans, and high LCN2 levels were indicative of a detrimental outcome from pneumonia with Gram-positive bacteria. Our data emphasize the importance of macrophage deactivation for the outcome of pneumococcal infections and highlight the role of LCN2 and IL-10 as determinants of macrophage performance in the respiratory tract.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hummel DM, Thiem U, Höbaus J, Mesteri I, Gober L, Stremnitzer C, Graça J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Kallay E. Prevention of preneoplastic lesions by dietary vitamin D in a mouse model of colorectal carcinogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:284-8. [PMID: 22982628 PMCID: PMC3695567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Western countries. One of the risk factors for colorectal tumorigenesis is vitamin D insufficiency. The aim of this study was to establish whether increasing dietary vitamin D intake can prevent or delay development of chemically induced preneoplastic lesions in the colon of mice. We fed six weeks old female C57BL/6J mice (n=28) with increasing vitamin D3 concentrations (100, 400, 1000, 2500, 5000IU/kg diet). To induce dysplasia, a preneoplastic lesion, we injected mice with the carcinogen azoxymethane (10mg/kg) intraperitoneally, followed by three cycles of 2% dextran sodium sulfate salt, a tumor promoter, in the drinking water. To test our hypothesis that high vitamin D intake prevents formation of preneoplastic lesions, we have investigated the effect of increasing dietary vitamin D on development of premalignant colorectal lesions, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-D3) levels, and expression of renal vitamin D system genes. Dietary vitamin D concentration correlated inversely with dysplasia score (Spearman's correlation coefficient, ρ: -0.579, p=0.002) and positively with serum 25-D3 levels (ρ: 0.752, p=0.001). Increasing dietary vitamin D concentration beyond 1000IU/kg led to no further increase in circulating 25-D3 levels, while the dysplasia score leveled out at ≥2500IU/kg vitamin D. High dietary vitamin D intake led to increased renal mRNA expression of the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme cyp24a1 (ρ: 0.518, p=0.005) and decreased expression of the vitamin D activating enzyme cyp27b1 (ρ: -0.452, p=0.016), protecting the body from toxic serum levels of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3). Our data showed that increasing dietary vitamin D intake is able to prevent chemically induced preneoplastic lesions. The maximum impact was achieved when the mice consumed more than 2500IU vitamin D/kg diet. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Maria Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Thiem
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Gober
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Stremnitzer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - João Graça
- AstraZeneca, 23F37 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Leitstelle 3Q, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 1 40400 5123; fax: +43 1 40400 5130.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Höbaus J, Aggarwal A, Hummel DM, Thiem U, Fetahu I, Mesteri I, Kallay E. Abstract 5383: Overexpression of the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 is caused by gene amplification and results in highly proliferative colorectal tumors. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency increases risk of colorectal cancer. Vitamin D is produced photochemically in the skin, thus, low sunlight exposure results in vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D is further processed in the liver to its storage form calcidiol (25-OH vitamin D3). Calcidiol can be activated by 1α-hydroxylation to the secosteroid hormone calcitriol (1α,25-OH vitamin D3). Although systemic levels of bioactive calcitriol are regulated by the kidneys, almost every tissue can synthesize and degrade calcitriol. Tissue calcitriol acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner and controls proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation.
In colorectal cancer, the calcidiol and calcitriol-degrading enzyme CYP24A1 is substantially overexpressed both on mRNA and protein level. High CYP24A1 levels markedly reduce the half-life of vitamin D metabolites, likely reducing the anti-tumorigenic effects of calcitriol in the tumor. The causes and consequences of this overexpression are not fully understood.
Here, we investigated gene amplification of the CYP24A1 locus (20q13.2) as a possible cause of CYP24A1 overexpression and increased proliferation as a consequence thereof. Quantitative real time PCR assays showed that approximately 60% of colorectal tumors carry CYP24A1 gene amplification (n=127). This gene amplification correlated with increased mRNA expression (ρ=0.38, p<0.001). Aberrantly high CYP24A1 expression may reduce the anti-proliferative actions of calcitriol and lead to increased proliferation. In our colorectal cancer cohort, CYP24A1 mRNA expression correlated with expression of several proliferation markers (e.g. CDC6 ρ=0.60, p<0.001).
In conclusion, our data suggest that CYP24A1 gene amplification results in increased mRNA expression in colorectal tumors. Further, high CYP24A1 expression correlates with increased proliferation, possibly caused by an inhibition of the anti-proliferative effects of calcitriol. Tumor specific inhibition of CYP24A1 may provide a future strategy to restore local vitamin D levels and its anti-tumorigenic activities.
