1
|
Lani R, Thariq IM, Suhaimi NS, Hassandarvish P, Abu Bakar S. From defense to offense: Modulating toll-like receptors to combat arbovirus infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2306675. [PMID: 38263674 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2306675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses are a significant threat to global public health, with outbreaks occurring worldwide. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response against these viruses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and initiating an inflammatory response. Significantly, TLRs commonly implicated in the immune response against viral infections include TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR8; limiting or allowing them to replicate and spread within the host. Modulating TLRs has emerged as a promising approach to combat arbovirus infections. This review summarizes recent advances in TLR modulation as a therapeutic target in arbovirus infections. Studies have shown that the activation of TLRs can enhance the immune response against arbovirus infections, leading to increased viral clearance and protection against disease. Conversely, inhibition of TLRs can reduce the excessive inflammation and tissue damage associated with arbovirus infection. Modulating TLRs represents a potential therapeutic strategy to combat arbovirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Lani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ilya Maisarah Thariq
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nuramira Syazreen Suhaimi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sann S, Kleinewietfeld M, Cantaert T. Balancing functions of regulatory T cells in mosquito-borne viral infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2304061. [PMID: 38192073 PMCID: PMC10812859 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2304061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral infections are on the rise worldwide and can lead to severe symptoms such as haemorrhage, encephalitis, arthritis or microcephaly. A protective immune response following mosquito-borne viral infections requires the generation of a controlled and balanced immune response leading to viral clearance without immunopathology. Here, regulatory T cells play a central role in restoring immune homeostasis. In current review, we aim to provide an overview and summary of the phenotypes of FOXP3+ Tregs in various mosquito-borne arboviral disease, their association with disease severity and their functional characteristics. Furthermore, we discuss the role of cytokines and Tregs in the immunopathogenesis of mosquito-borne infections. Lastly, we discuss possible novel lines of research which could provide additional insight into the role of Tregs in mosquito-borne viral infections in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Markus Kleinewietfeld
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caetano CCS, Azamor T, Meyer NM, Onwubueke C, Calabrese CM, Calabrese LH, Visperas A, Piuzzi NS, Husni ME, Foo SS, Chen W. Mechanistic insights into bone remodelling dysregulation by human viral pathogens. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:322-335. [PMID: 38316931 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Bone-related diseases (osteopathologies) associated with human virus infections have increased around the globe. Recent findings have highlighted the intricate interplay between viral infection, the host immune system and the bone remodelling process. Viral infections can disrupt bone homeostasis, contributing to conditions such as arthritis and soft tissue calcifications. Osteopathologies can occur after arbovirus infections such as chikungunya virus, dengue virus and Zika virus, as well as respiratory viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and enteroviruses such as Coxsackievirus B. Here we explore how human viruses dysregulate bone homeostasis, detailing viral factors, molecular mechanisms, host immune response changes and bone remodelling that ultimately result in osteopathologies. We highlight model systems and technologies to advance mechanistic understanding of viral-mediated bone alterations. Finally, we propose potential prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, introduce 'osteovirology' as a research field highlighting the underestimated roles of viruses in bone-related diseases, and discuss research avenues for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila C S Caetano
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nikki M Meyer
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chineme Onwubueke
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cassandra M Calabrese
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonard H Calabrese
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Elaine Husni
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suan-Sin Foo
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Infection Biology Program, Global Center for Pathogen Research and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maraschin M, Talyuli OAC, Luíza Rulff da Costa C, Granella LW, Moi DA, Figueiredo BRS, Mansur DS, Oliveira PL, Oliveira JHM. Exploring dose-response relationships in Aedes aegypti survival upon bacteria and arbovirus infection. J Insect Physiol 2023; 151:104573. [PMID: 37838284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of how host fitness changes in response to variations in microbe density (an ecological measure of disease tolerance) is an important aim of infection biology. Here, we applied dose-response curves to study Aedes aegypti survival upon exposure to different microbes. We challenged female mosquitoes with Listeria monocytogenes, a model bacterial pathogen, Dengue 4 virus and Zika virus, two medically relevant arboviruses, to understand the distribution of mosquito survival following microbe exposure. By correlating microbe loads and host health, we found that a blood meal promotes disease tolerance in our systemic bacterial infection model and that mosquitoes orally infected with bacteria had an enhanced defensive capacity than insects infected through injection. We also showed that Aedes aegypti displays a higher survival profile following arbovirus infection when compared to bacterial infections. Here, we applied a framework for investigating microbe-induced mosquito mortality and details how the lifespan of Aedes aegypti varies with different inoculum sizes of bacteria and arboviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Maraschin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Octávio A C Talyuli
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clara Luíza Rulff da Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucilene W Granella
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Dieison A Moi
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Bruno R S Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Edifício Fritz Müller, Bloco B, Córrego Grande, CEP 88040-970, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Mansur
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Brazil
| | - José Henrique M Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maia LJ, de Oliveira CH, Silva AB, Souza PAA, Müller NFD, Cardoso JDC, Ribeiro BM, de Abreu FVS, Campos FS. Arbovirus surveillance in mosquitoes: Historical methods, emerging technologies, and challenges ahead. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2072-2082. [PMID: 38183286 PMCID: PMC10800135 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231209415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses cause millions of infections each year; however, only limited options are available for treatment and pharmacological prevention. Mosquitoes are among the most important vectors for the transmission of several pathogens to humans. Despite advances, the sampling, viral detection, and control methods for these insects remain ineffective. Challenges arise with the increase in mosquito populations due to climate change, insecticide resistance, and human interference affecting natural habitats, which contribute to the increasing difficulty in controlling the spread of arboviruses. Therefore, prioritizing arbovirus surveillance is essential for effective epidemic preparedness. In this review, we offer a concise historical account of the discovery and monitoring of arboviruses in mosquitoes, from mosquito capture to viral detection. We then analyzed the advantages and limitations of these traditional methods. Furthermore, we investigated the potential of emerging technologies to address these limitations, including the implementation of next-generation sequencing, paper-based devices, spectroscopic detectors, and synthetic biosensors. We also provide perspectives on recurring issues and areas of interest such as insect-specific viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Janssen Maia
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Baculovírus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brasil
| | - Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Brasil
| | - Arthur Batista Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, Brasil
| | - Pedro Augusto Almeida Souza
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Brasil
| | - Nicolas Felipe Drumm Müller
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brasil
| | - Jader da Cruz Cardoso
- Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brasil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Baculovírus, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brasil
| | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi 77402-970, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hargrave AS, Sippy R, Cueva C, Polhemus M, Beltran E, Abbott MA, Stewart-Ibarra AM. Allergies, body mass, and hospitalization due to arbovirus infection: A prospective surveillance study in Machala, Ecuador. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e181. [PMID: 37823310 PMCID: PMC10644055 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are arboviruses that cause 390 million infections annually. Risk factors for hospitalization are poorly understood. Communities affected by these diseases have an escalating prevalence of allergies and obesity, which are linked to immune dysfunction. We assessed the association of allergies or body mass with hospitalization for an arbovirus infection. From 2014 to 2017, we recruited participants with a clinical diagnosis of arbovirus infection. Arbovirus infections were laboratory-confirmed and allergies were self-reported. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight, and height were measured. We used two logistic regression models to assess the relationships between hospitalization and allergies and between hospitalization and body mass (MUAC for participants <20 years old and body mass index (BMI) for adults ≥20 years old). Models were stratified by age group and adjusted for confounders. For allergies, 41 of 265 were hospitalized. There was no association between allergies and hospitalization. For body mass, 34 of 251 were hospitalized. There was a 43% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional centimetre MUAC among children (aOR 0.566, 95% CI 0.252-1.019) and a 12% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional BMI unit among adults (aOR 0.877, 95% CI 0.752-0.998). Our work encourages the exploration of the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita S. Hargrave
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Current affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cinthya Cueva
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark Polhemus
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Efrain Beltran
- Faculdad de Medicina, Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Mark A. Abbott
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
- Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Herrero-Martínez JM, Sánchez-Ledesma M, Ramos-Rincón JM. Imported and autochthonous dengue in Spain. Rev Clin Esp 2023; 223:510-519. [PMID: 37507047 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is globally the most important arboviral infection. It is caused by the dengue virus and it is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes' bites (Ae aegypti or Ae albopictus). In Spain it was initially eradicated in the 20th century, together with the Ae aegypti vector, and currently most of the cases reported in Spain are imported by travelers from countries with dengue transmission (imported dengue). However, in recent years, cases of dengue have been described in people residing in Spain who had not traveled to areas with known transmission (autochthonous dengue), transmitted by Aedes albopictus (the so-called tiger mosquito), present especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, a good knowledge of this potentially severe disease is required, so that it can be diagnosed early, and managed correctly, thus reducing its mortality, as well as its eventual autochthonous transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-M Herrero-Martínez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre-Imas12, Madrid, Dpto. de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sánchez-Ledesma
- Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca- IBSAL, Salamanca, Dpto. de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - J-M Ramos-Rincón
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis; Dpto de Medicina Clínica Universidad Miguel Hernández; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, España.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Ae. aegypti mosquitoes transmit some of the most important human viral diseases that are responsible for a significant public health burden worldwide. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway is considered the major antiviral defense system in insects. Here we show that siRNA pathway disruption by CRISPR/Cas9-based Ago2 knockout impaired the mosquitoes' ability to degrade arbovirus RNA leading to hyper-infection accompanied by cell lysis and tissue damage. Ago2 disruption impaired DNA repair mechanisms and the autophagy pathway by altering histone abundance. This compromised DNA repair and removal of damaged cellular organelles and dysfunctional aggregates promoted mosquito death. We also report that hyper-infection of Ago2 knockout mosquitoes stimulated a broad-spectrum antiviral immunity, including apoptosis, which may counteract infection. Taken together, our studies reveal novel roles for Ago2 in protecting mosquitoes from arbovirus infection and associated death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhang Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2179, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boruah AP, Thakur KT. Arthropod-borne encephalitis: an overview for the clinician and emerging considerations. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:826-833. [PMID: 37130817 PMCID: PMC10464853 DOI: 10.1136/pmj-2022-142002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of arboviral infections in recent years has continually established arthropod-borne encephalitis to be a pressing global health concern. Causing a wide range of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant neurological disease, the hallmark features of arboviral infection are important to clinically recognise. Arboviral infections may cause severe neurological presentations such as meningoencephalitis, epilepsy, acute flaccid paralysis and stroke. While the pathogenesis of arboviral infections is still being investigated, shared neuroanatomical pathways among these viruses may give insight into future therapeutic targets. The shifting infection transmission patterns and evolving distribution of arboviral vectors are heavily influenced by global climate change and human environmental disruption, therefore it is of utmost importance to consider this potential aetiology when assessing patients with encephalitic presentations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Pankaj Boruah
- Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kiran T Thakur
- Department of Neurology, NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Q, Jia D, Ren J, Cheng Y, Wu H, Guo S, Wei T. VDAC1 balances mitophagy and apoptosis in leafhopper upon arbovirus infection. Autophagy 2023; 19:1678-1692. [PMID: 36409297 PMCID: PMC10262772 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2150001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a form of autophagy that selectively removes damaged mitochondria and attenuates mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis during viral infection, but how arboviruses balance mitophagy and apoptosis to facilitate persistent viral infection in insect vectors without causing evident fitness cost remains elusive. Here, we identified mitochondrial VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) that could be hijacked by nonstructural protein Pns11 of rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, to synergistically activate pro-viral extensive mitophagy and limited apoptosis in leafhopper vectors. The direct target of fibrillar structures constructed by Pns11 with VDAC1 induced mitochondrial degeneration. Moreover, the degenerated mitochondria were recruited into Pns11-induced phagophores to initiate mitophagy via interaction of VDAC1 with Pns11 and an autophagy protein, ATG8. Such mitophagy mediated by Pns11 and VDAC1 required the classical PRKN/Parkin-PINK1 pathway. VDAC1 regulates apoptosis by controlling the release of apoptotic signaling molecules through its pore, while the anti-apoptotic protein GSN (gelsolin) could bind to VDAC1 pore. We demonstrated that the interaction of Pns11 with VDAC1 and gelsolin decreased VDAC1 expression but increased GSN expression, which prevented the extensive apoptotic response in virus-infected regions. Meanwhile, virus-induced mitophagy also effectively prevented extensive apoptotic response to decrease apoptosis-caused insect fitness cost. The subsequent fusion of virus-loaded mitophagosomes with lysosomes is prevented, and thus such mitophagosomes are exploited for persistent spread of virions within insect bodies. Our results reveal a new strategy for arboviruses to balance and exploit mitophagy and apoptosis, resulting in an optimal intracellular environment for persistent viral propagation in insect vectors.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CYCS/CytC: cytochrome c, somatic; dsGSN: double-stranded RNAs targeting GSN/gelsolin; dsGFP: double-stranded RNAs targeting green fluorescent protein; dsPRKN: double-stranded RNAs targeting PRKN; dsPns11: double-stranded RNAs targeting Pns11; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; EC: epithelia cell; GST: glutathione S-transferase; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; Mito: mitochondrion; Mmg: middle midgut; MP, mitophagosome; PG, phagophore. padp: post-first access to diseased plants; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; RGDV: rice gall dwarf virus; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling; VDAC1: voltage dependent anion channel 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiping Ren
