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Valenzuela R, Morales A, Sheen J, Rangel S, Salinas JJ. The Implementation of Evidence-Based Obesity Education Curricula to Prevent Cancer in a Predominantly Mexican-American Community on the U.S.-Mexico Border. J Cancer Educ 2023; 38:215-224. [PMID: 34623603 PMCID: PMC8498764 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although cancer is the leading cause of death among Mexican-Americans, few community-based programs target obesity reduction as a way to reduce the prevalence of obesity-related cancer in underserved populations. Evidence suggests that obesity correlates with 13 types of cancer. The objective is to provide an overview of evaluation and selection of evidence-based content; details of the implementation process; modifications needed to tailor education programs to specific needs of different target audiences; and demonstrate challenges of implementing a community-based prevention program intended to reduce cancer incidence and mortality in Mexican-Americans. We used the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to develop a 10-topic menu of educational classes using elements of multiple evidence-based curricula. Outcome measures for physical activity and nutrition were determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ). Weight status was determined using weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI). To date, 2845 adults received wellness education from our program. Multiple delivery models were used to reach a larger audience; they included a 4-week model, 5-week model, employer model, low-income housing, 1- and 2-h sessions, and clinic encounters. Individuals were given education at multiple community locations including senior centers (14%), churches (0.6%), employers (17.6%), low-income housing (8.2%), community centers (16.6%), clinics (11.5%), and schools (32.5%). Our study indicates that our delivery model is feasible and can disseminate evidence-based obesity education. Further investigation is necessary to assess long-term behavioral change and to assess the most effective model for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Valenzuela
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905-2827, USA
| | - Alma Morales
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905-2827, USA
| | - Jon Sheen
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905-2827, USA
| | - Sylvia Rangel
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905-2827, USA
| | - Jennifer J Salinas
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79905-2827, USA.
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Sukhera J, Knaak S, Ungar T, Rehman M. Dismantling Structural Stigma Related to Mental Health and Substance Use: An Educational Framework. Acad Med 2022; 97:175-181. [PMID: 34647920 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stigma related to mental health and substance use (MHSU) is a well-established construct that describes how inequitable health outcomes can result from prejudice, discrimination, and marginalization. Although there is a body of literature on educational approaches to reduce stigma, antistigma education for MHSU has primarily focused on stigma at the social, interpersonal/public, and personal (self-stigma) levels, with little attention to the problem of structural stigma. Structural stigma refers to how inequity is manifested through rules, policies, and procedures embedded within organizations and society at large. Structural stigma is also prominent within clinical learning environments and can be transmitted through role modeling, resulting in inequitable treatment of vulnerable patient populations. Addressing structural stigma through education, therefore, has the potential to improve equity and enhance care. A promising educational approach for addressing structural stigma is structural competency, which aims to enhance health professionals' ability to recognize and respond to social and structural determinants that produce or maintain health disparities. In this article, the authors propose a framework for addressing structural MHSU stigma in health professions education that has 4 key components and is rooted in structural humility: recognizing structural forms of stigma; reflecting critically on one's own assumptions, values, and biases; reframing language away from stereotyping toward empathic terms; and responding with actions that actively dismantle structural MHSU stigma. The authors propose evidence-informed and practical suggestions on how structural competency may be applied within clinical learning environments to dismantle structural MHSU stigma in organizations and society at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Sukhera
- J. Sukhera is chair of psychiatry, Institute of Living, and chief of psychiatry, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8146-4947
| | - Stephanie Knaak
- S. Knaak is research consultant, Mental Health Commission of Canada, and assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-3451
| | - Thomas Ungar
- T. Ungar is psychiatrist in chief, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, and associate professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-0421
| | - Maham Rehman
- M. Rehman is research associate, Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Coleman MT, Brantley PR, Wiseman PM, English MR, Byerley L. Brief, effective experience to increase first-year medical students' nutrition awareness. Med Educ Online 2021; 26:1896160. [PMID: 33704028 PMCID: PMC7954485 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2021.1896160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Wellness is an important concept for medical students to learn, both for their own health and for their patients. Since nutrition is an essential part of one's wellness that can positively or negatively impact one's health, it is important for medical students to learn approaches to nutritional wellness. Studies have shown that physicians' nutrition attitudes and clinical practices are positively correlated with their dietary practices.Objective: Here, we describe a brief nutrition-based education experience for first-year students offered at the start of the medical school curriculum that is designed to increase their nutrition awareness.Design: The nutrition experience involved five components: 1) having students complete three 24-hour food recalls; 2) comparing their recalls to nutrient standards; 3) emphasizing strategies that include simple, nutritionally sound food choices and preparation; 4) surveying students on their implementation of personal healthy nutritional strategies; and 5) requesting future recommendations for modifying the educational experience.Results: Most students' diets did not meet the recommended dietary levels for several nutrients, and these deficiencies corresponded to specific food group inadequacies. Forty percent of the students responded to a three-month follow-up survey. Of these students, 46% implemented one of the presented strategies to improve their food intake. Most changes included the addition or deletion of a particular food. Seventy-three percent recommended repeating the program in the future.Conclusions: We demonstrate that a brief 2.5-hour nutrition wellness experience can increase nutrition awareness and promote dietary change in incoming medical students. Many felt that the experience was valuable and recommended offering a similar experience to future classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Thoesen Coleman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paula Rhode Brantley
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pamela Markiewicz Wiseman
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M. Robin English
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lauri Byerley
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Oyo-Ita AE, Hanlon P, Nwankwo O, Bosch-Capblanch X, Arikpo D, Esu E, Auer C, Meremikwu M. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intervention project engaging Traditional and Religious Leaders to improve uptake of childhood immunization in southern Nigeria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257277. [PMID: 34529714 PMCID: PMC8445457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a cost-effective public health intervention, yet evidence abounds that vaccination uptake is still poor in many low- and middle-income countries. Traditional and Religious Leaders play a substantial role in improving the uptake of health services such as immunization. However, there is paucity of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of using such strategies. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of using a multi-faceted intervention that included traditional and religious leaders for community engagement to improve uptake of routine immunisation services in communities in Cross River State, Southern Nigeria. The target population for the intervention was traditional and religious leaders in randomly selected communities in Cross River State. The impact of the intervention on the uptake of routine vaccination among children 0 to 23 months was assessed using a cluster randomized trials. Outcome assessments were performed at the end of the project (36 months).The cost of the intervention was obtained from the accounting records for expenditures incurred in the course of implementing the intervention. Costs were assessed from the health provider perspective. The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the incremental cost of the initial implementation of the intervention was US$19,357and that the incremental effect was 323 measles cases averted, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$60/measles case averted. However, for subsequent scale-up of the interventions to new areas not requiring a repeat expenditure of some of the initial capital expenditure the ICER was estimated to be US$34 per measles case averted. Involving the traditional and religious leaders in vaccination is a cost-effective strategy for improving the uptake of childhood routine vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela E. Oyo-Ita
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Effective Health Care Alliance Programme, Institute of Tropical Disease, Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick Hanlon
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ogonna Nwankwo
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Xavier Bosch-Capblanch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dachi Arikpo
- Effective Health Care Alliance Programme, Institute of Tropical Disease, Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ekperonne Esu
- Effective Health Care Alliance Programme, Institute of Tropical Disease, Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Christian Auer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meremikwu
- Effective Health Care Alliance Programme, Institute of Tropical Disease, Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Cheng YH, Yeung CY, Sharma A, So KY, Ko HF, Wong K, Lam P, Lee A. Non-resuscitative first aid training and assessment for junior secondary school students: A pre-post study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27051. [PMID: 34449493 PMCID: PMC8389963 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
School-based first aid interventions can contribute to the number of adults trained in first aid in the community over time but few studies have examined the effectiveness of teaching non-resuscitative first aid on knowledge, attitudes and skills. Currently, there is no consensus on the optimal content and duration of first aid training for junior secondary students. The aim of this study was to evaluated the effectiveness of a 2.5 hour introductory non-resuscitative first aid course for junior secondary students.This prospective, single-centre, pre-post study included 140 students (11-13 years old). Students completed a questionnaire on first aid knowledge, attitude towards first aid and self-confidence to perform first aid before and after a training session. Six emergency medicine physicians taught practical first aid skills training. A game-based formative assessment was undertaken where the instructors assessed small teams of students' role-playing injured classmates and first aid responders (and vice-versa) treating abrasions, ankle sprain, choking and a scald injury.Few students had prior first aid training (14%). After adjusting for student's age, sex, prior first aid training and format delivery, the course was associated with increased mean knowledge score (pre-training 53%, post-training 88%; mean difference [MD] 35%, 95% CI: 32% to 38%), positive attitudes and more confidence in performing first aid after training (all P < .001). All teams showed a good level of competency in treating simulated injuries with first aid kits.This brief non-resuscitative first aid course was associated with noticeable and valuable changes in knowledge score and self-confidence level in performing first aid. The game-based formative assessment facilitated a positive learning environment for skill competency evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Han Cheng
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi Yeung Yeung
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Amar Sharma
- Yew Chung International Secondary School, 3 To Fuk Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kit Ying So
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hiu Fai Ko
- Accident and Emergency Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kevin Wong
- Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul Lam
