126
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Moscovici C. Leukemic transformation with avian myeloblastosis virus: present status. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1975; 71:79-101. [PMID: 172289 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-66193-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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127
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Koestner A. Primary lymphoreticuloses of the nervous system in animals. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1975; Suppl 6:85-9. [PMID: 168723 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08456-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoreticular proliferative disorders occur in most species of animals including submammalian vertebrates but only occasionally affect the nervous system. Primary lymphoreticular disorders of the nervous system have been recognized in chickens as a herpesvirus-induced avian neurolymphomatosis and in mammals, patricularly in the dog, as reticulum cell sarcomas originating from perivascular mesenchymal precursor cells. Criteria have been discussed to distinguish neoplastic from inflammatory lymphoreticuloses but borderline cases exist where a clear distinction is not always possible.
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128
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Lapis K, Beard D, Beard JW. Transplantation of hepatomas induced in the avian liver by MC29 leukosis virus. Cancer Res 1975; 35:132-8. [PMID: 162857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A hepatomatous growth derived from primary liver tumors induced in chickens by i.v. inoculation with MC29 leukosis virus has been established and maintained in the avian host. Hepatoma tissue transplanted into the abdominal cavity in a total of 278 chicks in 35 experiments yielded tumors in 222 animals (80%). The i.m. implantation in 69 birds in 7 experiments resulted in growth in 67 chicks (97%). Tumor tissue introduced inadvertently into the s.c. tissue likewise grew very rapidly. Histological and cytological features of the transplants in all sites showed preservation of the morphological characteristics of the original primary liver tumors through repeated passages. The properties of this first transplantable hepatoma derived from virus-induced primary liver tumors are compared with those of other transplantable hepatomas.
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129
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Schafer W, Hunsmann G, Moennig V, Noranha F, Bolognesi DP, Green RW, Hüper G. Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. II Characterization of murine leukemia virus polypeptide (p 15) bearing interspecies reactivity. Virology 1975; 63:48-59. [PMID: 46125 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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130
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Bellamy AR, Gillies SC, Harvey JD. Molecular weight of two oncornavirus genomes: derivation from particle molecular weights and RNA content. J Virol 1974; 14:1388-93. [PMID: 4372402 PMCID: PMC355666 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.14.6.1388-1393.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sedimentation analysis and intensity fluctuation spectroscopy have been used in conjunction with the Svedberg equation to determine the particle molecular weights of Rous sarcoma virus (Prague strain) and avian myeloblastosis virus (BAI strain). The molecular weights of these two viruses are (294 +/- 20) x 10(6) and (256 +/- 18) x 10(6), respectively. Values for the molecular weight of the RNA contained in each particle have been calculated as (5.58 +/- 0.5) x 10(6) and (5.88 +/- 0.5) x 10(6). Since the proportion of the viral RNA represented by 4 to 7S low-molecular-weight material is known, the molecular weight of the 60 to 70S genomes may be calculated to lie in the range (3.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.8 +/- 0.4) x 10(6) for both particles. These estimates for the molecular weight of the 60 to 70S genome are much lower than previous estimates and fall within the range of current estimates of the size of a single 35S subunit. The implications of this finding are discussed in terms of current theories for the structure of the genome of RNA tumor viruses.
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131
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Baltimore D, Verma IM, Drost S, Mason WS. Temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase from Rous sarcoma virus mutants. Cancer 1974; 34:suppl:1395-7. [PMID: 4370959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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132
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Stromberg K. Structural studies of avian myeloblastosis virus: absence of leukemogenic activity of the core component. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1974; 146:1111-3. [PMID: 4370818 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-146-38255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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133
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Bonar RA, Paulson DF. Response of chick-embryo kidney cells in vitro to two avian tumor viruses. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53:711-8. [PMID: 4370343 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/53.3.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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134
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Fourcade A, Huynh T, Lacour F. Transfection of chicken embryo cells with DNA extracted from avian virus-producing neoplastic cells. J Virol 1974; 14:407-11. [PMID: 4369392 PMCID: PMC355531 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.14.3.407-411.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA isolated from avian virus-producing leukemic myeloblasts induced the production of viruses, but not morphological transformation, in cultivated chicken fibroblasts. The recovered virus had the same biological characteristics as the original avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) and produced myeloblastosis and nephroblastomas when injected into chickens. Neutralization experiments with chicken anti-AMV-BAI strain A sera showed an antigenic community between the DNA-transfected virus and the original virus. Virus induced in fibroblasts after treatment with DNA from a viral nephroblastic nephroblastoma line only gave nephroblastoma when injected into chicken. Treatment of chicken embryo cells with DNA extracted from normal chicken embryos did not induce viral production.