Citation Format: Julia Höbaus, Abhishek Aggarwal, Doris M. Hummel, Ursula Thiem, Irfete Fetahu, Ildiko Mesteri, Enikö Kallay. Overexpression of the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 is caused by gene amplification and results in highly proliferative colorectal tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5383. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5383
Collapse
|
23
|
Fetahu IS, Höbaus J, Aggarwal A, Tennakoon S, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kallay E. Abstract 685: Epigenetic modulators and calcium-sensing receptor expression in colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiological studies suggest a role for calcium in prevention of colorectal cancer. The antiproliferative action of calcium in colon might be mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). The CaSR expression is lost in human colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that DNA methylation and histone modifications may be the cause of CaSR silencing in tumors.
Material and methods: We analyzed CaSR mRNA and protein expression in colorectal tumors and cell lines by real time qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. We determined the methylation pattern in the second promoter of the CaSR that contains a large CpG island by bisulfite sequencing. To induce the expression of the CaSR we treated colon tumor cell lines with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and RG108, two DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, three different histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) Trichostatin A, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate in the presence or absence of a lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor to prevent demethylation of mono- and dimethylated histone H3 lysine 4.
Results: In our patient cohort we observed significantly less CaSR mRNA expression (n=57, P<0.001) in colorectal tumors compared with adjacent mucosa from the same patient. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed downregulation of CaSR protein in tumors. The CaSR promoter was stronger methylated in tumors compared with adjacent mucosa and we found an inverse correlation between extent of methylation and mRNA expression (n=20, Spearman's rho = - 0.3, P<0.05). Treatments with 5-aza-dC and the HDACIs restored the expression of CaSR in a compound and cell line dependent manner. However, treatments with the LSD1 inhibitor caused only modest increase of CaSR expression.
Conclusion: In summary, DNA methylation and histone deacetylation seem to be important factors in silencing the expression of CaSR in colorectal cancer, although additional mechanism or factors might be also involved.
Citation Format: Irfete Sh. Fetahu, Julia Höbaus, Abhishek Aggarwal, Samawansha Tennakoon, Ildiko Mesteri, Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer, Enikoe Kallay. Epigenetic modulators and calcium-sensing receptor expression in colorectal cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 685. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-685
Collapse
|
24
|
Hummel DM, Höbaus J, Thiem U, Graca J, Mesteri I, Gober L, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Kallay E. Abstract 4870: High dietary vitamin D prevents dysplastic lesions in an AOM/DSS model of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle have an important impact on the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D might have chemopreventive effects.
In this study we investigated the effect of increasing dietary vitamin D3 intake on chemically induced colorectal tumor development in mice.
We fed female C57BL/6J mice with a diet containing five different vitamin D3 concentrations ranging from 100 to 5000 IU/kg diet and studied the impact of dietary vitamin D3 on the development of chemically induced colonic dysplasia, a precursor of CRC. To induce dysplasia, we injected mice once with 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) intraperitoneally, followed by three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate salt (DSS) in the drinking water. Dietary vitamin D3 concentration correlated positively with 25(OH)D3 serum levels (Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC) 0.752, p<0.001). Both dietary vitamin D3 concentration and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels correlated inversely with the dysplasia score (SCC -0.579, p=0.002; SCC -0.618, p=0.001). Dysplastic regions expressed less vitamin D receptor while the proliferation marker Ki67 was significantly higher expressed in regions with high grade dysplasia compared with the respective normal mucosa of the same colon.
Our data show that high dietary vitamin D3 concentrations reduce the development of chemically induced precursors of colorectal cancer in mice.