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shude Guo
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali I, Alarcόn-Elbal PM, Mundle M, Noble SAA, Oura CAL, Anzinger JJ, Sandiford SL. The Others: A Systematic Review of the Lesser-Known Arboviruses of the Insular Caribbean. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040843. [PMID: 37112824 PMCID: PMC10144105 DOI: 10.3390/v15040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Caribbean enjoys a long-standing eminence as a popular tourist destination; however, over the years it has also amassed the sobriquet “arbovirus hotspot”. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitats, a cognizant working knowledge of the lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that influence their emergence and resurgence becomes essential. The extant literature on Caribbean arboviruses is spread across decades of published literature and is quite often difficult to access, and, in some cases, is obsolete. Here, we look at the lesser-known arboviruses of the insular Caribbean and examine some of the drivers for their emergence and resurgence. We searched the scientific literature databases PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature as well as scholarly reports. We included articles and reports that describe works resulting in serological evidence of the presence of arboviruses and/or arbovirus isolations in the insular Caribbean. Studies without serological evidence and/or arbovirus isolations as well as those including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever were excluded. Of the 545 articles identified, 122 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 arboviruses were identified in the literature. These arboviruses and the drivers that affect their emergence/resurgence are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inshan Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Pedro M. Alarcόn-Elbal
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Public Health and Food Science and Technology (PASAPTA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcia Mundle
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The Mico University College, Kingston 5, Jamaica
| | - Simmoy A. A. Noble
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Chris A. L. Oura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 685509, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joshua J. Anzinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Simone L. Sandiford
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Mosquito Control and Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kapadia RK, Staples JE, Gill CM, Fischer M, Khan E, Laven JJ, Panella A, Velez JO, Hughes HR, Brault A, Pastula DM, Gould CV. Severe Arboviral Neuroinvasive Disease in Patients on Rituximab Therapy: A Review. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1142-1148. [PMID: 36103602 PMCID: PMC10011006 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing use of rituximab and other B-cell depleting monoclonal antibodies for multiple indications, infectious complications are being recognized. We summarize clinical findings of patients on rituximab with arboviral diseases identified through literature review or consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We identified 21 patients on recent rituximab therapy who were diagnosed with an arboviral disease caused by West Nile, tick-borne encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, Cache Valley, Jamestown Canyon, and Powassan viruses. All reported patients had neuroinvasive disease. The diagnosis of arboviral infection required molecular testing in 20 (95%) patients. Median illness duration was 36 days (range, 12 days to 1 year), and 15/19 (79%) patients died from their illness. Patients on rituximab with arboviral disease can have a severe or prolonged course with an absence of serologic response. Patients should be counseled about mosquito and tick bite prevention when receiving rituximab and other B-cell depleting therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronak K Kapadia
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine M Gill
- University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marc Fischer
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ezza Khan
- Hunterdon Infectious Disease Specialists, Flemington, New Jersey, USA
| | - Janeen J Laven
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Amanda Panella
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jason O Velez
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron Brault
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel M Pastula
- Neuro-Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolyn V Gould
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dalvi APR, Gibson G, Ramos AN, Bloch KV, de Sousa GDS, da Silva TLN, Braga JU, Castro MC, Werneck GL. Sociodemographic and environmental factors associated with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya among adolescents from two Brazilian capitals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011197. [PMID: 36928657 PMCID: PMC10047540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the emerging and reemerging arboviral diseases, Zika, dengue and chikungunya deserve special attention due to their wide geographical distribution and clinical severity. The three arboviruses are transmitted by the same vector and can present similar clinical syndromes, bringing challenges to their identification and register. Demographic characteristics and individual and contextual social factors have been associated with the three arboviral diseases. However, little is known about such associations among adolescents, whose relationships with the social environment are different from those of adult populations, implying potentially different places, types, and degrees of exposure to the vector, particularly in the school context. This study aims to identify sociodemographic and environmental risk factors for the occurrence of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya in a cohort of adolescents from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents-ERICA-in the cities of Rio de Janeiro/RJ and Fortaleza/CE, from January 2015 to March 2019. Cases were defined as adolescents with laboratory or clinical-epidemiological diagnosis of Zika, dengue, or chikungunya, notified and registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The cases were identified by linkage between the databases of the ERICA cohort and of SINAN. Multilevel Cox regression was employed to estimate hazard ratios (HR) as measures of association and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In comparison with adolescents living in lower socioeconomic conditions, the risk of becoming ill due to any of the three studied arboviral diseases was lower among those living in better socioeconomic conditions (HR = 0.43; 95%CI: 0.19-0.99; p = 0.047) and in the adolescents who attended school in the afternoon period (HR = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.06-0.47; p<0.001). When compared to areas whose Building Infestation Index (BII) for Aedes aegypti was considered satisfactory, a BII in the school region classified as "alert" and "risk" was associated with a higher risk of arboviral diseases (HR = 1.62, 95%CI: 0.98-2.70; p = 0.062; HR = 3.72, 95%CI: 1.27-10.9; p = 0.017, respectively). These findings indicate that living in less favored socioeconomic conditions, attending school in the morning, and having a high BII for Ae. aegypti in school's region can contribute to an increased risk of infection by Zika, dengue, or chikungunya in adolescents. The identification of residential or school areas based on those variables can contribute to the implementation of control measures in population groups and priority locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Razal Dalvi
- Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, (Ensp/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerusa Gibson
- Public Health Institute–IESC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alberto Novaes Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, and Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Katia V. Bloch
- Public Health Institute–IESC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Ueleres Braga
- Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, (Ensp/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Public Health Institute–IESC, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heinig-Hartberger M, Hellhammer F, Zöller DDJA, Dornbusch S, Bergmann S, Vocadlova K, Junglen S, Stern M, Lee KZ, Becker SC. Culex Y Virus: A Native Virus of Culex Species Characterized In Vivo. Viruses 2023; 15:235. [PMID: 36680275 PMCID: PMC9863036 DOI: 10.3390/v15010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of various pathogens that cause diseases in humans and animals. To prevent the outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases, it is essential to control vector populations, as treatment or vaccination for mosquito-borne diseases are often unavailable. Insect-specific viruses (ISVs) have previously been described as being potentially helpful against arboviral disease outbreaks. In this study, we present the first in vivo characterization of the ISV Culex Y virus (CYV). CYV was first isolated from free-living Culex pipiens mosquitoes in 2010; then, it was found in several mosquito cell lines in a further study in 2018. For mammalian cells, we were able to confirm that CYV does not replicate as it was previously described. Additionally, we found that CYV does not replicate in honey bees or locusts. However, we detected replication in the Culex pipiens biotype molestus, Aedes albopictus, and Drosophila melanogaster, thus indicating dipteran specificity. We detected significantly higher mortality in Culex pipiens biotype molestus males and Drosophila melanogaster, but not in Aedes albopictus and female Culex pipiens biotype molestus. CYV could not be transmitted transovarially to offspring, but we detected venereal transmission as well as CYV in mosquitos' saliva, indicating that an oral route of infection would also be possible. CYV's dipteran specificity, transmission routes, and killing effect with respect to Culex males may be used as powerful tools with which to destabilize arbovirus vector populations in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Heinig-Hartberger
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fanny Hellhammer
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - David D. J. A. Zöller
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Dornbusch
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stella Bergmann
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katerina Vocadlova
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Stern
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie C. Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schirtzinger EE, Jasperson DC, Swanson DA, Mitzel D, Drolet BS, Richt JA, Wilson WC. Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:239-244. [PMID: 36260075 PMCID: PMC10091495 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52-60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Schirtzinger
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dustin A Swanson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Foreign Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nyangau PN, Nzuma JM, Irungu P, Junglen S, Kassie M. Health education impact on knowledge and management of arboviral diseases in Kenya: Evidence from randomised control trials. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2274436. [PMID: 37902054 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2274436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Communities' knowledge and management strategies are crucial for mitigating and controlling the threat of existing and emerging diseases. In this study, we conducted randomised control trials (RCT) to examine the impact of health education on households' knowledge and management of three Arboviral Diseases (ADs); Rift Valley fever, Chikungunya fever, and Dengue fever in Kenya. The study was based on a sample of 629 households drawn from the three of Kenya's AD hotspot counties; Baringo, Kwale, and Kilifi. Employing a difference-in-difference method, our findings indicate that health education intervention significantly improved households' understanding of ADs transmission modes, causes, and prevention strategies. However, this intervention did not sufficiently influence households' disease management behaviour. We recommend the implementation of community engagement and outreach initiatives which have the potential to drive behavioural changes at the household level, thus enhancing the management and control of ADs in Kenya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nyamweya Nyangau
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jonathan Makau Nzuma
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Patrick Irungu
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Menale Kassie
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Batovska J, Mee PT, Sawbridge TI, Rodoni BC, Lynch SE. Enhanced Arbovirus Surveillance with High-Throughput Metatranscriptomic Processing of Field-Collected Mosquitoes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122759. [PMID: 36560765 PMCID: PMC9782886 DOI: 10.3390/v14122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance programs are essential for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses that cause serious human and animal diseases. Viral metatranscriptomic sequencing can enhance surveillance by enabling untargeted, high-throughput arbovirus detection. We used metatranscriptomic sequencing to screen field-collected mosquitoes for arboviruses to better understand how metatranscriptomics can be utilised in routine surveillance. Following a significant flood event in 2016, more than 56,000 mosquitoes were collected over seven weeks from field traps set up in Victoria, Australia. The traps were split into samples of 1000 mosquitoes or less and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq. Five arboviruses relevant to public health (Ross River virus, Sindbis virus, Trubanaman virus, Umatilla virus, and Wongorr virus) were detected a total of 33 times in the metatranscriptomic data, with 94% confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Analysis of metatranscriptomic cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences enabled the detection of 12 mosquito and two biting midge species. Screening of the same traps by an established public health arbovirus surveillance program corroborated the metatranscriptomic arbovirus and mosquito species detections. Assembly of genome sequences from the metatranscriptomic data also led to the detection of 51 insect-specific viruses, both known and previously undescribed, and allowed phylogenetic comparison to past strains. We have demonstrated how metatranscriptomics can enhance surveillance by enabling untargeted arbovirus detection, providing genomic epidemiological data, and simultaneously identifying vector species from large, unsorted mosquito traps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Batovska
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (P.T.M.); Tel.: +61-3-9623-1442 (J.B.); +61-3-9032-7143 (P.T.M.)
| | - Peter T. Mee
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (P.T.M.); Tel.: +61-3-9623-1442 (J.B.); +61-3-9032-7143 (P.T.M.)
| | - Tim I. Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Brendan C. Rodoni
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Stacey E. Lynch
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dadzie SK, Akorli J, Coulibaly MB, Ahadji-Dabla KM, Baber I, Bobanga T, Boukhary AOMS, Canelas T, Facchinelli L, Gonçalves A, Guelbeogo M, Kamgang B, Keita IK, Konan L, Levine R, Dzuris N, Lenhart A. Building the capacity of West African countries in Aedes surveillance: inaugural meeting of the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:381. [PMID: 36271451 PMCID: PMC9585720 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in the West Africa subregion, in countries including Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Senegal, and Benin. These viral diseases are causing an increased public health burden, which impedes poverty reduction and sustainable development. Aedes surveillance and control capacity, which are key to reducing the prevalence of arboviral infections, need to be strengthened in West Africa, to provide information essential for the formulation of effective vector control strategies and the prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks. In line with these objectives, the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN) was created in 2017 at a meeting held in Sierra Leone comprising African scientists working on Aedes mosquitoes. This manuscript describes the proceedings and discusses key highlights of the meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Ibrahima Baber
