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Schirtzinger EE, Jasperson DC, Swanson DA, Mitzel D, Drolet BS, Richt JA, Wilson WC. Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:239-244. [PMID: 36260075 PMCID: PMC10091495 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52-60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Schirtzinger
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dustin A Swanson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Foreign Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Balaraman V, Drolet BS, Gaudreault NN, Wilson WC, Owens J, Bold D, Swanson DA, Jasperson DC, Noronha LE, Richt JA, Mitzel DN. Susceptibility of Midge and Mosquito Vectors to SARS-CoV-2. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1948-1951. [PMID: 33686400 PMCID: PMC7989399 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged, highly contagious virus and the cause of the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is a zoonotic virus, although its animal origin is not clear yet. Person-to-person transmission occurs by inhalation of infected droplets and aerosols, or by direct contact with contaminated fomites. Arthropods transmit numerous viral, parasitic, and bacterial diseases; however, the potential role of arthropods in SARS-CoV-2 transmission is not fully understood. Thus far, a few studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 replication is not supported in cells from certain insect species nor in certain species of mosquitoes after intrathoracic inoculation. In this study, we expanded the work of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility to biting insects after ingesting a SARS-CoV-2-infected bloodmeal. Species tested included Culicoides sonorensis (Wirth & Jones) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) biting midges, as well as Culex tarsalis (Coquillett) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), all known biological vectors for numerous RNA viruses. Arthropods were allowed to feed on SARS-CoV-2-spiked blood and at a time point postinfection analyzed for the presence of viral RNA and infectious virus. Additionally, cell lines derived from C. sonorensis (W8a), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) (C6/36), Cx. quinquefasciatus (HSU), and Cx. tarsalis (CxTrR2) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Our results indicate that none of the biting insects, nor the insect cell lines evaluated support SARS-CoV-2 replication, suggesting that these species are unable to be biological vectors of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Natasha N Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - William C Wilson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jeana Owens
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bold
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Dustin A Swanson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Leela E Noronha
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Dana N Mitzel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
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Schirtzinger EE, Jasperson DC, Ruder MG, Stallknecht DE, Chase CCL, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Wilson WC. Evaluation of 2012 US EHDV-2 outbreak isolates for genetic determinants of cattle infection. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:556-567. [PMID: 30869580 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a summer of severe drought and abnormally high temperatures, a major outbreak of EHDV occurred during 2012 in the USA. Although EHDV-1, -2 and -6 were isolated, EHDV-2 was the predominant virus serotype detected during the outbreak. In addition to large losses of white-tailed deer, the Midwest and northern Plains saw a significant amount of clinical disease in cattle. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence comparisons of newly sequenced whole genomes of 2012 EHDV-2 cattle isolates demonstrated that eight of ten EHDV-2 genomic segments show no genetic changes that separate the cattle outbreak sequences from other EHDV-2 isolates. Two segments, VP2 and VP6, did show several unique genetic changes specific to the 2012 cattle outbreak isolates, although the impact of the genetic changes on viral fitness is unknown. The placement of isolates from 2007 and 2011 as sister group to the outbreak isolates, and the similarity between cattle and deer isolates, point to environmental variables as having a greater influence on the severity of the 2012 EHDV outbreak than viral genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Schirtzinger
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- 2Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David E Stallknecht
- 2Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christopher C L Chase
- 3Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, SAR 125, Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Donna J Johnson
- 4United States Department of Agriculture, Animal-Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, PO Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- 4United States Department of Agriculture, Animal-Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, PO Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - William C Wilson
- 1United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
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Gaudreault NN, Mayo CE, Jasperson DC, Crossley BM, Breitmeyer RE, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, MacLachlan NJ, Wilson WC. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Bluetongue virus serotype 2 strains isolated in the Americas including a novel strain from the western United States. J Vet Diagn Invest 2018; 26:553-557. [PMID: 24916442 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714536902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue is a potentially fatal arboviral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is characterized by widespread edema and tissue necrosis. Bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 occur throughout much of the United States, whereas serotype 2 (BTV-2) was previously only detected in the southeastern United States. Since 1998, 10 other BTV serotypes have also been isolated from ruminants in the southeastern United States. In 2010, BTV-2 was identified in California for the first time, and preliminary sequence analysis indicated that the virus isolate was closely related to BTV strains circulating in the southeastern United States. In the current study, the whole genome sequence of the California strain of BTV-2 was compared with those of other BTV-2 strains in the Americas. The results of the analysis suggest co-circulation of genetically distinct viruses in the southeastern United States, and further suggest that the 2010 western isolate is closely related to southeastern strains of BTV. Although it remains uncertain as to how this novel virus was translocated to California, the findings of the current study underscore the need for ongoing surveillance of this economically important livestock disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N Gaudreault
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Christie E Mayo
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Beate M Crossley
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Richard E Breitmeyer
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Donna J Johnson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - N James MacLachlan
