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Siebert PL, Souto-Galvan A. Exploring barriers to accessing mental health services within minoritised communities in Nottingham City, UK - a creative participatory approach to service improvement. Public Health 2024; 227:228-231. [PMID: 38244351 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We use an art-based approach to engage and involve members of African, African Caribbean and Muslim communities' in exploring barriers to accessing and using mental health services in the co creation and co-production of mental health communication material. STUDY DESIGN A creative practice approach underpinned by the principles of participatory action research was used. METHODS Seven community-based interactive workshops were held between February and June 2022 at three community centres in Nottingham, UK Attendees were invited to take part in open discussions around the conceptualisations of mental health, well-being and emotional health and to draw or describe their experiences of accessing mental health services. RESULTS Attendance was higher than anticipated, with 72 individuals from African, African Caribbean and Pakistan communities taking part in the workshops. What emerged was the low level of understanding of the services available in addressing mental health. In addition, it was felt that health professionals in the National Health Service (NHS) do not sufficiently acknowledge or consider the ethnic, social, cultural and economic factors influencing the mental health and emotional well-being of minoritised communities. Attendees critiqued and provided feedback on service providers' posters and leaflets. They commented on the lack of key information provided, the inclusion of what was viewed as irrelevant content and the use of unfamiliar terminology. Some attendees created mock-ups of what they believed a good poster should look like. CONCLUSION A creative practice approach that follows the principles of participatory action research can play an important role in engaging members of minoritised communities in the co-production and co-design of services. This approach highlighted the need to establish trust and shared ownership among marginalized communities affected by inequities of mental health service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Siebert
- School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK.
| | - A Souto-Galvan
- School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4BU, UK.
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2
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Pereponova A, Lischeid G, Grahmann K, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Ewert FA. Use of the term "landscape" in sustainable agriculture research: A literature review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22173. [PMID: 38053865 PMCID: PMC10694147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding consensus in definitions of commonly-used terms and concepts is a key requirement to enable cooperations between interdisciplinary scientists and practitioners in inter- or transdisciplinary projects. In research on sustainable agriculture, the term 'landscape' is emphasised in particular, being used in studies that range from biogeochemical to socio-economic topics. However, it is normally used in a rather unspecific manner. Moreover, different disciplines assign deviating meanings to this term, which impedes interdisciplinary understanding and synthesis. To close this gap, a systematic literature review from relevant disciplines was conducted to identify a common understanding of the term "landscape". Three general categories of landscape conceptualizations were identified. In a small subset of studies, "landscape" is defined by area size or by natural or anthropogenic borders. The majority of reviewed papers, though, define landscapes as sets of relationships between various elements. Selection of respective elements differed widely depending on research objects. Based on these findings, a new definition of landscape is proposed, which can be operationalized by interdisciplinary researchers to define a common study object and which allows for sufficient flexibility depending on specific research questions. It also avoids over-emphasis on specific spatio-temporal relations at the "landscape scale", which may be context-dependent. Agricultural landscape research demands for study-specific definitions which should be meticulously provided in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pereponova
- Postdoctoral Researcher at Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Co-Head of Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation at the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF, and Professor at University of Potsdam, Institute of Environmental Science and Geography, Germany
| | - Kathrin Grahmann
- Tenure Track Candidate at the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Germany
| | - Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura
- Co-Head of Research Area 2 at Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) and Professor at Humboldt University of Berlin, Department of Agronomy and Crop Science, Germany
| | - Frank A. Ewert
- Scientific Director of the Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) and Professor at the University of Bonn, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Germany
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3
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Lim WC, Hill AM, Edgar DW, Elliott M, van der Lee LM. Multidisciplinary staff perceived barriers and enablers to early mobilization of patients with burns in the ICU. Burns 2023; 49:1688-1697. [PMID: 36878735 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex challenges face clinicians managing critically ill patients with burns, particularly in the context of enhancing outcomes after a stay in ICU. Compounding this, a dearth of research explores the specific and modifiable factors that impact early mobilization in the ICU environment. AIM To explore the barriers and enablers of early functional mobilization for patients with burns in the ICU from a multidisciplinary perspective. DESIGN A qualitative phenomenological study. METHODS Semi-structured interviews supplemented by online questionnaires conducted with 12 multidisciplinary clinicians (four doctors, three nurses and five physical therapists) who previously managed burn patients at a quaternary level ICU. Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Four main themes: patient, ICU clinicians, the workplace and the physical therapist were identified as impacting on early mobilization. Subthemes identified barriers or enablers to mobilization but all were strongly influenced by overarching theme of the clinician's "emotional filter." Barriers included high levels of pain, heavy sedation and low levels of clinician exposure to treating patients with burns. Enablers included higher levels of clinician's experience and knowledge about burn management and benefits of early mobilization; increased coordinated staff resources when undertaking mobilization; and, open communication and positive culture towards early mobilization across the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSION Patient, clinician and workplace barriers and enablers were identified to influencing the likelihood of achieving early mobilization of patients with burns in the ICU. Emotional support for staff through multidisciplinary collaboration and development of structured burns training program were key recommendations to address barriers and strengthen enablers to early mobilization of patients with burns in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lim
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A-M Hill
- School of Allied Health, WA Centre for Health & Ageing, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D W Edgar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia; Burn Injury Research Unit, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia; Fiona Wood Foundation, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Elliott
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L M van der Lee
- School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Physiotherapy, Fiona Stanley Hospital, South Metropolitan Health Service, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
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Andoh K, Hidano A, Sakamoto Y, Sawai K, Arai N, Suda Y, Mine J, Oka T. Current research and future directions for realizing the ideal One-Health approach: A summary of key-informant interviews in Japan and a literature review. One Health 2023; 16:100468. [PMID: 36507073 PMCID: PMC9721418 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the One Health (OH) approach, which considers the health of humans, animals, and the environment in preventing future pandemics. A wide range of sustainable interdisciplinary collaborations are required to truly fulfill the purpose of the OH approach. It is well-recognized, however, that such collaborations are challenging. In this study, we undertook key-informant interviews with a panel of stakeholders from Japan to identify their perceived needs and challenges related to OH research. This panel included scientists, government officials, journalists, and industry stakeholders. By combining a thematic analysis of these interviews and a literature review, we summarized two key themes pertinent to the effective implementation of OH research: types of required research and systems to support that research. As a technological issue, interviewees suggested the importance of research and development of methodologies that can promote the integration and collaboration of research fields that are currently fragmented. An example of such a methodology would allow researchers to obtain high-resolution metadata (e.g. ecological and wildlife data) with high throughput and then maximize the use of the obtained metadata in research, such as in environmental DNA analysis, database construction, or the use of computational algorithms to find novel viral genomes. In terms of systems surrounding OH research, some interviewees stressed the importance of creating a sustainable research system, such as one that has continuous budget support and allows researchers to pursue their academic careers and interests. These perceptions and challenges held by Japanese stakeholders may be common to others around the world. We hope this review will encourage more researchers and others to work together to create a resilient society against future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Andoh
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
- Corresponding author at: National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
| | - Arata Hidano
- Communicable Diseases Policy Research Group, Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshiko Sakamoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sawai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Nobuo Arai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Yuto Suda
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Junki Mine
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Takehiko Oka
- World Fusion Co., Ltd., 1-38-12 Nihonbashi Kakigara-cho, Yusho-kaikann 2F, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0014, Japan
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Pungartnik PC, Abreu A, dos Santos CVB, Cavalcante JR, Faerstein E, Werneck GL. The interfaces between One Health and Global Health: A scoping review. One Health 2023; 16:100573. [PMID: 37363235 PMCID: PMC10288129 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One Health (OH) and Global Health (GH) are interconnected perspectives that may contribute to subsidizing GH policies. This scoping review aims to map the volume, nature, and characteristics of studies focused on the interface of OH and GH concepts. We used PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and The Virtual Health Library (BVS) as the literature data sources for the review. The search strategy used the descriptors "one health", "one health concept", "one medicine", "global health", "international health", and "planetary health" in title and abstracts. We included original research presented as articles in scientific journals, book chapters or conference papers written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, exploring the intersections between OH and GH concepts, not necessarily as their primary objectives, and published up to December 31, 2021. A total of 1.060 references were identified in the databases after removing duplicates, 139 publications selected for full-text evaluation and 45 publications were included for analysis. All included publications were published between 2011 and 2021, with the highest concentration in 2014 (22.2%). First authors were most frequently from the United States (35.6%), followed by the United Kingdom (15.6%). Overall, seven key themes were identified zoonosis, emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, policy, human resources, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The majority of the included publications employed OH concepts based on the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Veterinary Medical Association definitions. We observed a common understanding of OH as an area of knowledge involving multiple disciplines and professionals and recognizing that both humans' and animals' health and the environment are interdependent. Although most authors demonstrated that health issues transcend national boundaries, a formal definition for GH was frequently not clearly identified. OH and GH interfaces are essential for accomplishing the 2030 Agenda and its SDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Pungartnik
- Institute of Colletive Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariane Abreu
- Public Health School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Roberto Cavalcante
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Institute of Colletive Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology, Social Medicine Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fedai Kayin I, Çiftçi HD, Tan B, Akoglu MN. Pharmacist and child communication: A phenomenological multidisciplinary study from the perspectives of undergraduate students in pharmacy and child development. Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm 2023; 10:100272. [PMID: 37181501 PMCID: PMC10172831 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study is an interdisciplinary study about pharmacist-child communication exploring the perceptions and observations of students studying in two different but intersecting fields, which are pharmacy and child development. Objective The objective of the study is to illustrate the perceptions and observations of undergraduate pharmacy and child development students about pharmacist-child communication. Method The study is a phenomenological study and the phenomenon analyzed is "pharmacist-child communication". Research study group was selected via criterion sampling method. The sample group consisted of 40 undergraduate pharmacy and child development students. "Demographic Information Form" was used as the data collection tool and "Focus Group Interview Guide" was prepared for focus group interview meetings. Ten open-ended questions aligned with the research objective were asked to the students in the focus group interview. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method and the experiences of these two different groups of students were explored. Results At the end of the study, two main themes and five sub-themes were obtained. These themes and the sub-themes are as follows: adherence to drug therapy (Sub-themes: communication strategies relevant to the cognitive development at various ages of the child, rewarding children and reinforcement of good behavior, role of the parent in pharmacist-child communication) and physical characteristics of the pharmacy/pharmacist (Sub-themes: physical characteristics of the pharmacy, physical caharacteristics of the pharmacist). Conclusions Each theme was illustrated in the study with comments of the students. The results showed that the observation and perceptions of the students studying in two different fields agreed with each other and those of other researchers. It is proposed that projects and practices can be developed by these two different disciplines, pharmacy and child development are two intersecting fields. As they complement each other, they could strengthen the pharmacist-child communication and as a result support the child's adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inci Fedai Kayin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Istinye, Istanbul, Turkey