Citation Format: Doris M. Hummel, Julia Höbaus, Ursula Thiem, Joao Graca, Ildiko Mesteri, Lukas Gober, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Enikö Kallay. High dietary vitamin D prevents dysplastic lesions in an AOM/DSS model of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4870. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4870
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joao Graca
- 2Astra Zeneca, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lukas Gober
- 1Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Höbaus J, Hummel DM, Thiem U, Fetahu IS, Aggarwal A, Müllauer L, Heller G, Egger G, Mesteri I, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kallay E. Increased copy-number and not DNA hypomethylation causes overexpression of the candidate proto-oncogene CYP24A1 in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1380-8. [PMID: 23463632 PMCID: PMC3807607 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC) the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) is overexpressed with a potentially significant, positive impact on the catabolism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3). However, the underlying mechanism of CYP24A1 overexpression is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated possible causes including hypomethylation of the CYP24A1 promoter, amplification of the CYP24A1 gene locus (20q13.2), and altered expression of CYP24A1-specific transcription factors. We quantified CYP24A1 gene copy-number, performed bisulfite sequencing of the CYP24A1 promoter to assess DNA methylation, and measured mRNA expression of CYP24A1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR). We found that 77 (60%) out of 127 colorectal tumors showed increased CYP24A1 gene copy-number and that more than 6 copies of CYP24A1 correlated positively with CYP24A1 mRNA expression suggestive of a causal relationship. No differences in CYP24A1 promoter methylation were found between tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa from the same patient or between tissues with high or low mRNA expression, thus excluding DNA hypomethylation as a possible cause of CYP24A1 overexpression in CRC. Furthermore, mRNA expression of several factors involved in replication licensing positively correlated with CYP24A1 mRNA expression, raising the possibility that CYP24A1 overexpression might favor increased proliferation in tumors by suppressing local 1,25-D3 levels. We conclude that high copy-number gain is a key determinant of CYP24A1 overexpression in CRC. Other postulated causes of CYP24A1 overexpression including promoter hypomethylation and enhanced VDR and/or RXR expression do not appear to be involved. What’s new? Recently, it has been suggested that the association between colorectal cancer and reduced levels of circulating vitamin D may be related to overexpression of the vitamin D-catabolizing enzyme, CYP24A1 in the tumor. In this search for a mechanistic explanation, increased CYP24A1 gene copy number was associated with the enzyme’s overexpression in 60 percent of colorectal tumors, and expression was correlated strongly with proliferation markers. The findings suggest that CYP24A1 overexpression is likely to deplete tumor calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) levels, possibly increasing the proliferative potential of the tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Heindl A, Seewald AK, Thalhammer T, Bises G, Schepelmann M, Uhrova H, Dekan S, Mesteri I, Rogojanu R, Ellinger I. Automated REcognition of tissue-associated erythrocytes (ARETE)-a new tool in tissue cytometry. Cytometry A 2013; 83:363-74. [PMID: 23401225 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Automated microscopic image analysis of immunofluorescence-stained targets on tissue sections is challenged by autofluorescent elements such as erythrocytes, which might interfere with target segmentation and quantification. Therefore, we developed an automated system (Automated REcognition of Tissue-associated Erythrocytes; ARETE) for in silico exclusion of erythrocytes. To detect erythrocytes in transmission images, a cascade of boosted decision trees of Haar-like features was trained on 8,640/4,000 areas (15 × 15 pixels) with/without erythrocytes from images of placental sections (4 µm). Ground truth data were generated on 28 transmission images. At least two human experts labelled the area covered by erythrocytes. For validation, output masks of human experts and ARETE were compared pixel-wise against a mask obtained from majority voting of human experts. F1 score, specificity, and Cohen's κ coefficients were calculated. To study the influence of erythrocyte-derived autofluorescence, we investigated the expression levels of a protein (receptor for advanced glycated end products; RAGE) in placenta and number of Ki-67-positive/cytokeratin 8-positive epithelial cells in colon sections. ARETE exhibited high sensitivity (99.87%) and specificity (99.81%) on a training-subset and processed transmission images (1,392 × 1,024 pixels) within 4 sec. ARETE and human expert's F1-scores were 0.55 versus 0.76, specificities 0.85 versus 0.92 and Cohen's κ coefficients 0.41 versus 0.68. A ranking of Cohen's κ coefficient by the scale of Fleiss certified "good agreement" between ARETE and the human experts. Applying ARETE, we demonstrated 4-14% false-positive RAGE-expression in placenta, and 18% falsely detected proliferative epithelial cells in colon, caused by erythrocyte-autofluorescence. ARETE is a fast system for in silico reduction of erythrocytes, which improves automated image analysis in research and diagnostic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Heindl