- Abt Associates, US President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) VectorLink Project, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Thierry Bobanga
- Services de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie, Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Tiago Canelas
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Adéritow Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Public Health, Praia, Cape Verde
| | - Moussa Guelbeogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme and University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Lucien Konan
- Department of Malaria and Emerging Disease, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rebecca Levine
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nicole Dzuris
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Giménez-Richarte Á, Ortiz de Salazar MI, Giménez-Richarte MP, Collado M, Fernández PL, Clavijo C, Navarro L, Arbona C, Marco P, Ramos-Rincon JM. Transfusion-transmitted arboviruses: Update and systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010843. [PMID: 36201547 PMCID: PMC9578600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection of the first cases of transfusion-transmitted West Nile virus in 2002 posed a new challenge for transfusion safety. Institutions like the World Health Organization have stated that blood transfusion centers need to know the epidemiology of the different emerging infectious agents and their impact on blood transfusion. The aim of the study is to review the published cases of arbovirus transmission through transfusion of blood or blood components and to analyze their main clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Material and methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. Pairs of review authors selected a variety of scientific publications reporting cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. Main clinical and epidemiological characteristics were reviewed of the cases described. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO CRD42021270355. Results A total of 74 cases of transfusion-transmitted infections were identified from 10 arboviruses: West Nile virus (n = 42), dengue virus (n = 18), Zika virus (n = 3), yellow fever vaccine virus (n = 3), tick-borne encephalitis virus (n = 2), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 2), Powassan virus (n = 1), St. Louis encephalitis virus (n = 1), Ross River virus (n = 1) and Colorado tick fever virus (n = 1). The blood component most commonly involved was red blood cells (N = 35, 47.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.9% to 58.7%). In 54.1% (N = 40; 95% CI: 42.7%-65.47%) of the cases, the recipient was immunosuppressed. Transmission resulted in death in 18.9% (N = 14; 95% CI: 10.0%-27.8%) of the recipients. In addition, 18 additional arboviruses were identified with a potential threat to transfusion safety. Discussion In the last 20 years, the number of published cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses increased notably, implicating new arboviruses. In addition, a significant number of arboviruses that may pose a threat to transfusion safety were detected. In the coming years, it is expected that transmission of arboviruses will continue to expand globally. It is therefore essential that all responsible agencies prepare for this potential threat to transfusion safety. The transfusion of blood and blood components entails some risks and potential complications, chief among them the transmission of infectious agents. Organizations like the American Association of Blood Banks have warned of the risks posed by emerging and re-emerging viruses for transfusion safety and have classified transmission of several arboviruses as a high or very high risk to the transfusion of blood and blood components. Following recommendations by the World Health Organization (WHO), this study aims to enable safe blood transfusion services, by making available the latest updated information of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses and comprehensive knowledge of the current epidemiology of reported cases. Research revealed case reports of transfusion transmission of 10 arboviruses, with West Nile virus and dengue virus as the most prevalent. Main clinical characteristics of reported cases were collected, including the type of blood component transfused and the state of immunosuppression of the recipient. Research also revealed 18 additional arboviruses with potential risk of transmission through other direct transmission routes. This systematic review provides an updated overview of the clinical characteristics of reported cases of transfusion-transmitted arboviruses. It is the most complete record published to date that assesses the risk posed by arboviruses to blood transfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miriam Collado
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Clavijo
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Navarro
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Arbona
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Marco
- Service of Hematology, General- University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL. Alicante, Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- * E-mail: (AG-R); (J-MR-R)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leon Juarez M, García-Cordero J, Comas-Garcia M, Barrón LC, González-Santamaría J, Shrivastava G. Editorial: Cellular, molecular and immunological aspects in arboviruses infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:973953. [PMID: 35909971 PMCID: PMC9331162 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.973953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moises Leon Juarez
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Moises Leon Juarez,
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-Garcia
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Leticia Cedillo- Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José González-Santamaría
- Grupo de Biología Celular y Molecular de Arbovirus, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de salud, Panamá, Panama
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Povolyaeva OS, Chadaeva AA, Lunitsin AV, Yurkov SG. [Dwarf bat's (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) lung diploid cell strains and their permissivity to orbiviruses (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) - pathogens of vector-borne animal diseases]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:227-236. [PMID: 35831965 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bat cell cultures are a popular model both for the isolation of vector-borne disease viruses and for assessing the possible role of these mammalian species in forming the natural reservoirs of arbovirus infection vectors. The goal of the research was to obtain and characterize strains of diploid lung cells of the bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and evaluate their permissivity to bluetongue, African horse sickness (AHS), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (EHD) viruses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cultures of the dwarf bat's lung were obtained by standard enzymatic disaggregation of donor tissue and selection of cells for adhesive properties. The permissivity of cell cultures was determined to bluetongue, AHL, and EHD orbiviruses. RESULTS Diploid cell strains (epithelium-like and fibroblast-like types) retaining cytomorphological characteristics and karyotype stability were obtained from tissue of the bat's lung. Their permissivity to viruses of the genus Orbivirus of the Reoviridae family, pathogens of transmissible animal diseases, has been established. DISCUSSION The permissivity of the obtained strains of bat's lung cells to bluetongue, AHL, and EHD viruses is consistent with the isolation of orbiviruses in bats of the species Pteropus poliocephalus, Pteropus hypomelanus, Rousettus aegyptiacus leachii, Syconycteris crassa, Myotis macrodactylus, and Eidolon helvum. CONCLUSION Strains of diploid lung cells of the dwarf bat are permissive to orbiviruses of bluetongue, AHS, and EHD, which allows us to recommend them for the isolation of these viruses, and the species Pipistrellus pipistrellus to be considered as a potential natural reservoir and carrier of pathogens of these vector-borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A A Chadaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
| | - A V Lunitsin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
