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Alonso-del Valle A, Toribio-Celestino L, Quirant A, Pi CT, DelaFuente J, Canton R, Rocha EPC, Ubeda C, Peña-Miller R, San Millan A. Antimicrobial resistance level and conjugation permissiveness shape plasmid distribution in clinical enterobacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314135120. [PMID: 38096417 PMCID: PMC10741383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugative plasmids play a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across bacterial pathogens. AMR plasmids are widespread in clinical settings, but their distribution is not random, and certain associations between plasmids and bacterial clones are particularly successful. For example, the globally spread carbapenem resistance plasmid pOXA-48 can use a wide range of enterobacterial species as hosts, but it is usually associated with a small number of specific Klebsiella pneumoniae clones. These successful associations represent an important threat for hospitalized patients. However, knowledge remains limited about the factors determining AMR plasmid distribution in clinically relevant bacteria. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to analyze pOXA-48-associated AMR levels and conjugation dynamics in a collection of wild-type enterobacterial strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Our results revealed significant variability in these traits across different bacterial hosts, with Klebsiella spp. strains showing higher pOXA-48-mediated AMR and conjugation frequencies than Escherichia coli strains. Using experimentally determined parameters, we developed a simple mathematical model to interrogate the contribution of AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness to plasmid distribution in bacterial communities. The simulations revealed that a small subset of clones, combining high AMR levels and conjugation permissiveness, play a critical role in stabilizing the plasmid in different polyclonal microbial communities. These results help to explain the preferential association of plasmid pOXA-48 with K. pneumoniae clones in clinical settings. More generally, our study reveals that species- and strain-specific variability in plasmid-associated phenotypes shape AMR evolution in clinically relevant bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Alonso-del Valle
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Laura Toribio-Celestino
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Anna Quirant
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia46020, Spain
| | - Carles Tardio Pi
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca62209, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Unidad Académica Yucatán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Yucatán04510, México
| | - Javier DelaFuente
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Rafael Canton
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-Instituto Ramon y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria, Madrid28034, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Eduardo P. C. Rocha
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris75015, France
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia46020, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Rafael Peña-Miller
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca62209, México
| | - Alvaro San Millan
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid28049, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid28029, Spain
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2
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Le Chevalier F, Authié P, Chardenoux S, Bourgine M, Vesin B, Cussigh D, Sassier Y, Fert I, Noirat A, Nemirov K, Anna F, Bérard M, Guinet F, Hardy D, Charneau P, Lemonnier F, Langa-Vives F, Majlessi L. Mice humanized for MHC and hACE2 with high permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 omicron replication. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105142. [PMID: 37080384 PMCID: PMC10113602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the major receptor enabling host cell invasion by SARS-CoV-2 via interaction with Spike. The murine ACE2 does not interact efficiently with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and therefore the laboratory mouse strains are not permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we generated new hACE2 transgenic mice, which harbor the hACE2 gene under the human keratin 18 promoter, in "HHD-DR1" background. HHD-DR1 mice are fully devoid of murine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules of class-I and -II and express only MHC molecules from Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) HLA 02.01, DRA01.01, DRB1.01.01 alleles, widely expressed in human populations. We selected three transgenic strains, with various hACE2 mRNA expression levels and distinctive profiles of lung and/or brain permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 replication. These new hACE2 transgenic strains display high permissiveness to the replication of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants, while the previously available B6.K18-ACE22Prlmn/JAX mice have been reported to be poorly susceptible to infection with Omicron. As a first application, one of these MHC- and ACE2-humanized strains was successfully used to show the efficacy of a lentiviral-based COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Le Chevalier
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Authié
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Sébastien Chardenoux
- Mouse Genetics Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Benjamin Vesin
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Delphine Cussigh
- Mouse Genetics Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Yohann Sassier
- Mouse Genetics Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Ingrid Fert
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Amandine Noirat
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Kirill Nemirov
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - François Anna
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Marion Bérard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, DT, Animalerie Centrale, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Françoise Guinet
- Lymphocytes and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Immunology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - David Hardy
- Histopathology Platform, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - François Lemonnier
- Unit, Institut Cochin - INSERM U1016 - CNRS UMR8104 - Paris F-75014, France.
| | - Francina Langa-Vives
- Mouse Genetics Engineering, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75724 Paris, France.
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Virology Department, 75724 Paris, France.
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3
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Mela AP, Glass NL. Permissiveness and competition within and between Neurospora crassa syncytia. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad112. [PMID: 37313736 PMCID: PMC10411585 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A multinucleate syncytium is a common growth form in filamentous fungi. Comprehensive functions of the syncytial state remain unknown, but it likely allows for a wide range of adaptations to enable filamentous fungi to coordinate growth, reproduction, responses to the environment, and to distribute nuclear and cytoplasmic elements across a colony. Indeed, the underlying mechanistic details of how syncytia regulate cellular and molecular processes spatiotemporally across a colony are largely unexplored. Here, we implemented a strategy to analyze the relative fitness of different nuclear populations in syncytia of Neurospora crassa, including nuclei with loss-of-function mutations in essential genes, based on production of multinucleate asexual spores using flow cytometry of pairings between strains with differentially fluorescently tagged nuclear histones. The distribution of homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores in pairings was assessed between different auxotrophic and morphological mutants, as well as with strains that were defective in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible. Mutant nuclei were compartmentalized into both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores, a type of bet hedging for maintenance and evolution of mutational events, despite disadvantages to the syncytium. However, in pairings between strains that were blocked in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible, we observed a "winner-takes-all" phenotype, where asexual spores originating from paired strains were predominantly one genotype. These data indicate that syncytial fungal cells are permissive and tolerate a wide array of nuclear functionality, but that cells/colonies that are unable to cooperate via syncytia formation actively compete for resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Mela
- The Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - N Louise Glass
- The Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Moradigaravand D, Li L, Dechesne A, Nesme J, de la Cruz R, Ahmad H, Banzhaf M, Sørensen SJ, Smets BF, Kreft JU. Plasmid permissiveness of wastewater microbiomes can be predicted from 16S rRNA sequences by machine learning. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad400. [PMID: 37348862 PMCID: PMC10318386 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbor a dense and diverse microbial community. They constantly receive antimicrobial residues and resistant strains, and therefore provide conditions for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. This facilitates the transmission of clinically important genes between, e.g. enteric and environmental bacteria, and vice versa. Despite the clinical importance, tools for predicting HGT remain underdeveloped. RESULTS In this study, we examined to which extent water cycle microbial community composition, as inferred by partial 16S rRNA gene sequences, can predict plasmid permissiveness, i.e. the ability of cells to receive a plasmid through conjugation, based on data from standardized filter mating assays using fluorescent bio-reporter plasmids. We leveraged a range of machine learning models for predicting the permissiveness for each taxon in the community, representing the range of hosts a plasmid is able to transfer to, for three broad host-range resistance IncP plasmids (pKJK5, pB10, and RP4). Our results indicate that the predicted permissiveness from the best performing model (random forest) showed a moderate-to-strong average correlation of 0.49 for pB10 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44-0.55], 0.43 for pKJK5 (0.95% CI: 0.41-0.49), and 0.53 for RP4 (0.95% CI: 0.48-0.57) with the experimental permissiveness in the unseen test dataset. Predictive phylogenetic signals occurred despite the broad host-range nature of these plasmids. Our results provide a framework that contributes to the assessment of the risk of AMR pollution in wastewater systems. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The predictive tool is available as an application at https://github.com/DaneshMoradigaravand/PlasmidPerm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh Moradigaravand