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lenglinger J, Riegler M, Cosentini E, Asari R, Mesteri I, Wrba F, Schoppmann SF. Review on the annual cancer risk of Barrett's esophagus in persons with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:5465-5473. [PMID: 23225453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma results from gastroesophageal reflux and develops along a sequence involving non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (NDBE), low- (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD). We aimed to examine the reported annual cancer risk for NDBE in persons with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, i.e. symptomatic NDBE. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study reviewed seven population-based studies and five meta-analyses on the annual cancer risk of symptomatic NDBE published between 2006-2012. RESULTS The published annual cancer risk of symptomatic NDBE ranges from 0.12-0.5% and 0.33-0.7% in population-based studies and meta-analyses, respectively. Risk factors for cancer development include male gender, age >60 years, length of endoscopically visible columnar lined esophagus (CLE) >3.0 cm, size of the hiatal hernia, progression to LGD/HGD and past history of cigarette smoking. The mean time-to-cancer development is 5 years and ranges from 2 to 15 years. Age at the diagnosis of symptomatic NDBE and cancer development plateaus around 50 and 60 years of age, respectively. Symptomatic NDBE does not affect the life expectancy, when compared to the general population. The majority of patients with NDBE do not die due to esophageal adenocarcinoma but due to comorbidity (cardiorespiratory, neurological, other cancer). The risk and prognosis of asymptomatic NDBE remains unknown. CONCLUSION The published annual cancer risk for symptomatic NDBE is low. However, demographic and endoscopic data contribute to define a subgroup of patients with symptomatic NDBE with a cancer risk comparable to LGD, where elimination within controlled trials seems justified (radiofrequency ablation). Future efforts should extend towards asymptomatic NDBE, the major cause for cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lenglinger
- University Clinic of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna Medical University Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Siller-Matula JM, Miller I, Gemeiner M, Plasenzotti R, Bayer G, Mesteri I, Fabry A, Petroczi K, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, Planchon S, Renaut J, Quehenberger P, Selzer E, Jilma B. Continuous thrombin infusion leads to a bleeding phenotype in sheep. Thromb Res 2012; 130:226-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Schoppmann SF, Berghoff AS, Jesch B, Zacherl J, Nirtl N, Jomrich G, Maroske F, Streubel B, Mesteri I, Birner P. Expression of podoplanin is a rare event in sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumors and does not influence prognosis. Future Oncol 2012; 8:859-66. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Podoplanin overexpression is associated with worse prognosis in several human cancers. In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) very few data on the expression of podoplanin exist, but it seems to be frequently overexpressed in pediatric/syndromic GISTs. We investigated podoplanin expression and its clinical relevance in a large series of sporadic GISTs. Methods: Podoplanin expression was determined immunohistochemically in 145 sporadic adult GISTs. Aneuploidies of 1p36 and 1q25 were investigated using FISH, and KIT and PDGFRA genes were investigated by sequencing. Results: Overexpression of podoplanin was observed in eight (5.6%) GISTs and no association with amplification of 1p36 or KIT or PDGFRA mutations was seen. The amount of podoplanin expression was not associated with clinical risk factors or patient survival. Conclusion: Overexpression of podoplanin is a rare event in sporadic GISTs and is not associated with amplification of 1p36 or with KIT or PDGFRA mutations, which indicates limited pathobiological or clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Schoppmann
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bettina Jesch
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zacherl
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Nirtl
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Jomrich
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Maroske
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Berthold Streubel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Department of Surgery, Upper GI Research Unit, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nemeth C, Humpeler S, Kallay E, Mesteri I, Svoboda M, Rögelsperger O, Klammer N, Thalhammer T, Ekmekcioglu C. Decreased expression of the melatonin receptor 1 in human colorectal adenocarcinomas. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2011; 25:531-542. [PMID: 22217986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, there is evidence for impaired melatonin secretion in human breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally, several studies revealed a modulated expression of the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1), in human breast cancer specimens. Since melatonin binding sites were already identified in the human intestine, our aim is to identify the expression and to characterize the localization of the MT1 receptor in the human colon and in particular to compare MT1 expression levels between non-malignant and malignant colonic tissue. We assessed MT1 transcript levels with real time RT-PCR in colon adenocarcinomas and the adjacent normal colonic mucosa of 39 patients and observed a significant decrease of MT1 mRNA expression in colorectal cancer compared with the healthy adjacent mucosa tissue (0.67 mean difference, P < 0.0001). The results were confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analysis and by immunohistochemistry. MT1 was localized mainly supranuclear in colonic epithelial cells lining the crypts. We also evaluated mRNA expression of different clock genes in the colon samples and found a significant correlation between MT1 and Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) expression (P < 0.01 for normal and P < 0.05 for tumour tissue). In conclusion, the decreased expression of MT1 in human colorectal cancer could point to a role of melatonin in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nemeth
