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Agarwal A, Mehta PM, Jacobson T, Shah NS, Ye J, Zhu J, Wafford QE, Bahiru E, de Cates AN, Ebrahim S, Prabhakaran D, Rodgers A, Huffman MD. Fixed-dose combination therapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Med 2024; 30:1199-1209. [PMID: 38532223 PMCID: PMC11031293 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy, also known as polypill therapy, targets risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and has been proposed as a strategy to reduce global ASCVD burden. Here we conducted a systematic search for relevant studies from 2016-2022 to assess the effects of FDC therapy for prevention of ASCVD. The studies selected include randomized trials evaluating FDC therapy with at least one blood pressure-lowering drug and one lipid-lowering drug. The study data were independently extracted, the quality of evidence was appraised by multiple reviewers and effect estimates were pooled using a fixed-effect meta-analysis when statistical heterogeneity was low to moderate. The main outcomes of the analysis were all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal ASCVD events, adverse events, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adherence. Among 26 trials (n = 27,317 participants, 43.2% female and mean age range 52.9-76.0), FDC therapy was associated with lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, with higher rates of adherence and adverse events in both primary and mixed secondary prevention populations. For studies with a mostly primary prevention population, FDC therapy was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality by 11% (5.6% versus 6.3%; relative risk (risk ratio) of 0.89; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.00; I2 = 0%; four trials and 16,278 participants) and risk of fatal and nonfatal ASCVD events by 29% (6.1% versus 8.4%; relative risk (risk ratio) of 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.63 to 0.79; I2 = 0%; five trials and 15,503 participants). One adequately powered trial in an exclusively secondary prevention population showed that FDC therapy reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by 24%. These findings support adoption and implementation of polypills to lower risk for all-cause mortality and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Agarwal
- Department of Medicine and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Priya M Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tyler Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nilay S Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - JingJing Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ehete Bahiru
- Desert Cardiology Consultants, Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, CA, USA
| | | | - Shah Ebrahim
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D Huffman
- Department of Medicine and Global Health Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Espinosa-Salas S, Bagherzadeh L, Wafford QE, Witte G, Schnitzer TJ. Does sex affect the efficacy of systemic pharmacological treatments of pain in knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review. Osteoarthr Cartil Open 2024; 6:100438. [PMID: 38375468 PMCID: PMC10875265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2024.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether sex influences the analgesic efficacy of systemic pharmacological treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design A systematic review, guided by Cochrane methods, sourced studies from Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text as of October 10, 2022. Eligible studies were double-blind RCTs evaluating systemic pharmacological treatments for knee osteoarthritis in adults, with minimum 30-day treatment duration, reporting sex-specific results or mentioning sex subgroup analysis for analgesic efficacy. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2 (RoB 2). Results 9 studies (5201 participants) met inclusion criteria, analyzing drugs including duloxetine, etoricoxib, tapentadol, naproxcinod, lutikizumab, and rofecoxib. Only one study reported sex-specific results. Review findings suggested no significant sex-based differences in treatment efficacy, however, data were limited due to a lack of sex-specific reporting or inclusion of sex in subgroup analyses. Conclusions Current evidence does not support the existence of sex differences in the analgesic efficacy of systemic knee osteoarthritis treatments. However, this conclusion is substantially limited by the paucity of sex-specific reporting of results or subgroup analyses in most primary studies, emphasizing the need for future research to report on sex-stratified data to allow for comprehensive, personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Espinosa-Salas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Leila Bagherzadeh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Q. Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Graeme Witte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas J. Schnitzer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Abbott Hall Suite 1020, 710 N Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
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3
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Cotter R, Burns J, Kaufman K, Kudla A, Ehrlich-Jones L, Wafford QE, Heinemann AW. Effectiveness of Behavioral and Pharmacologic Interventions for Depressive Symptoms After Spinal Cord Injury: Findings From a Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024:S0003-9993(24)00037-6. [PMID: 38266762 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize and evaluate evidence regarding the efficacy of interventions for depressive symptoms in adults living with spinal cord injury (SCI) and comorbid major depressive disorder or significant depressive symptoms to inform the development of clinical practice guidelines. DATA SOURCES Articles published since 2013 and available in Medline, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, or PsycINFO. Databases were searched in June 2022 and updated November 2023. STUDY SELECTION Inclusion criteria: age 18 years or older, traumatic SCI, and clinically significant depression (Population), mental health interventions including behavioral, pharmacologic, and complementary and alternative medicine (Intervention), inclusion of a control group (Comparator), with a primary outcome of depression symptom reduction (Outcome). Criteria were applied by multiple reviewers and disagreements were reconciled via unanimous decision among the entire research team. Eight articles of 2780 screened met the selection criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by multiple reviewers. Two reviewers independently assigned a quality score using the guidelines described by Hawker and associates and independently evaluated the risk of bias of each article using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. DATA SYNTHESIS All studies assessed depressive symptoms during participant recruitment, screening, and/or at a baseline assessment stage. Pharmacotherapy with venlafaxine XR and several behavioral interventions appear promising, including an online mindfulness course and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy. Remote interventions may be effective in reaching individuals who are unable to travel to in-person therapy sessions. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides valuable information for clinicians who treat individuals with SCI and comorbid major depressive disorder or significant depressive symptoms. It highlights the importance of considering a variety of interventions and individualizing treatment to meet individuals' needs and preferences. Future research should aim to identify effective interventions for treating depressive symptoms in individuals with SCI and optimal delivery methods for these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cotter
