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PATERSON HE, MCINTOSH BM. Further Studies on the Chikungunya Outbreak in Southern Rhodesia in 1962. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016; 58:52-5. [PMID: 14147665 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1964.11686214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sehgal VN, Riyaz N, Parish LC. Chikungunya. Skinmed 2016; 14:12-15. [PMID: 27072722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Zárate A. [Comment on "Response to the comment "Neither chikungunya nor chikunguña: chicunguña"]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2015; 53:535. [PMID: 26383797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Ramiro-H M, Álvarez I. [Response to the comment "neither chikungunya nor chikunguña: chicunguña"]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2015; 53:264. [PMID: 25984629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Ramiro MH, Alvarez I. [Why chikunguña instead of chikungunya?]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2015; 53:129. [PMID: 25920110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Nau JY. [Potential vaccine candidates against Ebola and the first vaccine against chikungunya virus infection]. REVUE MEDICALE SUISSE 2014; 10:1570-1571. [PMID: 25272676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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George SL. Chikungunya update. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2014; 111:343. [PMID: 25211866 PMCID: PMC6179478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Nothias-Scaglia LF, Retailleau P, Paolini J, Pannecouque C, Neyts J, Dumontet V, Roussi F, Leyssen P, Costa J, Litaudon M. Jatrophane diterpenes as inhibitors of chikungunya virus replication: structure-activity relationship and discovery of a potent lead. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1505-12. [PMID: 24926807 DOI: 10.1021/np500271u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided purification of an EtOAc extract of the whole plant of Euphorbia amygdaloides ssp. semiperfoliata using a chikungunya virus-cell-based assay led to the isolation of six new (1-4, 9, and 10) and six known (5-7, 8, 11, and 12) jatrophane esters. Their planar structures and relative configurations were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations by X-ray analysis. These compounds were investigated for selective antiviral activity against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus, Sindbis virus, and HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses. Compound 3 was found to be the most potent and selective inhibitor of the replication of CHIKV and of HIV-1 and HIV-2 (EC50 = 0.76, IC50 = 0.34 and 0.043 μM, respectively). A preliminary structure-activity relationship study demonstrated that potency and selectivity are very sensitive to the substitution pattern on the jatrophane skeleton. Although replication strategies of CHIK and HIV viruses are quite different, the mechanism of action by which these compounds act may involve a similar target for both viruses. The present results provide additional support for a previous hypothesis that the anti-CHIKV activity could involve a PKC-dependent mechanism.
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Kumar N, Gupta V, Thomas N. Brownie-nose: hyperpigmentation in neonatal chikungunya. Indian Pediatr 2014; 51:419. [PMID: 24953593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Rudolph KE, Lessler J, Moloney RM, Kmush B, Cummings DAT. Incubation periods of mosquito-borne viral infections: a systematic review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:882-91. [PMID: 24639305 PMCID: PMC4015582 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are a major public health threat, but their incubation periods are typically uncited, non-specific, and not based on data. We systematically review the published literature on six mosquito-borne viruses selected for their public health importance: chikungunya, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. For each, we identify the literature's consensus on the incubation period, evaluate the evidence for this consensus, and provide detailed estimates of the incubation period and distribution based on published experimental and observational data. We abstract original data as doubly interval-censored observations. Assuming a log-normal distribution, we estimate the median incubation period, dispersion, 25th and 75th percentiles by maximum likelihood. We include bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for each estimate. For West Nile and yellow fever viruses, we also estimate the 5th and 95th percentiles of their incubation periods.
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Shchelkanov MI, L'vov DK, Kolobukhina LV, Al'khovskiĭ SV, Shchetinin AM, Saĭfullin MA, Kruzhkova IS, Aristova VA, Morozova TV, Samokhvalov EI, Gushchina EA, Klimenko SM, Arsen'eva TV, Ambrosi OE, Bazarova MV, Malyshev NA. [Isolation of the Chikungunya virus in Moscow from the Indonesian visitor (September, 2013)]. Vopr Virusol 2014; 59:28-34. [PMID: 25335416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of the virological identification of the Chikungunya fever case in Moscow (September, 2013) in an Indonesian visitor are presented. The clinic, electron microscopy, and molecular genetic data are discussed. The Ghikungunya virus (CHIKV) strain CHIKVILEIV-Moscow/1/2013 belonging to the Asian genotype (ID GenBank KF872195) was deposited into the Russian State Collection of viruses (GKV 1239; 18.11.2013).