- Centre for Learning Enhancement and Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Al-Yateem N, Dias JM, Subu MA, Abraham MS, Abd El-baky F, AlMarzouqi A, Azizu Rahman S, Saifan AR, Mohammad MG, Alrimawi I, Faris M. Reflections on the transition to online teaching for health science education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Med Educ 2021; 12:154-159. [PMID: 34449437 PMCID: PMC8411330 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.610c.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jacqueline M. Dias
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A. Subu
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mini Sarah Abraham
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma Abd El-baky
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina AlMarzouqi
- Department of Health Service Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Azizu Rahman
- Department of Health Service Administration, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad G. Mohammad
- Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Intima Alrimawi
- School of Nursing and Health Professions, Trinity Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - MoezAlIslam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Power E, Sharif F. Period of Purple Crying Program for the Prevention of Abusive Head Trauma/Shaken Baby Syndrome. Ir Med J 2021; 114:415. [PMID: 34520650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Period of PURPLE Crying Program is an educational program delivered to parents of newborn children that aims to reduce the incidence of abusive head trauma/shaken baby syndrome1. The program was developed by a research-based, non-profit organisation and has already been implemented in many countries around the world. It educates parents on what to expect during the first few months of their newborn infant's life, allowing parents to become more informed and better prepared to care for their child. The recent surge in the number of cases of abusive head trauma in children during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for greater resources being made available to parents. The Period of PURPLE Crying Program is one such resource that could be implemented in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Power
- University Hospital Limerick, Limerick
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin
| | - F Sharif
- Department of Paediatrics, Mullingar Regional Hospital, Westmeath
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Dublin, Dublin
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Ogunsanya ME, Goetzinger EA, Owopetu OF, Chandler PD, O'Connor LE. Predictors of Palliative Care Knowledge: Findings from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1433-1439. [PMID: 34088752 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care plays an important role in improving the quality of life for patients with cancer and their caregivers and has been associated with increased patient satisfaction. However, palliative care knowledge in the general population is limited, and often physician referral occurs late in prognosis. The objective of this analysis was to examine factors associated with palliative care knowledge. METHOD Using data from the 2018 NCI's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycle 2, descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with respondents' palliative care knowledge using ORs and 95% confidence intervals as measures of association. The outcome of interest was measured with the item "How would you describe your level of knowledge about palliative care?" Possible response selections were "I've never heard of it," "I know a little bit about palliative care," and "I know what palliative care is and could explain it to someone else." To reduce the risk of type 1 error, jackknife variance estimations with repeated replications were used. All analyses were conducted with the SURVEYLOGISTIC command using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), and the statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 3,450 respondents (weighted sample size: 249,489,772) met the inclusion criteria. About 89% (n = 3,000) of all respondents had inadequate knowledge of palliative care. Multivariable analyses indicated that frequent health care utilization as defined as ≥ 2 times per year [OR, 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.65-3.58], female gender (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.31-3.59), being married (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.14-3.59), having a college degree or higher (OR, 13.83; 95% CI, 1.71-12.04), and having a regular source of care (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.37-1.90) had greater odds of adequate palliative care knowledge. Those without a cancer diagnosis were less likely to have adequate knowledge of palliative care (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41-0.89). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of palliative care in the United States is low, particularly for those not already actively using their available healthcare system. Public health education efforts are needed to target subgroups of the U.S. population identified by this analysis to increase palliative care knowledge. IMPACT Healthcare providers have a major role to play in improving palliative care knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motolani E Ogunsanya
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical & Administrative Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
| | - Elizabeth A Goetzinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical & Administrative Sciences, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Oluwatomi F Owopetu
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Paulette D Chandler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren E O'Connor
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, NCI, NIH, Rockville, Maryland
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Meng N, Liu Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Liu Q, Huang J, Li X. Beyond Sociodemographic and COVID-19-Related Factors: The Association Between the Need for Psychological and Information Support from School and Anxiety and Depression. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e929280. [PMID: 33824264 PMCID: PMC8040519 DOI: 10.12659/msm.929280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to sociodemographic and COVID-19- related factors, the needs of school support, including material, psychological and information support, have seldom been discussed as factors influencing anxiety and depression among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 3351 college students from China were surveyed through questionnaires about their sociodemographic and COVID-19 characteristics, the needs of school support, and their experiences with anxiety and depression. RESULTS Anxiety and depression were reported by 6.88% and 10.50% of students, respectively. Married, higher education, non-medical, and urban students had significantly higher risks of anxiety or depression. Additionally, symptoms such as cough and fever, especially when following a possible contact with suspected individuals, quarantine history of a personal contact, going out 1-3 times a week, not wearing a mask, and spending 2-3 hours browsing COVID-19-related information were significantly associated with the occurrence of anxiety or depression. Those who used methods to regulate their emotional state, used a psychological hotline, and who had visited a psychiatrist showed higher anxiety or depression. Those who used online curricula and books, used preventive methods for COVID-19, and who had real-time information about the epidemic situation of the school showed lower anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS In addition to sociodemographic and COVID-19-related aspects, students' needs for psychological assistance and information from schools were also associated with anxiety and depression among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junqiang Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Dekang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Adeniyi A, Donnelly L, Janssen P, Jevitt C, Kardeh B, von Bergmann H, Brondani M. Pregnant women's perspectives on integrating preventive oral health in prenatal care. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:271. [PMID: 33794806 PMCID: PMC8016156 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral diseases are considered a silent epidemic including among pregnant women. Given the prevalence of oral conditions among pregnant women and the reported association with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there have been suggestions for the inclusion of preventive oral care in routine prenatal care. However, due to the different administrative and funding structure for oral health and prenatal care in Canada, progress towards this integration has been slow. Our study sought to qualitatively explore the views of pregnant women in British Columbia (BC) on the strategies for integrating preventive oral health care into prenatal care services. METHODS A qualitative approach was utilized involving semi-structured interviews with fourteen (14) purposefully selected pregnant women in Vancouver and Surrey, BC. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Study validity was ensured via memoing, field-notes, and member checking. RESULTS Interviews ranged from 28 to 65 min producing over 140 pages of transcripts. Analysis resulted in three major themes: oral health experiences during pregnancy, perspectives on integration and integrated prenatal oral care, and strategies for addressing prenatal oral health care. A majority of participants were supportive of integrating preventive oral care in routine prenatal services, with referrals identified as a critical strategy. Oral health education was recognized as important before, during, and after pregnancy; oral health assessments should therefore be included in the prenatal care checklist. Limited funding was acknowledged as a barrier to oral health care access, which may explain why few participants visited their dentists during pregnancy. Interprofessional education surfaced as a bridge to provide prenatal oral health education. CONCLUSION Pregnant women interviewed in this study support the inclusion of educational and preventive oral care during prenatal care, although their views differed on how such inclusion can be achieved in BC. They advocated the establishment of a referral system as an acceptable strategy for providing integrated prenatal oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adeniyi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - L Donnelly
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P Janssen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C Jevitt
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - B Kardeh
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H von Bergmann
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Brondani
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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11
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Green TC, Kaplowitz E, Langdon K, Hughto JMW, Goedel WC, Czynski AJ, Fraser G, Rich J. COBRE on Opioid and Overdose: A Collaborative Research-Based Center Addressing the Crises in Rhode Island and Beyond. R I Med J (2013) 2021; 104:22-26. [PMID: 33789404 PMCID: PMC8049088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Overdose deaths across the country have spiked since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial now, more than ever, to address the continuing and worsening, complex and dynamic opioid and overdose epidemics. In 2018, The Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) on Opioids and Overdose, based at Rhode Island Hospital, launched with three major goals: 1) establish a center of scientific excellence on opioids and overdose; 2) train the next generation of scientists to become independent investigators and address the opioid and overdose crises; and 3) contribute to the scientific progress and solutions to combat these epidemics. To date, we have made substantial progress. While the opioid and overdose crises continue to evolve, the COBRE on Opioid and Overdose and its team of investigators are well poised to address the daunting task of understanding and meaningfully addressing these deadly epidemics, with the ultimate goal of saving lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci C Green
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Brown University; The Opioid Policy Research Collaborative, The Heller School of Social Policy and Management at Brandeis University; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Eliana Kaplowitz
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Kirsten Langdon
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Jaclyn M W Hughto
- Departments of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health; Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - William C Goedel
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Adam J Czynski
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Gayle Fraser
- The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Josiah Rich
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University; The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital; The COBRE on Opioids and Overdose, Rhode Island Hospital