| | - S G Yurkov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lahondère C, Bonizzoni M. Thermal biology of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in the context of climate change. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2022; 51:100920. [PMID: 35421621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of arboviral diseases in tropical endemic areas and their emergence in new temperate countries is one of the most important challenges that Public Health agencies are currently facing. Because mosquitoes are poikilotherms, shifts in temperature influence physiological functions besides egg viability. These traits impact not only vector density, but also their interaction with their hosts and arboviruses. As such the relationship among mosquitoes, arboviral diseases and temperature is complex. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the thermal biology of Aedes invasive mosquitoes, highlighting differences among species. We also emphasize the need to expand knowledge on the variability in thermal sensitivity across populations within a species, especially in light of climate change that encompasses increase not only in mean environmental temperature but also in the frequency of hot and cold snaps. Finally, we suggest a novel experimental approach to investigate the molecular architecture of thermal adaptation in mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Lahondère
- Department of Biochemistry, USA; The Fralin Life Science Institute, USA; Center of Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, USA; The Global Change Center, USA; Department of Entomology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thayanukul P, Lertanantawong B, Sirawaraporn W, Charasmongkolcharoen S, Chaibun T, Jittungdee R, Kittayapong P. Simple, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of wAlbB Wolbachia in Aedes mosquitoes, using loop mediated isothermal amplification combined with the electrochemical biosensing method. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009600. [PMID: 35560029 PMCID: PMC9132313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wolbachia is an endosymbiont bacterium generally found in about 40% of insects, including mosquitoes, but it is absent in Aedes aegypti which is an important vector of several arboviral diseases. The evidence that Wolbachia trans-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes lost their vectorial competence and became less capable of transmitting arboviruses to human hosts highlights the potential of using Wolbachia-based approaches for prevention and control of arboviral diseases. Recently, release of Wolbachia trans-infected Ae. aegypti has been deployed widely in many countries for the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Field surveillance and monitoring of Wolbachia presence in released mosquitoes is important for the success of these control programs. So far, a number of studies have reported the development of loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays to detect Wolbachia in mosquitoes, but the methods still have some specificity and cost issues. Methodology/Principal findings We describe here the development of a LAMP assay combined with the DNA strand displacement-based electrochemical sensor (BIOSENSOR) method to detect wAlbB Wolbachia in trans-infected Ae. aegypti. Our developed LAMP primers used a low-cost dye detecting system and 4 oligo nucleotide primers which can reduce the cost of analysis while the specificity is comparable to the previous methods. The detection capacity of our LAMP technique was 1.4 nM and the detection limit reduced to 2.2 fM when combined with the BIOSENSOR. Our study demonstrates that a BIOSENSOR can also be applied as a stand-alone method for detecting Wolbachia; and it showed high sensitivity when used with the crude DNA extracts of macerated mosquito samples without DNA purification. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that both LAMP and BIOSENSOR, either used in combination or stand-alone, are robust and sensitive. The methods have good potential for routine detection of Wolbachia in mosquitoes during field surveillance and monitoring of Wolbachia-based release programs, especially in countries with limited resources. Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever are transmitted to humans mainly by the bites of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Controlling the vectors of these diseases relies mostly on the use of insecticides. However, the efficiency has been reduced through the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium that is naturally found in 40% of insects, including mosquitoes. The bacterium can protect its insect hosts from viral infections and can also cause sterility in insect host populations, therefore, providing an opportunity to use it for human disease control. Application of a Wolbachia trans-infected mosquitoes needs simple, rapid and sensitive methods for detecting the bacteria in released mosquitoes. In this paper, we develop the methods of LAMP and BIOSENSORS for detecting wAlbB Wolbachia in mosquitoes. Our positive LAMP reaction can be visualized by color change from violet to blue at a sensitivity of ≥ 10 pg of genomic DNA. When used in combination with the BIOSENSOR method, the sensitivity increases a millionfold without losing specificity. Our study suggests that both developed methods, either used in combination or stand-alone, are efficient and cost-effective, hence, they could be applied for routine surveys of Wolbachia in mosquito control programs that use Wolbachia-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parinda Thayanukul
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benchaporn Lertanantawong
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Worachart Sirawaraporn
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Thanyarat Chaibun
- Biosensors Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Córdoba-Aguilar A, San Miguel-Rodríguez M, Rocha-Ortega M, Lanz-Mendoza H, Cime-Castillo J, Benelli G. Adult damselflies as possible regulators of mosquito populations in urban areas. Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:4274-4287. [PMID: 34086403 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dragonfly and damselfly larvae have been considered as possible biocontrol agents against young instars of mosquito vectors in urban environments. Yet our knowledge about adult odonate predation against mosquito adults is scarce. We quantified daily and annual predation rates, consumption rates and prey preferences of adult Hetaerina vulnerata male damselflies in an urban park. A focus on predation of mosquito species was provided, quantified their arbovirus (dengue, chikungunya and Zika) infection rates and biting activity. RESULTS Foraging times of H. vulnerata overlapped with those of the maximum activity of hematophagous mosquitoes. The most consumed preys were Diptera and Hymenoptera and, in lower quantities, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Psocoptera and Neuroptera. Of note, 7% of the diet was represented by hematophagous dipterans, with 2.4% being Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Prey abundance in the diet coincided with that of the same species in the environment. The arboviral infection rate (dengue, chikungunya and Zika) was 1.6% for A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The total biting rate of these mosquito vectors was 16 bites per person per day, while the annual rate of infectious bites was 93.4. CONCLUSION Although 2.4% for both Aedes species seems a low consumption, considering the presence of 12 odonate species at the park, it can be argued that adult odonates may play a relevant role as mosquito vector regulators, therefore impacting the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Our study outlines the need for further research on the topic of the possible role of adult odonates for mosquito biocontrol. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Maya Rocha-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico
| | - Humberto Lanz-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jorge Cime-Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Donahue MA, Hamik J, Phinney S, Schneider R, McDougall L, Koirala S, Buss B. Aedes aegypti Identified in York, Nebraska, Through Routine Arboviral Surveillance-August-October 2019. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2021; 37:106-108. [PMID: 34184040 DOI: 10.2987/20-6950.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
On August 27, 2019, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were identified in a neighborhood located in York, NE, through routine arboviral surveillance. Expanded surveillance using traps and morphologic identification revealed 118 adult Ae. aegypti throughout the adjacent neighborhood, including identification from larval sampling. Our findings describe the first recorded Ae. aegypti introduction in Nebraska and provide evidence of a breeding mosquito population, which suggests suitable habitat and the risk of potential establishment, raising concerns about prevention of arboviral diseases in Nebraska.