- Corresponding author at: Maltepe, Istinye University, Topkapı Campus, Teyyareci Sami St., Nr: 3, Floor: 11, Office: 1226, 34010, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hale Dere Çiftçi
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Tan
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Nur Akoglu
- Department of Child Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Istinye, Istanbul, Turkey
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López Cifuentes M, Penker M, Kaufmann L, Wittmann F, Fiala V, Gugerell C, Lauk C, Krausmann F, Eder M, Freyer B. Diverse types of knowledge on a plate: a multi-perspective and multi-method approach for the transformation of urban food systems towards sustainable diets. Sustain Sci 2023; 18:1-18. [PMID: 36789006 PMCID: PMC9911332 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization processes are accompanied by growing global challenges for food systems. Urban actors are increasingly striving to address these challenges through a focus on sustainable diets. However, transforming food systems towards more sustainable diets is challenging and it is unclear what the local scope of action might be. Co-production of knowledge between science and non-science is particularly useful for analysing context-specific solutions and promise to result in more robust socio-economic, political and technical solutions. Thus, this paper aims to integrate different types and sources of knowledge to understand urban food systems transformation towards a more sustainable diet in Vienna; and, second, to analyse and reflect on the difficulties and ways forward to integrate diverse actors' perspectives, multiple methods and epistemologies. We created different future scenarios that illustrate the synergies and trade-offs of various bundles of measures and the interactions among single dimensions of sustainable diets. These scenarios show that there is plenty of scope for local action, but co-ordination across diverse groups, interests, and types of knowledge is necessary to overcome lock-ins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López Cifuentes
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Arthur C Clarke Building, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Marianne Penker
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Kaufmann
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Wittmann
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Fiala
- Research Center for Sustainability, Freie Universität Berlin, Ihnestraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Gugerell
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, University of Surrey, Arthur C Clarke Building, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Christian Lauk
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fridolin Krausmann
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Eder
- Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Freyer
- Division of Organic Farming, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor-Mendelstraße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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Hoerger M. Priming the Palliative Psychology Pipeline: Development and Evaluation of an Undergraduate Clinical Research Training Program. J Cancer Educ 2022; 37:1942-1947. [PMID: 34268713 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychology adds value to palliative care research and practice, but palliative psychology training programs are underdeveloped, particularly prior to advanced graduate and post-doctoral training. The investigation aimed to examine the feasibility of developing an undergraduate clinical research training program focused on the application of palliative psychology to cancer care. Analyses described and examined predictors of trainee performance and post-graduate outcomes. Retrospective analyses of administrative data tracking trainee characteristics (degree programs and tracks, qualifications, and demographics), research trainee performance (satisfactory participation, training duration, scientific output, supervisor ratings, and overall performance), and post-graduate degree programs. The population included all undergraduate trainees in a cancer-focused palliative psychology research lab from inception in 2013 through 2020 at a US research-intensive university. Trainees (N = 25) typically majored in psychology (72.0%) or neuroscience (28.0%), often with second majors. The average participation in the lab was 3.4 semesters. Overall, 92.0% of trainees earned a conference abstract, 56.0% earned a publication, and 72.0% went on to a post-graduate degree program, most commonly psychology PhD, MD, or nursing programs. Trainees enrolling in psychology PhD programs were more likely than other trainees to have been on the pre-psychology PhD track (P < .001) and had higher overall research performance (P = .029), including higher supervisor ratings (P = .008) and higher scientific output (P = .019). This demonstration study provides evidence for the feasibility and beneficial impact of an undergraduate palliative psychology clinical research training program as an early component of cancer educational training. Findings support calls for the development and evaluation of novel palliative training programs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoerger
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, and Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 3070 Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
- Department of Palliative Medicine & Supportive Care, University Medical Center of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Preis H, Djurić PM, Ajirak M, Chen T, Mane V, Garry DJ, Heiselman C, Chappelle J, Lobel M. Applying machine learning methods to psychosocial screening data to improve identification of prenatal depression: Implications for clinical practice and research. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:965-973. [PMID: 35986793 PMCID: PMC9709634 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01259-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We utilized machine learning (ML) methods on data from the PROMOTE, a novel psychosocial screening tool, to quantify risk for prenatal depression for individual patients and identify contributing factors that impart greater risk for depression. Random forest algorithms were used to predict likelihood for being at high risk for prenatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; EPDS ≥ 13 and/or positive self-injury item) using data from 1715 patients who completed the PROMOTE. Performance matrices were calculated to assess the ability of the PROMOTE to accurately classify patients. Probability for depression was calculated for individual patients. Finally, recursive feature elimination was used to evaluate the importance of each PROMOTE item in the classification of depression risk. PROMOTE data were successfully used to predict depression with acceptable performance matrices (accuracy = 0.80; sensitivity = 0.75; specificity = 0.81; positive predictive value = 0.79; negative predictive value = 0.97). Perceived stress, emotional problems, family support, age, major life events, partner support, unplanned pregnancy, current employment, lifetime abuse, and financial state were the most important PROMOTE items in the classification of depression risk. Results affirm the value of the PROMOTE as a psychosocial screening tool for prenatal depression and the benefit of using it in conjunction with ML methods. Using such methods can help detect underreported outcomes and identify what in patients' lives makes them more vulnerable, thus paving the way for effective individually tailored precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Preis
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Petar M Djurić
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Marzieh Ajirak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Vibha Mane
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David J Garry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Cassandra Heiselman
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Joseph Chappelle
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Marci Lobel
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Ramos-Lara MDLP, Carreón-Vázquez G, Acatitla-Romero E, Mendoza-Rosas RM. Mapping Manuel Sandoval Vallarta (1899-1977) Scientific Contribution. Found Sci 2022:1-28. [PMID: 36187324 PMCID: PMC9516536 DOI: 10.1007/s10699-022-09872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper employs network theory, mining data and bibliometric analysis when mapping the scientific contribution of Nobel Prize candidate; Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, the first and most renowned Mexican physicist and important figure in Latin American science. Vallarta died in 1977, and the existing literature is about his life and contributions to science but not about how those are still valuable today. This paper is the first to highlight, with mapping tools, that his contributions are relevant to the international community of cosmic rays (as he was pioneer and leader), quantum mechanics and relativity. These tools delivered three findings: Identify how he built his own field of study, same as universal knowledge. Unveil that the backward and forward Vallarta citations follow a scale-free network distribution. Determine social factors that benefited or affected his scientific activities-such as World War II interrupting Vallarta's successful productivity at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Furthermore, this study confirmed the interdisciplinary nature of the mapping studies of the scientist's contributions using scientometric tools. As a result, several interesting questions arose throughout our research, some of which were answered from the history and philosophy of science. However, others need to be analyzed by experts in the fields of Vallarta. Mapping research sends an invitation to interdisciplinary dialogue/research between experts in different areas of study to better understand the process of knowledge production both, individual and collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Paz Ramos-Lara
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sciences and Humanities, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Carreón-Vázquez
- Institute of Economic Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Acatitla-Romero
- Faculty of Accounting and Administration, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Mendoza-Rosas
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Sciences and Humanities, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Ramakrishna S, Hu W, Jose R. Sustainability in Numbers by Data Analytics. Circ Econ Sustain 2022; 3:1-13. [PMID: 35966038 PMCID: PMC9362211 DOI: 10.1007/s43615-022-00201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
For a successful delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) and to track the progress of UNSDGs as well as identify the gaps and the areas requiring more attention, periodic analyses on the "research on sustainability" by various countries and their contribution to the topic are inevitable. This paper tracks the trends in sustainability research including the geographical distribution on sustainability research, their level of multi-disciplinarity and the cross-border collaboration, their distribution of funding with respect to the UNSDGs, and the lifecycle analyses. Cumulative publications and patents on sustainability could be fitted to an exponential function, thereby highlighting the importance of the research on sustainability in the recent past. Besides, this analytics quantifies cross-border collaborations and knowledge integration to solve critical issues as well as traditional and emerging sources to undertake sustainability research. As an important aspect of resource sustainability and circular economy, trends in publication and funding on lifecycle assessment have also been investigated. The analytics present here identify that major sustainability research volume is from the social sciences as well as business and economics sectors, whereas contributions from the engineering disciplines to develop technologies for sustainability practices are relatively lower. Similarly, funding distribution is also not evenly distributed under various SDGs; the larger share of funding has been on energy security and climate change research. Thus, this study identifies many gaps to be filled for the UNSDGs to be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rajan Jose
- Center for Advanced Intelligent Materials, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
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12
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Mjøsund HL, Uhrenfeldt L, Burton E, Moe CF. Promotion of physical activity in older adults: facilitators and barriers experienced by healthcare personnel in the context of reablement. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:956. [PMID: 35897061 PMCID: PMC9327260 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being physically active is important for maintaining function and independence in older age. However, there is insufficient knowledge about how to successfully promote physical activity (PA) among home-dwelling older adults with functional challenges in real-life healthcare settings. Reablement is an interdisciplinary, person-centered approach to restoring function and independence among older adults receiving home care services; it also may be an opportunity to promote PA. However, reablement occurs in many different contexts that influence how PA can be integrated within reablement. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers experienced by healthcare professionals (HCPs) that influence the promotion of PA within the context of reablement. METHODS This exploratory qualitative study is guided by a realist perspective and analyzed through inductive content analysis. Sixteen HCPs, including occupational therapists, physical therapists, registered nurses, and home care workers, participated in semi-structured interviews. The HCPs were recruited from four Norwegian municipalities with diverse sizes and different organizational models of reablement. RESULTS The HCPs experienced several facilitators and barriers at the participant, professional, organizational, and system levels that influenced how they promoted PA through reablement. Factors related to the individual person and their goals were considered key to how the HCPs promoted PA. However, there were substantial differences among reablement settings regarding the degree to which facilitators and barriers at other levels influenced how HCPs targeted individual factors. These facilitators and barriers influenced how the HCPs reached out to people who could benefit from being more physically active; targeted individual needs, desires and progression; and promoted continued PA habits after reablement. CONCLUSIONS These findings exemplify the complexity of facilitators and barriers that influence the promotion of PA within the reablement context. These factors are important to identify and consider to develop and organize healthcare services that facilitate older adults to be active. We recommend that future practice and research in reablement acknowledge the variations between settings and consider mechanisms on a participant and professional level and within an integrated care perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Leirbekk Mjøsund