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Morey C. Virtual family town hall: An innovative multi-family telehealth intervention during COVID-19. Soc Work Health Care 2021; 60:166-176. [PMID: 33759733 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1904317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to the U.S. mental healthcare system. Immediate action has been required to transform existing social work practice models to ensure uninterrupted delivery of essential mental health services. This paper describes how clinicians in a residential program, who offered an in-person multi-family education workshop, rapidly pivoted in the context of the pandemic to develop and implement an alternative and unique multi-family intervention model - a virtual family town hall. This innovative telehealth practice model serves as an exemplar of best practices amidst the COVID-19 pandemic as it prioritized health and safety, increased accessibility, and allowed clinicians to effectively respond to family members' heightened informational needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen Morey
- Director of Clinical Social Work, Austen Riggs Center, Stockbridge, United States
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Watfern C, Doran B, Dadich A, Triandafilidis Z, Habak S, Boydell KM. The HIVE: a co-created art installation about health. Public Health 2021; 193:26-28. [PMID: 33713983 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We consider how artists explore complex health issues in a large-scale, collaborative art installation. STUDY DESIGN This article describes - The HIVE - an arts-based knowledge translation (ABKT) initiative through which artists collaborated with researchers, service providers, health consumers, and carers affiliated with a major translational health research centre in Australia. METHODS We present a case study that draws on artist statements and visual documentation to evoke the different facets of the initiative. RESULTS The eight projects encompassed by The HIVE were diverse. Artistic media included textiles, sculpture, poetry and photography. Health issues ranged from palliative care to child healthcare. CONCLUSIONS The HIVE was not simply an installation but a nucleus that fostered collaboration through the design and development of creative artworks. In emphasising empathy and non-verbal communication, The HIVE at once translated and expanded health(care) research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Watfern
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - B Doran
- Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; National Institute of Dramatic Arts, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - A Dadich
- School of Business Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Z Triandafilidis
- Everymind, Hunter New England Local Health District, P.O. Box 833, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - S Habak
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - K M Boydell
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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15
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Brewster AL, Wilson TL, Curry LA, Kunkel SR. Achieving Population Health Impacts Through Health Promotion Programs Offered by Community-based Organizations. Med Care 2021; 59:273-279. [PMID: 33480659 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence-based health promotion programs can help older adults manage chronic conditions and address behavioral risk factors, and translating these interventions to population-scale impact depends on reaching people outside of clinical settings. Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) have emerged as important delivery sites for health promotion programs, but the impacts of their expanded role in delivering these interventions remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test whether evidence-based health promotion programs implemented by AAAs from 2008 to 2016 influenced health care use and spending by older adults and to examine how agencies' organizational capacity for implementation influenced these population-level impacts. RESEARCH DESIGN We used panel regression models to examine how the expansion of health promotion programs offered by AAAs over the course of 2008-2016 was associated with a change in health care use and spending by older adults in counties served by the AAAs. We examined impact separately for high capacity and low capacity agencies. RESULTS Across the full sample of AAAs, beginning to offer any health promotion program in the AAA was associated a with 0.94% percentage point reduction in potentially avoidable nursing home use in counties covered by the AAA (95% confidence interval=-1.58, -0.29), equivalent to a 6.5% change. Expanding the breadth of programs offered by the AAA was also associated with a significant reduction in potentially avoidable nursing home use. Stratified analysis showed that reductions in potentially avoidable nursing home use were evident only in places where the AAA had high implementation capacity. Expansion of health promotion programs offered by AAAs was not associated with the change in county-level hospital readmission rates, ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations, or Medicare spending per beneficiary. CONCLUSIONS AAAs are an example of community-based organizations that can contribute to health care policy goals such as cost containment. Organizational development support may be needed to extend their ability to effect change in more regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Brewster
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Traci L Wilson
- Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH
| | - Leslie A Curry
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Suzanne R Kunkel
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH
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Benes S, Boyd KM, Cucina I, Alperin HL. School-Based Health Education Research: Charting the Course for the Future. Res Q Exerc Sport 2021; 92:111-126. [PMID: 32097108 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1712315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SHAPE America has identified four goals as part of the 50 Million Strong by 2029 initiative; one of these goals is healthy behavior. School-based health education is uniquely positioned to be a primary route through which this goal can be achieved. Health education is an academic subject included in a well-rounded education, based on health behavior and learning theory, research-based and taught by licensed and trained health educators with adequate instructional time. Health education helps students acquire functional knowledge about a variety of topics and develop health-related skills resulting in personal competence and self-efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the existing evidence examining school-based health education and to articulate future directions for research that will solidify school-based health education as a necessary and efficacious strategy for improving the health and wellness of youth.
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Bennett ER, Snyder S, Cusano J, McMahon S, Zijdel M, Camerer K, Howley C. Supporting survivors of campus dating and sexual violence during COVID-19: A social work perspective. Soc Work Health Care 2021; 60:106-116. [PMID: 33555991 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2021.1885566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The issue of dating and sexual violence (DSV) on college campuses has received increased attention nationwide as a criminal justice and public health issue. College and university employed social workers play a critical role in preventing and responding to campus DSV through direct clinical services to students as well as prevention through educational programming and training. COVID-19 has negative implications for DSV student victims, as well as service delivery and accessibility. This paper examines the innovative methods used by university employed social work clinicians and educators to meet evolving mental health care needs and continue violence prevention services during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Snyder
- Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - J Cusano
- Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - S McMahon
- Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - M Zijdel
- Student Affairs, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - K Camerer
- Student Affairs, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Howley
- Student Affairs, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this pilot study were (1) to develop a cancer prevention module consisting of an animated video and a short questionnaire, (2) to assess new knowledge gained by the participants, and (3) to solicit feedback for improving the cancer prevention module. METHODS Volunteers who previously agreed to be contacted regarding research studies were approached via email. After completing the cancer prevention module, a list of cancer prevention recommendations was provided. Newly gained knowledge was assessed, and feedback was solicited. RESULTS Overall, 290 of 3165 individuals contacted completed the online module (9.2%), and 38.6% of the participants indicated that they learned something new about cancer prevention measures. A similar proportion, 41.4%, mentioned that they learned about measures that were recommended and due. Paradoxically, response rate was the lowest in the ≥50 year old age group although this group reported the highest rate of learning about new cancer prevention measures. Feedback was favorable in that 70.7% mentioned that the recommendations were helpful to them personally, 69.3% felt motivated to take action to reduce their risk of cancers, and 67% would recommend the online module to their friends and family. CONCLUSION We developed an online cancer prevention module which seems to be suitable for promoting cancer prevention measures as feedback was favorable, and new knowledge was gained. Future efforts will focus on using the module to promote cancer prevention measures to the general public particularly for the ≥50 year age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Shah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences(UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Milan Bimali
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kristie Hadden
- Department of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, UAMS, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Mayumi Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences(UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death within the United States. Adolescence remains a critical stage of development in which new cognitive skills and lifestyle factors related to cancer are acquired. It is critical to understand adolescents' knowledge of cancer and preferences for receiving clear and easy-to-comprehend information about cancer and cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents' perceptions of cancer and cancer risk factors and identify their preferences for receiving cancer prevention education. METHODS The survey used in this study was based on the Health Belief Model framework, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and the Cancer, Clear & Simple (CC&S) Curriculum. The survey evaluated adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and health-related behaviors regarding cancer and cancer prevention among adolescents. Three Midwestern middle and high schools were recruited, and 235 students completed the survey. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Study participants had some basic knowledge of cancer; however, only 66% recognized that individuals have control over their risk of developing cancer. Participants (95%) reported that cancer prevention was important, yet only 37.3% stated they knew how to lower their risk of getting cancer and 50% indicated that they currently try to make decisions that lower their chances of getting cancer. About 82% stated that an educational game would be a useful tool to learn about cancer and prevention. CONCLUSION Study findings indicate the need for an increase in adolescent knowledge of cancer, specifically how they can control their cancer risk, and prevention strategies through development of game-based education to teach adolescents about cancer-related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilola Abraham
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA
- Olufunmilola Abraham, PhD, MS, BPharm, Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA.
| | - Claire A. Rosenberger
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah M. LeMay
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah J. Bittner
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA
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Riley AH, Sangalang A, Critchlow E, Brown N, Mitra R, Campos Nesme B. Entertainment-Education Campaigns and COVID-19: How Three Global Organizations Adapted the Health Communication Strategy for Pandemic Response and Takeaways for the Future. Health Commun 2021; 36:42-49. [PMID: 33225758 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1847451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 created a substantial set of challenges for health communication practitioners in the process of planning, implementing, and evaluating entertainment-education (EE) campaigns. EE is a theory and evidence-based communication strategy that employs entertainment media for educational messaging. Here, we briefly review EE campaigns in response to previous health emergencies and present three cases of EE responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from leading global organizations (PCI Media, BBC Media Action, and Sesame Workshop). Responses ranged from adaptation and re-distribution of existing content to creating new content under social-distancing restrictions and utilizing transmedia. These cases demonstrate that EE initiatives responding to future pandemics may be well served by starting with existing infrastructure to quickly build capacity, support, and trust; working with partners to tailor programs to the local context; and continuing to focus on good storytelling while simultaneously considering evolving media formats and theory.