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL; Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | | | | | | | - Linda Ehrlich-Jones
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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4
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Shilati FM, Silver CM, Baskaran A, Jang A, Wafford QE, Slocum J, Schilling C, Schaeffer C, Shapiro MB, Stey AM. Transitional care programs for trauma patients: A scoping review. Surgery 2023; 174:1001-1007. [PMID: 37550166 PMCID: PMC10527729 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitional care programs establish comprehensive outpatient care after hospitalization. This scoping review aimed to define participant characteristics and structure of transitional care programs for injured adults as well as associated readmission rates, cost of care, and follow-up adherence. METHODS We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews standard. Information sources searched were Medline, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus Plus with Full Text. Eligibility criteria were systematic reviews, clinical trials, and observational studies of transitional care programs for injured adults in the United States, published in English since 2000. Two independent reviewers screened all full texts. A data charting process extracted patient characteristics, program structure, readmission rates, cost of care, and follow-up adherence for each study. RESULTS A total of 10 studies described 9 transitional care programs. Most programs (60%) were nurse/social-worker-led post-discharge phone call programs that provided follow-up reminders and inquired regarding patient concerns. The remaining 40% of programs were comprehensive interdisciplinary case-coordination transitional care programs. Readmissions were reduced by 5% and emergency department visits by 13% among participants of both types of programs compared to historic data. Both programs improved follow-up adherence by 75% compared to historic data. CONCLUSION Transitional care programs targeted at injured patients vary in structure and may reduce overall health care use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey M Silver
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Archit Baskaran
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Angie Jang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - John Slocum
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine Schilling
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine Schaeffer
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL
| | - Michael B Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anne M Stey
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. https://twitter.com/AnneMStey
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Ro S, Pham NH, Huynh VN, Wafford QE, Vu M. Food insecurity among Asian Americans: A scoping review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287895. [PMID: 37399223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food insecurity is prevalent in the U.S. and is associated with deleterious health, behavioral, and social consequences. Food insecurity is currently addressed largely through public and private food assistance programs (e.g., the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program, and food pantries). A body of research has explored racial and ethnic disparities and differences in food insecurity and coping strategies. However, limited literature has explored these experiences among Asian Americans and Asian origin groups in the United States. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to establish what is known about the experience of food insecurity and nutrition program participation in the Asian American population and among Asian origin groups and to suggest further research and policy action to better address food insecurity in this population. METHODS Our review is guided by the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and refined and outlined by Levac and colleagues and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search key terms related to food insecurity and Asian Americans in Medline (Ovid), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (Ebsco), PsycINFO (Ebsco), and Scopus (Elsevier). An article will be included if it was published in the English language; is a peer reviewed research manuscript and reports primary research findings from analyses; and describes food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among individuals of Asian origins living in the U.S. An article will be excluded if it is a book, conference proceedings, or grey literature (e.g., thesis or dissertation); is a commentary, editorial, or opinion piece without primary research data; contains only research conducted outside of the U.S.; includes Asians in the sample but does not provide separate data on food insecurity or strategies to cope with food insecurity among Asians; and describes only dietary changes or patterns but not food insecurity. Two or more reviewers will participate in the study screening and selection process. We will record information from the final articles chosen to be included in the review in a data table template and will also prepare a summary narrative with key findings. EXPECTED OUTPUTS Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. The findings from this review will be of interest to researchers and practitioners and inform further research and policy to better address food insecurity among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Ro
- Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nhat-Ha Pham
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victoria N Huynh
- Emory College of Arts & Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Milkie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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6
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Wong J, Pedersen J, Tennety N, DuBois L, Chiu R, Shah D, Malecki G, Wafford QE, Heinemann AW. Service-Delivery Competencies in Home and Community-Based Services Needed to Achieve Person-Centered Planning and Practices: A Systematic Review. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:493-504. [PMID: 36384346 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221139476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Home and community-based services (HCBS) assist people with disabilities and older adults to remain in their homes. Direct support professionals and care managers who facilitate the development of support plans need to employ person-centered approaches to ensure services are tailored to peoples' needs and preferences. The aims were to identify the key competencies needed for delivery of person-centered supports and examine the relationship between HCBS and its' outcomes in the United States. We used the competencies developed by the National Center on advancing Person-Centered Practices and Systems as a framework. We conducted a systematic review to identify the skills necessary to deliver person-centered HCBS. We coded 43 articles and identified seven competencies. Most frequently mentioned competencies related to culturally informed practice, cultivating connections, and promoting rights, choice, and control. Policy makers should create training standards for person-centered practices to ensure that people receiving HCBS live the lives they want.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasin Wong
- 34881National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Pedersen
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Niveda Tennety
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay DuBois
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Dhrumil Shah
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Glenn Malecki