Collapse
|
27
|
Little EAH, Harriott OT, Akaratovic KI, Kiser JP, Abadam CF, Shepard JJ, Molaei G. Host interactions of Aedes albopictus, an invasive vector of arboviruses, in Virginia, USA. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009173. [PMID: 33600413 PMCID: PMC7924790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an invasive mosquito species in the United States, Aedes albopictus is a potential vector of arboviruses including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, and may also be involved in occasional transmission of other arboviruses such as West Nile, Saint Louis encephalitis, eastern equine encephalitis, and La Crosse viruses. Aedes albopictus feeds on a wide variety of vertebrate hosts, wild and domestic, as well as humans. Methodology/Principal findings In order to investigate blood feeding patterns of Ae. albopictus, engorged specimens were collected from a variety of habitat types using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, Biogents Sentinel 2 traps, and modified Reiter gravid traps in southeast Virginia. Sources of blood meals were determined by the analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences amplified in PCR assays. Our aims were to quantify degrees of Ae. albopictus interactions with vertebrate hosts as sources of blood meals, investigate arboviral infection status, assess the influence of key socioecological conditions on spatial variability in blood feeding, and investigate temporal differences in blood feeding by season. Analysis of 961 engorged specimens of Ae. albopictus sampled between 2017–2019 indicated that 96%, 4%, and less than 1% obtained blood meals from mammalian, reptilian, and avian hosts, respectively. Domestic cats were the most frequently identified (50.5%) hosts followed by Virginia opossums (17.1%), white-tailed deer (12.2%), and humans (7.3%), together representing 87.1% of all identified blood hosts. We found spatial patterns in blood feeding linked to socioecological conditions and seasonal shifts in Ae. albopictus blood feeding with implications for understanding human biting and disease risk. In Suffolk Virginia in areas of lower human development, the likelihood of human blood feeding increased as median household income increased and human blood feeding was more likely early in the season (May-June) compared to later (July-October). Screening of the head and thorax of engorged Ae. albopictus mosquitoes by cell culture and RT-PCR resulted in a single isolate of Potosi virus. Conclusion and significance Understanding mosquito-host interactions in nature is vital for evaluating vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. These interactions with competent reservoir hosts support transmission, maintenance, and amplification of zoonotic agents of human diseases. Results of our study in conjunction with abundance in urban/suburban settings, virus isolation from field-collected mosquitoes, and vector competence of Ae. albopictus, highlight the potential involvement of this species in the transmission of a number of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika to humans. Limited interaction with avian hosts suggests that Ae. albopictus is unlikely to serve as a bridge vector of arboviruses such as West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis in the study region, but that possibility cannot be entirely ruled out. Native to Southeast Asia, breeding populations of Aedes albopictus were first discovered in Harris County, Texas, in 1985, and as of 2017, seasonal populations of this species have been reported in more than 40 states and the District of Columbia. Aedes albopictus breed readily in natural or man-made environment where stagnant water can accumulate such as gutters, flowerpots, discarded tires, and tree holes. This mosquito species has been implicated in outbreaks of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses and is a competent vector of many arboviruses including West Nile, eastern equine encephalitis, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, and Japanese encephalitis. Aedes albopictus is regarded as an opportunistic mosquito feeding on a variety of domestic and wild mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians; however, a preference for human blood meals has been noted in blood meal analysis of field-collected mosquitoes and in laboratory investigations. We studied vector-host interactions of Ae. albopictus in Virginia, United States using molecular methods and identified ten mammalian, three reptilian, and two avian species as blood hosts of this mosquito species. Our study clarifies the host associations of Ae. albopictus and highlights concerns about the potential role of this mosquito species in transmission of emerging and reemerging arboviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza A. H. Little
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases and Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-borne Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Olivia T. Harriott
- Biology Department, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Karen I. Akaratovic
- Suffolk Mosquito Control, Department of Public Works, Suffolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jay P. Kiser
- Suffolk Mosquito Control, Department of Public Works, Suffolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Charles F. Abadam
- Suffolk Mosquito Control, Department of Public Works, Suffolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John J. Shepard
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases and Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-borne Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Goudarz Molaei
- Center for Vector Biology & Zoonotic Diseases and Northeast Regional Center for Excellence in Vector-borne Diseases, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Akrami KM, de Nogueira BMF, do Rosário MS, de Moraes L, Cordeiro MT, Haddad R, Gomes LN, de Pádua Carvalho I, dos Reis Pimentel E, de Jesus Silva J, de Oliveira Francisco MVL, de Siqueira IC, Farias D, Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Boaventura V, Khouri R. The re-emergence of Zika in Brazil in 2020: a case of Guillain Barré Syndrome during the low season for arboviral infections. J Travel Med 2020; 27:taaa165. [PMID: 32941627 PMCID: PMC7649381 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus cases in Brazil have diminished since emergence in 2015. We report Guillain Barré Syndrome caused by Zika and possible Chikungunya co-infection during an expected low arboviral season. This case highlights the importance of clinical vigilance for Zika in those with neurological syndromes outside typical arboviral season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan M Akrami
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Betania Mara Freitas de Nogueira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Haddad
- Faculdade de Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília, (FCE-UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Boaventura
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Misyura L, Grieco Guardian E, Durant AC, Donini A. A comparison of aquaporin expression in mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti) that develop in hypo-osmotic freshwater and iso-osmotic brackish water. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234892. [PMID: 32817668 PMCID: PMC7440623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti vectors the arboviral diseases yellow fever, dengue, Zika and chikungunya. Larvae are usually found developing in freshwater; however, more recently they have been increasingly found in brackish water, potential habitats which are traditionally ignored by mosquito control programs. Aedes aegypti larvae are osmo-regulators maintaining their hemolymph osmolarity in a range of ~ 250 to 300 mOsmol l-1. In freshwater, the larvae must excrete excess water while conserving ions while in brackish water, they must alleviate an accumulation of salts. The compensatory physiological mechanisms must involve the transport of ions and water but little is known about the water transport mechanisms in the osmoregulatory organs of these larvae. Water traverses cellular membranes predominantly through transmembrane proteins named aquaporins (AQPs) and Aedes aegypti possesses 6 AQP homologues (AaAQP1 to 6). The objective of this study was to determine if larvae that develop in freshwater or brackish water have differential aquaporin expression in osmoregulatory organs, which could inform us about the relative importance and function of aquaporins to mosquito survival under these different osmotic conditions. We found that AaAQP transcript abundance was similar in organs of freshwater and brackish water mosquito larvae. Furthermore, in the Malpighian tubules and hindgut AaAQP protein abundance was unaffected by the rearing conditions, but in the gastric caeca the protein level of one aquaporin, AaAQP1 was elevated in brackish water. We found that AaAQP1 was expressed apically while AaAQP4 and AaAQP5 were found to be apical and/or basal in the epithelia of osmoregulatory organs. Overall, the results suggest that aquaporin expression in the osmoregulatory organs is mostly consistent between larvae that are developing in freshwater and brackish water. This suggests that aquaporins may not have major roles in adapting to longterm survival in brackish water or that aquaporin function may be regulated by other mechanisms like post-translational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Misyura
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew Donini
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dente MG, Riccardo F, Nacca G, Ranghiasci A, Escadafal C, Gaayeb L, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Manuguerra JC, Picard M, Fernández-Pinero J, Pérez-Ramírez E, Robert V, Victoir K, Declich S. Strengthening Preparedness for Arbovirus Infections in Mediterranean and Black Sea Countries: A Conceptual Framework to Assess Integrated Surveillance in the Context of the One Health Strategy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018. [PMID: 29534445 PMCID: PMC5877034 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the context of One Health, there is presently an effort to integrate surveillance of human, animal, entomological, and environmental sectors. This aims to strengthen the prevention of, and preparedness against, arbovirus infections, also in the light of environmental and climate changes that could increase the risk of transmission. However, criteria to define integrated surveillance, and to compare different systems, still need to be identified and tested. We conducted a scoping review to identify and examine surveillance systems for West Nile virus (WNV), chikungunya virus (CHKV), dengue virus (DENV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which involve human, animal, entomological, and environmental sectors. We analyzed findings using a conceptual framework we developed for this purpose. The review highlights that the criteria proposed in the conceptual framework to describe integrated surveillance are consistently reported in the context of studies and programs related to integrated surveillance of the selected arboviral diseases. These criteria can facilitate the identification and description of operationalized One Health surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Dente
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (G.N.); (A.R.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-990-4265
| | - Flavia Riccardo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (G.N.); (A.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Gloria Nacca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (G.N.); (A.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Alessia Ranghiasci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (G.N.); (A.R.); (S.D.)
| | - Camille Escadafal
- Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.E.); (L.G.); (J.-C.M.); (K.V.)