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Simon MA, O'Brian CA, Nava M, Dahdouh R, Wafford QE, Mack S, Holmes KL. Public Libraries as Key Partners for Advancing Health Equity. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:40-42. [PMID: 33326277 PMCID: PMC7750584 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Simon
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Catherine A O'Brian
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Magdalena Nava
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Rabih Dahdouh
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Shenita Mack
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Kristi L Holmes
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
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Mboineki JF, Wang P, Chen C. Fundamental Elements in Training Patient Navigators and Their Involvement in Promoting Public Cervical Cancer Screening Knowledge and Practices: A Systematic Review. Cancer Control 2021; 28:10732748211026670. [PMID: 34169777 PMCID: PMC8236772 DOI: 10.1177/10732748211026670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer screening remains unsatisfactory in some regions due to hindrances. This study aims to explore fundamental elements in training patient navigators and their involvement in promoting screening knowledge and practices. METHODS This systematic review study included only English published articles between 2014 and 2019 from PubMed/Medline, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Wiley online library. RESULTS Healthcare professionals trained patient navigators in 3 days regarding screening basics, along with group discussions and role-plays. They delivered effective health education and navigation assistance. CONCLUSION The group education session facilitated by patient navigators, coupled with navigation care, resulted in a high screening rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanes Faustine Mboineki
- First Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Health Sciences, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Panpan Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changying Chen
- First Affiliated Teaching Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Hill TF, Stark CM, Sellers DE, Dollahite JS. Training Needs of Nutrition Educators Engaged in Policy, Systems, and Environmental Approaches. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:1131-1138. [PMID: 32896472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess training needs of nutrition educators incorporating policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches into their obesity prevention efforts, to identify content for online training. METHODS Conducted a national, online survey of state and local Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education professionals engaged in PSE efforts. RESULTS Respondents (n = 601) rated the importance of 24 training topics related to planning, implementing, and evaluating PSE approaches. Most (21) topics were rated very important or essential, confirming the need for a comprehensive approach. Paired-sample t tests found significant differences (P <0.001) in some training needs between local and state staff (eg, training in evaluation rated higher for state staff). Training needs did not differ by program, region, or length of employment. The top 5 settings for PSE efforts were schools, farmers' markets, food banks/pantries, community gardens, and after-school programs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results informed the development of an online training for program implementers. Future research will be needed to assess and refine training needs further, which will evolve as nutrition educators gain more experience in PSE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deborah E Sellers
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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Samuel SP, Chinnaraju S, Williams HF, Pichamuthu E, Subharao M, Vaiyapuri M, Arumugam S, Vaiyapuri R, Baksh MF, Patel K, Trim SA, Duncombe TE, Vaiyapuri S. Venomous snakebites: Rapid action saves lives-A multifaceted community education programme increases awareness about snakes and snakebites among the rural population of Tamil Nadu, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008911. [PMID: 33382715 PMCID: PMC7774832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of public awareness surrounding the dangers of snakebite envenomation (SBE) is one of the most critical factors contributing to SBE-induced complications, and subsequently exacerbating the number of deaths and disabilities resulting from SBE. In this study, we deployed a multifaceted community education programme to educate students, healthcare professionals and members of the public in rural areas of Tamil Nadu, India about the dangers of SBE, appropriate first aid measures and the 'do's and don'ts' following a snakebite. An assessment of prior knowledge within these communities identified several misconceptions concerning snakes and SBE. Using a combination of direct engagement (estimated to reach over 200,000 people), information leaflets (200,000 distributed), posters, video documentaries, media and social media (>2.8 million engagements), over the course of one year (January to December 2019) we reached over 3 million people in rural Tamil Nadu (around 8% of population). Evaluation of community-based assemblies indicated that at least 90% of attendees were able to recall the key messages at the end of the events, and at least 85% were able to recall the key messages even after 12 months. Due to high demand, a one-day symposium was organised to provide clinical knowledge and training on SBE to 250 healthcare professionals in rural Tamil Nadu. Notably, an assessment of patient data (291 victims) collected from a snakebite referral hospital over the same 12-month period (2019) indicated that arrival time at hospital following a snakebite was significantly faster and the effective first aid measures were administered to patients who were aware of our activities compared to those that were not. Overall, our approach provides a framework on how to educate rural communities about the dangers of SBE and thereby, mitigate delayed SBE treatment leading to an overall reduction in SBE-induced mortality, morbidity, treatment costs and other socio-economic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Paul Samuel
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kings Lynn, United Kingdom
- TCR Multispeciality Hospital, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Fazil Baksh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tracey E. Duncombe
- Research and Enterprise Services, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Muze M, Yesse M, Kedir S, Mustefa A. Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:707. [PMID: 33213406 PMCID: PMC7678074 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in underdeveloped countries. Hence, this study was intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte Zone. METHOD Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to January 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select 422 study participants from 11 randomly selected health facilities. Data was collected by using a structured-interviewer administered questionnaire. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured by standard non stretchable MUAC tape. Data was entered into a computer using Epi data 3.1 and edited, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Both bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with maternal undernutrition. RESULT In this study, the overall prevalence of undernutrition among study subjects was 21.8%. Age greater than 31 years of women (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93), Birth intervals > 2 years (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.76), good nutritional knowledge (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17, 0.67), and having no dietary change as a result of current pregnancy AOR = 6.02; 95% CI: 2.99, 12.14) were significantly associated with undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8%. Current estimate is lower than previously reported in the study area but higher than reported in developed country. Age of women, Birth intervals, and Dietary change as a result of current pregnancy and Nutrition knowledge were important risk factors/ predictors of undernutrition (MUAC < 23 cm). Interventions targeting maternal nutrition education and child spacing with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Muze
- Department of Nursing, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia.
| | - Mubarek Yesse
- Department of Nursing, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Shemsu Kedir
- Department of Nursing, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
| | - Abdilmejid Mustefa
- Department of Nursing, Collage of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia
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Paz-Pascual C, Artieta-Pinedo I, Espinosa M, Bully P. Development of two instruments for assessing maternity health needs: protocol of a clinimetric study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:701. [PMID: 33203371 PMCID: PMC7670976 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unquestionable need to adapt health care to the needs of each woman, to foster her self-confidence and provide her with the autonomy to manage her own maternity. This involves empowering her to choose and face her model of childbirth and childcare responsibly. The range of self-management health needs tests offered by the scientific community at this stage of life is practically non-existent. In this project, we intend to develop and evaluate the validity, reliability and ease of use of two self-administered analysis instruments for: 1.- Needs of women preparing for childbirth and 2.- Identification of alarm symptoms in the puerperium. METHODS This is a descriptive study of the clinimetric characteristics and usability of two developed self-applied digital instruments for measuring needs in childbirth and postpartum based on the recommendations made in the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN) and by the International Test Commission (ITC). The study consists of two phases: 1 - Evaluation of the clinimetric properties of the two instruments, which were developed and then altered, based on their comprehensibility and global usability estimated from a pilot study and 2 - Pre-implementation study. DISCUSSION The final product will be two valid, reliable, usable instruments for self-assessment of health needs that are highly acceptable to young couples and the professionals who serve them. They will be a valuable resource for meeting the needs of the population more efficiently and guiding decision-making, and they will contribute to the greater sustainability of the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Paz-Pascual