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Universitetsallèen 11, 8026, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Lisbeth Uhrenfeldt
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Universitetsallèen 11, 8026, Bodø, Norway
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Cathrine Fredriksen Moe
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Universitetsallèen 11, 8026, Bodø, Norway
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13
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Khasawneh LQ, Al-Mahayri ZN, Ali BR. Mendelian randomization in pharmacogenomics: The unforeseen potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112952. [PMID: 35429744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is an epidemiological method that uses genetic variants to proxy an exposure predicting its causal association with an outcome. It occupies a valuable niche between observational studies and randomized trials. MR applications expanded lately, facilitated by the availability of big data, to include disease risk causation prediction, supporting evidence of prior observational data, identifying new drug targets, and drug repurposing. Concurrently, the last decade witnessed the growth of pharmacogenomics (PGx) research as a cornerstone in precision medicine. PGx research, conducted at discovery and implementation levels, resulted in validated PGx biomarkers and tests. Despite many clinically relevant PGx associations that could be translated into clinical applications, worldwide implementation is lagging far behind. The current review examines the intersection zones between MR and PGx research. MR can provide supporting evidence that allows generalizing PGx findings supporting its implementation. Interchangeability, PGx research can fuel MR studies with libraries of genetic variants of validated biological relevance. Furthermore, PGx and MR exhibit a synergistic relationship in drug discovery that can accelerate identifying new targets and repurposing old drugs. Interdisciplinary research applied by PGx researchers, epidemiologists with MR experience, and data scientists' collaborations can unlock unforeseen opportunities in accelerating precision medicine acquisition.
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14
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Haver M, Le Roux G, Friesen J, Loyau A, Vredenburg VT, Schmeller DS. The role of abiotic variables in an emerging global amphibian fungal disease in mountains. Sci Total Environ 2022; 815:152735. [PMID: 34974000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the chytridiomycete fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), causing the disease chytridiomycosis, has caused collapse of amphibian communities in numerous mountain systems. The health of amphibians and of mountain freshwater habitats they inhabit is also threatened by ongoing changes in environmental and anthropogenic factors such as climate, hydrology, and pollution. Climate change is causing more extreme climatic events, shifts in ice occurrence, and changes in the timing of snowmelt and pollutant deposition cycles. All of these factors impact both pathogen and host, and disease dynamics. Here we review abiotic variables, known to control Bd occurrence and chytridiomycosis severity, and discuss how climate change may modify them. We propose two main categories of abiotic variables that may alter Bd distribution, persistence, and physiology: 1) climate and hydrology (temperature, precipitation, hydrology, ultraviolet radiation (UVR); and, 2) water chemistry (pH, salinity, pollution). For both categories, we identify topics for further research. More studies on the relationship between global change, pollution and pathogens in complex landscapes, such as mountains, are needed to allow for accurate risk assessments for freshwater ecosystems and resulting impacts on wildlife and human health. Our review emphasizes the importance of using data of higher spatiotemporal resolution and uniform abiotic metrics in order to better compare study outcomes. Fine-scale temperature variability, especially of water temperature, variability of moisture conditions and water levels, snow, ice and runoff dynamics should be assessed as abiotic variables shaping the mountain habitat of pathogen and host. A better understanding of hydroclimate and water chemistry variables, as co-factors in disease, will increase our understanding of chytridiomycosis dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Haver
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
| | - Gaël Le Roux
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Friesen
- Environmental and Biotechnology Centre, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adeline Loyau
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France; Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin D-16775, Germany
| | - Vance T Vredenburg
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Dirk S Schmeller
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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15
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Brandenburg R, Smith J, Higgins A, Courvisanos J. The genesis, development and implementation of an interdisciplinary university Cross-School Research Group. Aust Educ Res 2022; 49:489-510. [PMID: 35370346 PMCID: PMC8962925 DOI: 10.1007/s13384-022-00513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the genesis, development and implementation of an interdisciplinary university cross-school research group (three individual schools) at Federation University in Australia. This CSRG is a consequence of both local and national calls for interdisciplinarity in university research and a direct response to the revised Strategic Goals and Policy document at Federation University. Using a conceptual framework based on a treatise by Jürgen Habermas (The theory of communicative action, Beacon Press, 1987) incorporating three socio-political levels (Lifeworld, Steering Media and Systems), we examined the ideals, processes and challenges in setting up an interdisciplinary research group within a traditional disciplinary-based university environment. Drawing on multiple data sets composed of member survey responses and interviews, email communication, online meetings, policy documents and co-leader feedback, we identified key resonant themes focussing on academic aspiration and motivation, the role of policy and practice, influence of grants and grant development across schools, mentoring and publishing. Using Habermas' conceptual framework and his overarching notion of Lifeworld with qualitative methods of data analysis, this article explores establishment of the CSRG, deeper academic aspirations and engagement for interdisciplinarity informing the group's formation and effectiveness of the processes used in this specific case. The impact on systems and policy is addressed together with the processes adopted to bring about interdisciplinary university collaboration. Evaluating the formation of the CSRG, the authors found that researchers placed a high value on opportunities to creatively collaborate in a cross-school and interdisciplinary environment, whereas obtaining grants and publishing research were seen by staff as indirect and less immediate benefits of collaboration. This article contributes to the growing body of research on interdisciplinary collaboration by applying a distinct theoretical and analytical framework to emphasise the potential of grassroots collaboration and the role of power and influence on research within universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Brandenburg
- School of Education, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Jeremy Smith
- School of Arts, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Angela Higgins
- Federation Business School, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Jerry Courvisanos
- Federation Business School, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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16
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Novaglio C, Bax N, Boschetti F, Emad GR, Frusher S, Fullbrook L, Hemer M, Jennings S, van Putten I, Robinson LM, Spain E, Vince J, Voyer M, Wood G, Fulton EA. Deep aspirations: towards a sustainable offshore Blue Economy. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2022; 32:209-230. [PMID: 33500602 PMCID: PMC7819630 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-020-09628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Narissa Bax
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Gholam Reza Emad
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark Hemer
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ingrid van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Lucy M. Robinson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Perth, WA Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Michelle Voyer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Graham Wood
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
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17
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Novaglio C, Bax N, Boschetti F, Emad GR, Frusher S, Fullbrook L, Hemer M, Jennings S, van Putten I, Robinson LM, Spain E, Vince J, Voyer M, Wood G, Fulton EA. Deep aspirations: towards a sustainable offshore Blue Economy. Rev Fish Biol Fish 2022; 32:209-230. [PMID: 33500602 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-020-09628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Novaglio
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Narissa Bax
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Gholam Reza Emad
- Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Stewart Frusher
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Liam Fullbrook
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark Hemer
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | - Ingrid van Putten
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Perth, WA Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Erica Spain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Michelle Voyer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia
| | - Graham Wood
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Hobart, TAS Australia
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18
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Hein T, Hauer C, Schmid M, Stöglehner G, Stumpp C, Ertl T, Graf W, Habersack H, Haidvogl G, Hood-Novotny R, Laaha G, Langergraber G, Muhar S, Schmid E, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Schmutz S, Schulz K, Weigelhofer G, Winiwarter V, Baldan D, Canet-Marti A, Eder M, Flödl P, Kearney K, Ondiek R, Pucher B, Pucher M, Simperler L, Tschikof M, Wang C. The coupled socio-ecohydrological evolution of river systems: Towards an integrative perspective of river systems in the 21st century. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149619. [PMID: 34438150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
River systems have undergone a massive transformation since the Anthropocene. The natural properties of river systems have been drastically altered and reshaped, limiting the use of management frameworks, their scientific knowledge base and their ability to provide adequate solutions for current problems and those of the future, such as climate change, biodiversity crisis and increased demands for water resources. To address these challenges, a socioecologically driven research agenda for river systems that complements current approaches is needed and proposed. The implementation of the concepts of social metabolism and the colonisation of natural systems into existing concepts can provide a new basis to analyse the coevolutionary coupling of social systems with ecological and hydrological (i.e., 'socio-ecohydrological') systems within rivers. To operationalize this research agenda, we highlight four initial core topics defined as research clusters (RCs) to address specific system properties in an integrative manner. The colonisation of natural systems by social systems is seen as a significant driver of the transformation processes in river systems. These transformation processes are influenced by connectivity (RC 1), which primarily addresses biophysical aspects and governance (RC 2), which focuses on the changes in social systems. The metabolism (RC 3) and vulnerability (RC 4) of the social and natural systems are significant aspects of the coupling of social systems and ecohydrological systems with investments, energy, resources, services and associated risks and impacts. This socio-ecohydrological research agenda complements other recent approaches, such as 'socio-ecological', 'socio-hydrological' or 'socio-geomorphological' systems, by focusing on the coupling of social systems with natural systems in rivers and thus, by viewing the socioeconomic features of river systems as being just as important as their natural characteristics. The proposed research agenda builds on interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity and requires the implementation of such programmes into the education of a new generation of river system scientists, managers and engineers who are aware of the transformation processes and the coupling between systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hein
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Christoph Hauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Stöglehner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Spatial Planning, Environmental Planning and Land Rearrangement, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ertl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Habersack
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gertrud Haidvogl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood-Novotny
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Statistics, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Langergraber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Muhar
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Schulz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Verena Winiwarter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Baldan
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Alba Canet-Marti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Eder
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Flödl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kearney
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Risper Ondiek
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Lena Simperler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Tschikof
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Cong Wang