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, KAUST Smart-Health Initiative and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liguan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roberto de la Cruz
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Huda Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, KAUST Smart-Health Initiative and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Banzhaf
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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5
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Schirtzinger EE, Jasperson DC, Swanson DA, Mitzel D, Drolet BS, Richt JA, Wilson WC. Establishment of a Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) Cell Line and its Permissiveness to Arbovirus Infection. J Med Entomol 2023; 60:239-244. [PMID: 36260075 PMCID: PMC10091495 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A cell line was established from Culex tarsalis Coquillett embryonated eggs and designated as CxTr. The cell line is heterogeneous, composed predominantly of small, round cells, and spindle-shaped cells with a doubling time of approximately 52-60 h. The identity of the cell line was verified as Cx. tarsalis by sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and the cells were found to be free of contaminating cells, bacteria, fungi, and mycoplasma. The permissiveness of CxTr cells to arbovirus infection was investigated with vaccine and wildtype arboviruses from four viral families: Flaviviridae (Japanese encephalitis virus), Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever phlebovirus), Rhabdoviridae (vesicular stomatitis virus), and Togaviridae (Mayaro virus). All viruses were able to infect and replicate within CxTr cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Schirtzinger
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dane C Jasperson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dustin A Swanson
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Dana Mitzel
- Foreign Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Barbara S Drolet
- Arthropod-borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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6
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Dockrell DH, Russell CD, McHugh B, Fraser R. Does autonomous macrophage-driven inflammation promote alveolar damage in COVID-19? Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2201521. [PMID: 36028257 PMCID: PMC9411729 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01521-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused devastating effects with over 550 million infections by July 2022 and approximately 6.4 million deaths [1]. Societal and economic impacts will reverberate for years, with continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 as it persistently spreads through the human population as exemplified by reduced activity of vaccines and monoclonals against Omicron BA.4 or BA.5 subvariants [2]. A greater understanding of pathogenesis and more tailored therapeutic approaches are therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Dockrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Clark D Russell
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian McHugh
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rupsha Fraser
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Crivello P, He M, Wang T, Gadalla SM, Paczesny S, Marsh SGE, Lee SJ, Spellman SR, Bolon YT, Fleischhauer K. A core group of structurally similar HLA-DPB1 alleles drives permissiveness after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2022; 140:659-663. [PMID: 35609150 PMCID: PMC9373015 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022015708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Pietro Crivello
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Meilun He
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Institutes of Health-National Cancer Institute Clinical Genetics Branch, Rockville, MD
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen R Spellman
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yung-Tsi Bolon
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katharina Fleischhauer
- Institute for Experimental Cellular Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
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Pirisinu L, Di Bari MA, D’Agostino C, Vanni I, Riccardi G, Marcon S, Vaccari G, Chiappini B, Benestad SL, Agrimi U, Nonno R. A single amino acid residue in bank vole prion protein drives permissiveness to Nor98/atypical scrapie and the emergence of multiple strain variants. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010646. [PMID: 35731839 PMCID: PMC9255773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious agents that replicate through the autocatalytic misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into infectious aggregates (PrPSc) causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, which are encoded by conformational variants of PrPSc. The transmissibility of prions depends on the PrPC sequence of the recipient host and on the incoming prion strain, so that some animal prion strains are more contagious than others or are transmissible to new species, including humans. Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS) is a prion disease of sheep and goats reported in several countries worldwide. At variance with classical scrapie (CS), AS is considered poorly contagious and is supposed to be spontaneous in origin. The zoonotic potential of AS, its strain variability and the relationships with the more contagious CS strains remain largely unknown. We characterized AS isolates from sheep and goats by transmission in ovinised transgenic mice (tg338) and in two genetic lines of bank voles, carrying either methionine (BvM) or isoleucine (BvI) at PrP residue 109. All AS isolates induced the same pathological phenotype in tg338 mice, thus proving that they encoded the same strain, irrespective of their geographical origin or source species. In bank voles, we found that the M109I polymorphism dictates the susceptibility to AS. BvI were susceptible and faithfully reproduced the AS strain, while the transmission in BvM was highly inefficient and was characterized by a conformational change towards a CS-like prion strain. Sub-passaging experiments revealed that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible animals. These findings add new clues for a better comprehension of strain selection dynamics in prion infections and have wider implications for understanding the origin of contagious prion strains, such as CS. Prions are transmissible agents responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, exhibiting distinct disease phenotypes and transmission properties. Some prion diseases occur sporadically with a supposedly spontaneous origin, while others are contagious and give rise to epidemics, mainly in animals. We investigated the strain properties of Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS), a sporadic prion disease of small ruminants. We found that AS was faithfully reproduced not only in a homologous context, i.e. ovinised transgenic mice, but also in an unrelated animal species, the bank vole. A natural polymorphism of the bank vole prion protein, coding for methionine (BvM) or for isoleucine (BvI) at codon 109, dictated the susceptibility of voles to AS, with BvI being highly susceptible to AS and BvM rather resistant. Most importantly, the M109I polymorphism mediated the emergence of AS-derived mutant prion strains resembling classical scrapie (CS), a contagious prion disease. Finally, by sub-passages in bank voles, we found that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible vole lines. These findings allow a better understanding of strain selection dynamics and suggest a link between sporadic and contagious prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcon
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vaccari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Chiappini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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9
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Rong Z, Wen Z, Maoxu L, Ya L, Song F, Hui W, Xiaozhen T, Yunli Y. Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and attitudes toward premarital sexual permissiveness among middle school students in Luzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:71. [PMID: 35016651 PMCID: PMC8753910 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the number of adolescents engaging in premarital sex has increased, and an increasing number of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases have been reported in China. Many studies have indicated that CSA has a well-established association with risky sexual activities. However, only a limited number of studies have explored possible reasons for this association among middle school students, a population that may engage in premarital sex, which is critical for the development of interventions to prevent risky sexual behavior. Based on random samples of middle school students from a Chinese city, this article investigated the relationship between CSA and students' premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP). METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Luzhou, China, 2292 middle school and high school students aged 12-18 years were recruited by multistage random sampling. All students were administered anonymous questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between CSA and PSP. RESULTS The prevalence of CSA was 15.4% (354/2292; 95% CI: 14-16.9%). A higher percentage of male respondents (18.2%) than female respondents (12.9%) had experienced CSA. A positive association between CSA and PSP was found among students. Respondents who had suffered CSA exhibited greater PSP, and this relationship was observed in the male sample, female sample and the total student sample in Luzhou (β = - 3.76, P < 0.05; β = - 2.79, P < 0.05; and β = - 2.84, P < 0.05, respectively). Respondents who had suffered CSA were also more likely to express a double standard about premarital sex (odds ratio [OR] =1.41, P < 0.05), especially among male students (odds ratio [OR] =1.63, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in CSA and the relationship between CSA and PSP were significant among this large sample of middle school students in Luzhou (China). The findings suggest that experiencing CSA may be closely related to youth attitudes toward premarital sex, especially among males. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the prevention of CSA and provide adolescent reproductive health programs to reduce the impact of CSA on sexual cognition and attitude, prevent premarital sex and promote positive attitudes toward sexual equality for middle school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Rong