- Atención Primaria en Salud, Prevención y Enfermedades Crónicas, IIS, Biocruces Bizkaia, Osakidetza, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
- Primary Care Midwife, Markonzaga Health Centre, Sestao, Bizkaia Spain
- Midwifery Training Unit of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Isabel Artieta-Pinedo
- Atención Primaria en Salud, Prevención y Enfermedades Crónicas, IIS, Biocruces Bizkaia, Osakidetza, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
- Primary Care Midwife, Zuazo Health Centre, Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
- School of Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Maite Espinosa
- Atención Primaria en Salud, Prevención y Enfermedades Crónicas, IIS, Biocruces Bizkaia, Osakidetza, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Paola Bully
- Methodological and Statistical Consulting, Sopuerta, Bizkaia Spain
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Morris SE, Paterson N, Mendu ML. Grieving and Hospital-Based Bereavement Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Hosp Med 2020; 15:699-701. [PMID: 33147131 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sue E Morris
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nivetha Paterson
- Patient and Family Relations, Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mallika L Mendu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Quality and Safety, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Chaimaha N, Putthinoi S, Lersilp S. Development of Learning Media for the Elderly to Promote Child Health in the Community. Occup Ther Int 2020; 2020:7252046. [PMID: 33192198 PMCID: PMC7644320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7252046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop learning media for the elderly to promote child health. The participants consisted of 172 elderly people aged 60 years and older in a suburban village of northern Thailand. This study consisted of a survey questionnaire and focus group discussions and was divided in to two phases: (1) exploring the needs of the elderly in the knowledge of child health and (2) developing learning media, so that the elderly can learn how to promote child health and evaluate its efficiency in the trial process. Results showed that the participants mostly preferred the topic of activities of daily living (ADL) in children. The learning media contributes two major contents: (a) knowledge of child development in five types of ADL performance, brushing, eating, dressing, bathing, and toileting, and (b) methods in teaching ADL skills in children. The digital contents in the learning media were proposed to experts for professional approval. Efficiency of the learning media was evaluated after the trial, when the participants expressed their opinion, and the users perceived that the learning media was effective, motivating, easy to use, and simple in the terms used, as well as appropriate in the sequence of contents and pictures and font, size, and color of the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napalai Chaimaha
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Putthinoi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suchitporn Lersilp
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Maina G, Mclean M, Mcharo S, Kennedy M, Djiometio J, King A. A scoping review of school-based indigenous substance use prevention in preteens (7-13 years). Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:74. [PMID: 32998753 PMCID: PMC7528230 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset substance use is a risk factor for continued use, dependency, and poor long-term health outcomes. Indigenous youth are more likely to engage in early-onset substance use than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Canada, culturally appropriate prevention programs are needed for Indigenous youth in elementary schools. Therefore, this scoping review aims to explore the published, international literature examining school-based substance use prevention programs for Indigenous children aged 7-13. MAIN TEXT Methods: This scoping review followed a six-step approach: 1) identifying the research questions, 2) identifying relevant studies, 3) selecting the studies, 4) charting the data, 5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results, and 6) consulting with experts. The review was reported using guidelines from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extensions for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). RESULTS Eleven articles (3 Canadian; 7 American and; 1 Australian) were included in the review. The prevention programs they studied were based on existing research or were adapted from existing interventions. The programs were tailored to each communities' culture by including Indigenous stakeholders in developing or adapting prevention programs to be culturally safe and responsive. The articles evaluated the programs' Effectiveness in changing student knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors using pre- and post-intervention surveys, randomized control trials, longitudinally designed analysis, and mixed methods. Mixed quantitative findings and qualitative findings highlighted the programs' value in building community capacity and fostering cultural revitalization. CONCLUSION This review highlights best practices for developing school-based substance use prevention programs for Indigenous youth. Findings suggest that prevention programs should be culturally responsive and provide students with the knowledge and skills to prevent and manage substance use in real-life situations. Making Indigenous beliefs, values, languages, images, and worldviews central to the prevention curriculum enhanced the Effectiveness, appropriateness, and sustainability of prevention programs. Indigenous communities are best positioned to facilitate cultural tailoring without compromising the fidelity of evidence-based prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 210-1301 Central Avenue, Prince Albert, S5V 4W1 S.K, Canada.
| | - Maeve Mclean
- Master of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Solomon Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Campus, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Librarian- Library, and Museums - Public Services 2, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Joseph Djiometio
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alexandra King
- Cameco Chair in Indigenous Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Kerr EM, Vonnahme LA, Goswami ND. Impact of Targeted Local Interventions on Tuberculosis Awareness and Screening Among Persons Experiencing Homelessness During a Large Tuberculosis Outbreak in Atlanta, Georgia, 2015-2016. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:90S-99S. [PMID: 32735200 PMCID: PMC7407052 DOI: 10.1177/0033354920932644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks disproportionately affect persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the United States. During 2014-2016, a resurgent TB outbreak occurred among PEH in Atlanta, Georgia. To control the outbreak, citywide policies and educational interventions were implemented in January 2015. Policy changes standardized and enforced TB screening requirements for PEH in homeless shelters. Educational campaigns informed PEH of the outbreak and encouraged TB screening. We evaluated factors associated with, and the effect policy changes and educational interventions had on, TB screening and awareness among PEH in Atlanta. METHODS Questions related to TB screening and awareness of the outbreak were added to an annual US Department of Housing and Urban Development survey of PEH in Atlanta in 2015 (n = 296 respondents) and 2016 (n = 1325 respondents). We analyzed the 2016 survey data to determine characteristics associated with outcomes. RESULTS From 2015 to 2016, reported TB screening increased from 81% to 86%, and awareness of the TB outbreak increased from 68% to 75%. In 2016, sheltered PEH were significantly more likely than unsheltered PEH to report being evaluated for TB in the previous 6 months (prevalence odds ratio [pOR] = 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28-4.47) and to report being aware of the TB outbreak (pOR = 4.00; 95% CI, 2.89-5.55). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of required TB screening and educational interventions may reduce the incidence and severity of TB outbreaks among PEH in other communities. Furthermore, the annual survey of PEH offers an opportunity to collect data to better inform practices and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Kerr
- 25798 Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laura A Vonnahme
- 1242 Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neela D Goswami
- 25798 Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- 1242 Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Steinmetz JJ. 2021 Conference Theme: Raising Reliance and Resilience. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:831. [PMID: 32917295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Lambdin BH, Bluthenthal RN, Wenger LD, Wheeler E, Garner B, Lakosky P, Kral AH. Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Within Syringe Service Programs - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:1117-1121. [PMID: 32817603 PMCID: PMC7439981 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6933a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Syringe service programs (SSPs), which provide access to sterile syringes and other injection equipment and their safe disposal after use,* represent a highly successful human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention intervention. SSPs are associated with a 58% reduction in the incidence of HIV infection among persons who inject drugs (1). In addition, SSPs have led efforts to prevent opioid overdose deaths by integrating evidence-based opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs (2-4). OEND programs train laypersons to respond during overdose events and provide access to naloxone and directions for drug delivery (2-4). SSPs are ideal places for OEND because they provide culturally relevant services designed to reach persons at high risk for experiencing or observing an opioid overdose. A 2013 survey found that only 55% of SSPs in the United States had implemented OEND (5). To characterize current implementation of OEND among SSPs, and to describe the current reach (i.e., the ratio of persons who received naloxone per opioid overdose death and the ratio of naloxone doses distributed per opioid overdose death) of SSP-based OEND programs by U.S. Census division,† a survey of known U.S. SSPs was conducted in 2019, which found that 94% of SSPs had implemented OEND. In addition, the reach of SSP-based OEND programs varied by U.S. Census division. Scaling up of SSP-based OEND delivery programs could be a critical component for areas of the country with high opioid overdose death rates and low reach.