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135
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Luftig RB, McMillan PN, Culbreth K, Bolognesi DP. A determination of the outer dimensions of oncornaviruses by several electron microscopic procedures. Cancer Res 1974; 34:1694-706. [PMID: 4134292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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136
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Shoyab M, Evans RM, Baluda MA. Presence in leukemic cells of avian myeloblastosis virus-specific DNA sequences absent in normal chicken cells. J Virol 1974; 14:47-9. [PMID: 4365719 PMCID: PMC355476 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.14.1.47-49.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(3)H-labeled 35S RNA from purified avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) was exhaustively hybridized with an excess of normal chicken DNA to remove all viral RNA sequences which are complementary to DNA from uninfected cells. The [(3)H]RNA which failed to hybridize was isolated by hydroxylapatite column chromatography which separates DNA-RNA hybrids from single-stranded [(3)H]RNA. The residual RNA hybridized to leukemic chicken DNA but did not rehybridize with normal chicken DNA. This demonstrates conclusively that DNA from AMV-induced leukemic cells contain viral-specific sequences which are absent in DNA from normal cells.
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137
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Langlois AJ, Lapis K, Ishizaki R, Beard JW, Bolognesi DP. Isolation of a transplantable cell line induced by the MC29 avian leukosis virus. Cancer Res 1974; 34:1457-64. [PMID: 4363662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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138
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Marotta CA, Forget BG, Weissman SM, Verma IM, McCaffrey RP, Baltimore D. Nucleotide sequences of human globin messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:2300-4. [PMID: 4135409 PMCID: PMC388440 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.6.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Globin messenger RNA, isolated from human peripheral blood reticulocytes, was transcribed into complementary DNA by use of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. The complementary DNA was then transcribed into (32)P-labeled complementary RNA by E. coli RNA polymerase in the presence of alpha-(32)P-labeled ribonucleoside triphosphates. The fingerprint pattern obtained from ribonuclease T1 digests of human globin complementary RNA was specific and reproducible. Different patterns were obtained from digests of duck, mouse, and rabbit globin complementary RNA. The fingerprint patterns obtained from digests of purified natural human 10S globin messenger RNA, labeled in vitro with (125)I or with [gamma-(32)P]ATP and polynucleotide kinase, were similar to that of the complementary RNA but contained some additional oligonucleotides. Sufficient nucleotide sequence information has been obtained from about 50% of the intermediate sized oligonucleotides (8-14 base residues long), to make possible examination of correspondence between these nucleotide sequences and globin amino-acid sequences. Approximately 70% of these oligonucleotide sequences can be matched to unique amino-acid sequences in the alpha- or beta-globin chains. The other 30% do not match known amino-acid sequences and presumably correspond to untranslated portions of the mRNA; some of these sequences, however, can be matched to amino-acid sequence in the abnormally long segment of the alpha chain of hemoglobin Constant Spring, which is thought to result from a chain-termination mutation.
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139
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Weber GH, Heine U, Cottler-Fox M, Beaudreau GS. Visualization of single-stranded nucleic acid of RNA tumor virus with the electron microscope. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:1887-90. [PMID: 4365574 PMCID: PMC388347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.5.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
60-70S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus was spread with the Kleinschmidt method and examined in the electron microscope after being subjected to a variety of denaturing conditions. Extension of the molecules from a collapsed configuration was seen only under stringent denaturing conditions, resulting in molecules of 1-2 mum in length. Longer strands of these extremely fragile molecules cannot be obtained with the methods presently available.
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140
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Abstract
The intracellular synthesis and integration of viral DNA (vDNA) into the host cell genome was studied in cultured chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with avian sarcoma or leukemia viruses. The newly synthesized vDNA was detected by hybridization with 70S viral RNA. Extraction of infected cell DNA by the selective procedure of Hirt resulted in the enrichment of newly synthesized vDNA in the low molecular weight supernatant fraction while leaving the bulk of cellular DNA containing integrated vDNA in the high molecular weight pellet fraction. This approach led to detection of intracellular vDNA synthesis within 1 h after infection and to vDNA integration into cellular DNA within 24 h. There was a several-fold increase in the vDNA content of infected cells during the initial phase of virus infection. But only a part of this newly synthesized vDNA appeared to become covalently linked with high molecular weight cellular DNA. Most of the remaining unintegrated vDNA gradually disappeared. The sedimentation profiles of minimally sheared cellular DNA in alkaline sucrose velocity gradients suggest that vDNA is synthesized as free linear molecules of approximately 3 x 10(6) daltons which subsequently are covalently linked to host cell DNA.