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Wangchuk S, Chinnawirotpisan P, Dorji T, Tobgay T, Dorji T, Yoon IK, Fernandez S. Chikungunya fever outbreak, Bhutan, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1681-4. [PMID: 24047543 PMCID: PMC3810753 DOI: 10.3201/eid1910.130453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was reported for the first time in Bhutan. IgM ELISA results were positive for 36/210 patient samples; PCR was positive for 32/81. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Bhutan CHIKV belongs to the East/Central/South African genotype. Appropriate responses to future outbreaks require a system of surveillance and improved laboratory capacity.
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Wadhwani GG. Homeopathic drug therapy. Homeopathy in Chikungunya Fever and Post-Chikungunya Chronic Arthritis: an observational study. HOMEOPATHY 2014; 102:193-8. [PMID: 23870379 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the effect of homeopathic therapy in Chikungunya Fever (CF) and in Post-Chikungunya Chronic Arthritis (PCCA) in a primary health care setting. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at Delhi Government Homeopathic Dispensary, Aali Village, New Delhi, India, for a period of 6 months, from 1st October 2010 to 31st March 2011. 126 patients (75 CF, 51 PCCA) were enrolled based on predefined inclusion criteria. A single homeopathic medicine was prescribed for each patient after case taking with the help of Materia Medica and/or Repertory. Results were evaluated on the basis of visual analogue scale and symptom scores. RESULTS Complete recovery was seen in 84.5% CF cases in a mean time of 6.8 days. 90% cases of PCCA recovered completely in a mean time of 32.5 days. CONCLUSION Homeopathic therapy may be effective in CF and PCCA. A randomized controlled trial should be considered.
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Olagnier D, Scholte FEM, Chiang C, Albulescu IC, Nichols C, He Z, Lin R, Snijder EJ, van Hemert MJ, Hiscott J. Inhibition of dengue and chikungunya virus infections by RIG-I-mediated type I interferon-independent stimulation of the innate antiviral response. J Virol 2014; 88:4180-94. [PMID: 24478443 PMCID: PMC3993760 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03114-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED RIG-I is a cytosolic sensor critically involved in the activation of the innate immune response to RNA virus infection. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a RIG-I agonist on the replication of two emerging arthropod-borne viral pathogens, dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), for which no therapeutic options currently exist. We demonstrate that when a low, noncytotoxic dose of an optimized 5'triphosphorylated RNA (5'pppRNA) molecule was administered, RIG-I stimulation generated a robust antiviral response against these two viruses. Strikingly, 5'pppRNA treatment before or after challenge with DENV or CHIKV provided protection against infection. In primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells, the RIG-I agonist blocked both primary infection and antibody-dependent enhancement of DENV infection. The protective response against DENV and CHIKV induced by 5'pppRNA was dependent on an intact RIG-I/MAVS/TBK1/IRF3 axis and was largely independent of the type I IFN response. Altogether, this in vitro analysis of the antiviral efficacy of 5'pppRNA highlights the therapeutic potential of RIG-I agonists against emerging viruses such as DENV and CHIKV. IMPORTANCE DENV and CHIKV are two reemerging mosquito-borne viruses for which no therapeutic options currently exist. Both viruses overlap geographically in tropical regions of the world, produce similar fever-like symptoms, and are difficult to diagnose. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of a RIG-I agonist on the replication of these two viruses. RIG-I stimulation using 5'pppRNA before or after DENV or CHIKV infection generated a protective antiviral response against both pathogens in immune and nonimmune cells; interestingly, the protective response against the viruses was largely independent of the classical type I interferon response. The antiviral efficacy of 5'pppRNA highlights the therapeutic potential of RIG-I agonists against emerging viruses such as DENV and CHIKV.