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Asher RC, Jakstas T, Wolfson JA, Rose AJ, Bucher T, Lavelle F, Dean M, Duncanson K, Innes B, Burrows T, Collins CE, Shrewsbury VA. Cook-Ed TM: A Model for Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Cooking Programs to Improve Diet and Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072011. [PMID: 32640756 PMCID: PMC7400850 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic cooking education programs are typically designed to improve an individual’s food and cooking skills, although not necessarily diet quality. Currently, there are no comprehensive models to guide the planning, implementation and evaluation of domestic cooking education programs that focus on improving diet and health. Our aim was to address this through development of the Cooking Education (“Cook-EdTM”) model, using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model as the underlying Cook-EdTM framework. A review of the food and cooking skills education literature informed the content of the Cook-EdTM model. Cook-EdTM was critiqued by experts in consumer behaviour, cooking and nutrition education research and education until consensus on model content and format was reached. Cook-EdTM leads cooking program developers through eight distinct stages, engaging key stakeholders in a co-design process from the outset to tailor programs to address the need of individuals and inform the development of program content, program delivery, and evaluation. A Cook-EdTM scenario applied in practice is described. The proposed Cook-EdTM model has potential to be adapted for use in domestic cooking education programs delivered in clinical, community, school or research settings. Further research will establish Cook-EdTM’s utility in enhancing program development and in improving food and cooking skills, dietary patterns and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta C. Asher
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Tammie Jakstas
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Julia A. Wolfson
- Department of Health Management and Policy and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Anna J. Rose
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tamara Bucher
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Fiona Lavelle
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Moira Dean
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Kerith Duncanson
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Beth Innes
- Challenge Community Services, Wickham, NSW 2293, Australia;
| | - Tracy Burrows
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Vanessa A. Shrewsbury
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.C.A.); (T.J.); (T.B.); (K.D.); (T.B.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (A.J.R.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-24921-7860
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Abstract
This article explores the nature of stigma and discusses how stigma negatively affects both adults and children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Pope Rank
- Wendi Pope Rank is a certified neuroscience RN currently working as a substitute nurse in the Centennial School District in Pennsylvania
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Perales J, Moore WT, Fernandez C, Chavez D, Ramirez M, Johnson D, Resendez J, Bueno C, Vidoni ED. Feasibility of an Alzheimer's disease knowledge intervention in the Latino community. Ethn Health 2020; 25:747-758. [PMID: 29457466 PMCID: PMC6098744 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1439899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Latinos experience disparities in Alzheimer's disease (AD) knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a 45-minute culturally-tailored AD knowledge presentation for professionals serving the Latino community and Latinos served by Latino community organizations. Methods: One-session AD knowledge lunch-and-learn events were conducted with 40 professionals and 37 served Latinos. Participants received a pre-post survey including questions on satisfaction, a subjective AD knowledge question and a 14 item objective AD knowledge questionnaire. Results: Professionals (54.3%) and served Latinos (94.6%) reported the session as being very enjoyable and increased in objective AD knowledge (2.1 and 2.5 units, p < .001) and subjective knowledge (1.1 and 1.7 units; p < .001). Discussion: A brief in-person culturally-tailored session of AD education increases short-term AD knowledge and is perceived as interesting and useful among professionals serving the Latino community and Latinos served by Latino community organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Perales
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4125 Rainbow Blvd. MS 1076, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - W. Todd Moore
- Community Partnership for Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd. MS 3064, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | | | - Daniel Chavez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4125 Rainbow Blvd. MS 1076, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Mariana Ramirez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4125 Rainbow Blvd. MS 1076, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - David Johnson
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, MS6002, Fairway, KS 66205
| | - Jason Resendez
- LatinosAgainstAlzheimer’s Coalition; UsAgainstAlzheimer’s; 2 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 700, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Carolina Bueno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, 4125 Rainbow Blvd. MS 1076, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, MS6002, Fairway, KS 66205
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Metwally AM, Abdel-Latif GA, Mohsen A, El Etreby L, Elmosalami DM, Saleh RM, El-Sonbaty MM, Amer HA, El Deeb SE, Fathy AM, Hanna C, Azmy O, Taha TF, Abbassy A, Alalfy M, Hasan HM, Abdelrahman M. Strengths of community and health facilities based interventions in improving women and adolescents' care seeking behaviors as approaches for reducing maternal mortality and improving birth outcome among low income communities of Egypt. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:592. [PMID: 32600377 PMCID: PMC7322855 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provision of emergency obstetric care is considered the key for maternal mortality reduction worldwide. This study evaluated the impact of community- and facility-based educational programs on provision of emergency obstetric care in Egypt. The study focused on evaluating utilization of the available health services and care seeking behaviors of mothers in the childbearing period. METHODS We implemented a package of community- and facility-focused educational interventions in two of Egypt's lowest income governorates. At facility level, health professionals at rural health units from 21 villages over 5 years were trained. Mass media gathering, individual teaching at health facilities, printed materials and home-based care sessions were provided. Collectively, these interventions were designed to focusing on recognition of the early warning signs during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period for timely referral to hospitals for 20,494 women and adolescents mothers. RESULTS The impact of the interventions was highly reflected on the percent of mothers received care during their pregnancy period. Proper antenatal care at governmental or private health facilities was raised dramatically from 0.6 to 59.3% and those who utilized at least one family planning method from 61.4 to 74.4%. Accordingly, the rate of complications significantly reduced during pregnancy (38.1 to 15.1%), during delivery (24.1 to 13.1%) and during postpartum (81.7 to 7.0%). As an impact to the improvement, there was a marked reduction in adolescent pregnancy by 55% and better birth outcome with a reduction in the percent of stillbirth by 11.5%. CONCLUSION It is important to provide a comprehensive package that works at both improving qualities of care as well as empowering women by knowledge to first aid measures at the community level. The cost-effective way to empower mothers to provide first aid measures as emergency obstetric care is to adopt the outreach approach which could be more influential than mass media campaigns for the at-risk and vulnerable and low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A Abdel-Latif
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Mohsen
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lobna El Etreby
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Elmosalami
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehan M Saleh
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M El-Sonbaty
- Child Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Amer
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
- Infection Control Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif E El Deeb
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Fathy
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Carine Hanna
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Azmy
- Reproductive Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tamer F Taha
- Reproductive Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amr Abbassy
- Reproductive Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alalfy
- Reproductive Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Mohamed Hasan
- Reproductive Health Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Community Medicine Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Fynn JF, Hardeman W, Milton K, Jones AP. A scoping review of evaluation frameworks and their applicability to real-world physical activity and dietary change programme evaluation. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1000. [PMID: 32586301 PMCID: PMC7318477 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and dietary change programmes play a central role in addressing public health priorities. Programme evaluation contributes to the evidence-base about these programmes; and helps justify and inform policy, programme and funding decisions. A range of evaluation frameworks have been published, but there is uncertainty about their usability and applicability to different programmes and evaluation objectives, and the extent to which they are appropriate for practitioner-led or researcher-led evaluation. This review appraises the frameworks that may be applicable to evaluation of physical activity and/or dietary change programmes, and develops a typology of the frameworks to help guide decision making by practitioners, commissioners and evaluators. METHODS A scoping review approach was used. This included a systematic search and consultation with evaluation experts to identify evaluation frameworks and to develop a set of evaluation components to appraise them. Data related to each framework's general characteristics and components were extracted. This was used to construct a typology of the frameworks based on their intended programme type, evaluation objective and format. Each framework was then mapped against the evaluation components to generate an overview of the guidance included within each framework. RESULTS The review identified 71 frameworks. These were described variously in terms of purpose, content, or applicability to different programme contexts. The mapping of frameworks highlighted areas of overlap and strengths and limitations in the available guidance. Gaps within the frameworks which may warrant further development included guidance on participatory approaches, non-health and unanticipated outcomes, wider contextual and implementation factors, and sustainability. CONCLUSIONS Our typology and mapping signpost to frameworks where guidance on specific components can be found, where there is overlap, and where there are gaps in the guidance. Practitioners and evaluators can use these to identify, agree upon and apply appropriate frameworks. Researchers can use them to identify evaluation components where there is already guidance available and where further development may be useful. This should help focus research efforts where it is most needed and promote the uptake and use of evaluation frameworks in practice to improve the quality of evaluation and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith F Fynn
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Wendy Hardeman
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Karen Milton
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andy P Jones
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Baron D, Scorgie F, Ramskin L, Khoza N, Schutzman J, Stangl A, Harvey S, Delany-Moretlwe S. "You talk about problems until you feel free": South African adolescent girls' and young women's narratives on the value of HIV prevention peer support clubs. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1016. [PMID: 32590969 PMCID: PMC7320560 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV infection in adolescent girls and young women if used consistently during periods of risk. The EMPOWER study evaluated peer-based clubs incorporating an empowerment curriculum offered to adolescent girls and young women (16-24 years) in South Africa and Tanzania for adherence support. METHODS Using serial in-depth interviews (n = 33), we assessed the benefits and challenges of club attendance among 13 EMPOWER participants in the Johannesburg site who were randomised to clubs. We used a summary matrix of coded data to support a narrative, case-based analysis. Four case studies are presented. RESULTS Club participants reported benefits such as increased self-esteem and self-efficacy, reduced isolation, and greater insight into gender-based violence and strategies to address it. Day-to-day PrEP adherence was not the only topic discussed in clubs; participants also appreciated the safe space for sharing problems (such as relationship conflict and PrEP stigma) and found interactive exercises helpful in improving partner communication. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the use of peer-based clubs using a structured empowerment approach, which may offer valuable PrEP initiation support to adolescent girls and young women in settings with high HIV and gender-based violence prevalence. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202006754762723 , 5 April 2020, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Baron
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | - Fiona Scorgie
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa.