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Cheuk Tweety N, Johansen S, Morassaei S, Erler D, Gunn C, D'Alimonte L, McLaney E, Di Prospero L. Translating interprofessional collaboration competencies to an international research team. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2021; 52:S51-S56. [PMID: 34645577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While there has been strong emphasis on enhancing interprofessional education and interprofessional care in the published literature, there is relatively little literature focused on advancing interprofessional research. In extrapolating from the current frameworks of interprofessional collaboration (IPC), it becomes clear that the core competencies of IPC are transferable to research teams. The aim of this paper is to present our experience of an international research team framed within core competencies for IPC. METHODS A simplified narrative inquiry approach was used to share the experience of an international research team framed within six core competencies of IPC. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By way of our international research collaboration, we demonstrate the translation of key core competencies for IPC. We share key learnings and mitigation strategies for the successful outcomes of the research team. CONCLUSION To embark on a successful international research collaboration requires integrating IPC core competencies across the entire research continuum. In addition to the core competencies of collaboration, enablers to success also include digital collaborative forums, existing professional relationships and research projects that offer global meaning and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Cheuk Tweety
- Practice-based Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Safora Johansen
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Health Faculty, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Cancer Treatment Department, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Morassaei
- Practice-based Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Darby Erler
- Practice-based Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine Gunn
- School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Laura D'Alimonte
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Windsor Regional Cancer Centre, Windsor, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McLaney
- Practice-based Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Centre for Interprofessional Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lisa Di Prospero
- Practice-based Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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20
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Pitts MH, Smith NJ, Bates JA, Stevenson R, Fohner AM, Moser HM, Pahl B, Chen AMH. Development and perceptions of an academic success tool for pharmacy students. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:3131-3136. [PMID: 34483081 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Some students may face challenges with graduate-level reading and writing, particularly in certain active learning pedagogies, such as team-based learning or peer instruction, which require extensive pre-reading. The objective of this study is to determine the perceived utility of an academic literacy (reading/writing) test for first professional year student pharmacists (P1s). METHODS In a collaboration between pharmacy and linguistics faculty, an academic literacy assessment tool was developed using fall P1 course materials. After pilot testing and adjustments, the revised test was administered to all P1 students by trained facilitators, then scored. Students needing literacy support were identified, met with individually to debrief on the assessment, and offered a year-long, one-on-one tutoring program. P1 faculty participated in an end-of-semester focus group session to determine whether the assessment correctly identified students who benefited from literacy support, and to decide on the impact of subsequent support. Thematic analysis was performed on the data. RESULTS A total of 13 students were identified as at-risk through the assessment. Since tutoring was optional, eight students met at least once, and two students met weekly during the ensuing semester. Faculty from the end-of-semester focus group 1) stated that the assessment accurately pre-identified students who struggled with literacy components of P1 coursework, and 2) expressed a wish for earlier identification of students with required instead of optional tutoring. CONCLUSIONS Faculty perceived that the tool accurately identified students, but the timing and the volunteer nature of the follow-up tutoring limited the success of the assessment effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merideth Hoagland Pitts
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Nathanael J Smith
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Bates
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Rachel Stevenson
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Amy M Fohner
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Haylee M Moser
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Brenda Pahl
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
| | - Aleda M H Chen
- Pharmacy Practice, Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
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21
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Kelly C, Kasperavicius D, Duncan D, Etherington C, Giangregorio L, Presseau J, Sibley KM, Straus S. 'Doing' or 'using' intersectionality? Opportunities and challenges in incorporating intersectionality into knowledge translation theory and practice. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:187. [PMID: 34419053 PMCID: PMC8379861 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intersectionality is a widely adopted theoretical orientation in the field of women and gender studies. Intersectionality comes from the work of black feminist scholars and activists. Intersectionality argues identities such as gender, race, sexuality, and other markers of difference intersect and reflect large social structures of oppression and privilege, such as sexism, racism, and heteronormativity. The reach of intersectionality now extends to the fields of public health and knowledge translation. Knowledge translation (KT) is a field of study and practice that aims to synthesize and evaluate research into an evidence base and move that evidence into health care practice. There have been increasing calls to bring gender and other social issues into the field of KT. Yet, as scholars outline, there are few guidelines for incorporating the principles of intersectionality into empirical research. An interdisciplinary, team-based, national health research project in Canada aimed to bring an intersectional lens to the field of knowledge translation. This paper reports on key moments and resulting tensions we experienced through the project, which reflect debates in intersectionality: discomfort with social justice, disciplinary divides, and tokenism. We consider how our project advances intersectionality practice and suggests recommendations for using intersectionality in health research contexts. We argue that while we encountered many challenges, our process and the resulting co-created tools can serve as a valuable starting point and example of how intersectionality can transform fields and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kelly
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room S108-E - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada.
| | | | - Diane Duncan
- Accelerating Change Transformation Team (ACTT), Alberta Medical Association, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cole Etherington
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justin Presseau
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kathryn M Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Room S108-E - 750 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W3, Canada.,George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sharon Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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22
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Eisenhauer E, Williams KC, Margeson K, Paczuski S, Hano MC, Mulvaney K. Advancing Translational Research in Environmental Science: The Role and Impact of Social Sciences. Environ Sci Policy 2021; 120:165-172. [PMID: 36960164 PMCID: PMC10031653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing recognition of the complexity of environmental problems and the need to understand social processes and human values is leading environmental management agencies in many nations, including the USA, to integrate more research from the social sciences through the inclusion of social scientists on interdisciplinary teams. For this study we conducted focus groups at three research laboratories within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development to better understand how inclusion of social sciences influenced the research process and outcomes, and the barriers to and facilitators of integration. The focus groups identified effects on the research process including improved problem framing, the introduction of new methodologies, and greater stakeholder and public inclusion, while research outcomes included the inclusion or refinement of social and environmental perspectives and systems thinking, increased translatability of research, and new partnerships. Barriers identified included lack of familiarity with social sciences which affected perceptions of social sciences and organizational capacity to absorb and apply social science expertise. Facilitators included receptivity of team members, intentional communication strategies, and project structures and organizational commitment that support interdisciplinary work. Finding a key barrier to be lack of clarity about the different roles social sciences play in translational research, we present a conceptual model defining the roles and contributions of social scientists that clarifies the distinction between "integration" of social sciences in research and "application" of skills and knowledge from the social sciences which play distinct but equally important roles in translational research approaches and solutions-driven research. These insights on the ways social sciences contribute to translational research efforts advance integration of social and natural sciences in environmental science research, particularly in applied contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Eisenhauer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20460, United States
| | - Kathleen C. Williams
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Keahna Margeson
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Sebastian Paczuski
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804, United States
| | - Mary Clare Hano
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 United States
| | - Kate Mulvaney
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Drive, Narragansett, RI, 02882, United States
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23
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Wei J, Zhao K, Zhang L, Yang R, Wang M. Exploring development and evolutionary trends in carbon offset research: a bibliometric perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:18850-18869. [PMID: 33586111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a bibliometric measure to visualize and analyze the research status and development trend of carbon offset based on 1,581 articles over the period 1900-2019. The main findings include (1) carbon offset research turned into a rapid growth after 2009; (2) environmental studies, environmental science, economics, and energy fuels are the top four research domains in publication; (3) Energy Policy, Ecological Economics and Science are the top three journals in terms of citation impact; (4) climate change, impact, emission, CO2 emission, and policy are shown to be the most frequently used keywords; (5) the top 10 cited articles cover the following five essential aspects: individual carbon offset behavior; forest and land carbon offset; transportation carbon offset; international trade carbon offset; and eco-system service-related carbon offset; (6) eight research hotspots were identified including forest carbon sequestration program, understanding carbon and uncertainty market, policy design, biomass development, Chinese province, increasing adoption, and ecosystem service commodification. These findings suggest that the carbon offset research has been evolved from the theoretical exploration at the early stage to a more diversified conversion of research outputs at the practical level in recent years. Interdisciplinary research towards individual and organizational carbon offset behaviors in a broader context of socio-economic development and cooperation among various agents is the emphasis and direction for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Linling Zhang
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ranran Yang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Muxi Wang
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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24
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Xia D, Li Q, Zhang S, Dong M. Editorial: Material Surfaces and Interfaces at the Nanoscale: From Theory to Application. Front Chem 2021; 9:656661. [PMID: 33777906 PMCID: PMC7994527 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.656661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Tabo LY, Greenberg D, Haviv YS, Riesenberg K, Nesher L. The impact of gender on early scientific publication and long-term career advancement in Israeli medical school graduates. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:163. [PMID: 33731108 PMCID: PMC7967994 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many medical schools and residency programs incorporate research projects into their curriculum, however most remain unpublished. Little is known on the long-term effect of early-career publication, especially in female graduates. METHODS We collected data on physicians 15-20 years after graduation (representing a mid-career point), and analysed data on early publication, publication volume and impact according to graduates' gender and professional characteristics. Physicians were divided into those who never published, early-publishers (EP) who published within 2 years of graduation and late-publishers (LP). We analysed and compared the demographics, publication volume, publication quality as well as current mid-career position. RESULTS Of 532 physicians, 185 were EP (34.8%), 220 were LP (41.3%), 127 (23.9%) never published, 491 (92.2%) became specialists and 122 (22.3%) achieved managerial position. Of the 405 who published, the average number of publications was 20.3 ± 33.0, and median (IQR) 9(19). H-index was significantly higher in EP, males, surgical specialists, and those holding a managerial position. Male gender was associated with higher publication rate (OR = 1.742; 95% CI 1.193-2.544; P = 0.004). Using quantile regression, female gender was negatively associated with the number of publications in Q50-Q95. Surgical specialty and managerial position were positively associated with publications in Q25 to Q75 and early publication in Q25 and Q75. CONCLUSIONS We found a strong association between EP and the number, impact, and quality of publications throughout their academic career. This study illuminates the need for further investigations into the causes of gender discrepancies. We should invest in support programs encouraging early high quality research projects for young physicians and female graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Y Tabo
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Yosef S Haviv
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Klaris Riesenberg
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, 1 Rager Street, 84101, Beer-Sheba, Israel
| | - Lior Nesher
- Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
- Infectious Disease Institute, Soroka Medical Center, 1 Rager Street, 84101, Beer-Sheba, Israel.