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- 491146Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Center for Rehabilitation and Outcomes Research, 581932Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA.,12244Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Noubiap JJ, Millenaar D, Ojji D, Wafford QE, Ukena C, Böhm M, Sliwa K, Huffman MD, Mahfoud F. Fifty Years of Global Cardiovascular Research in Africa: A Scientometric Analysis, 1971 to 2021. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027670. [PMID: 36734342 PMCID: PMC9973645 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background To analyze the quantity and impact of cardiovascular research done in Africa or coauthored by researchers based in Africa, their determinants, and the patterns of research collaboration. Methods and Results We retrieved data from Web of Science and additional sources. We analyzed temporal trends from 1971 to 2021 and geographical distribution, research impact using country-level h-index, international research cooperation, and associations of research quantity and quality using linear regression. The annual volume of cardiovascular research from Africa has increased from 4 publications in 1971 to 3867 in 2020 and currently represents ~3% of the global cardiovascular research output. Authors from South Africa (28.1%) and Egypt (24.1%) accounted for more than half of all publications from African countries, and they had the highest h-index (209 and 111, respectively). Important collaborators outside Africa included the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Australia. The country's publication count was associated with larger population size (P<0.001), whereas the country's h-index was associated with larger population size (P=0.001) and higher human development index (P=0.023). International collaboration was dominated by the United States, South Africa, United Kingdom, Egypt, and Canada. The level of collaboration between African countries was lower than their collaboration with non-African countries. Conclusions Cardiovascular research output from African authors remains low, despite marked progress over the past 5 decades. These findings highlight the urgent need to improve the quantity and quality of cardiovascular research in Africa through increased investments, training of human resources, improved infrastructures, and expansion of collaborative research networks, particularly within Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Noubiap
- Cameroon Ministry of Public HealthYaoundéCameroon,Centre for Heart Rhythm DisordersThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Dominic Millenaar
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care MedicineSaarland University HospitalHomburgGermany
| | - Dike Ojji
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Abuja, and University of Abuja Teaching HospitalGwagwaladaNigeria
| | - Q. Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL
| | - Christian Ukena
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care MedicineSaarland University HospitalHomburgGermany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care MedicineSaarland University HospitalHomburgGermany,Cape Heart Institute Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesGroote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa,Cape Heart Institute Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
| | - Mark D. Huffman
- Department of Medicine and Global Health CenterWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO,The George Institute for Global HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care MedicineSaarland University HospitalHomburgGermany,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA
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8
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Hosseini M, Gordijn B, Wafford QE, Holmes KL. A systematic scoping review of the ethics of Contributor Role Ontologies and Taxonomies. Account Res 2023:1-28. [PMID: 36641627 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2022.2161049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Contributor Role Ontologies and Taxonomies (CROTs) provide a standard list of roles to specify individual contributions to research. CROTs most common application has been their inclusion alongside author bylines in scholarly publications. With the recent uptake of CROTs among publishers -particularly the Contributor Role Taxonomy (CRediT)- some have anticipated a positive impact on ethical issues regarding the attribution of credit and responsibilities, but others have voiced concerns about CROTs shortcomings and ways they could be misunderstood or have unintended consequences. Since these discussions have never been consolidated, this review collated and explored published viewpoints about the ethics of CROTs. After searching Ovid Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, 30 papers met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. We identified eight themes and 20 specific issues related to the ethics of CROTs and provided four recommendations for CROT developers, custodians, or others seeking to use CROTs in their workflows, policy and practice: 1) Compile comprehensive instructions that explain how CROTs should be used; 2) Improve the coherence of used terms, 3) Translate roles in languages other than English, 4) Communicate a clear vision about future development plans and be transparent about CROTs' strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that CROTs are not the panacea for unethical attributions and should be complemented with initiatives that support social and infrastructural transformation of scholarly publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosseini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bert Gordijn
- Institute of Ethics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristi L Holmes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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LeCroy MN, Potter LN, Bandeen-Roche K, Bianco ME, Cappola AR, Carter EB, Dayan PS, Eckstrom E, Edwards DF, Farabi SS, Fisher SD, Giordano J, Hanson HA, Jenkins E, Juhn Y, Kaskel F, Stake CE, Reeds DN, Schleiss MR, Wafford QE, McColley SA. Barriers to and solutions for representative inclusion across the lifespan and in life course research: The need for structural competency highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 7:e38. [PMID: 36845306 PMCID: PMC9947617 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusion of special populations (older adults; pregnant women, children, and adolescents; individuals of lower socioeconomic status and/or who live in rural communities; people from racial and ethnic minority groups; individuals from sexual or gender minority groups; and individuals with disabilities) in research is a pervasive problem, despite efforts and policy changes by the National Institutes of Health and other organizations. These populations are adversely impacted by social determinants of health (SDOH) that reduce access and ability to participate in biomedical research. In March 2020, the Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute hosted the "Lifespan and Life Course Research: integrating strategies" "Un-Meeting" to discuss barriers and solutions to underrepresentation of special populations in biomedical research. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted how exclusion of representative populations in research can increase health inequities. We applied findings of this meeting to perform a literature review of barriers and solutions to recruitment and retention of representative populations in research and to discuss how findings are important to research conducted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the role of SDOH, review barriers and solutions to underrepresentation, and discuss the importance of a structural competency framework to improve research participation and retention among special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N LeCroy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Academic General Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lindsey N Potter
- Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity (HOPE), Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute and the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica E Bianco
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony B Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter S Dayan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Eckstrom
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dorothy F Edwards
- Collaborative Center for Health Equity, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Health Sciences Learning Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah S Farabi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheehan D Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine/Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judy Giordano
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Heidi A Hanson
- Department of Surgery and Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emerald Jenkins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Juhn
- Precision Population Science Lab and Artificial Intelligence Program, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frederick Kaskel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christine E Stake
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Goldfarb School of Nursing at Barnes-Jewish College, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark R Schleiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Zheng K, Stern BZ, Wafford QE, Kohli-Lynch CN. Trial-Based Economic Evaluations of Supported Employment for Adults with Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review. Adm Policy Ment Health 2022; 49:440-452. [PMID: 35037105 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To identify, appraise, and summarize outcomes reported in trial-based economic evaluations of Individual Placement and Support programs for adults with severe mental illness. Six databases were searched, including Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and EconLit. Inclusion criteria were trial-based, full economic evaluations comparing Individual Placement and Support programs to traditional vocational rehabilitation programs for adults 18 years and older with severe mental illness. Study quality was appraised using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement. Of the 476 articles identified in the database search, seven were included in the review. Studies conducted across Europe (n = 4) and Japan (n = 1) suggested that Individual Placement and Support may be a cost-effective alternative to traditional vocational rehabilitation programs. Two studies conducted in the United States demonstrated that Individual Placement and Support led to better vocational outcomes, but at neutral or higher costs than traditional vocational rehabilitation, depending on the benefit measure used. Trial-based economic evaluations of supported employment for adults with severe mental illness are limited and heterogeneous. The interpretation of economic outcomes warrants consideration of factors that may impact cost-effectiveness, such as geographical location. Future studies should evaluate whether the benefits of IPS outweigh additional costs for patients and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Zheng
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair St, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Brocha Z Stern
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair St, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair St, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ciaran N Kohli-Lynch
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 633 N. Saint Clair St, 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Pennathur A, Brunelli A, Criner GJ, Keshavarz H, Mazzone P, Walsh G, Luketich J, Liptay M, Wafford QE, Murthy S, Marshall MB, Tong B, Lanuti M, Wolf A, Pettiford B, Loo BW, Merritt RE, Rocco G, Schuchert M, Varghese TK, Swanson SJ. Definition and assessment of high risk in patients considered for lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery expert panel consensus document. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 162:1605-1618.e6. [PMID: 34716030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lobectomy is a standard treatment for stage I non-small cell lung cancer, but a significant proportion of patients are considered at high risk for complications, including mortality, after lobectomy and might not be candidates. Identifying who is at risk is important and in evolution. The objective of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Clinical Practice Standards Committee expert panel was to review important considerations and factors in assessing who is at high risk among patients considered for lobectomy. METHODS The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Clinical Practice Standards Committee assembled an expert panel that developed an expert consensus document after systematic review of the literature. The expert panel generated a priori a list of important risk factors in the determination of high risk for lobectomy. A survey was administered, and the expert panel was asked to grade the relative importance of each risk factor. Recommendations were developed using discussion and a modified Delphi method. RESULTS The expert panel survey identified the most important factors in the determination of high risk, which included the need for supplemental oxygen because of severe underlying lung disease, low diffusion capacity, the presence of frailty, and the overall assessment of daily activity and functional status. The panel determined that factors, such as age (as a sole factor), were less important in risk assessment. CONCLUSIONS Defining who is at high risk for lobectomy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer is challenging, but remains critical. There was impressive strong consensus on identification of important factors and their hierarchical ranking of perceived risk. The panel identified several key factors that can be incorporated in risk assessment. The factors are evolving and as the population ages, factors such as neurocognitive function and frailty become more important. A minimally invasive approach becomes even more critical in this older population to mitigate risk. The determination of risk is a clinical decision and judgement, which should also take into consideration patient perspectives, values, preferences, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Pennathur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pa.
| | - Alessandro Brunelli
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, St. James University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Homa Keshavarz
- The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Beverly, Mass
| | - Peter Mazzone
- Department of Pulmonology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Garrett Walsh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - James Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Michael Liptay
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | | | - Sudish Murthy
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill
| | - M Blair Marshall
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Betty Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrea Wolf
- The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Brian Pettiford
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, La
| | - Billy W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Robert E Merritt
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Ohio State University-Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew Schuchert
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Thomas K Varghese
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Scott J Swanson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.