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zivkovic A, Sharif O, Stich K, Doninger B, Biaggio M, Colinge J, Bilban M, Mesteri I, Hazemi P, Lemmens-Gruber R, Knapp S. TLR 2 and CD14 Mediate Innate Immunity and Lung Inflammation to Staphylococcal Panton–Valentine Leukocidin In Vivo. J I 2010; 186:1608-17. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Siller-Matula JM, Bayer G, Bergmeister H, Quehenberger P, Petzelbauer P, Friedl P, Mesteri I, Jilma B. An experimental model to study isolated effects of thrombin in vivo. Thromb Res 2010; 126:454-61. [PMID: 20869757 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to a recognized role in the coagulation cascade and haemostasis, thrombin is known to have multiple functions. We hypothesized that protracted intravenous infusion of thrombin at steady state will allow to study isolated thrombin effects in vivo. METHODS Thrombin (0.05-0.9U/kg/min) was continuously infused in Sprague Dawley rats over five hours (n=38). The study consisted of three parts: dose escalation (n=21), dose verification (n=5) and a parallel group study to investigate whether thrombin effects can be antagonised by concomitant infusion of lepirudin (n=12). RESULTS A thrombin dose of 0.9U/kg/min decreased platelet counts by 70% compared to the control group (median 230×10^9/L vs. 752×10^9/L; p=0.041). In accordance, infusion of 0.9U/kg/min of thrombin decreased fibrinogen level by 75% compared to the control group (56mg/dl vs. 220mg/dl; p=0.046). Cumulative thrombin doses of ≥0.1U/kg/min caused bleedings but not thromboembolic events. Thrombin at doses ≥0.15U/kg/min was lethal in four cases (30%). Platelet counts and fibrinogen levels after thrombin infusion correlated with bleeding events and mortality. Administration of thrombin at cumulative doses of 0.3-0.9U/kg/min was associated with a 3 to 6.5 -fold increase in IL-6 levels (139-306pg/ml vs. 47pg/ml, p<0.05). In contrast, thrombin infusion did not alter other markers of inflammation (IL-10, MCP-1 or TNF-alpha). In addition, lepirudin prevented thrombin- induced thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION Protracted intravenous infusion of thrombin offers a new experimental model, where consumption of fibrinogen and platelets correlates with bleedings and mortality. Infusion of thrombin increased only IL-6 levels but not other cytokines.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rogojanu R, Mesteri I, Ellinger I, Talhammer T, Kallay E, Heindl A, Seewald A, Bises G. 416 Characterization and quantification of macrophages in colorectal cancer by an automated cell system. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
34
|
Schabbauer G, Matt U, Günzl P, Warszawska J, Furtner T, Hainzl E, Elbau I, Mesteri I, Doninger B, Binder BR, Knapp S. Myeloid PTEN promotes inflammation but impairs bactericidal activities during murine pneumococcal pneumonia. J Immunol 2010; 185:468-76. [PMID: 20505137 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase has been described as an essential signaling component involved in the chemotactic cell influx that is required to eliminate pathogens. At the same time, PI3K was reported to modulate the immune response, thus limiting the magnitude of acute inflammation. The precise role of the PI3K pathway and its endogenous antagonist phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) during clinically relevant bacterial infections is still poorly understood. Utilizing mice lacking myeloid cell-specific PTEN, we studied the impact of PTEN on the immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Survival analysis disclosed that PTEN-deficient mice displayed less severe signs of disease and prolonged survival. The inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae was greatly reduced in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil influx to the lungs was significantly impaired in animals lacking myeloid-cell PTEN, whereas the additional observation of improved phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages lacking PTEN ultimately resulted in unaltered lung CFUs following bacterial infection. Together, the absence of myeloid cell-associated PTEN and consecutively enhanced PI3K activity dampened pulmonary inflammation, reduced neutrophil influx, and augmented phagocytic properties of macrophages, which ultimately resulted in decreased tissue injury and improved survival during murine pneumococcal pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Schabbauer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Biomolecular Medicine and Pharmacology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Matt U, Warszawska JM, Bauer M, Dietl W, Mesteri I, Doninger B, Haslinger I, Schabbauer G, Perkmann T, Binder CJ, Reingruber S, Petzelbauer P, Knapp S. Bβ15–42Protects against Acid-induced Acute Lung Injury and SecondaryPseudomonasPneumoniaIn Vivo. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200904-0626oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|