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26
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Watfern C, Doran B, Dadich A, Triandafilidis Z, Habak S, Boydell KM. The HIVE: a co-created art installation about health. Public Health 2021; 193:26-28. [PMID: 33713983 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We consider how artists explore complex health issues in a large-scale, collaborative art installation. STUDY DESIGN This article describes - The HIVE - an arts-based knowledge translation (ABKT) initiative through which artists collaborated with researchers, service providers, health consumers, and carers affiliated with a major translational health research centre in Australia. METHODS We present a case study that draws on artist statements and visual documentation to evoke the different facets of the initiative. RESULTS The eight projects encompassed by The HIVE were diverse. Artistic media included textiles, sculpture, poetry and photography. Health issues ranged from palliative care to child healthcare. CONCLUSIONS The HIVE was not simply an installation but a nucleus that fostered collaboration through the design and development of creative artworks. In emphasising empathy and non-verbal communication, The HIVE at once translated and expanded health(care) research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Watfern
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - B Doran
- Faculty of Transdisciplinary Innovation University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; National Institute of Dramatic Arts, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - A Dadich
- School of Business Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Z Triandafilidis
- Everymind, Hunter New England Local Health District, P.O. Box 833, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - S Habak
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - K M Boydell
- Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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27
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Rho Y, Cho DY, Son Y, Lee YJ, Kim JW, Lee HJ, You SC, Park RW, Lee JY. COVID-19 International Collaborative Research by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Using Its Nationwide Real-world Data: Database, Outcomes, and Implications. J Prev Med Public Health 2021; 54:8-16. [PMID: 33618494 PMCID: PMC7939755 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to introduce the inception and operation of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project, the world’s first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) open data project for research, along with its dataset and research method, and to discuss relevant considerations for collaborative research using nationwide real-world data (RWD). COVID-19 has spread across the world since early 2020, becoming a serious global health threat to life, safety, and social and economic activities. However, insufficient RWD from patients was available to help clinicians efficiently diagnose and treat patients with COVID-19, or to provide necessary information to the government for policy-making. Countries that saw a rapid surge of infections had to focus on leveraging medical professionals to treat patients, and the circumstances made it even more difficult to promptly use COVID-19 RWD. Against this backdrop, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) of Korea decided to open its COVID-19 RWD collected through Korea’s universal health insurance program, under the title of the COVID-19 International Collaborative Research Project. The dataset, consisting of 476 508 claim statements from 234 427 patients (7590 confirmed cases) and 18 691 318 claim statements of the same patients for the previous 3 years, was established and hosted on HIRA’s in-house server. Researchers who applied to participate in the project uploaded analysis code on the platform prepared by HIRA, and HIRA conducted the analysis and provided outcome values. As of November 2020, analyses have been completed for 129 research projects, which have been published or are in the process of being published in prestigious journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeunsook Rho
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Do Yeon Cho
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yejin Son
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seng Chan You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- HIRA Research Institute, Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Wonju, Korea.,Public Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Deparment of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Felappi JF, Sommer JH, Falkenberg T, Terlau W, Kötter T. Green infrastructure through the lens of "One Health": A systematic review and integrative framework uncovering synergies and trade-offs between mental health and wildlife support in cities. Sci Total Environ 2020; 748:141589. [PMID: 33113695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure improves environmental health in cities, benefits human health, and provides habitat for wildlife. Increasing urbanization has demanded the expansion of urban areas and transformation of existing cities. The adoption of compact design in urban planning is a recommended strategy to minimize environmental impacts; however, it may undermine green infrastructure networks within cities as it sets a battleground for urban space. Under this scenario, multifunctionality of green spaces is highly desirable but reconciling human needs and biodiversity conservation in a limited space is still a challenge. Through a systematic review, we first compiled urban green space's characteristics that affect mental health and urban wildlife support, and then identified potential synergies and trade-offs between these dimensions. A framework based on the One Health approach is proposed, synthesizing the interlinkages between green space quality, mental health, and wildlife support; providing a new holistic perspective on the topic. Looking at the human-wildlife-environment relationships simultaneously may contribute to practical guidance on more effective green space design and management that benefit all dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Henning Sommer
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Timo Falkenberg
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Genscherallee 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany; GeoHealth Centre, Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wiltrud Terlau
- International Centre for Sustainable Development, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Grantham-Allee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany.
| | - Theo Kötter
- Urban Planning and Land Management Group, Institute of Geodesy and Geo-information, University of Bonn, Nussallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Lloyd K, Papoutsopoulou S, Smith E, Stegmaier P, Bergey F, Morris L, Kittner M, England H, Spiller D, White MHR, Duckworth CA, Campbell BJ, Poroikov V, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Kel A, Muller W, Pritchard DM, Probert C, Burkitt MD. Using systems medicine to identify a therapeutic agent with potential for repurposing in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044040. [PMID: 32958515 PMCID: PMC7710021 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. Aberrant NF-κB signalling is strongly associated with these conditions, and several established drugs influence the NF-κB signalling network to exert their effect. This study aimed to identify drugs that alter NF-κB signalling and could be repositioned for use in IBD. The SysmedIBD Consortium established a novel drug-repurposing pipeline based on a combination of in silico drug discovery and biological assays targeted at demonstrating an impact on NF-κB signalling, and a murine model of IBD. The drug discovery algorithm identified several drugs already established in IBD, including corticosteroids. The highest-ranked drug was the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin, which has previously been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in aseptic conditions. The effects of clarithromycin effects were validated in several experiments: it influenced NF-κB-mediated transcription in murine peritoneal macrophages and intestinal enteroids; it suppressed NF-κB protein shuttling in murine reporter enteroids; it suppressed NF-κB (p65) DNA binding in the small intestine of mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide; and it reduced the severity of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. Clarithromycin also suppressed NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation in human intestinal enteroids. These findings demonstrate that in silico drug repositioning algorithms can viably be allied to laboratory validation assays in the context of IBD, and that further clinical assessment of clarithromycin in the management of IBD is required.This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lloyd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Emily Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hazel England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Dave Spiller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mike H R White
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Carrie A Duckworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Barry J Campbell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | | | | | | | - Werner Muller
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - D Mark Pritchard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Chris Probert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael D Burkitt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Contina A, Yanco SW, Pierce AK, DePrenger-Levin M, Wunder MB, Neophytou AM, Lostroh CP, Telford RJ, Benito BM, Chipperfield J, O'Hara RB, Carlson CJ. Comment on "A global-scale ecological niche model to predict SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection rate", author Coro. Ecol Modell 2020; 436:109288. [PMID: 32982015 PMCID: PMC7505574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this letter we present comments on the article “A global-scale ecological niche model to predict SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus” by Coro published in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Contina
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Science Building 2074, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Scott W Yanco
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Science Building 2074, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Allison K Pierce
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Science Building 2074, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Michelle DePrenger-Levin
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Science Building 2074, Denver, CO 80217, USA
- Denver Botanic Gardens, Research and Conservation, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Michael B Wunder
- University of Colorado Denver, Department of Integrative Biology, Science Building 2074, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Andreas M Neophytou
- Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - C Phoebe Lostroh
- Colorado College Department of Molecular Biology, 14 E Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Richard J Telford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Blas M Benito
- Department of Ecology & Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joseph Chipperfield
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert B O'Hara
- Dept of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Colin J Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, 6 Georgetown University, DC 20007, USA