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Liao Maoxu
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liu Ya
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fan Song
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Hui
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tan Xiaozhen
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ye Yunli
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Waldron KA, Turrisi RJ, Mallett KA, Romano E. Examining parental permissiveness toward drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination as risk factors for drinking outcomes among Latinx college students. Addict Behav 2021; 118:106900. [PMID: 33743494 PMCID: PMC8026724 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite almost 1 in 5 college students being Latinx, research examining risk factors for college alcohol misuse and consequences to inform prevention efforts for Latinx is limited. The current study attempts to address a health disparity among Latinx college students by examining the effects of parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination on drinking outcomes. METHODS Latinx students from three large and geographically diverse public universities (N = 215; 73% female) completed measures during the fall of their first (T1) and second (T2) years. Analyses used moderated regression with bootstrapping to obtain asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals. Parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination were assessed as predictors at T1. Drinking outcomes were assessed at T2 as typical weekly drinking, peak blood alcohol content (BAC), and alcohol-related consequences. RESULTS T1 permissiveness was significantly positively associated with T2 peak BAC. T1 discrimination significantly moderated the association between T1 permissiveness and T2 peak BAC as well as T2 consequences. The effects of T1 permissiveness on T2 peak BAC and T2 consequences were stronger among Latinx who experienced above-average levels of T1 discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that among Latinx parental permissiveness of underage drinking and perceived ethnic discrimination are risk factors for peak BAC and alcohol-related consequences. The positive associations between parental permissiveness and peak BAC/consequences were stronger among Latinx students who experienced high levels of ethnic discrimination. Efforts to address these risk factors in future culturally sensitive parent-based interventions for Latinx college students are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Waldron
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Robert J Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Eduardo Romano
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD 20705, USA
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11
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van Herwijnen IR, Corbee RJ, Endenburg N, Beerda B, van der Borg JAM. Permissive parenting of the dog associates with dog overweight in a survey among 2,303 Dutch dog owners. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237429. [PMID: 32780776 PMCID: PMC7418960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight/obese dogs are at increased risk of health issues and it is up to the dog owner to uphold successful weight management. In children, overweight relates to their parent’s permissive style of parenting. We predicted that permissive dog-directed parenting likewise associates with a dog being overweight (including obesity). If styles in parenting dogs indeed associate with a dog’s overweight, these may provide action points for effective weight management. For 2,303 Dutch dog owners, answers on their dog’s (nine-point scale) body condition scores were compared to ways of parenting the dog. We used an adapted version of the 32-item Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and compared the distributions of dog counts across aggregated body condition score categories of underweight (scores one to three), healthy-weight (scores four and five) and overweight/obese (scores six to nine) with Chi-square tests across the quartiles of a given parenting style. Overweight/obese dogs were overrepresented in the quartile of dog owners with the highest level of permissive parenting, which is in line with findings on parenting styles and overweight/obesity in children. Supplementary logistic regression analyses on the likelihood of dogs being overweight/obese (i.e. having a body condition score of six or higher) confirmed the importance of parenting and identified the risk factors of dogs having little exercise, being of older age, neutered or owned by someone with lower level education. Our results indicate that strategies to promote proper weight management in dogs could benefit from addressing especially a dog owner’s permissiveness in parenting his/her dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke R. van Herwijnen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Behavioural Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronald J. Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Endenburg
- Department of Population Health, Unit Animals in Sciences and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bonne Beerda
- Department of Animal Sciences, Behavioural Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne A. M. van der Borg
- Department of Population Health, Unit Animals in Sciences and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Treger S, Schmitt DP. Independent, Autonomous, and Permissive: Examining the Links Between Self-Construal and Sexual Permissiveness. J Sex Res 2019; 56:705-717. [PMID: 29746189 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1465884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Much of the research on sexual attitudes has focused on biological sex as a predictor variable. This work has consistently demonstrated that men are more permissive in attitudes toward casual sex than are women. Less is known, however, about how other individual difference variables may shape sexual attitudes. In this research, we considered whether self-construal (whether one believes that others are or are not part of their self-concept) influences people's attitudes toward casual sex. Specifically, we posited that an independent self-construal is positively related to, and an interdependent self-construal is negatively related to, sexual permissiveness. Two cross-sectional studies (ns = 517 and 212) yielded support for these hypotheses. We further considered autonomy as a potential process variable. A mediation analysis revealed that self-construal was related to autonomy, which in turn positively predicted sexual attitudes and drove this association. We integrate these findings into the literature on sexual attitudes and discuss theoretical insights derived from our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Schmitt
- b Centre for Culture and Evolution, Division of Psychology , Brunel University London
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13
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Van Vleck VNL. Detecting DUI (Non) deterrence: A macro-methodology to uncover "restrictive v permissive" county jurisdictions in California. Accid Anal Prev 2019; 125:241-248. [PMID: 30798149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper builds a method to detect the apparent restrictiveness or permissiveness of communities towards drunk-driving. A framework of three mutually interacting community domains is used to motivate a minimum set of DUI patterns to be expected from an appropriately deterrent environment. Based on the (simplified) system dynamics model, an empirical estimation strategy and scoring methodology is outlined. This "macroscopic" approach is demonstrated using results from time-series panel analyses of California's 58 counties for the years 1990 to 2010 (Van Vleck et al., 2017). The process successfully classified three-quarters of California counties, encompassing almost 90% of the state population. The paper demonstrates a potential tool to classify communities' systemic behavior toward drinking-and-driving and other enforcement-sensitive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Va Nee L Van Vleck
- California State University, Fresno, 5245 N Backer Ave, 93740-8001, Fresno, California, United States.
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Patock-Peckham JA, Walters KJ, Mehok LE, Leeman RF, Ruof AK, Moses JF. The Direct and Indirect Influences of Parenting: The Facets of Time-Perspective and Impaired Control Along the Alcohol-related Problems Pathway. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 54:78-88. [PMID: 30395760 PMCID: PMC7067601 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1495739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Learning Theory suggests how one conceptualizes time will be passed from parent to child (Bandura & Walters, 1963). Through the lens of Behavioral Economics Theory (Vuchinich & Simpson, 1998), impaired control may be characterized as consuming alcohol as a form of immediate gratification as a choice over more distal rewards. Because impaired control reflects a self-regulation failure specific to the drinking situation, it may be directly related to time-perspectives. OBJECTIVES This investigation explored whether or not the indirect influences of perceived parenting styles on alcohol use and related problems is mediated by both facets of time-perspective (e.g. hedonism, present-fatalism, future, past-positive, past-negative) and impaired control over drinking. METHODS We examined a structural equation model with 391 (207 women; 184 men) college student drinkers. We used an asymmetric bias-corrected bootstrap technique to conduct mediational analyses (MacKinnon, 2008). RESULTS Higher levels of past-positive time-perspective were indirectly linked to both less alcohol use and fewer alcohol-related problems through less impaired control. In contrast, higher levels of present-fatalism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more impaired control. Higher levels of father permissiveness and mother authoritarianism were indirectly linked to both more impaired control and alcohol use through more present-fatalism. In addition, higher levels of father authoritarianism were indirectly linked to more alcohol use through more hedonism. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Our results support the notion that drinking beyond one's self-prescribed limits is associated with time-perspectives related to negative aspects of the parent-offspring socialization process, such as fatalism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle J. Walters
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069
| | - Lauren E. Mehok
- Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 Nth Blackford Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Robert F. Leeman
- University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive Gainsville, FL 32611and Yale School of Medicine 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Ariana K. Ruof
- Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Ave. Tempe, AZ 85287-1104
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15
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Taran PK, Kaya MS, Bakkal M, Özalp Ş. The Effect of Parenting Styles on Behavior Management Technique Preferences in a Turkish Population. Pediatr Dent 2018; 40:360-364. [PMID: 30355432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between parenting style and parental preferences for behavior management techniques in a Turkish population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for a three-month period among the parents and children who applied for treatment in a university clinic. Parenting style was determined using the parenting style dimension questionnaire, and parental dental anxiety (PDA) was rated with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Behavior management technique (BMT) preferences were rated by the parents after a videotape presentation. Chi-square tests and likelihood ratios were used for statistical analysis, and the significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: A total of 142 three- to 12-year-olds (mean age equals 6.83±2.71 years old) and their parents participated in the study. Most parents had an authoritative parenting style and preferred positive reinforcement. Parenting style and PDA were significantly associated with preferences for BMTs (P<0.05). Although the children with high-anxiety parents showed more negative behaviors and the children with low-anxiety parents behaved more positively, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In addition, PDA was not associated with parenting styles (P>0.05). Conclusions: Parenting style and parental dental anxiety should be considered in the selection of behavior guidance techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kınay Taran
- Assistant professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey;,
| | - Mustafa Sarp Kaya
- Assistant professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Bakkal
- Assistant professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şerife Özalp
- Assistant professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Lee DW, Kim JG, Yang YM. The Influence of Parenting Style on Child Behavior and Dental Anxiety. Pediatr Dent 2018; 40:327-333. [PMID: 30355427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Previous studies provide mixed and inconclusive evidence for an effect of parenting style on children's dental anxiety and behavior. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between parenting style and children's dental anxiety and behavior and assess the methodological quality of published literature. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles published up to November 1, 2017. The children's dental anxiety score and behavior score were the primary outcomes. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa score was used to assess methodological quality. Of the 983 articles identified, eight cross-sectional studies, with a total of 1,611 participants, met our inclusion criteria. Results: We observed significant differences in children's dental anxiety and behavior, according to parenting style, in studies of preschool children without dental experience or a history of dental phobia. Conversely, no differences were seen in studies of school-aged children with previous dental experience or who were referred to a dentist. Conclusions: The evidence supports a relationship between parenting style and children's dental anxiety and behavior. However, this association was limited to preschool children with no dental experience or dental phobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Woo Lee
- Assistant professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gon Kim
- Professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Yang
- Professor, in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;,
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Abstract
Despite increasing concerns that adolescent men are vulnerable to developing compulsive pornography use, little research has been done in this area. Given recent theorizing and research concerning moral incongruence, we hypothesized that symptoms of compulsive pornography use should generally be associated with higher levels of pornography use and increased growth in male adolescent pornography use over time, but that this pattern would be attenuated among very religious participants. These hypotheses were tested with mixed effects growth models using two independent panel samples of male Croatian adolescents. As expected, adolescent men who reported features of compulsive pornography use tended to exhibited higher levels of pornography use. However, contrary to expectations, increased growth in pornography use was limited to more religious compulsive users. Compared to nonreligious compulsive users, these adolescents started with lower initial levels of pornography use and their use increased over time at a greater rate of change. This study's results are the first to suggest that some adolescent men who report high levels of pornography use tend to exhibit symptoms of compulsive use, which highlights a need for counseling and therapeutic attention. Our findings also have implications for the emerging theory of moral incongruence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kohut
- a Department of Psychology , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
- b Department of Sociology , University of Zagreb , Zagreb , Croatia
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Batool N, Shehzadi H, Riaz MN, Riaz MA. Paternal malparenting and offspring personality disorders: Mediating effect of early maladaptive schemas. J PAK MED ASSOC 2017; 67:556-560. [PMID: 28420915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mediating role of maladaptive schemas between permissive/authoritarian parenting by fathers and personality disorders, including histrionic, antisocial, narcissistic and depressive attitudes among adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, and comprised university students. Data was collected by administering the parental authority questionnaire, the young schema questionnaire and the personality diagnostic questionnaire. SPSS 23 was used for data analysis. The study was completed in one year. It was started from June 2014 and ended in June 2015. RESULTS Of the 200 participants who were handed the questionnaires, 100(50%) returned it fully filled up. Of them, 87(87%) were women and 13(13%) were men. All scales had greater than 0.70 alpha reliability coefficients. The values of skewness for all scales ranged from 0.10 to 0.86.Permissive parenting style had positive correlation with histrionic (p<0.05), narcissistic (p<0.05) and antisocial personality disorders (p<0.01). Authoritarian parenting had positive correlation with early maladaptive schemas (p<0.01) and depressive personality disorder (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both permissive and authoritarian parenting styles led to personality disorders among offspring in the adult phase of their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Batool
- Department of Psychology, University of Haripur, Haripur
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Levinson AR, Speed BC, Nelson B, Bress JN, Hajcak G. Authoritarian parenting predicts reduced electrocortical response to observed adolescent offspring rewards. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:363-371. [PMID: 27613780 PMCID: PMC5390718 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenting styles are robust predictors of offspring outcomes, yet little is known about their neural underpinnings. In this study, 44 parent-adolescent dyads (Mage of adolescent = 12.9) completed a laboratory guessing task while EEG was continuously recorded. In the task, each pair member received feedback about their own monetary wins and losses and also observed the monetary wins and losses of the other member of the pair. We examined the association between self-reported parenting style and parents' electrophysiological responses to watching their adolescent winning and losing money, dubbed the observational Reward Positivity (RewP) and observational feedback negativity (FN), respectively. Self-reported authoritarian parenting predicted reductions in parents' observational RewP but not FN. This predictive relationship remained after adjusting for sex of both participants, parents' responsiveness to their own wins, and parental psychopathology. 'Exploratory analyses found that permissive parenting was associated with a blunting of the adolescents' response to their parents' losses'. These findings suggest that parents' rapid neural responses to their child's successes may relate to the harsh parenting behaviors associated with authoritarian parenting.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Student mental health may suffer due to unreasonable expectations associated with academic entitlement; permissive parenting may be one source of these expectations. The authors examined the role of academic entitlement as a mediator of the relationship between permissive parenting and psychological functioning. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 524 undergraduate students at a single institution (52% female; age range = 18-22). Data collection was completed in May 2011. METHODS Cross-sectional design. Participants completed online self-report measures of parenting styles, academic entitlement, stress, depressive symptoms, and well-being. RESULTS Permissive parenting was associated with greater academic entitlement and, in turn, to more perceived stress and poorer mental health. Mother/father differences were found in some cases. CONCLUSIONS Academic entitlement may partially explain why permissive parenting is detrimentally related to mental health for college students. Implications for academic affairs and counseling include helping students develop an appreciation of the role of self-regulation in college success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Barton
- a Department of Teaching and Learning , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , Tennessee , USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- b Department of Psychology , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , Tennessee , USA