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141
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Verger C, Imbenotte J, Delain E, Harel J. [Infection by avian myeloblastosis virus, rapidly labeled polysomal heavy RNA biosynthesis and cell differentiations]. Biochimie 1974; 56:373-81. [PMID: 4368162 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(74)80145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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142
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Silva RF, Dodge WH, Moscovici C. The role of humoral factors in the regression of leukemia in chickens as measured by in vitro colony formation. J Cell Physiol 1974; 83:187-91. [PMID: 4362693 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040830204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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143
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Steggles AW, Wilson GN, Kantor JA, Picciano DJ, Falvey AK, Anderson WF. Cell-free transcription of mammalian chromatin: transcription of globin messenger RNA sequences from bone-marrow chromatin with mammalian RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:1219-23. [PMID: 4364529 PMCID: PMC388196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A mammalian cell-free transcriptional system was developed in which mammalian RNA polymerase synthesizes globin messenger RNA sequences from bone-marrow chromatin. The messenger RNA sequences are detected by measurement of the ability of the transcribed RNA to hybridize with globin complementary DNA. The globin complementary DNA is synthesized by the enzyme from avian myeloblastosis virus, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, with purified globin messenger RNA as template. The specificity of the globin complementary DNA in annealing reactions was verified by preparing DNA complementary to liver messenger RNA and showing that the globin and liver complementary DNAs are specific for their own messenger RNAs. Both DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from sheep liver and RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli can transcribe globin messenger RNA sequences from rabbit bone-marrow chromatin; however, the mammalian enzyme appears to be more specific in that globin gene sequences represent a higher proportion of the RNA synthesized. Neither polymerase can transcribe globin messenger RNA sequences from rabbit-liver chromatin. This cell-free assay system should be useful in searching for mammalian transcriptional regulatory factors.
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144
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Zasukhina GD, L'vova GN, Matusevich LL. [Mechanism of viral variability. Spontaneous mutation process in Western equine encephalomyelitis virus in cells with active and defective repair systems]. Vopr Virusol 1974:76-8. [PMID: 4374814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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145
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Modak MJ, Marcus SL, Cavalieri LF. Synthesis of DNA complementary to AMV RNA using E. coli polymerase I. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 56:247-55. [PMID: 4362942 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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146
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147
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Abstract
A colony of transformed cells was isolated from chick-embryo cells infected with a stock of nondefective Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus. The virus recovered from this colony was a stable defective mutant very similar to the Bryan strain of Rous sarcoma virus in the following characteristics: (i) noninfectiousness of virus particles released from transformed cells that lack helper factor; (ii) formation of infectious pseudotypes by coinfection with avian leukosis virus or by interaction with endogenous-helper factor in chicken cells; (iii) ability of the noninfectious form of virus to transform chick-embryo cells in the presence of ultraviolet light-inactivated Sendai virus; (iv) absence of glycoprotein in the noninfectious form; (v) failure to produce nondefective virus by recombination with avian leukosis virus; and (vi) segregation of polymerase-negative virus. The morphology of transformed cells is characteristic of those infected by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain. The demonstration of segregation of such a defective virus from nondefective sarcoma virus and failure to detect revertants of this mutant suggest that the deletion of some genes may be involved in this mutation.
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148
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Barbarese E, Sauerwein H, Simpkins H. Alterations in the surface glycoproteins of chicken erythrocytes following transformation with erythroblastosis strain R virus. J Membr Biol 1973; 13:129-42. [PMID: 4360397 DOI: 10.1007/bf01868224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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149
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Trávnícek M, Ríman J. Subunits of oncornavirus high-molecular-weight RNA. II. Detection of double-stranded-regions in 60S AMV (avian myeloblastosis virus) RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 54:1347-55. [PMID: 4356817 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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150
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Markham PD, Baluda MA. Integrated state of oncornavirus DNA in normal chicken cells and in cells transformed by avian myeloblastosis virus. J Virol 1973; 12:721-32. [PMID: 4359950 PMCID: PMC356690 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.12.4.721-732.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The covalent linkage of oncornavirus-specific DNA to chicken DNA was investigated in normal chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and in virus-producing leukemic cells transformed by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The virus-specific sequences present in cellular DNA fractionated by different methods were detected by DNA-RNA hybridization by using 70S AMV RNA as a probe. In CEF and in leukemic cells, the viral DNA appeared to be present only in the nucleus. After cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density equilibrium sedimentation, the viral DNA was present as linear, double-stranded molecules not separable from linear chicken DNA. After extraction by the Hirt procedure, the viral DNA precipitated with the high-molecular-weight DNA. After alkaline sucrose velocity sedimentation, the viral DNA cosedimented with the high-molecular-weight cellular DNA. The results indicate that in both types of cells studied, the oncornavirus-specific DNA sequences were linked by alkali stable bonds to nuclear cellular DNA of high molecular weight and did not appear to be present in free form of any size.
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