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O'Dwyer LC, Wafford QE. Addressing challenges with systematic review teams through effective communication: a case report. J Med Libr Assoc 2021; 109:643-647. [PMID: 34858096 PMCID: PMC8608185 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every step in the systematic review process has challenges, ranging from resistance by review teams to adherence to standard methodology to low-energy commitment to full participation. These challenges can derail the project and result in significant delays, duplication of work, and failure to complete the review. Communication during the systematic review process is key to ensuring it runs smoothly and is identified as a core competency for librarians involved in systematic reviews. CASE PRESENTATION This case report presents effective communication approaches that our librarians employ to address challenges encountered while working with systematic review teams. The communication strategies we describe engage teams through information, questions, and action items and lead to productive collaborations with publishable systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS Effective communication with review teams keeps systematic review projects moving forward. The techniques covered in this case study strive to minimize misunderstandings, educate collaborators, and, in our experience, have led to multiple successful collaborations and publications. Librarians working in the systematic review space will recognize these challenges and can adapt these techniques to their own environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C O'Dwyer
- , Head of Research and Information Services, Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- , Research Librarian, Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern, Chicago, IL
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13
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Wafford QE, O'Dwyer LC. Adopting a toolkit to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process: a case report. J Med Libr Assoc 2021; 109:637-642. [PMID: 34858095 PMCID: PMC8608198 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proliferation of systematic reviews has impacted library operations and activities as librarians support, collaborate, and perform more tasks in the systematic review process. This case report describes a toolkit that librarians with extensive experience in supporting multiple review teams use to manage time, resources, and expectations in the systematic review process. CASE PRESENTATION The toolkit is a compilation of documents that we use to effectively communicate with and help review teams understand and navigate each stage of the systematic review process. Elements included in the toolkit and discussed in this case report are intake forms, communication templates and memoranda, a process flow diagram, library guides on tools for retrieval and data appraisal, and established standards for guidance during the write-up stage. We describe the use of the toolkit for both education and project management, with a focus on its use in helping manage team time, resources, and expectations. DISCUSSION The systematic review toolkit helps librarians connect systematic review steps and tasks to actionable items. The content facilitates and supports discussion and learning by both librarians and team members. This toolkit helps librarians share important information and resources for each stage of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Eileen Wafford
- , Research Librarian, Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda C O'Dwyer
- , Head of Research and Information Services, Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Wong J, Kallish N, Crown D, Capraro P, Trierweiler R, Wafford QE, Tiema-Benson L, Hassan S, Engel E, Tamayo C, Heinemann AW. Job Accommodations, Return to Work and Job Retention of People with Physical Disabilities: A Systematic Review. J Occup Rehabil 2021; 31:474-490. [PMID: 33479811 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-020-09954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to identify job accommodations that help persons with physical disabilities maintain or return to work and explore the barriers and facilitators that influence the provision and reception of job accommodations. Methods We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019129645). The search strategy incorporated keywords describing physical disabilities, employer-approved job accommodations, and employment retention or return to work approaches. We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and ProQuest Theses and dissertations. Reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion. We used Hawker et al.'s method to assess study quality. Results We identified 2203 articles, of which 52 met inclusion criteria, developed a table of job accommodations commonly used by persons with physical disabilities, summarized the percentages of job accommodations used by persons with disabilities, synthesized evidence of the effectiveness of job accommodations, and identified the factors that influence job accommodation use. The most frequently reported accommodations were as follows: modification of job responsibilities, change of workplace policy, supportive personnel provision, flexible scheduling, and assistive technology. We summarized four types of facilitators and barriers that affect job accommodation use: employee-related factors, accommodation-related factors, job-related factors, and social workplace-related factors. Conclusion The absence of randomized controlled trials and prevalence of cross-sectional surveys provides inconclusive evidence regarding the effectiveness of specific job accommodations for people with particular functional limitations. Our system of categorizing job accommodations provides a guide to investigators seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of job accommodations using experimental methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasin Wong
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Natasha Kallish
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deborah Crown
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Pamela Capraro
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Edeth Engel
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christina Tamayo
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. Saint Clair St., 20th Floor, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E Erie St., Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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15
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Singh A, Agarwal A, Wafford QE, Shah SJ, Huffman M, Khan S. Efficacy and safety of diuretics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a scoping review. Heart 2021; 108:593-605. [PMID: 34340995 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diuretics reduce congestion in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, comparison of clinical effects across diuretic classes or combinations of diuretics in patients with HFpEF are not well described. Therefore, we sought to conduct a scoping review to map trial data of diuretic efficacy and safety in patients with HFpEF. REVIEW METHODS AND RESULTS We searched multiple bibliometric databases for published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov, and hand searched unpublished studies comparing different classes of diuretics to usual care or placebo in patients with HFpEF. We included randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. Two authors independently screened and extracted key data using a structured form. We identified 13 published studies on diuretics in HFpEF, with 1 evaluating thiazide use, 7 on mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and 5 on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). There remain 17 ongoing trials evaluating loop diuretics (n=1), MRAs (n=5), SGLT2i (n=10) and a polydiuretic (n=1), including 2 well-powered trials of SGLT2i that will be completed in 2021. CONCLUSIONS The limited number of published trials evaluating different classes of diuretics in patients with HFpEF have been generally small and short term. Ongoing and emerging trials of single or combination diuretics with greater power will be useful to better define their safety and efficacy. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION: doi:10.18131/g3-dejv-tm77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Singh