| | - Lethabo Ramskin
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | - Nomhle Khoza
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | | | - Anne Stangl
- International Center for Research on Women, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sheila Harvey
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
- Wits RHI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 22 Esselen Street, Hillbrow, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
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Yin X, He Y, Zhang J, Song F, Liu J, Sun G, Liang Y, Ye J, Hu Y, Song M, Chen C, Xu Q, Tan N, Chen J, Liu Y, Liu H, Tian M. Patient-level and system-level barriers associated with treatment delays for ST elevation myocardial infarction in China. Heart 2020; 106:1477-1482. [PMID: 32580976 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-316621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand the current ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) treatment process in Guangdong Province and explore patient-level and system-level barriers associated with delay in STEMI treatment, so as to provide recommendations for improvement. METHODS This is a qualitative study. Data were collected using semistructured, face-to-face individual interviews from April 2018 to January 2019. Participants included patients with STEMI, cardiologists and nurses from hospitals, emergency department doctors, primary healthcare providers, local health governors, and coordinators at the emergency medical system (EMS). An inductive thematic analysis was adopted to generate overarching themes and subthemes for potential causes of STEMI treatment delay. The WHO framework for people-centred integrated health services was used to frame recommendations for improving the health system. RESULTS Thirty-two participants were interviewed. Patient-level barriers included poor knowledge in recognising STEMI symptoms and not calling EMS when symptoms occurred. Limited capacity of health professionals in hospitals below the tertiary level and lack of coordination between hospitals of different levels were identified as the main system-level barriers. Five recommendations were provided: (1) enhance public health education; (2) strengthen primary healthcare workforce; (3) increase EMS capacity; (4) establish an integrated care model; and (5) harness government's responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS Barriers associated with delay in STEMI treatment were identified at both patient and system levels. The results of this study provide a useful evidence base for future intervention development to improve the quality of STEMI treatment and patient outcomes in China and other countries in a similar situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Yin
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yibo He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Feier Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoli Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Dongguan TCM Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Shunde, China
| | - Mingcai Song
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hueiming Liu
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maoyi Tian
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
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Caputo B, Russo G, Manica M, Vairo F, Poletti P, Guzzetta G, Merler S, Scagnolari C, Solimini A. A comparative analysis of the 2007 and 2017 Italian chikungunya outbreaks and implication for public health response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008159. [PMID: 32525957 PMCID: PMC7289343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne infection that is emerging in temperate areas of Europe, following the expansion of one of its vector species, Aedes albopictus. Although CHIKV fever is a self-limiting disease, with a clinical syndrome often resolving within few days, it can also cause severe sequelae, including chronic polyarthralgia lasting up to 5 years. Additionally, CHIKV outbreaks may limit blood bank donations, adding economic burden on the health system. Public health authorities in Europe need to increase their preparedness against this emerging threat. Two large CHIKV outbreaks occurred in Italy in 2007 and 2017, with hundreds of cases and significant geographical spread. The aim of this paper is to review and compare the 2 Italian outbreaks in terms of available estimates of key epidemiological features, patient clinical presentation, virus and immunological characteristics, and public health response. Recommendations for public health and future directions for research are also discussed and highlighted. In Europe, vector-borne diseases have been increasing during the last decades. CHIKV is an example of a neglected emerging disease transmitted by the alien mosquitoes Ae. albopictus that caused 2 large outbreaks in Italy in 2007 and 2017. It is important to compare the main epidemiological, clinical, virological, and immunological features, as well as the public health responses, to increase preparedness to face future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanitá Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Dipartimento di Sanitá Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Vairo
- Regional Service for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SERESMI)—Lazio Region, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Poletti
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
- Center for Information Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guzzetta
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
- Center for Information Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Merler
- Epilab-JRU, FEM-FBK Joint Research Unit, Trento, Italy
- Center for Information Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Solimini
- Dipartimento di Sanitá Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Bristol AA, Convery KA, Sotelo V, Schneider CE, Lin SY, Fletcher J, Rupper R, Galvin JE, Brody AA. Protocol for an embedded pragmatic clinical trial to test the effectiveness of Aliviado Dementia Care in improving quality of life for persons living with dementia and their informal caregivers. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 93:106005. [PMID: 32320844 PMCID: PMC7269690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persons living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) frequently experience pain and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) which decrease quality of life (QOL) and influence caregiver burden. Home healthcare professionals however may underrecognize or lack the ability to manage BPSD. INTERVENTION This protocol describes an ADRD palliative quality assurance performance improvement program for home healthcare, Aliviado Dementia Care-Home Health Edition. It includes training, mentoring, and a toolbox containing intervention strategies. METHODS This embedded pragmatic clinical trial will utilize a multi-site, cluster randomized control design. Recruitment will occur from three home healthcare agencies located in New Jersey, Utah, and Florida. At each agency, care teams will be randomized as clusters and assigned to either the Aliviado Dementia Care program or usual care. We plan to enroll 345 persons living with ADRD and their informal caregiver dyads. The primary outcome will be to measure QOL in both the person living with ADRD and their informal caregiver, and emergency department visits and hospital admissions. Secondary outcomes in the person living with ADRD will include the examination of pain, BPSD, antipsychotic and analgesic use. Secondary outcomes in caregivers include burden, depressive symptoms, functional health and wellbeing, and healthcare utilization. CONCLUSION This study will be the first large-scale embedded pragmatic clinical trial in home healthcare focused on care quality and outcomes in addressing QOL in ADRD. If proven successful, the intervention can then be disseminated to agencies throughout the country to improve the quality of care for this vulnerable, underserved population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov: NCT03255967.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly A Convery
- The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, United States
| | - Victor Sotelo
- The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, United States
| | | | - Shih-Yin Lin
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, United States
| | | | - Randall Rupper
- University of Utah School of Medicine, United States; George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - James E Galvin
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
| | - Abraham A Brody
- The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, United States.
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Buller DB, Reynolds KD, Buller MK, Massie K, Berteletti J, Ashley J, Meenan R. Parent reports of sun safety communication and behaviour for students in a randomised trial on a school policy implementation intervention. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:208-214. [PMID: 32459394 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schools are an important setting for skin cancer prevention. An intervention for implementation of school sun safety policy, Sun Safety Schools (SSS), was evaluated. METHODS Primary schools (n=118) in California school districts that had already adopted a sun safety policy were enrolled in a study with a randomised controlled design. Half of the schools were randomised to SSS intervention (N=58). Parents completed an online post-test. RESULTS More parents in intervention schools received information about sun safety (mean=26.3%, sd=3.1%, p=0.017) and children more frequently wore sun-protective clothing when not at school (mean=2.93, sd=0.03, p=0.033) than in control schools (mean=18.0%, sd=2.5%; mean=2.83, sd=0.03, respectively). In schools where principals reported implementing sun safety practices, parents reported that children spent less time outdoors at midday (mean=14.78 hours, sd=0.25, p=0.033) and fewer were sunburned (mean=12.7%, sd=1.1%, p=0.009) than in non-implementing schools (M=16.3 hours, sd=0.67; mean=21.2%, sd=3.8%, respectively). Parents who received sun safety information (mean=3.08, sd=0.04, p=0.008) reported more child sun protection than parents not receiving information (mean=2.96, sd=0.02). CONCLUSIONS A school district sun protection policy and support for implementation increased dissemination of sun safety information to parents and student sun safety. Implications for public health: Technical assistance for sun safety policies may increase sun protection of children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim D Reynolds
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, California, US
| | | | - Kim Massie
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, California, US
| | | | | | - Richard Meenan
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Oregon, US
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Paradis E, Nimmon L, Wondimagegn D, Whitehead CR. Critical Theory: Broadening Our Thinking to Explore the Structural Factors at Play in Health Professions Education. Acad Med 2020; 95:842-845. [PMID: 31809292 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As part of the Philosophy of Science series of Invited Commentaries, this article on critical theory describes the origins of this research paradigm and its key concepts and orientations (ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology, and rigor). The authors frame critical theory as an umbrella term for different theories, including feminism, antiracism, and anticolonialism. They emphasize the structural analysis that critical scholars conduct to uncover and sometimes address the role that social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic, and gender factors play in health professions education. They note the importance of acknowledging one's social location when doing critical research and highlight the core values of democracy and egalitarianism that underpin critical research. Methodologically, the authors stress how critical scholars reject singular truths in favor of more nuanced portraits of concepts and events, mobilize inductive approaches over deductive ones, and use critical theory to develop their projects and analyze their data. Following upon this elucidation of critical theory, the authors apply this paradigm to analyze the sample case of Lee, a medical resident who was involved in a medication error. The authors conclude that research conducted in the critical tradition has the potential to transcend individualistic accounts by revealing underlying structural forces that constrain or support individual agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Paradis
- E. Paradis is assistant professor, status only, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-4721. L. Nimmon is a scientist, Centre for Health Education Scholarship, and assistant professor, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7291-603X. D. Wondimagegn is associate professor of psychiatry and chief executive director, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, and a consultant psychiatrist, Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. C.R. Whitehead is vice president, education, Women's College Hospital, director and scientist, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, and professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-9074