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Aminabadi NA, Deljavan AS, Jamali Z, Azar FP, Oskouei SG. The Influence of Parenting Style and Child Temperament on Child-Parent-Dentist Interactions. Pediatr Dent 2015; 37:342-347. [PMID: 26314601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the interaction between parenting style and child's temperament as modulators of anxiety and behavior in children during the dental procedure. METHODS Healthy four- to six-year-olds (n equals 288), with carious primary molars scheduled to receive amalgam fillings were selected. The Primary Caregivers Practices Report was used to assess the parenting style, and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form was used to evaluate child temperament. Children were managed using common behavior management strategies. Child behavior and anxiety during the procedure were assessed using the Frankl behavior rating scale and the verbal skill scale, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation among variables. RESULTS Authoritative parenting style was positively related to positive child's behavior (P<.05) and negatively related to child's anxiety (P<.05). A positive relationship existed between permissive subscale and negative behaviors (P<.05) and child's anxiety (P<.05). There was a significant direct effect of authoritative parenting style on the effortful control trait (P<.05) and permissive parent style on the child negative affectivity (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Parenting style appeared to mediate child temperament and anxiety, and was related to the child's behavior. Parenting style should be considered in the selection of behavior guidance techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Asl Aminabadi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Jamali
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pournaghi Azar
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Howenstein J, Kumar A, Casamassimo PS, McTigue D, Coury D, Yin H. Correlating parenting styles with child behavior and caries. Pediatr Dent 2015; 37:59-64. [PMID: 25685975 PMCID: PMC4559268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the relationship between parenting style, sociodemographic data, caries status, and child's behavior during the first dental visit. METHODS Parents/legal guardians of new patients aged three to six years presenting to Nationwide Children's Hospital dental clinic for an initial examination/hygiene appointment completed the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) to assess parenting style and a 15-question demographic survey. Blinded and calibrated expanded function dental auxiliaries or dental hygienists (EFDA/DH) performed a prophylaxis and assessed child behavior using the Frankl scale (inter-rater reliability was 92 percent). A blinded and calibrated dentist performed an oral examination. RESULTS 132 parent/child dyads participated. Children with authoritative parents exhibited more positive behavior (P<.001) and less caries (P<.001) compared to children with authoritarian and permissive parents. Children attending daycare exhibited more positive behavior compared to children who did not (P<.001). Patients with private dental insurance exhibited more positive behavior (P>.04) and less caries (P>.024) compared to children with Medicaid or no dental insurance. CONCLUSIONS Authoritative parenting and having private dental insurance were associated with less caries and better behavior during the first dental visit. Attending daycare was associated with better behavior during the first dental visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Howenstein
- Pediatric dentist in private practice, Dakota Dunes, S.D., USA.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Paul S Casamassimo
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Oral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dennis McTigue
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Coury
- Section of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Han Yin
- Biostats Core, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Wahler RG, Cerezo MA. The Mothering of Conduct Problem and Normal Children in Spain and the USA: Authoritarian and Permissive Asynchrony. Span J Psychol 2014; 8:205-14. [PMID: 16255387 DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600005084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-two clinic-referred and nonclinical mother-child dyads in Spain and the USA were observed in their home settings under naturalistic conditions for a total of 477 hours. Children in the clinic-referred dyads were considered troubled because of conduct problems. The observations were aimed at assessing two forms of mother-child asynchrony, either of which was expected to differentiate clinic referred from nonclinical dyads. Authoritarian asynchrony was defined as a mother's indiscriminate use of aversive reactions to her child, whereas the permissive form entailed indiscriminate positive reactions. Results showed the American mothers to generate more permissive asynchrony, whereas the Spanish mothers were inclined in the authoritarian direction. Only authoritarian asynchrony differentiated the clinical versus nonclinical dyads in each country. Discussion was centered on the greater salience of aversive as opposed to positive maternal attention, and cultural differences between countries that might have accounted for the different parenting styles.
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Colomer-Diago C, Berenguer-Forner C, Tárraga-Mínguez R, Miranda-Casas A. [Discipline styles and co-morbid disorders of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study]. Rev Neurol 2014; 58 Suppl 1:S31-S36. [PMID: 25252665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Problems in cognitive functioning, social and educational development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to be present in adolescence and adulthood. Although the literature shows a significant relationship between the use of dysfunctional discipline methods and severity in the course of ADHD, follow-up studies have been rare. AIMS To analyze parenting style and ADHD symptomatology assessed in childhood (time 1) to predict the oppositional behavior and cognitive problems in early adolescence (time 2), and to study, depending on the use of dysfunctional parenting style, the course of oppositional behavior and cognitive problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-five children with ADHD-combined presentation were assessed in two different moments: time 1 (ages: 6-13) and time 2 (ages: 8-16). RESULTS Oppositionism and cognitive problems in the follow-up were predicted by dysfunctional discipline styles and ADHD severity (assessed in time 1). Oppositional behavior increased between time 1 and time 2 in children with a dysfunctional parenting, whereas a decrease on oppositional symptoms was observed in the functional parenting group (time x discipline interaction effect). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional parenting practices in childhood predicted cognitive and behavioral problems associated in adolescence. The findings have implications for the planning of interventions.
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Sprecher S, Treger S, Sakaluk JK. Premarital sexual standards and sociosexuality: gender, ethnicity, and cohort differences. Arch Sex Behav 2013; 42:1395-1405. [PMID: 23842785 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-013-0145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present results from a "cohort-longitudinal" analysis of sexual attitudes and behaviors based on a large sample of young adults (N = 7,777) obtained from a university setting over a 23-year period. We investigated gender, ethnicity, and cohort differences in sexual permissiveness, endorsement of the double standard, and sociosexuality. Compared to women, men had more permissive attitudes, particularly about sex in casual relationships, endorsed the double standard to a greater degree, and had a more unrestricted sociosexuality. Black men were generally more permissive than White, Hispanic, and Asian men, whereas ethnic differences were not found among women. Participants from the 1995-1999 cohort were slightly less permissive than those from the 1990-1994 and 2005-2012 cohorts. Although prior meta-analytic studies (e.g., Petersen & Hyde, 2010) found reduced gender differences in sexuality over time, our cohort analyses suggest that gender differences in sexual permissiveness have not changed over the past two decades among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sprecher
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4660, USA,
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Herbert SD, Harvey EA, Lugo-Candelas CI, Breaux RP. Early fathering as a predictor of later psychosocial functioning among preschool children with behavior problems. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2013; 41:691-703. [PMID: 23269560 PMCID: PMC4641444 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9706-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of early fathering in subsequent trajectories of social emotional and academic functioning of preschool children with behavior problems. Participants were 128 preschool-aged children (73 boys, 55 girls) with behavior problems whose biological fathers took part in a longitudinal study. Children were 3 years of age at the beginning of the study and were assessed annually for 3 years. Early paternal depressive symptoms predicted many aspects of children's outcome 3 years later, including externalizing and internalizing problems, social skills deficits, and lower cognitive and academic functioning, and predicted changes in children's externalizing, internalizing, and social problems across the preschool years. Paternal socioeconomic status (SES) also consistently predicted children's later functioning across these domains. Furthermore, self-reported paternal attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and laxness, as well as observed frequent commands were associated with later externalizing problems in children. Paternal depressive symptoms and laxness mediated the relation between paternal ADHD symptoms and child functioning. Results suggest that aspects of early father functioning play an important role in the psychosocial, cognitive, and academic development of preschool-aged children with behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharonne D Herbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Varvil-Weld L, Turrisi R, Scaglione N, Mallett KA, Ray AE. Parents' and students' reports of parenting: which are more reliably associated with college student drinking? Addict Behav 2013; 38:1699-703. [PMID: 23254221 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent efforts to reduce college student heavy episodic drinking have examined parental influences, with the goal of continually refining parent-based interventions (PBIs). This research has primarily relied on student-reported data, which is often cited as a methodological limitation although the degree to which parent- and student-reported data on parenting behaviors correspond is unknown. The goals of the present study were to assess the level of consistency between parent- and student-reported data for commonly examined parenting constructs and compare their associations with college student drinking. Data were collected from a sample of 145 parent-student dyads using a longitudinal design. At baseline, parents and students reported on parental monitoring, approval of light and moderate/heavy drinking, and permissiveness. At a 10-month follow up, students reported on their typical weekly drinking and consequences. Parents' and students' reports of parenting behavior at baseline were compared and their associations with student drinking and consequences at follow up were assessed. Agreement between parents' and students' reports of parenting was fair to moderate, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from .34 to .61. Student-reported data were more reliably associated with student drinking at follow up. Studies examining parent influences on college student drinking, including research on PBIs, do not appear to be limited by using student-reported data. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Varvil-Weld