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anubha Agarwal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Huffman
- George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sadiya Khan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Schäfer WLA, Johnson JK, Wafford QE, Plummer SG, Stulberg JJ. Primary prevention of prescription opioid diversion: a systematic review of medication disposal interventions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2021; 47:548-558. [PMID: 34292095 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1937635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: In the U.S., 50-75% of nonmedical users of prescription opioids obtain their pills through diversion by friends or relatives. Increasing disposal of unused opioid prescriptions is a fundamental primary prevention strategy in combatting the opioid epidemic.Objectives: To identify interventions for disposal of unused opioid pills and assess the evidence of their effectiveness on disposal-related outcomes.Methods: A search of four electronic databases was conducted (October 2019). We included all empirical studies, systematic literature reviews, and meta-analyses about study medication disposal interventions in the U.S. Studies of disposal interventions that did not include opioids were excluded. We abstracted data for the selected articles to describe the study design, and outcomes. Further, we assessed the quality of each study using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools.Results: We identified 25 articles that met our inclusion criteria. None of the 13 studies on drug take-back events or the two studies on donation boxes could draw conclusions about their effectiveness. Although studies on educational interventions found positive effects on knowledge acquisition, they did not find differences in disposal rates. Two randomized controlled trials on drug disposal bags found higher opioid disposal rates in their intervention arms compared to the control arms (57.1% vs 28.6% and 33.3%, p = .01; and 85.7% vs 64.9%, p = .03).Conclusions: Peer-reviewed publications on opioid disposal interventions are limited and either do not address effectiveness or have conflicting findings. Future research should address these limitations and further evaluate implementation and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn L A Schäfer
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie K Johnson
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah G Plummer
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonah J Stulberg
- Surgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center (SOQIC), Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Center for Health Services & Outcomes Research, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Singh K, Bawa VS, Venkateshmurthy NS, Gandral M, Sharma S, Lodhi S, Wafford QE, Patel SA, Tandon N, Narayan KMV, Prabhakaran D, Huffman MD. Assessment of Studies of Quality Improvement Strategies to Enhance Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2113375. [PMID: 34125220 PMCID: PMC8204210 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical care quality improvement (QI) strategies are critical to prevent and control cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited evidence regarding which components of the health system-, clinician-, and patient-based QI strategies contribute to their impact on CVD. OBJECTIVES To identify, map, and organize evidence on the effectiveness and implementation of cardiovascular QI strategies that seek to improve outcomes in patients with CVD. EVIDENCE REVIEW Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched for studies published between January 1, 2009, and October 25, 2019. Eligible study designs included randomized trials and preintervention and postintervention evaluations. Descriptive findings of included studies were reported using several frameworks to map the intervention components stratified by target population, setting, outcomes, and overall results. FINDINGS From 8066 screened titles and abstracts, 456 unique studies with 150 148 unique patients (38.1% women and 61.9% men; mean [SD] age, 64.6 [7.1] years) were identified, including 427 randomized trials, 21 quasi-randomized studies, and 8 preintervention and postintervention studies. Of 336 studies from 45 countries that were classified, 255 (75.9%) were from high-income countries; 68 (20.2%), upper-middle-income countries; 13 (3.9%), lower-middle-income countries; and 0, low-income countries, with diverse clinical settings and target patient populations (post-myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure). Patient support (311 studies), information communication technology (ICT) for health (78 studies), community support (18 studies), supervision (15 studies), and high-intensity training (14 studies) were the most commonly evaluated QI strategies. Other strategies were group problem-solving (7 studies), printed information (5 studies), strengthening infrastructure (4 studies), and financial incentives (3 studies). Patient support, ICT for health, training, and community support were strategies that had been evaluated the most for clinical end points and showed modest associations with several clinical outcomes. The other strategies did not have outcome-driven evaluations reported. Group problem-solving was associated with improved patient self-care and quality of life. Strengthening infrastructure was associated with improved treatment satisfaction. Printed information and financial incentives showed no meaningful effect. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review found that substantial variations exist in the types, effectiveness, and implementation of QI strategies for patients with CVD. A comprehensive map of QI strategies created by this study would be useful for researchers to identify where new knowledge is needed to improve cardiovascular outcomes. Outcome-driven evaluations and long-term studies are needed, particularly in low-income settings, to better understand the effects of QI strategies on prevention and control of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Singh
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidit Singh Bawa
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Mareesha Gandral
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Shuchita Sharma
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Sugandha Lodhi
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Q. Eileen Wafford
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shivani A. Patel
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Mark D. Huffman
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Vila PM, Somani SN, Wafford QE, Sidle DM. Forehead Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2021; 24:34-40. [PMID: 33601981 DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Forehead reduction, or hairline lowering surgery, is becoming more popular as a cosmetic procedure for patients with disproportionately large foreheads. A large forehead can make a patient appear older, be masculinizing, and less attractive. Objective: To quantify reported outcomes in patients undergoing forehead reduction. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of adults undergoing forehead reduction. A review protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42020183366). A research librarian created search strategies in multiple databases. Abstracts and full texts were reviewed in duplicate. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool were used. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. The primary outcome was amount of reduction. Other extracted data included study type, location, sample size, scalp fixation method, incision, complications, follow-up time, percentage female, and age. Results: Our search strategy found 376 unique citations, and 8 studies were included. All eight were retrospective cohort studies, comprising 882 patients (range 5-525). Study quality was high, and risk of bias ranged from unclear to high. Four studies were included for meta-analysis, totaling 801 patients. Mean amount of reduction was 1.6 cm (95% confidence interval: 1.4-1.8). Complications included temporary and permanent alopecia, unacceptable scarring, persistent paresthesia, and hematoma. The pooled complication rate was 1% or less. Conclusion: Forehead reduction is associated with a low complication rate (<1%), and a mean lowering of 1.6 cm is reported. Future studies should report mean and standard deviation of reduction, and should follow patients for at least 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Vila