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Fazio SA, Doroy AL, Anderson NR, Adams JY, Young HM. Standardisation, multi-measure, data quality and trending: A qualitative study on multidisciplinary perspectives to improve intensive care early mobility monitoring. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2020; 63:102949. [PMID: 33199104 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore multi-clinician perspectives on intensive care early mobility, monitoring and to assess the perceived value of technology-generated mobility metrics to provide user feedback to inform research, practice improvement, and technology development. METHODS We performed a qualitative descriptive study. Three focus groups were conducted with critical care clinicians, including nurses (n = 10), physical therapists (n = 8) and physicians (n = 8) at an academic medical centre that implemented an intensive care early mobility programme in 2012. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to code transcripts and identify overarching themes. FINDINGS Along with reaffirming the value of performing early mobility interventions, four themes for improving mobility monitoring emerged, including the need for: 1) standardised indicators for documenting mobility; 2) inclusion of both quantitative and qualitative metrics to measure mobility 3) a balance between quantity and quality of data; and 4) trending mobility metrics over time. CONCLUSION Intensive care mobility monitoring should be standardised and data generated should be high quality, capable of supporting trend analysis, and meaningful. By improving measurement and monitoring of mobility, future researchers can examine the arc of activity that patients in the intensive care unit undergo and develop models to understand factors that influence successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina A Fazio
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA; Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA; Medical ICU, UC Davis Medical Center, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Amy L Doroy
- Medical ICU, UC Davis Medical Center, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
| | - Nicholas R Anderson
- Division of Health Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Jason Y Adams
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA; Medical ICU, UC Davis Medical Center, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
| | - Heather M Young
- Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA
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Choo E, Mathis S, Harrod T, Hartmann KE, Freund KM, Krousel-Wood M, Curry TE, Guise JM. Contributors to Independent Research Funding Success from the Perspective of K12 BIRCWH Program Directors. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:596-603. [PMID: 33129440 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Faculty training awards are an important means of advancing early career faculty in research. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women's Health (BIRCWH) is a long-running K12 career development program and has been integral in promoting the research success of faculty nationally. We surveyed BIRCWH program directors to understand factors likely to influence long-term research careers and funding success. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed an online survey containing open-ended questions about individual and programmatic attributes and activities that promote success in achieving independent research funding. Domains of interest included: 1) strategies for funding success; 2) traits for predicting success; 3) groups considered vulnerable to attrition; and 4) existing resources and means of support. RESULTS Fifteen institutions (75%) were included in the final analysis. Passion for research, persistence, resilience, and strong mentorship relationships were identified by all directors as factors important to scholar success. Responses also revealed an important pattern: program directors attributed attrition either to individual or organizational characteristics. This distinction has meaningful consequences for framing efforts to diminish attrition. Faculty who were clinicians, women, parents and underrepresented minorities were identified as vulnerable to attrition from the research careers. Common perceived challenges in these groups included isolation/feeling alienated, juggling numerous priorities, inadequate research time, lack of role models, and work-life balance issues. CONCLUSION K12 BIRCWH directors identified persistence and resilience and developing community, networks, and other support opportunities as elements of scholar success. Programs and mentors can help early career faculty by teaching skills and providing tools they can use to maximize the value of these opportunities and expand their mentees' research relationships. Our study also highlights the importance of social factors, particularly isolation, on clinicians, women, and minoritized scholars on career success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choo
- Department of Emergency Medicine OHSU, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - Shammarie Mathis
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Tabria Harrod
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Katherine E Hartmann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Karen M Freund
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie Krousel-Wood
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Jeanne-Marie Guise
- Department of Emergency Medicine OHSU, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Portland, OR
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Pelton M, Medina D, Sood N, Bogale K, Buzzelli L, Blaker J, Nye D, Nguyen PDH, Giglio M, Smiley C, Michalak N, Legro NR, Connolly M, Dishong RA, Nunez J, Du P, Exten C. Efficacy of a student-led community contact tracing program partnered with an academic medical center during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 56:26-33.e1. [PMID: 33775279 PMCID: PMC7579098 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Contact tracing has proven successful at controlling coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) globally, and the Center for Health Security has recommended that the United States add 100,000 contact tracers to the current workforce. Methods To address gaps in local contact tracing, health professional students partnered with their academic institution to conduct contact tracing for all COVID-19 cases diagnosed onsite, which included identifying and reaching their contacts, educating participants, and providing social resources to support effective quarantine and isolation. Results From March 24 to May 28, 536 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases were contacted and reported an average of 2.6 contacts. Contacts were informed of their exposure, asked to quarantine, and monitored for the onset of symptoms. Callers reached 94% of cases and 84% of contacts. Seventy-four percent of cases reported at least one contact. Household members had higher rates of reporting symptoms (odds ratio, 1.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.28). The average test turnaround time decreased from 21.8 days for the first patients of this program to 2.3 days on the eleventh week. Conclusions This provides evidence for the untapped potential of community contact tracing to respond to regional needs, confront barriers to effective quarantine, and mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Pelton
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Blaker
- Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Derek Nye
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johnathan Nunez
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Ping Du
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Cara Exten
- Penn State College of Nursing, State College, PA
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Abstract
Research collaboration among interdisciplinary teams has become a common trend in recent days. However, there is a lack of evidence in literature regarding which disciplines play dominant roles in interdisciplinary research settings. It is also unclear whether the dominant role of disciplines vary between STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) and non-STEM focused research. This study considers metadata of the research projects funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery Grant Project scheme. Applying network analytics, this study investigates the contribution of individual disciplines in the successfully funded projects. It is noted that the disciplines Engineering, Biological Sciences and Technology appear as the principal disciplines in interdisciplinary research having a STEM focus. By contrast, non-STEM interdisciplinary research is led by three disciplines—Studies in Human Societies, Language, Communication and Culture, and History and Archaeology. For projects entailing interdisciplinarity between STEM and non-STEM disciplines, the STEM discipline of Medical and Health Sciences and the non-STEM disciplines of Psychology and Cognitive Science and Studies in Human Societies appear as the leading contributors. Overall, the network-based visualisation reveals that research interdisciplinarity is implemented in a heterogeneous way across STEM and non-STEM disciplines, and there are gaps in inter-disciplinary collaborations among some disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahadat Uddin
- School of Project Management, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Level 2, 21 Ross Street, Forest Lodge, NSW 2037 Australia
| | - Tasadduq Imam
- School of Business and Law, CQUniversity (Melbourne Campus), L4, 120 Spencer Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Mohammad Mozumdar
- Electrical Engineering, California State University, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., ECS-521, MS-8306, Long Beach, CA 90840-8306 USA
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Henry SG, White AEC, Magnan EM, Hood-Medland EA, Gosdin M, Kravitz RL, Torres PJ, Gerwing J. Making the most of video recorded clinical encounters: Optimizing impact and productivity through interdisciplinary teamwork. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:2178-2184. [PMID: 32576422 PMCID: PMC7508819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Patient-clinician interactions are central to technical and interpersonal processes of medical care. Video recordings of these interactions provide a rich source of data and a stable record that allows for repeated viewing and analysis. Collecting video recordings requires navigating ethical and feasibility constraints; further, realizing the potential of video requires specialized research skills. Interdisciplinary collaborations involving practitioners, medical educators, and social scientists are needed to provide the clinical perspectives, methodological expertise, and capacity needed to make collecting video worthwhile. Such collaboration ensures that research questions will be based on scholarship from the social sciences, resonate with practice, and produce results that fit educational needs. However, the literature lacks suggested practices for building and sustaining interdisciplinary research collaborations involving video data. In this paper, we provide concrete advice based on our experience collecting and analyzing a single set of video-recorded clinical encounters and non-video data, which have so far yielded nine distinct studies. We present the research process, timeline, and advice based on our experience with interdisciplinary collaboration. We found that integrating disciplines and traditions required patience, compromise, and mutual respect; learning from each other enhanced our enjoyment of the process, our productivity, and the clinical relevance of our research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Henry
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA; University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA.