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 315 East Health and Human Development, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Krikken JB, van Wijk AJ, ten Cate JM, Veerkamp JSJ. Child dental anxiety, parental rearing style and referral status of children. Community Dent Health 2012; 29:289-292. [PMID: 23488211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treating children can be difficult for both dentist and child. In some cases treatment fails and those children are referred to a specialist paediatric dentist. Different factors can be put forward for referral of children, such as factors relating to the child, dentist and parent. Possible child-related factors can be dental anxiety and the child's temperament. A possible parental factor is the parental rearing style. The objective of this study was to assess the possible associations between dental anxiety, parental rearing style and referral status of children. METHODS Parents of 120 non-referred and 335 referred paediatric dental patients were asked to fill out the Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR) and the Child Fear Survey Schedule Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) on behalf of their children. RESULTS The questionnaires were filled out by 115 (96%) parents of primary schoolchildren and by 331 (99%) parents of referred children. Referred children were younger than non-referred children, t(442) = 6.9, p < 0.01, and had significantly more dental anxiety, t(430) = -8.7, p < 0.01. No differences existed between parents of referred children and parents of non-referred children on parental rearing-style. No differences existed between fearful and non-fearful children on parental rearing-style and also no correlation existed between children's dental anxiety and their parent's rearing style. However, non-referred children with parents using an authoritarian parenting style were more anxious than the other non-referred children. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, referral status and dental anxiety of 4-12 year old children were not associated with parental rearing style.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Krikken
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fuemmeler BF, Yang C, Costanzo P, Hoyle RH, Ph.D., Siegler IC, Williams RB, Østbye T. Parenting styles and body mass index trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. Health Psychol 2012; 31:441-9. [PMID: 22545979 PMCID: PMC3616616 DOI: 10.1037/a0027927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parenting styles such as authoritarian, disengaged, or permissive are thought to be associated with greater adolescent obesity risk than an authoritative style. This study assessed the relationship between parenting styles and changes in body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to young adulthood. METHOD The study included self-reported data from adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Factor mixture modeling, a data-driven approach, was used to classify participants into parenting style groups based on measures of acceptance and control. Latent growth modeling (LGM) identified patterns of developmental changes in BMI. After a number of potential confounders were controlled for, parenting style variables were entered as predictors of BMI trajectories. Analyses were also conducted for male and female individuals of 3 racial-ethnic groups (Hispanic, black, white) to assess whether parenting styles were differentially associated with BMI trajectories in these 6 groups. RESULTS Parenting styles were classified into 4 groups: authoritarian, disengaged, permissive, and balanced. Compared with the balanced parenting style, authoritarian and disengaged parenting styles were associated with a less steep average BMI increase (linear slope) over time, but also less leveling off (quadratic) of BMI over time. Differences in BMI trajectories were observed for various genders and races, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Adolescents who reported having parents with authoritarian or disengaged parenting styles had greater increases in BMI as they transitioned to young adulthood despite having a lower BMI trajectory through adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chongming Yang
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham NC
| | - Phil Costanzo
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham NC
| | | | - Ph.D.
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham NC
| | | | | | - Truls Østbye
- Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC
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Zuo X, Lou C, Gao E, Cheng Y, Niu H, Zabin LS. Gender differences in adolescent premarital sexual permissiveness in three Asian cities: effects of gender-role attitudes. J Adolesc Health 2012; 50:S18-25. [PMID: 22340852 PMCID: PMC4235609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gender is an important factor in understanding premarital sexual attitudes and behaviors. Many studies indicate that males are more likely to initiate sexual intercourse and have more permissive perceptions about sex than females. Yet few studies have explored possible reasons for these gender differences. With samples of unmarried adolescents in three Asian cities influenced by Confucian cultures, this article investigates the relationship between underlying gender norms and these differences in adolescents' premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP). METHODS In a collaborative survey conducted in 2006-2007 in urban and rural areas of Hanoi, Shanghai, and Taipei, 16,554 unmarried participants aged 15-24 years were recruited in the three-City Asian Study of Adolescents and Youth, with 6,204, 6,023, and 4,327 respondents from each city, respectively. All the adolescents were administered face-to-face interviews, coupled with computer-assisted self-interview for sensitive questions. Scales on gender-role attitudes and on PSP for both male and female respondents were developed and applied to our analysis of the data. Multilinear regression was used to analyze the relationship between gender-role attitudes and sexual permissiveness. RESULTS Male respondents in each city held more permissive attitudes toward premarital sex than did females, with both boys and girls expressing greater permissiveness to male premarital sexual behaviors. Boys also expressed more traditional attitudes to gender roles (condoning greater inequality) than did girls in each city. Adolescents' gender-role attitudes and permissiveness to premarital sex varied considerably across the three cities, with the Vietnamese the most traditional, the Taiwanese the least traditional, and the adolescents in Shanghai in the middle. A negative association between traditional gender roles and PSP was only found among girls in Shanghai and Taipei. In Shanghai, female respondents who held more traditional gender-role attitudes were more likely to exercise a double standard with respect to male as opposed to female premarital sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18). This relationship also applied to attitudes of both girls and boys in Taipei (OR = 1.20 and OR = 1.22, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although with variation across sites, gender differences in PSP and attitudes to gender roles among adolescents were very significant in each of the three Asian cities influenced by Confucian-based values. Traditional gender norms may still be deeply rooted in the three cities, especially among females; while it is important to advocate gender equity in adolescent reproductive health programs, the pathway of traditional gender norms in influencing adolescent reproductive health outcomes must be understood, as must differences and similarities across regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, PR China
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31
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Alonso-Geta PM. [Parenting style in Spanish parents with children aged 6 to 14]. Psicothema 2012; 24:371-376. [PMID: 22748726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to establish which parenting style of Spanish families is associated with optimum children's outcomes. A random Spanish sample of 1,103 parents of children and teenagers from 6 to 14 years of age, of whom 47% were females, reported on their child-rearing practices. Families were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) based on the parents' answers. Socialization outcomes were 6 indicators of interpersonal relationship quality, 9 indicators of psychological adjustment, 7 indicators of personal competence, and 12 indicators of behavior problems. Results showed that indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were associated with better outcomes than authoritarian and neglectful parenting. Overall, our results supported the idea that, in Spain, the optimum parenting style is the indulgent one, as scores in the four sets of socialization outcomes among children and teenagers from indulgent families were always equal to, or even better than, the authoritative parenting style.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Levels of student depression may increase as stress increases; parenting styles may be one indirect source of stress. The authors examined the role of parenting style in relationship to student stress, anxiety, and depression, with focused attention on gender differences. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 290 undergraduate students (58% female, mean age = 19). METHODS Cross-sectional design. Participants completed surveys containing measures of parenting styles, college stress, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS Anxiety and stress acted as mediators between some maternal parenting styles and female student depression. No mediational relationships were found for male student ratings. CONCLUSIONS Daughters may be more susceptible to the influences of maternal parenting styles, which can either prepare or fail to prepare them for management and avoidance of stressors that are encountered during the college transition. College counseling centers and student affairs personnel may wish to focus attention on the instruction of self-management and problem-solving skills for incoming students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Barton
- Department of Human Development and Learning, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614, USA.