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Mombouli JV, Bitsindou P, Elion DOA, Grolla A, Feldmann H, Niama FR, Parra HJ, Munster VJ. Chikungunya virus infection, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1542-3. [PMID: 23968609 PMCID: PMC3810930 DOI: 10.3201/eid1909.130451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Horwood PF, Reimer LJ, Dagina R, Susapu M, Bande G, Katusele M, Koimbu G, Jimmy S, Ropa B, Siba PM, Pavlin BI. Outbreak of chikungunya virus infection, Vanimo, Papua New Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1535-8. [PMID: 23965757 PMCID: PMC3810919 DOI: 10.3201/eid1909.130130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In June 2012, health authorities in Papua New Guinea detected an increase in febrile illnesses in Vanimo. Chikungunya virus of the Eastern/Central/Southern African genotype harboring the E1:A226V mutation was identified. This ongoing outbreak has spread to ≥8 other provinces and has had a harmful effect on public health.
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Butt AM, Nasrullah I, Tong Y. Genome-wide analysis of codon usage and influencing factors in chikungunya viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90905. [PMID: 24595095 PMCID: PMC3942501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus of the family Togaviridae that is transmitted to humans by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Its genome comprises a 12 kb single-strand positive-sense RNA. In the present study, we report the patterns of synonymous codon usage in 141 CHIKV genomes by calculating several codon usage indices and applying multivariate statistical methods. Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis showed that the preferred synonymous codons were G/C and A-ended. A comparative analysis of RSCU between CHIKV and its hosts showed that codon usage patterns of CHIKV are a mixture of coincidence and antagonism. Similarity index analysis showed that the overall codon usage patterns of CHIKV have been strongly influenced by Pan troglodytes and Aedes albopictus during evolution. The overall codon usage bias was low in CHIKV genomes, as inferred from the analysis of effective number of codons (ENC) and codon adaptation index (CAI). Our data suggested that although mutation pressure dominates codon usage in CHIKV, patterns of codon usage in CHIKV are also under the influence of natural selection from its hosts and geography. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report describing codon usage analysis in CHIKV genomes. The findings from this study are expected to increase our understanding of factors involved in viral evolution, and fitness towards hosts and the environment.
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Lim PJ, Chu JJH. A polarized cell model for Chikungunya virus infection: entry and egress of virus occurs at the apical domain of polarized cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2661. [PMID: 24587455 PMCID: PMC3930524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has resulted in several outbreaks in the past six decades. The clinical symptoms of Chikungunya infection include fever, skin rash, arthralgia, and an increasing incidence of encephalitis. The re-emergence of CHIKV with more severe pathogenesis highlights its potential threat on our human health. In this study, polarized HBMEC, polarized Vero C1008 and non-polarized Vero cells grown on cell culture inserts were infected with CHIKV apically or basolaterally. Plaque assays, viral binding assays and immunofluorescence assays demonstrated apical entry and release of CHIKV in polarized HBMEC and Vero C1008. Drug treatment studies were performed to elucidate both host cell and viral factors involved in the sorting and release of CHIKV at the apical domain of polarized cells. Disruption of host cell myosin II, microtubule and microfilament networks did not disrupt the polarized release of CHIKV. However, treatment with tunicamycin resulted in a bi-directional release of CHIKV, suggesting that N-glycans of CHIKV envelope glycoproteins could serve as apical sorting signals. Polarized cells are found in many parts of the human body and are characterized by the presence of two distinct plasma membrane domains: the apical domain facing the lumen and the basolateral domain facing the underlying tissues. Polarized epithelial cells line the major cavities of our body, while polarized endothelial cells line the blood-tissue interface, both of which protect our body against the invasion of biological pathogens. Thus, many pathogens have to invade the monolayer of epithelial or endothelial cells in order to establish infection. During infection with Chikungunya virus, a mosquito vector bites a human host and inoculates the virus into the host's bloodstream. In recent epidemics of Chikungunya infection, more severe clinical manifestations such as neurological complications were observed. As such, we studied the infection of Chikungunya virus in polarized cells in an aim to provide explanations for the more severe pathogenesis observed.
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