- Vila Facial Plastic Surgery, San Rafael, California, USA
| | - Shaan N Somani
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas M Sidle
- Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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19
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Simon MA, O’Brian CA, Tom L, Wafford QE, Mack S, Mendez SR, Nava M, Dahdouh R, Paul-Brutus R, Carpenter KH, Kern B, Holmes KL. Development of a web tool to increase research literacy in underserved populations through public library partnerships. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246098. [PMID: 33534794 PMCID: PMC7857632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadequate diversity in clinical trials is widely recognized as a significant contributing factor to health disparities experienced by racial/ethnic minorities and other diverse populations in the US. To address this in a scalable way, we sought to develop a web tool that could help enhance underserved minority participation in clinical research. METHODS We used our research literacy support flashcard tool as the initial prototype for human-centered design and usability testing of the web tool Health for All in public library settings. After forming partnerships with leadership from Chicago Public Libraries (CPL), local medical libraries, and the Chicago Department of Public Health, we conducted seven iterative design sessions with focus groups of library patrons and library staff from six CPL branches serving underserved communities followed by two rounds of usability testing and website modification. RESULTS Based on the qualitative research findings from Design Sessions 1-7, we enacted the design decision of a website that was a hybrid of fact-filled and vignette (personal stories) paper prototypes divided into 4 modules (trust, diversity, healthy volunteers, pros/cons), each with their own outcome metrics. The website was thus constructed, and navigation issues identified in two rounds of usability testing by library patrons were addressed through further website modification, followed by the launch of a beta version of a hybridized single-scrolling and guided module prototype to allow further development with website analytics. CONCLUSIONS We report the development of Health for All, a website designed to enhance racial/ethnic minority participation in clinical trials by imparting research literacy, mitigating distrust engendered by longstanding racism and discrimination, and providing connections to clinical trials recruiting participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Simon
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. O’Brian
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laura Tom
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Q. Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shenita Mack
- Chicago Public Library, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel R. Mendez
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Nava
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rabih Dahdouh
- Center for Health Equity Transformation and Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rachelle Paul-Brutus
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathryn H. Carpenter
- University Library, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Barbara Kern
- The John Crerar Library, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kristi L. Holmes
- Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Simon MA, O'Brian CA, Nava M, Dahdouh R, Wafford QE, Mack S, Holmes KL. Public Libraries as Key Partners for Advancing Health Equity. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:40-42. [PMID: 33326277 PMCID: PMC7750584 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Simon
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Catherine A O'Brian
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Magdalena Nava
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Rabih Dahdouh
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Shenita Mack
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
| | - Kristi L Holmes
- Melissa A. Simon, Catherine A. O'Brian, Magdalena Nava, and Rabih Dahdouh are with the Center for Health Equity Transformation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. Q. Eileen Wafford and Kristi L. Holmes are with the Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Feinberg School of Medicine. Shenita Mack is with the Chicago Public Library, Chicago
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Stiles-Shields C, Crowe AN, Driscoll CFB, Ohanian DM, Stern A, Wartman E, Winning AM, Wafford QE, Lattie EG, Holmbeck GN. A Systematic Review of Behavioral Intervention Technologies for Youth With Chronic Health Conditions and Physical and Intellectual Disabilities: Implications for Adolescents and Young Adults With Spina Bifida. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 44:349-362. [PMID: 30561676 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioral intervention technologies (BITs) stand as a promising delivery mechanism that overcomes multiple condition-specific and access barriers for self-management interventions for adolescents and young adults with spina bifida (AYA-SB). The purpose of the current review was to synthesize the behavioral and self-management intervention literature in conditions that have overlapping symptoms with youth with SB and to develop a model of likely user needs for AYA-SB that promotes self-management. METHOD The search strategy was conducted by a medical research librarian in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EbscoHost), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) databases. The review was based on a systematic narrative synthesis framework and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number CRD42018092342). RESULTS In total, 18 articles were included in the current BIT review. The majority of included studies (1) targeted the management of chronic health conditions, (2) were informed by evidence-based approaches, (3) relied on content delivery, (4) were Web-based, (5) used linear or user-driven workflows, (6) included professional human support, and (7) included a control condition. CONCLUSIONS Many of the evaluated BITs resulted in acceptable usage and maintained or improved targeted symptoms. A user needs model for AYA-SB is proposed with the intention that future research will promote further refinement and ultimate deployment of a BIT for AYA-SB to promote self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexa Stern
- Psychology Department, Loyola University Chicago
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Corkum KS, Rhee DS, Wafford QE, Demeestere I, Dasgupta R, Baertschiger R, Malek MM, Aldrink JH, Heaton TE, Weil BR, Madonna MB, Lautz TB. Fertility and hormone preservation and restoration for female children and adolescents receiving gonadotoxic cancer treatments: A systematic review. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:2200-2209. [PMID: 30773394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review by the American Pediatric Surgical Cancer Committee was to summarize evidence from the current medical literature regarding fertility restoration and hormone replacement for female children and adolescents treated with gonadotoxic treatments. METHODS Using PRISMA guidelines, questions were addressed by searching Medline, Cochrane, Embase Central and National clearing house databases using relevant search terms. Eligible studies included those that addressed ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), oocyte harvest, ovarian transposition, and ovarian tissue auto-transplantation for females under the age of 20. Four reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Study outcomes were summarized in a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Two thousand two hundred seventy-six studies were identified by database search and manual review and 2185 were eliminated based on defined exclusion criteria. Ninety-one studies served as the basis for the systematic review. There were 1019 patients who underwent OTC with ages ranging from 0.4 to 20.4 years old, with 298 under the age of 13. Twenty patients aged 13-20 years old underwent successful oocyte harvest. Thirty-seven children underwent ovarian transposition as a means of fertility preservation. Eighteen patients underwent auto-transplantation of thawed ovarian cortical tissue that was harvested before the age of 21 years resulting in 10 live births. CONCLUSIONS Clinically accepted and experimental fertility preservation options such as OTC, oocyte cryopreservation, and ovarian transposition are available to females aged 20 years and younger who are at risk for premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility due to gonadotoxic treatments. There is a large cohort of pediatric-aged patients, with a wide variety of diagnoses and treatments, who have undergone fertility preservation. Currently, fertility and hormone restoration experience for patients who were 20- years of age or younger at the time of fertility preservation remains limited. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine S Corkum