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Potter JL, Wade SL, Walz NC, Cassedy A, Stevens MH, Yeates KO, Taylor HG. Parenting style is related to executive dysfunction after brain injury in children. Rehabil Psychol 2011; 56:351-8. [PMID: 21928918 DOI: 10.1037/a0025445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine how parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive) and family functioning are related to behavioral aspects of executive function following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in young children. METHOD Participants included 75 children with TBI and 97 children with orthopedic injuries (OI), ages 3-7 years at injury. Pre-injury parenting behavior and family functioning were assessed shortly after injury, and postinjury executive functions were assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF; Gioia & Isquith, 2004) at 6, 12, and 18 months postinjury. Mixed model analyses, using pre-injury executive functioning (assessed by the BRIEF at baseline) as a covariate, examined the relationship of parenting style and family characteristics to executive functioning in children with moderate and severe TBI compared to OI. RESULTS Among children with moderate TBI, higher levels of authoritarian parenting were associated with greater executive difficulties at 12 and 18 months following injury. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles were not significantly associated with postinjury executive skills. Finally, fewer family resources predicted more executive deficits across all of the groups, regardless of injury type. CONCLUSION These findings provide additional evidence regarding the role of the social and familial environment in emerging behavior problems following childhood TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Potter
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Gelfand MJ, Raver JL, Nishii L, Leslie LM, Lun J, Lim BC, Duan L, Almaliach A, Ang S, Arnadottir J, Aycan Z, Boehnke K, Boski P, Cabecinhas R, Chan D, Chhokar J, D'Amato A, Subirats Ferrer M, Fischlmayr IC, Fischer R, Fülöp M, Georgas J, Kashima ES, Kashima Y, Kim K, Lempereur A, Marquez P, Othman R, Overlaet B, Panagiotopoulou P, Peltzer K, Perez-Florizno LR, Ponomarenko L, Realo A, Schei V, Schmitt M, Smith PB, Soomro N, Szabo E, Taveesin N, Toyama M, Van de Vliert E, Vohra N, Ward C, Yamaguchi S. Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study. Science 2011; 332:1100-4. [PMID: 21617077 DOI: 10.1126/science.1197754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 878] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Gelfand
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Joseph-DiCaprio J. Counseling parents of difficult adolescents. Minn Med 2010; 93:41-43. [PMID: 20957925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between parent and child changes during adolescence. During that transition time, some youths may be challenging rules, engaging in risky behaviors, or failing to disclose their activities to their parents. Physicians and other health care providers are in a position to counsel not only youths about problem behaviors but also parents about how to more effectively deal with their children. One of the things they can recommend is an approach known as authoritative parenting. This approach has been shown to promote higher school achievement and self-esteem, and result in less depression and anxiety and more self-reliance among youths. This article describes the approach and offers physicians tips about what they can say to parents.
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Abstract
Confirmatory factor analyses based on the scoring derived from 5 prior studies of the Parenting Scale were conducted using a representatively recruited sample of 453 couples parenting 3-to 7-year-old children. Comparative analyses favored the Reitman et al. (2001) 2-factor scoring system as well as a 3-factor solution, including Lax, Overreactive, and Hostile discipline. This 3-factor solution demonstrated good fit across parent gender and child age and gender. Mothers rated themselves as more overreactive than fathers. The factor scores correlated significantly with several validity measures, including child behavior problems. The Hostile factor contributed significantly to the prediction of child behavior problems after controlling for Lax and Overreactive discipline. Both parents reported using more dysfunctional discipline than they thought they should.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Rhoades
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, USA.
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MacDonald J. Medical marijuana: informational resources for family physicians. Am Fam Physician 2009; 80:779. [PMID: 19835339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Abstract
The authors examined differences in drinking behaviors and related risk factors across campus housing at a women's liberal arts college. Participants (N = 362) living in residence-style housing or house-style residences completed self-report questionnaires. Results showed that students in residence hall-style houses reported higher levels of hazardous alcohol use and perceived that their college, housemates or roommates, and close peers are more permissive of alcohol use than did students living in house-style residences. Findings highlight the role of the environmental structure of a college campus on students' perceptions of alcohol use and their drinking behaviors. The authors discuss implications for college housing and programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron L Zamboanga
- Smith College, Department of Psychology, Clark Science Center, 44 College Lane, Northampton, MA 01063, USA.
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García F, Gracia E. Is always authoritative the optimum parenting style? Evidence from Spanish families. Adolescence 2009; 44:101-131. [PMID: 19435170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to establish which parenting style is associated with optimum youth outcomes among adolescents of Spanish families. A sample of 1,416 teenagers from 12 to 17 years of age, of whom 57.2% were females, reported on their parents' child-rearing practices. The teenagers' parents were classified into one of four groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful). The adolescents were then contrasted on four different outcomes: (1) self-esteem (academic, social, emotional, family and physical); (2) psychosocial maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self-esteem, negative self-adequacy, emotional irresponsiveness, emotional instability, and negative worldview); (3) personal competence (social competence, grade point average, and number of failing grades); and (4) problem behaviors (school misconduct, delinquency, and drug use). Results showed that both the indulgent and authoritative parenting styles were associated with better outcomes than authoritarian and neglectful parenting. Overall, our results supported the idea that in Spain the optimum style of parenting is the indulgent one, as adolescents' scores in the four sets of youth outcomes were equal or better than the authoritative style of parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Metodologia, Valencia, Spain.
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Lanningham-Foster L, Foster RC, McCrady SK, Manohar C, Jensen TB, Mitre NG, Hill JO, Levine JA. Changing the school environment to increase physical activity in children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1849-53. [PMID: 18535550 PMCID: PMC2690697 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that elementary school-age children will be more physically active while attending school in a novel, activity-permissive school environment compared to their traditional school environment. Twenty-four children were monitored with a single-triaxial accelerometer worn on the thigh. The students attended school in three different environments: traditional school with chairs and desks, an activity-permissive environment, and finally their traditional school with desks which encouraged standing. Data from the school children were compared with another group of age-matched children (n = 16) whose physical activity was monitored during summer vacation. When children attended school in their traditional environment, they moved an average (mean +/- s.d.) of 71 +/- 0.4 m/s(2). When the children attended school in the activity-permissive environment, they moved an average of 115 +/- 3 m/s(2). The children moved 71 +/- 0.7 m/s(2) while attending the traditional school with standing desks. Children moved significantly more while attending school in the activity-permissive environment compared to the amount that they moved in either of the traditional school environments (P < 0.0001 for both). Comparing children's activity while they were on summer vacation (113 +/- 8 m/s(2)) to school-bound children in their traditional environment showed significantly more activity for the children on summer vacation (P < 0.0001). The school children in the activity-permissive environment were as active as children on summer vacation. Children will move more in an activity-permissive environment. Strategies to increase the activity of school children may involve re-designing the school itself.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teresa B. Jensen
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Naim G. Mitre
- Endocrine Research Unit Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN 55905
| | - James O. Hill
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Abstract
This study builds upon prior findings of elevated substance use among suburban high school students, examining the ramifications of different parenting dimensions on substance use and related behaviors. The sample consisted of 258 11th graders in an affluent suburban community. Parenting predictors considered included those well-studied previously such as monitoring and closeness, as well as two newer dimensions: perceived containment (stringency of anticipated reactions in reaction to negative behaviors) and perceived commitment (e.g., helping the child despite other commitments). Outcomes included self-reported substance use, delinquency, and rule breaking, as well as teacher-rated inattentiveness and school grades. Findings showed elevated substance use among these 17-year-olds compared with national norms, especially among girls. Of the parent predictors, significant unique links with multiple outcomes were found for parents' knowledge of their children's activities and perceived parental containment (stringent repercussions) in reaction to the children's substance use. Notably, students reported that their parents were much more tolerant of their substance use than of other problem behaviors such as rudeness to adults and minor acts of delinquency. Results are discussed along with the implications for practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suniya S Luthar
- Teachers College, Columbia University, Box133, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Lippman SA, Pulerwitz J, Chinaglia M, Hubbard A, Reingold A, Díaz J. Mobility and its liminal context: Exploring sexual partnering among truck drivers crossing the Southern Brazilian border. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65:2464-73. [PMID: 17761375 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mobile populations, including truck drivers, are at elevated risk of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). However, measures of mobility have been poorly operationalized and little research exists exploring the psychosocial context of mobility and sexual risk taking. A systematic sample of 1775 male truck drivers underwent interview at two customs stations on the Southern Brazilian international border in 2003. The psychosocial effect of being mobile was assessed by clustering truckers based on perceptions of the liminal environment, or being outside of one's normal social environment. The relationship between physical mobility (nights spent at home) and liminal cluster with sexual partnerships was assessed. The clustering procedure yielded three dispositions towards the liminal environment. Compared to truckers in the baseline cluster, those who perceive the environment as (1) very, or (2) moderately permissive had increased odds of reporting a commercial sex partner in the past six months and reported increased numbers of commercial partners. For each week slept at home, the odds of reporting a commercial partner decreased by a factor of 0.73 and the average number of commercial partners decreased by a rate of 0.76. Physical and psychosocial measures of mobility were associated independently with increased partnering on the road. Additional exploration of how the liminal environment shapes mobile populations' sexual decision making and vulnerability to STI is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A Lippman
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Patock-Peckham JA, Morgan-Lopez AA. College drinking behaviors: mediational links between parenting styles, parental bonds, depression, and alcohol problems. Psychol Addict Behav 2007; 21:297-306. [PMID: 17874880 DOI: 10.1037/0893-164x.21.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mediational links between parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive), parental bond (positive, negative), depression, alcohol use and abuse were tested. A 2-group, multiple-indicator, multiple-cause structural equation model with 441 (216 female, 225 male) college students was examined. In general, a poor parental bond with one's father was highly predictive of depression, a well-known predictor of alcohol abuse and related problems for both genders. In contrast, a positive parental bond with one's father significantly mediated the positive effects of authoritative fathering on depression, which then decreased alcohol use problems for both genders. For women, a negative parental bond with one's father significantly mediated the effect of having an authoritarian father on depression, which increased alcohol use problems. These findings suggest that parental influences on pathways to alcohol abuse through depression (primarily through fathers for both genders) are distinct from pathways stemming from poor impulse control (with influences primarily from the same-sex parents for both genders).