- FIND (Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lobna Gaayeb
- Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.E.); (L.G.); (J.-C.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Miguel Angel Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (E.P.-R.)
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marie Picard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Mivegec IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Jovita Fernández-Pinero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (E.P.-R.)
| | - Elisa Pérez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.J.-C.); (J.F.-P.); (E.P.-R.)
| | - Vincent Robert
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Mivegec IRD-CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France; (M.P.); (V.R.)
| | - Kathleen Victoir
- Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.E.); (L.G.); (J.-C.M.); (K.V.)
| | - Silvia Declich
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (G.N.); (A.R.); (S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
PATERSON HE, MCINTOSH BM. Further Studies on the Chikungunya Outbreak in Southern Rhodesia in 1962. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2016; 58:52-5. [PMID: 14147665 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1964.11686214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
32
|
MCINTOSH BM, PATERSON HE, MCGILLIVRAY G, DESOUSA J. Further Studies on the Chikungunya Outbreak in Southern Rhodesia in 1962. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2016; 58:45-51. [PMID: 14147664 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1964.11686213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
[Abstracts of the meeting on Chikungunya and other arboviruses in the tropics, La Reunion, 3-4 December 2007]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2007; 100:315-85. [PMID: 18368731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
|
35
|
Koike K. [Attention-getting infectious diseases: Importance of renewed awareness]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 2007; 96:2383-2385. [PMID: 18069286 DOI: 10.2169/naika.96.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
|
36
|
Kurane I. [West Nile fever/encephalitis as one of the arboviral infections]. Uirusu 2005; 55:63-8. [PMID: 16308531 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.55.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus maintains natural infection cycle between birds and mosquitoes. It has been known that about 200 species of birds are infected with West Nile virus and the virus is isolated from more than 40 species of mosquitoes. This suggests that West Nile virus has an ability to be transmitted by many species of mosquitoes and infect many kinds of animals. Approximately 20% of infected humans develop symptoms. West Nile fever, an acute febrile illness, is the main disease, and meningitis and encephalitis (meningoencephalitis) occasionally occur. Cases with flaccid paralysis or polyneuritis have been recently reported. Thus, West Nile virus causes multiple types of symptoms in humans. The endemic area has expanded in North America and Siberia. West Nile virus may enter Japan in the near future; therefore, we should keep paying attention to the endemic and epidemic situations in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- R J Whitley
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
During attempts at purification of horse-sickness virus for electron-microscopy from infected mouse brain extracts, it was found that a combination of polyethylene glycol precipitation of the virus, ultracentrifugation and zone electrophoresis gave promising results. The final purified material could not be regarded as pure on account of the presence of considerable normal brain components, but it contained particles not present in normal brain treated identically, which could be recognized as virus particles. The virus particles appear to have diameters of 70–80 mμ and are estimated to have 92 rod-shaped subunits radiating from a spherical body.The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. A. Kipps and R. A. Alexander for their continued interest in this work.The electron micrographs were taken by Mr L. G. Fowle of the Department of Physics, University of Cape Town.This investigation was supported in part by a Public Health Service research grant AI 04044–02 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, U.S.A.
Collapse
|
40
|
WALKER GM, WOODALL JP, HADDOW AJ, WILLIAMS MC. O'nyong-nyong fever: an epidemic virus disease in East Africa. VI. Alopecia in mice experimentally infected with o'nyong-nyong virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1998; 56:496-503. [PMID: 13998488 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(62)90073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
41
|
DOHERTY RL, CARLEY JG. Studies of arthropod-borne virus infections in Queensland. II. Serological investigations of antibodies to dengue and Murray Valley encephalitis in Eastern Queensland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 38:427-39. [PMID: 13723470 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1960.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
Abstract
1. Following an epizootic of louping ill on certain farms in south-west Ayrshire in 1960, a long-term study of several farms was initiated.2. The flocks on two hirsels of one farm were studied during spring and early summer of 1961. Although only one lamb death was confirmed as due to louping ill, the infection rates in sentinel hoggs on the two hirsels were 50–60. and 11% respectively. The difference between the hirsels is probably attributable to the difference in the amount of tick habitat on them.3. The ewes were bled in March and June and their lambs in June. Haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and neutralization tests revealed that the HI antibody is much shorter lasting than neutralizing antibody. Many ewes, therefore, had neutralizing but not HI antibody. Otherwise agreement between the tests was good. In March almost all the ewes aged 3 years or more had antibody. Of the gimmers (2-year-olds) about two-thirds on one hirsel and one-third on the other had antibody in March: by June almost all the former and about half of the latter had antibody.4. About two-thirds of the lambs had the same antibody status as their mothers in June and almost all the rest had less antibody than their mothers. Serological evidence suggestive of louping ill without recognizable clinical disease was found in six lambs and a further lamb recovered from clinical disease.5. Revaccination of two-thirds of the flock failed to cause any detectable change in antibody status.6. The epidemiology and pathogenesis are discussed in relation to immunity and infection rates, and to the design of control measures.We are greatly indebted to the late Mr James Murdoch at Dalmellington, Mr John Murdoch at Dalcairnie Farm, and Mr David Murdoch at Knockgray Farm for permission to work on their farms and for all the help they gave us during the study.
Collapse
|
45
|
WILLIAMS MC, WOODALL JP, CORBET PS, GILLETT JD. O'NYONG-NYONG FEVER: AN EPIDEMIC VIRUS DISEASE IN EAST AFRICA. 8. VIRUS ISOLATIONS FROM ANOPHELES MOSQUITOES. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996; 59:300-6. [PMID: 14298035 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(65)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
DOHERTY RL, GORMAN BM, WHITEHEAD RH, CARLEY JG. STUDIES OF EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THREE GROUP A ARBOVIRUSES ISOLATED FROM MOSQUITOES IN QUEENSLAND. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 13:322-7. [PMID: 14237809 DOI: 10.1111/imj.1964.13.4.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
49
|
SULKIN SE, ALLEN R, SIMS R, TAYLOR SK. BATS IN RELATION TO ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUSES: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH WITH SPECULATIONS. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1996; 55:1376-85. [PMID: 14334759 PMCID: PMC1256477 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.55.9.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
50
|
|