| | - Anne Elizabeth Clark White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA; University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Magnan
- University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Eve Angeline Hood-Medland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA; University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA
| | - Melissa Gosdin
- University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA
| | - Richard L Kravitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, USA; University of California Davis Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, Sacramento, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Gerwing
- Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Schliemann D, Su TT, Paramasivam D, Somasundaram S, Ibrahim Tamin NSB, Dahlui M, Loh SY, Donnelly M. The systematic cultural adaptation of a UK public health cancer awareness raising programme for Malaysia: the Be Cancer Alert Campaign. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:1087-1099. [PMID: 31583402 PMCID: PMC6875648 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, policy and research attention is being directed toward improving global health in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated the cultural adaptation of a UK-designed and developed evidence-based mass media campaign with the aim of improving colorectal cancer and breast cancer awareness in Malaysia. Guided by the heuristic framework of cultural adaptation, a multidisciplinary team adapted the UK Be Cancer Aware programme for implementation in the Malaysian context. The approach included five steps: (a) information gathering and needs assessment; (b) preliminary design; (c) preliminary testing; (d) refinement; and (e) final trial. Key findings from the information gathering stage related to the need to take into account differences in ethnicity, religion, and beliefs about cancer. Discussions with experts indicated that particular words were not acceptable in Malay culture and that specific aspects were “taboo” (e.g., showing pictures of breasts in relation to breast cancer on TV). Stage 3 of the analysis revealed that the presentation of cancer survivors rather than health professionals on programme materials was preferred by Malaysians and that there was a poor level of awareness about colorectal cancer. The results were used systematically to adapt two culturally suitable cancer awareness mass media campaigns for implementation in Malaysia. The developed materials were in line with government priorities and took into account the local health care system structure. The establishment of a partnership with key stakeholders (e.g., the Ministry of Health and the lead patient advocacy organization) and the application of a systematic approach to address cultural factors and resource constraints contribute to the successful implementation of public health programmes in global health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Schliemann
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Darishiani Paramasivam
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Maznah Dahlui
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Facultas Public Health, University Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Siew Yim Loh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael Donnelly
- Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Dugle G, Wulifan JK, Tanyeh JP, Quentin W. A critical realist synthesis of cross-disciplinary health policy and systems research: defining characteristic features, developing an evaluation framework and identifying challenges. Health Res Policy Syst 2020; 18:79. [PMID: 32664988 PMCID: PMC7359589 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-020-00556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is an inherently cross-disciplinary field of investigation. However, conflicting conceptualisations about inter-, multi- and transdisciplinary research have contributed to confusion about the characteristics of cross-disciplinary approaches in HPSR. This review was conducted to (1) define the characteristic features of context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations in cross-disciplinary HPSR, (2) develop criteria for evaluating cross-disciplinarity and (3) synthesise emerging challenges of the approach. METHOD The paper is a critical realist synthesis conducted in three phases, as follows: (1) scoping the literature, (2) searching for and screening the evidence, and (3) extracting and synthesising the evidence. Five databases, namely the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences and Web of Science, PubMed central, Embase and CINHAL, and reference lists of studies that qualified for inclusion in the review were searched. The search covered peer-reviewed original research, reviews, commentary papers, and institutional or government reports published in English between January 1998 and January 2020. RESULTS A total of 7792 titles were identified in the online search and 137 publications, comprising pilot studies as well as anecdotal and empirical literature were selected for the final review. The review draws attention to the fact that cross-disciplinary HPSR is not defined by individual characteristics but by the combination of a particular type of research question and setting (context), a specific way of researchers working together (mechanism), and research output (outcome) that is superior to what could be achieved under a monodisciplinary approach. This CMO framework also informs the criteria for assessing whether a given HPSR is truly cross-disciplinary. The challenges of cross-disciplinary HPSR and their accompanying coping mechanisms were also found to be context driven, originating mainly from conceptual disagreements, institutional restrictions, communication and information management challenges, coordination problems, and resource limitations. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications. First, the CMO framework of cross-disciplinary HPSR can provide guidance for researchers engaging in new projects and for policy-makers using their findings. Second, the proposed criteria for evaluating theory and practice of cross-disciplinary HPSR may inform the systematic development of new research projects and the structured assessment of existing ones. Third, a better understanding of the challenges of cross-disciplinary HPSR and potential response mechanisms may help researchers to avoid these problems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Dugle
- Department of Management Studies, School of Business and Law, University for Development Studies, Box UPW 36, Wa Campus, Wa, Ghana
- Nottingham University Business School, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG8 1BB UK
| | - Joseph Kwame Wulifan
- Department of Management Studies, School of Business and Law, University for Development Studies, Box UPW 36, Wa Campus, Wa, Ghana
| | - John Paul Tanyeh
- Department of Management Studies, School of Business and Law, University for Development Studies, Box UPW 36, Wa Campus, Wa, Ghana
| | - Wilm Quentin
- Department of Healthcare Management, TU, Berlin, Germany
- European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Multidisciplinary collaboration (MDC) has been widely adopted in healthcare to optimize patient care. MDC brings several specialized healthcare providers to the table using several methods, including multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs), multidisciplinary clinics, teleconferences, and online multidisciplinary expert panels, to reach the goal of achieving the best diagnosis and treatment plan for complex diseases. Diagnosis and management of acute/chronic pancreatitis is complex which necessitates the development and utilization of MDC. The key members of pancreatitis MDM include gastroenterologists, radiologists, pathologists, hepatobiliary surgeons, chairperson, and a coordinator. After selection of admitted or referred patients, the availability of required information is reviewed, and then each case is discussed. The final diagnosis and treatment plan is confirmed by consensus, especially for complex cases that require endoscopic intervention or pancreatectomy and patients with the possibility of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. It has been shown that MDMs have improved the clinical outcome of patients with acute/chronic pancreatitis. In addition to MDM, the feasibility of multidisciplinary clinics, teleconferences, and online multidisciplinary expert panels for the management of pancreatic disorders has been investigated. Understanding structure, potential advantages, and limitations of MDC will help clinicians and healthcare systems in developing an optimized MDC to improve the management of acute/chronic pancreatitis. This narrative review summarized prior recommendations and explored the impact of MDC on clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatitis. Our recommendations offer a generalizable method that can be utilized by healthcare systems.
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Atit K, Uttal DH, Stieff M. Situating space: using a discipline-focused lens to examine spatial thinking skills. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2020; 5:19. [PMID: 32323024 PMCID: PMC7176750 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-020-00210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial skills are an important component of success in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. A majority of what we know about spatial skills today is a result of more than 100 years of research focused on understanding and identifying the kinds of skills that make up this skill set. Over the last two decades, the field has recognized that, unlike the spatial skills measured by psychometric tests developed by psychology researchers, the spatial problems faced by STEM experts vary widely and are multifaceted. Thus, many psychological researchers have embraced an interdisciplinary approach to studying spatial thinking with the aim of understanding the nature of this skill set as it occurs within STEM disciplines. In a parallel effort, discipline-based education researchers specializing in STEM domains have focused much of their research on understanding how to bolster students' skills in completing domain-specific spatial tasks. In this paper, we discuss four lessons learned from these two programs of research to enhance the field's understanding of spatial thinking in STEM domains. We demonstrate each contribution by aligning findings from research on three distinct STEM disciplines: structural geology, surgery, and organic chemistry. Lastly, we discuss the potential implications of these contributions to STEM education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinnari Atit
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, 1207 Sproul Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - David H Uttal
- School of Education and Social Policy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mike Stieff
- Learning Sciences Research Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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McKee A, Byron P, Litsou K, Ingham R. An Interdisciplinary Definition of Pornography: Results from a Global Delphi Panel. Arch Sex Behav 2020; 49:1085-1091. [PMID: 31549362 PMCID: PMC7058557 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In interdisciplinary investigations into the relationships between pornography and its audiences, the issue of how to define the object of study is more complex than in studies situated within a single discipline. A Delphi panel of 38 leading pornography researchers from a wide range of disciplines was asked about various topics, including the definition of pornography. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of two rounds of survey responses suggested two different and-at first sight-incompatible definitions operating. The first was "Sexually explicit materials intended to arouse." The second was a culturally relative definition suggesting pornography has no innate characteristics. This technical report suggests that we should encourage researchers to choose which definition they want to use in a self-reflective way depending on the needs of the project, so long as they make it explicit and justify their decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McKee
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Byron
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Katerina Litsou
- Centre for Sexual Heath Research, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Roger Ingham
- Centre for Sexual Heath Research, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Ebata A, Hodge C, Braam D, Waldman L, Sharp J, MacGregor H, Moore H. Power, participation and their problems: A consideration of power dynamics in the use of participatory epidemiology for one health and zoonoses research. Prev Vet Med 2020; 177:104940. [PMID: 32244084 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary research intends to include livestock keepers and other local stakeholders in research processes and the development of solutions to animal health problems, including potentially zoonotic diseases. It can also be an attempt to bring some of the methods and insights of social science into a discipline largely shaped by natural science methods and ways of seeing the world. The introduction of participatory methodologies to veterinary epidemiology and disease surveillance follows a wider movement in development thinking, questioning the top-down nature of much post-second world war development efforts directed from the Global North towards the Global South. In the best cases, participatory methods can help to empower the poor and marginalised to participate in and have some control over research and interventions which affect them. Compiled from experience in multi-disciplinary One Health projects, this paper briefly traces the rise of participatory epidemiology before examining some of the limitations observed in its implementation and steps that might be taken to alleviate the problems observed. The three areas in which the operationalisation of Participatory Epidemiology in veterinary and One Health research could be improved are identified as: broadening the focus of engagement with communities beyond quantitative data extraction; taking note of the wider power structures in which research takes place, and questioning who speaks for a community when participatory methods are used. In particular, the focus falls on how researchers from different disciplines, including veterinary medicine and the social sciences, can work together to ensure that participatory epidemiology is employed in such a way that it improves the quality of life of both people and animals around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ebata
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hodge
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Dorien Braam
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Waldman
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Sharp
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley MacGregor
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrietta Moore
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, Floor 7, Maple House 149, Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7NF, London, United Kingdom
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McPhillips K, Salter M, Roberts-Pedersen E, Kezelman C. Understanding trauma as a system of psycho-social harm: Contributions from the Australian royal commission into child sex abuse. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 99:104232. [PMID: 31710962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This article examines how particular understandings of trauma as a systemic form of psychosocial harm framed the establishment of the Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, informed its successful investigatory process, and shaped its recommendations and outcomes. In so doing, the Royal Commission makes an important contribution to the field of trauma studies, which has been characterized by contested histories and is subject to continuing debate in clinical and academic research. For much of the twentieth century, trauma and its impacts have been typically articulated through a bio-medical discourse of individual harm and health outcomes. We argue that the establishment of the Royal Commission reflected an expanded understanding of trauma, constitutive of moral, political and psychological arenas as evidenced in its methodology, conceptual approach and treatment of survivor testimony. We also argue that the institutionalization of an historically situated and politically engaged approach to trauma within the Royal Commission itself was effective in contesting narrow psychological or juridical concepts of harm by developing approaches to trauma as a system of harm with complex impacts on families, communities and indeed the nation. We evaluate the implications and consequences of this shift in the work of the Royal Commission, with particular attention to the development of an interdisciplinary relational approach to the study of trauma as a key principle in the emergence of a trauma-informed culture.
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Fan XQ, Song XF. [Actively promoting the research and development of artificial intelligence diagnosis and treatment of orbital disease]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019; 55:801-805. [PMID: 31715675 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) promotes technological revolution and industrial transformation in the medical field, and the medical level of orbital disease will also be improved with the in-depth development of AI diagnosis and treatment. The problems should be solved in the orbital disease AI research at the initial stage include: the complex knowledge system of orbital disease requires cross-disciplinary knowledge to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment; the early diagnosis and treatment of orbital disease is absent, and effective technical methods are needed to crack the screening dilemma; the operation of the disease is difficult, and special mechanical devices are needed to break through the boundaries of surgical technique; the medical team of orbital disease is scarce, and it is necessary to share the medical resources effectively. In order to solve the problems mentioned above, the following research directions of orbital disease AI diagnosis and treatment should be included: the orbital disease AI diagnosis system, the orbital disease AI screening platform, the orbital surgery robot and the orbital disease telemedicine. Through the development of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment, the in-depth exploration of interdisciplinary basic research, the extensive implementation of clinical research, and the extensive integration of industry and academic communication, the AI diagnosis and treatment of orbital disease is approaching a new era. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2019, 55: 801-805).