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - William C Wilson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson).,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (Mayo, MacLachlan), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (Crossley, Breitmeyer), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.,Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
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Schirtzinger EE, Jasperson DC, Ostlund EN, Johnson DJ, Wilson WC. Recent US bluetongue virus serotype 3 isolates found outside of Florida indicate evidence of reassortment with co-circulating endemic serotypes. J Gen Virol 2017; 99:157-168. [PMID: 29120297 PMCID: PMC5882081 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 1999, 11 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) similar to Central American or Caribbean strains have been isolated in the southeastern United States, predominantly in Florida. The majority of the incursive serotypes have remained restricted to the southeastern US. In recent years, BTV serotype 3 (BTV-3) has been isolated in areas increasingly distant from Florida. The current study uses whole genome sequencing of recent and historical BTV-3 isolates from the US, Central America and the Caribbean with additional sequences from GenBank to conduct phylogenetic analyses. The individual segments of the BTV genome were analysed to determine if recent BTV-3 isolates are reassortants containing genomic segments from endemic US serotypes or if they retain a majority of Central American/Caribbean genotypes. The analyses indicate that BTV-3 isolates Mississippi 2006, Arkansas 2008 and Mississippi 2009 are closely related reassortants that contain five to six genomic segments that are of US origin and two to three segments of Central American/Caribbean origin. In contrast, the BTV-3 South Dakota 2012 isolate contains seven genomic segments that are more similar to isolates from Central American and the Caribbean. These different evolutionary histories of the BTV-3 isolates suggest that there are at least two different lineages of BTV-3 that are currently circulating in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Schirtzinger
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Eileen N Ostlund
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal-Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, PO Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Donna J Johnson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal-Plant Health Inspection Service, National Veterinary Service Laboratories, Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, PO Box 844, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - William C Wilson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
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Wilson WC, Gaudreault NN, Jasperson DC, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Chase CL, Ruder MG, Stallknecht DE. Molecular evolution of American field strains of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses. Vet Ital 2016; 51:269-73. [PMID: 26741243 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.555.2627.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent Orbivirus occurrences in the Americas have been investigated using whole genome amplification and sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. The bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) whole genomes were amplified without prior sequence knowledge and deep sequenced. This technology was applied to evaluate BTV‑3 isolates spanning 4 decades from Florida, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Dakota, Central America, and the Caribbean basin. The results of the dataset analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that these viruses were introduced into the United States from Central America and the Caribbean basin. A similar analysis has been performed on a recent BTV‑2 isolate from California. It indicates that the BTV‑2 strain was likely introduced into Florida and then moved South to the Caribbean and West to California. A historical (1955‑2012) molecular characterisation of EHDV strains was also completed, and subsequently used as reference sequence for comparison of genomes from recent 2012 cattle isolates associated with clinical disease. Finally, this analysis was performed on BTV‑11 isolated from 2 canine cases and demonstrated that the genome sequences of the virus isolates from these cases were almost identical. These studies indicate the value of this technology in understanding virus epidemiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wilson
- Arthropod‑Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Gaudreault NN, Jasperson DC, Dubovi EJ, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Wilson WC. Whole genome sequence analysis of circulating Bluetongue virus serotype 11 strains from the United States including two domestic canine isolates. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:442-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715585156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-transmitted pathogen that typically infects and causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants. BTV is also known to infect domestic canines as discovered when dogs were vaccinated with a BTV-contaminated vaccine. Canine BTV infections have been documented through serological surveys, and natural infection by the Culicoides vector has been suggested. The report of isolation of BTV serotype 11 (BTV-11) from 2 separate domestic canine abortion cases in the states of Texas in 2011 and Kansas in 2012, were apparently unrelated to BTV-contaminated vaccination or consumption of BTV-contaminated raw meat as had been previously speculated. To elucidate the origin and relationship of these 2 domestic canine BTV-11 isolates, whole genome sequencing was performed. Six additional BTV-11 field isolates from Texas, Florida, and Washington, submitted for diagnostic investigation during 2011 and 2013, were also fully sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the BTV-11 domestic canine isolates are virtually identical, and both share high identity with 2 BTV-11 isolates identified from white-tailed deer in Texas in 2011. The results of the current study further support the hypothesis that a BTV-11 strain circulating in the Midwestern states could have been transmitted to the dogs by the infected Culicoides vector. Our study also expands the short list of available BTV-11 sequences, which may aid BTV surveillance and epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Gaudreault
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Dane C. Jasperson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Edward J. Dubovi
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Donna J. Johnson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - Eileen N. Ostlund
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
| | - William C. Wilson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (Gaudreault, Jasperson, Wilson)
- Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (Dubovi)
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Science Technology and Analytical Services, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, Ames, IA (Johnson, Ostlund)