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Riordan F, Racine E, Phillip ET, Bradley C, Lorencatto F, Murphy M, Murphy A, Browne J, Smith SM, Kearney PM, McHugh SM. Development of an intervention to facilitate implementation and uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening. Implement Sci 2020; 15:34. [PMID: 32429983 PMCID: PMC7236930 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Implementation interventions' refer to methods used to enhance the adoption and implementation of clinical interventions such as diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS). DRS is effective, yet uptake is often suboptimal. Despite most routine management taking place in primary care and the central role of health care professionals (HCP) in referring to DRS, few interventions have been developed for primary care. We aimed to develop a multifaceted intervention targeting both professionals and patients to improve DRS uptake as an example of a systematic development process combining theory, stakeholder involvement, and evidence. METHODS First, we identified target behaviours through an audit in primary care of screening attendance. Second, we interviewed patients (n = 47) and HCP (n = 30), to identify determinants of uptake using the Theoretical Domains Framework, mapping these to behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to develop intervention content. Thirdly, we conducted semi-structured consensus groups with stakeholders, specifically users of the intervention, i.e. patients (n = 15) and HCPs (n = 16), regarding the feasibility, acceptability, and local relevance of selected BCTs and potential delivery modes. We consulted representatives from the national DRS programme to check intervention 'fit' with existing processes. We applied the APEASE criteria (affordability, practicability, effectiveness, acceptability, side effects, and equity) to select the final intervention components, drawing on findings from the previous steps, and a rapid evidence review of operationalised BCT effectiveness. RESULTS We identified potentially modifiable target behaviours at the patient (consent, attendance) and professional (registration) level. Patient barriers to consent/attendance included confusion between screening and routine eye checks, and fear of a negative result. Enablers included a recommendation from friends/family or professionals and recognising screening importance. Professional barriers to registration included the time to register patients and a lack of readily available information on uptake in their local area/practice. Most operationalised BCTs were acceptable to patients and HCPs while the response to feasibility varied. After considering APEASE, the core intervention, incorporating a range of BCTs, involved audit/feedback, electronic prompts targeting professionals, HCP-endorsed reminders (face-to-face, by phone and letter), and an information leaflet for patients. CONCLUSIONS Using the example of an intervention to improve DRS uptake, this study illustrates an approach to integrate theory with user involvement. This process highlighted tensions between theory-informed and stakeholder suggestions, and the need to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)/BCT structure flexibly. The final intervention draws on the trusted professional-patient relationship, leveraging existing services to enhance implementation of the DRS programme. Intervention feasibility in primary care will be evaluated in a randomised cluster pilot trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Riordan
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Emmy Racine
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eunice T Phillip
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Bradley
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mark Murphy
- Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aileen Murphy
- Department of Economics, Cork University Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Browne
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan M Smith
- Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia M Kearney
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sheena M McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Rd, Cork, Ireland
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Wang M, Fang H. The effect of health education on knowledge and behavior toward respiratory infectious diseases among students in Gansu, China: a quasi-natural experiment. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:681. [PMID: 32404088 PMCID: PMC7222316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory infectious diseases (RID) threaten the health and life quality of school students. However, previous related studies were insufficient in research design and method applied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education on the knowledge and behavior of students toward RID through difference-in-difference (DID) analysis in Gansu, China. METHODS In 2015-2016, a one-year health education program in Gansu, China was conducted. The intervention group contained 1064 students before and 1001 students after the health education (2015 and 2016, respectively). The control group contained 1018 and 1001 students, respectively. The health education, including playing promotional cartoons, developing lectures, giving out handbook copies and making hand copy and blackboard newspapers, and publicity columns on RID, were conducted monthly from 2015 to 2016 in intervention group. The data were collected before and after the health education program with a questionnaire on the students' knowledge and preventive behaviors regarding RID. The ×2 and t tests were performed to compare the accuracy rate and scores for RID knowledge and behavior of the two groups. DID estimation was conducted to evaluate the effect of health education on RID knowledge and behavior while controlling the non- equilibrium variables. RESULTS After the health education program, the accuracy rate and scores of most items in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) except for item k9 "What methods can prevent flu?". The DID results wherein the demographics- age, nationality, and household register were controlled showed that health education significantly improved the accuracy rate of RID knowledge by 5.2-63.9% for most items, although the accuracy rates of items k2 "What's the transmission way of the mumps?" and k9 were significantly decreased by 36.8 and 12.0%. The health education significantly improved the score of knowledge by 155.2% (P < 0.001) and the accuracy rate of all items of RID behavior by 2.9-51.5% except for item b3 "If you have phlegm, how do you usually deal with it?". In addition, the health education also significantly improved the score of behavior toward RID of the sampled students by 138.2% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study show that health education seemed to increase the RID knowledge and behavior of students. It is recommended that the health education should be enhanced and popularized in schools of China, and RID transmission routes and prevention methods should attract more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Wang
- China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Haiqing Fang
- Administration Office, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020 China
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Iverson KM, Dichter ME, Stolzmann K, Adjognon OL, Lew RA, Bruce LE, Gerber MR, Portnoy GA, Miller CJ. Assessing the Veterans Health Administration's response to intimate partner violence among women: protocol for a randomized hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness trial. Implement Sci 2020; 15:29. [PMID: 32381013 PMCID: PMC7206678 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-0969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in the United States (US) remains a complex public health crisis. Women who experience IPV are among the most vulnerable patients seen in primary care. Screening increases the detection of IPV and, when paired with appropriate response interventions, can mitigate the health effects of IPV. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has encouraged evidence-based IPV screening programs since 2014, yet adoption is modest and questions remain regarding the optimal ways to implement these practices, which are not yet available within the majority of VA primary care clinics. METHODS/DESIGN This paper describes the planned evaluation of VA's nationwide implementation of IPV screening programs in primary care clinics through a randomized implementation-effectiveness hybrid type 2 trial. With the support of our VA operational partners, we propose a stepped wedge design to compare the impact of two implementation strategies of differing intensities (toolkit + implementation as usual vs. toolkit + implementation facilitation) and investigate the clinical effectiveness of IPV screening programs. Using balanced randomization, 16-20 VA Medical Centers will be assigned to receive implementation facilitation in one of three waves, with implementation support lasting 6 months. Implementation facilitation in this effort consists of the coordinated efforts of the two types of facilitators, external and internal. Implementation facilitation is compared to dissemination of a toolkit plus implementation as usual. We propose a mixed methods approach to collect quantitative (clinical records data) and qualitative (key informant interviews) implementation outcomes, as well as quantitative (clinical records data) clinical effectiveness outcomes. We will supplement these data collection methods with provider surveys to assess discrete implementation strategies used before, during, and following implementation facilitation. The integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework will guide the qualitative data collection and analysis. Summative data will be analyzed using the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. DISCUSSION This research will advance national VHA efforts by identifying the practices and strategies useful for enhancing the implementation of IPV screening programs, thereby ultimately improving services for and health of women seen in primary care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04106193. Registered on 23 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Iverson
- Women’s Health Sciences Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Ave (116B-3), Boston, MA 02130 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Melissa E. Dichter
- VA Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion (CHERP), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, 19104 PA USA
- Department of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kelly Stolzmann
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave (152 M), Boston, MA 02130 USA
| | - Omonyêlé L. Adjognon
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave (152 M), Boston, MA 02130 USA
| | - Robert A. Lew
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave (152 M), Boston, MA 02130 USA
| | - LeAnn E. Bruce
- Intimate Partner Violence Assistance Program, Care Management and Social Work, Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue, Washington, DC 20420 USA
- Department of Social Work, Western Kentucky University School of Social Work, Bowling Green, KY USA
| | - Megan R. Gerber
- Women’s Health Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02130 USA
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Galina A. Portnoy
- Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical comorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Conneticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516 USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research (CHOIR), VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 S. Huntington Ave (152 M), Boston, MA 02130 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Kandula NR, Bernard V, Dave S, Ehrlich-Jones L, Counard C, Shah N, Kumar S, Rao G, Ackermann R, Spring B, Siddique J. The South Asian Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI) trial: Protocol for a mixed-methods, hybrid effectiveness implementation trial for reducing cardiovascular risk in South Asians in the United States. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 92:105995. [PMID: 32220632 PMCID: PMC8011000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intensive lifestyle interventions targeting diet and physical activity are recommended for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in adults. However, existing interventions often do not reach immigrant populations because of a mismatch between the social, cultural, and environmental context of immigrants and Western bio behavioral models which underpin evidence-based lifestyle interventions. The South Asian Healthy Lifestyle Intervention (SAHELI) study is a type 1 hybrid design randomized controlled trial aimed at reducing ASCVD risk in South Asian Americans, a group at higher ASCVD risk than whites and other Asian Americans. The objective is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and implementation potential of a community-based, culturally-adapted lifestyle intervention for South Asian adults. Participants (n = 550) will be randomized to printed healthy lifestyle education materials or SAHELI, a group-based lifestyle change program that includes weekly classes for 16 weeks and 4 booster classes though month 11. SAHELI integrates evidence-based behavior change strategies with culturally-adapted strategies and group motivational interviewing to improve diet, physical activity, and stress management. Follow-up assessments will occur at 6 and 12 months. We hypothesize that the SAHELI intervention group will have greater improvements in clinical ASCVD risk factors (weight, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and lipids), physical activity, and psychosocial outcomes than the print material group at 6- and 12- months. We will use mixed-methods to examine SAHELI's potential for reach, adoption, implementation, and maintenance from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. This study offers the potential to increase the reach and effectiveness of evidence-based lifestyle interventions for South Asian adults at increased risk for ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha R Kandula
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Veronica Bernard
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Swapna Dave
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Linda Ehrlich-Jones
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | | | - Nirav Shah
- Northshore University HealthSystem, Skokie Hospital, Skokie, IL, United States.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Metropolitan Asian Family Services, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Goutham Rao
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Ronald Ackermann
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Juned Siddique
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Chapman-Novakofski K. Supporting One Another. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:464. [PMID: 32389240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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