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45
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Abstract
The home environment is undoubtedly the most important setting in relation to shaping children's eating and physical activity behaviors. Family-based behavioral treatment is the most well-established intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Historically, family based interventions target the obese child and at least one or both parents. Presented here is a review of the literature on parents as exclusive agents of change, with the addition of some recent results indicating the effectiveness of this approach when implemented in public health programs. Targeting parents as the exclusive mediator has resulted in a better reduction in children's percentage overweight, and improvement in the obesogenic environment and behaviors, in comparison to a setting in which parents attended sessions with the obese child, or only children attended sessions. The findings from these studies were subsequently implemented in a national community-based survey. Both children's and parents' weight status were significantly improved, although only parents attended the group sessions. A significant reduction in the obesogenic load at home was also found. Permissive parenting style was associated with less reduction in obesogenic load at home (p < 0.01) and with less weight loss (p < 0.05). Omitting the obese child from direct intervention and targeting parents only is a cost-effective approach with integrated messages for the management of weight-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moria Golan
- School of Nutritional Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In young children, the eating environment is an important social context within which eating behaviors develop. Among many low-income young children, the responsibility for feeding may have shifted from family members to child care providers because these children spend the majority of their day in child care settings. METHODS To examine the influence of feeding among low-income children in child care settings, feeding behaviors of child care providers in Head Start were observed and food consumption was assessed. Head Start, a comprehensive child development program that serves children from ages 3 to 5, was chosen because of the large percentage of minorities, the low-income status of the families, and the age of the children. Fifty child care providers (25 African-American; 25 Hispanic) randomly selected from Head Start centers in a large, urban southwestern city were observed on three mealtime occasions and self-reported feeding styles were assessed. Observed feeding behaviors were categorized into four feeding patterns based on their conceptual similarity to a general parenting typology (i.e., authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and uninvolved). Measures of food consumption were assessed on 549 children sitting with the child care providers during lunch at the Head Start centers. RESULTS Indulgent feeding behaviors were positively related to children's consumption of vegetables, dairy, entrée, and starch; authoritative feeding behaviors were positively related to dairy consumption. CONCLUSION This research highlights the important influence that child care providers have in the development of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors in minority children. Implications for intervention training for child care providers to promote healthy eating among Head Start children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl O Hughes
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Law CS. The impact of changing parenting styles on the advancement of pediatric oral health. J Calif Dent Assoc 2007; 35:192-7. [PMID: 17679305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Behavior management is significant to delivery of dental care to the child. We must be able to elicit cooperation of the child for dental procedures, and of child and parents, for adherence to a preventive home care regimen. However, society has changed, affecting the ability of dentists to influence children and their parents. The purpose of this paper is to review changes in parenting styles that have impacted the nature of oral care in the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice S Law
- Pediatric Dentistry, Associated Clinical Specialties, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Dentistry, 90095-1668, USA
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48
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Regber S, Berg-Kelly K, Mårild S. Parenting styles and treatment of adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Nurs 2007; 33:21-8. [PMID: 17410997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Professional caregivers have an important task in building a trusting relationship with parents and adolescents and in supporting parents in their parental roles. Our clinical experience of some 300 adolescents with obesity between 9 and 18 years of age and their parents has convinced us that consideration of parenting styles is fundamental in the treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Typical case situations supporting the significance of parenting styles and illustrating the relationships between parents and adolescents with obesity can be identified. Group sessions with parents are the preferred mode for discussing typical parenting issues in the management of obese adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to describe different parenting styles, and to present a set of typical case situations and treatment strategies for nurses working with adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Regber
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
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Melki W, Letaief M, Mechri A, Kachouri R, El May W, Corten P, Mahjoub A, Soltani MS, Pelc I, Gaha L. [Validation of a school children addictive behaviors questionnaire]. Tunis Med 2006; 84:603-6. [PMID: 17193849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim was to develop and validate an addictive behaviors screening tool in school children. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional study including a self administrated 223 item questionnaire developed in Arabic language. The questionnaire included identification of the student and seven life domains: school, family, addiction, relationships with peers, leisure and well being, risky behaviors and personality traits. N=854 high school children. of Monastir City. RESULTS the questionnaire Alpha Cronbach's Coefficient ranged between 0.3 and 0.8. Only items with a coefficient higher than 0.6 were maintained in the final version. The time reliability by using the Bland and Altman method 15 days after the first measure showed a Pearson's coefficient of 0.81. Validity evaluated by principal components analysis led to 3 independent factors consisting respectively in 20, 4 and 3 well correlated items: family, school and risky behaviors. CONCLUSION validated version of the questionnaire consisted in 102 items, easy to read and understand. This version doesn't require much time to be filled in and takes into consideration cultural particularities of the school children of Monastir. It could be considered as an interesting tool for both the assessment and the prevention of addictive behaviors in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Melki
- Laboratoire de recherche Vulnérabilité aux phsychoses, Faculté de Medecine de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisie
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Abstract
Impact of perceived parenting style on adolescents' self-reliance, interpersonal relations, sense of inadequacy, and attitude to school, after controlling for effects of adolescents' self-esteem, was examined in a sample of 548 Asian adolescents. Fathers' perceived parenting style was significantly associated with adolescents' sense of inadequacy for the entire sample as well as for Chinese adolescents. Fathers' perceived parenting style was also significantly associated with Malay adolescents' self-reliance. Mothers' perceived parenting style was significant only for Malay adolescents' attitude to school. The meaning and consequences of parenting styles, in particular, the authoritarian parenting style, and the differential impact of paternal parenting style versus maternal parenting style on adolescent outcomes in an Asian context will be discussed. Implications for educators and mental health practitioners working with adolescents and their families will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Ang
- Division of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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