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Wilson WC, Ruder MG, Klement E, Jasperson DC, Yadin H, Stallknecht DE, Mead DG, Howerth E. Genetic characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus strains isolated from cattle in Israel. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:1400-1410. [PMID: 25701817 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), a member of the genus Orbivirus not reported previously in Israel, was isolated from Israeli cattle during a 'bluetongue-like' disease outbreak in 2006. To ascertain the origin of this new virus, three isolates from the outbreak were fully sequenced and compared with available sequences. Whilst the L2 gene segment clustered with the Australian EHDV serotype 7 (EHDV-7) reference strain, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV isolates of African/Middle East origin, specifically Bahrain, Nigeria and South Africa. The M6 gene had genetic relatedness to the Australian/Asian strains, but with the limited data available the significance of this relationship is unclear. Only one EHDV-7 L2 sequence was available, and as this gene encodes the serotype-specific epitope, the relationship of these EHDV-7 L2 genes to an Australian EHDV-7 reflects the serotype association, not necessarily the origin. The genetic data indicated that the strains affecting Israel in 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks that occurred in North Africa in the same year. This finding also supports the hypothesis that EHDV entered Israel during 2006 and was not present there before this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wilson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Eyal Klement
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hagai Yadin
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, Virology Division, Israel
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel G Mead
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Wilson WC, Romito M, Jasperson DC, Weingartl H, Binepal YS, Maluleke MR, Wallace DB, Jansen van Vuren P, Paweska JT. Corrigendum to “Development of a Rift Valley fever real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all three genome segments” [J. Virol. Methods 193 (2) (2014) 426–431]. J Virol Methods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wilson WC, Bawa B, Drolet BS, Lehiy C, Faburay B, Jasperson DC, Reister L, Gaudreault NN, Carlson J, Ma W, Morozov I, McVey DS, Richt JA. Evaluation of lamb and calf responses to Rift Valley fever MP-12 vaccination. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:44-50. [PMID: 24856133 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an important viral disease of animals and humans in Africa and the Middle East that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The disease is of concern to international agricultural and public health communities. The RVFV MP-12 strain has been the most safety tested attenuated vaccine strain; thus it is being considered as a potential vaccine for the US national veterinary stockpile. This study was designed to establish safety protocols for large animal research with virulent RVF viruses, establish a target host immune response baseline using RVF MP-12 strain, and independently evaluate this strain as a potential US emergency response vaccine. Ten, approximately four month-old lambs and calves were vaccinated with RVF MP-12 strain; two additional animals per species provided negative control specimens. The animals were monitored for clinical and immune response, fever, and viremia. Two animals per species were sacrificed on 2, 3, 4, 10 and 28 days post infection and full necropsies were performed for histopathological examination. No clinical or febrile responses were observed in this study. The onset and titer of the immune response is discussed. There was no significant histopathology in the lambs; however, 6 out of 10 vaccinated calves had multifocal, random areas of hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. RVF MP12 antigen was detected in these areas of necrosis by immunohistochemistry in one calf. This study provides independent and baseline information on the RVF MP-12 attenuated vaccination in vaccine relevant age target species and indicates the importance of performing safety testing on vaccine relevant aged target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Wilson
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.
| | - Bhupinder Bawa
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Chris Lehiy
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Bonto Faburay
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Lindsey Reister
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Natasha N Gaudreault
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jolene Carlson
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- USDA-ARS Arthropod-Borne Animal Disease Research Unit (ABADRU), Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Jürgen A Richt
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology and Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases (CEEZAD), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Maclachlan NJ, Wilson WC, Crossley BM, Mayo CE, Jasperson DC, Breitmeyer RE, Whiteford AM. Novel serotype of bluetongue virus, western North America. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:665-6. [PMID: 23750753 PMCID: PMC3647407 DOI: 10.3201/eid1904.120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Clavijo A, Sun F, Lester T, Jasperson DC, Wilson WC. An improved real-time polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of all serotypes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:588-93. [PMID: 20622230 DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is a significant pathogen of wild and sometimes domestic ungulates worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for virus detection and identification play an essential part in the control of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD). In the present study, a 1-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) group-specific assay was developed. The assay detects genome segment 5 (NS1) from all of the 8 serotypes of EHDV. Assay sensitivity was evaluated relative to a conventional gel-based nested PCR using cell culture-derived virus and diagnostic samples from clinically affected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The assay reliably amplified the NS1 gene from any of the EHDV strains tested, including isolates from each of the 8 EHDV serotypes. No cross-reactions were detected when all 24 serotypes of Bluetongue virus, a closely related member of the genus Orbivirus, were tested. A panel of 76 known EHDV-positive clinical samples was used to compare the performance of the assay relative to a previously reported real-time PCR assay. Results indicated that there was no statistically significant difference between the threshold cycle values obtained with both assays. A collection of 178 diagnostic samples submitted for EHD diagnosis was also used for test evaluation. The assay could be applied for rapid detection of EHDV in clinical samples from susceptible ruminants during an outbreak of the disease. In addition, this PCR assay has the benefits of being reliable and simple and could provide a valuable tool for studying the epidemiology of EHDV infection in susceptible ruminants by facilitating the detection of EHDV, regardless of the serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Clavijo
- Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 1 Sippel Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
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