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Fan
- Department of Ophthmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medical, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Maxwell K, Hubbell B, Eisenhauer E. Institutional insights on integrating social and environmental science for solutions-driven research. Environ Sci Policy 2019; 101:97-105. [PMID: 32132877 PMCID: PMC7055515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Solving complex environmental problems requires interdisciplinary research involving the social and environmental sciences. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is working toward solutions-driven research and interdisciplinary integration within its Office of Research and Development. This article details the history of this process and discusses lessons learned from other federal agencies seeking to integrate social and biophysical research: finding the right combination of top down and bottom up approaches; balancing objectives of advancing science and/or supporting programmatic operations; using social science methods to inform the process; and engaging multiple stakeholders. Attention to the social context of scientific practice, including research processes and research use, fosters success. Three strategies for integrating social sciences to support solutions-driven environmental research are: weaving social science throughout the research process, strengthening social networks, and fostering interdisciplinary hubs. Integration into planning and carrying out research has greater transformative potential than integration into product development and distribution. This article provides insights into institutional considerations for advancing interdisciplinarity and the social context of scientific practice in government agencies. It illustrates the multiple decision contexts and inclusion of social science at the science-policy interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely Maxwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington, 20460, United States
| | - Bryan Hubbell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Emily Eisenhauer
- ORISE participant at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, United States
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Weaver CP, Miller CA. A Framework for Climate Change-Related Research to Inform Environmental Protection. Environ Manage 2019; 64:245-257. [PMID: 31359093 PMCID: PMC7350535 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A critical charge for science to inform environmental protection is to characterize the risks associated with climate change, to support development of appropriate responses. The nature of climate change, however, presents significant challenges that must be overcome to do so, including the need for integration and synthesis across the many disciplines that contain knowledge relevant for achieving environmental protection goals. This paper describes an interdisciplinary research framework organized around three "Science Challenges" that directly respond to the needs of environmental protection organizations. Broadly, these Science Challenges refer to the research needed to: inform actions to enhance resilience across a broad range of environmental and social stresses to environmental management endpoints; actions to limit GHG emissions and slow the underlying rate of climate change; and the transition to sustainability across the full spectrum of climate change impacts and solutions; all as situated within an overarching risk management perspective. These Challenges span all media and systems critical to effective environmental protection, highlighting the cross-cutting nature of climate change and the need to address its impacts across systems and places. While this framework uses EPA's programs as an illustrative example, the research directions articulated herein are broadly applicable across the spectrum of environmental protection organizations. Going forward, we recommend that climate-related research to inform environmental protection efforts should accelerate its evolution toward research that is inherently cross-media and cross-scale; explicitly considers the social dimensions of change; and focuses on designing solutions to the specific risks climate change poses to the environment and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Weaver
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - C A Miller
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Corneli A, Meagher K, Henderson G, Peay H, Rennie S. How Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials Incorporate Behavioral and Social Sciences Research: A Typology of Approaches. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:2146-2154. [PMID: 30535615 PMCID: PMC6647486 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biomedical HIV prevention, researchers have meaningfully incorporated behavioral and social sciences research (BSSR) into numerous clinical trials, though the timing and degree of integration have been highly variable. The literature offers few frameworks that systematically characterize these collaborations. To fill this gap, we developed a typology of BSSR approaches within biomedical HIV prevention research. Focusing on trials that had safety and/or efficacy endpoints, we identified five approaches for combining BSSR and clinical research: formative, embedded, parallel, explanatory, and implications. We describe each approach and provide illustrative examples. By offering a shared vocabulary for distinguishing the timing and design of collaborative BSSR and clinical research, this typology can facilitate greater transparency in collaborators’ expectations and responsibilities, and help collaborators address challenges likely to be associated with such interdisciplinary research.
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Cummins G, Cox BF, Walker JD, Cochran S, Desmulliez MPY. Challenges in developing collaborative interdisciplinary research between gastroenterologists and engineers. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 42:435-442. [PMID: 30664386 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2018.1543466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of technology in healthcare is rapidly evolving. However, it can be argued that gastroenterology has not kept pace with other medical fields due to the multifaceted needs of this speciality and other issues. Innovation in healthcare technology increasingly requires interdisciplinary collaboration between engineers and clinicians. Nevertheless, working in such an interdisciplinary environment can be challenging due to factors such as working culture, communication and difference in priorities. We surveyed the views of clinicians specialising in gastroenterology and engineers on interdisciplinary health research. The 21 respondents expressed a range of opinions on the perceived benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary collaboration. Though engineers and clinicians recognised its advantages, they expressed a need for further improvement. However, engineers and clinicians differed in how best this could be achieved. The results of this survey are discussed with reference to the literature on interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Cummins
- a School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Ben F Cox
- b School of Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Jack D Walker
- b School of Medicine , University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Sandy Cochran
- c School of Engineering , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Marc P Y Desmulliez
- a School of Engineering and Physical Sciences , Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh , UK
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Abstract
The Swedish Global Health Research Conference held in Stockholm, 18-19 April 2018, convened researchers from across Sweden's universities to foster collaboration and new research. In response to the theme of the conference, How can Sweden contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals? From research to action, many of the plenary and keynote speakers highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary research and teaching. This commentary draws upon a workshop discussing interdisciplinarity, which took place at the conference. Participants included senior professors, lecturers, students and collaborators from the private sector and civil society and we discussed the conceptual and structural challenges that prevent engagement in interdisciplinary research. Although the workshop focused on the Swedish context, issues will be familiar to researchers working outside of Sweden. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals highlight the grand challenges for global society and are intertwined, with progress in one affecting progress in all others. With this starting point, we argue that interdisciplinary research is the way to achieve them. Accordingly, we need to overcome the conceptual and structural challenges that can hinder it. We therefore argue for a paradigm shift of how we value knowledge. We also call for fundamental changes in external and internal (university-level) funding structures, and for the strengthening of interdisciplinary global health teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mats Målqvist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Rachel Irwin
- Department of Arts and Cultural Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
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Kaufmann P, Pariser AR, Austin C. From scientific discovery to treatments for rare diseases - the view from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences - Office of Rare Diseases Research. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:196. [PMID: 30400963 PMCID: PMC6219030 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We now live in a time of unprecedented opportunities to turn scientific discoveries into better treatments for the estimated 30 million people in the US living with rare diseases. Despite these scientific advances, more than 90% of rare diseases still lack an effective treatment. New data and genetics technologies have resulted in the first transformational new treatments for a handful of rare diseases. This challenges us as a society to accelerate progress so that no disease and no patient is, ultimately, left behind in getting access to safe and effective therapeutics. This article reviews initiatives of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) that are aimed at catalyzing rare diseases research. These initiatives fall into two groups: Promoting information sharing; and building multi-disciplinary multi-stakeholder collaborations. Among ORDR’s information sharing initiatives are GARD (The Genetics and Rare Diseases Information Center), RaDaR (The Rare Diseases Registries Program) and the NCATS Toolkit for Patient-Focused Therapy Development (Toolkit). Among the collaboration initiatives are the RDCRN (Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network), and the NCATS ORDR support for conferences and workshops. Despite the success of these programs, there remains substantial work to be done to build enhanced collaborations, clinical harmonization and interoperability, and stakeholder engagement so that the recent scientific advances can benefit all patients on the long list of rare diseases waiting for help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kaufmann
- Avexis Inc. Formerly of Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Koschinsky A, Heinrich L, Boehnke K, Cohrs JC, Markus T, Shani M, Singh P, Smith Stegen K, Werner W. Deep-sea mining: Interdisciplinary research on potential environmental, legal, economic, and societal implications. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018; 14:672-691. [PMID: 29917315 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea mining refers to the retrieval of marine mineral resources such as Mn nodules, FeMn crusts, and seafloor massive sulfide deposits, which contain a variety of metals that serve as crucial raw materials for a range of applications, from electronic devices to renewable energy technologies to construction materials. With the intent of decreasing dependence on imports, supporting the economy, and potentially even overcoming the environmental problems related to conventional terrestrial mining, a number of public and private institutions have rediscovered their interest in exploring the prospects of deep-sea mining, which had been deemed economically and technically unfeasible in the early 1980s. To date, many national and international research projects are grappling to understand the economic environmental, social, and legal implications of potential commercial deep-sea mining operations: a challenging endeavor due to the complexity of direct impacts and spillover effects. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the aforementioned fields as well as a comparison of the impacts associated with conventional terrestrial mining. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps that should be urgently addressed to ensure that the world at large benefits from safe, efficient, and environmentally sound mining procedures. We conclude by highlighting the need for interdisciplinary research and international cooperation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:672-691. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koschinsky
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Luise Heinrich
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Klaus Boehnke
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Science (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Christopher Cohrs
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Science (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Present address: Philipps University Marburg, Department of Psychology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Till Markus
- Research Centre for European Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maor Shani
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Science (BIGSSS), Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Research Centre for European Environmental Law, Faculty of Law, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- INTERCOAST International Research Training Group, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), Bremen, Germany
| | - Karen Smith Stegen
- Department of Social Science & Humanities, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Welf Werner
- Department of Business & Economics, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Present address: Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences and Heidelberg Center for American Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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