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel S Rhee
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Isabelle Demeestere
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Université Libre de Bruxelles, (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Reto Baertschiger
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Marcus M Malek
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Todd E Heaton
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brent R Weil
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Timothy B Lautz
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Champion KE, Parmenter B, McGowan C, Spring B, Wafford QE, Gardner LA, Thornton L, McBride N, Barrett EL, Teesson M, Newton NC, Chapman C, Slade T, Sunderland M, Bauer J, Allsop S, Hides L, Stapinksi L, Birrell L, Mewton L. Effectiveness of school-based eHealth interventions to prevent multiple lifestyle risk behaviours among adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Digital Health 2019; 1:e206-e221. [DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(19)30088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lattie EG, Adkins EC, Winquist N, Stiles-Shields C, Wafford QE, Graham AK. Digital Mental Health Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Enhancement of Psychological Well-Being Among College Students: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e12869. [PMID: 31333198 PMCID: PMC6681642 DOI: 10.2196/12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are increasingly reporting common mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, and they frequently encounter barriers to seeking traditional mental health treatments. Digital mental health interventions, such as those delivered via the Web and apps, offer the potential to improve access to mental health treatment. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the literature on digital mental health interventions focused on depression, anxiety, and enhancement of psychological well-being among samples of college students to identify the effectiveness, usability, acceptability, uptake, and adoption of such programs. METHODS We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (registration number CRD42018092800), and the search strategy was conducted by a medical research librarian in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EbscoHost), the Cochrane Library (Wiley), and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) from the date of inception to April 2019. Data were synthesized using a systematic narrative synthesis framework, and formal quality assessments were conducted to address the risk of bias. RESULTS A total of 89 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of interventions (71/89, 80%) were delivered via a website, and the most common intervention was internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (28, 31%). Many programs (33, 37%) featured human support in the form of coaching. The majority of programs were either effective (42, 47%) or partially effective (30, 34%) in producing beneficial changes in the main psychological outcome variables. Approximately half of the studies (45, 51%) did not present any usability or acceptability outcomes, and few studies (4, 4%) examined a broad implementation of digital mental health interventions on college campuses. Quality assessments revealed a moderate-to-severe risk of bias in many of the studies. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that digital mental health interventions can be effective for improving depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being among college students, but more rigorous studies are needed to ascertain the effective elements of these interventions. Continued research on improving the user experience of, and thus user engagement with, these programs appears vital for the sustainable implementation of digital mental health interventions on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Lattie
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Adkins
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nathan Winquist
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Colleen Stiles-Shields
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrea K Graham
- Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wright NJ, Langer M, Norman IC, Akhbari M, Wafford QE, Ade-Ajayi N, Davies J, Poenaru D, Sevdalis N, Leather A. Improving outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Paediatr Open 2018; 2:e000392. [PMID: 30687800 PMCID: PMC6326322 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a significant disparity in outcomes for neonates with gastroschisis in high-income countries (HICs) compared with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many LMICs report mortality rates between 75% and 100% compared with <4% in HICs. AIM To undertake a systematic review identifying postnatal interventions associated with improved outcomes for gastroschisis in LMICs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Three search strings will be combined: (1) neonates; (2) gastroschisis and other gastrointestinal congenital anomalies requiring similar surgical care; (3) LMICs. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis Global, and the Cochrane Library. Grey literature will be identified through Open-Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry and ISRCTN registry (Springer Nature). Additional studies will be sought from reference lists of included studies. Study screening, selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality will be undertaken by two reviewers independently and team consensus sought on discrepancies. The primary outcome of interest is mortality. Secondary outcomes include complications, requirement for ventilation, parenteral nutrition duration and length of hospital stay. Tertiary outcomes include service delivery and implementation outcomes. The methodology of the studies will be appraised. Descriptive statistics and outcomes will be summarised and discussed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required since no new data are being collected. Dissemination will be via open access publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal and distribution among global health, global surgery and children's surgical collaborations and international conferences. CONCLUSION This study will systematically review literature focused on postnatal interventions to improve outcomes from gastroschisis in LMICs. Findings can be used to help inform quality improvement projects in low-resource settings for patients with gastroschisis. In the first instance, results will be used to inform a Wellcome Trust-funded multicentre clinical interventional study aimed at improving outcomes for gastroschisis across sub-Saharan Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018095349.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Wright
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Irena Cf Norman
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Melika Akhbari
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Niyi Ade-Ajayi
- Paediatric Surgery Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Justine Davies
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Sevdalis
- Centre for Implementation Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Leather
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Champion KE, Newton NC, Spring B, Wafford QE, Parmenter BJ, Teesson M. A systematic review of school-based eHealth interventions targeting alcohol use, smoking, physical inactivity, diet, sedentary behaviour and sleep among adolescents: a review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:246. [PMID: 29208040 PMCID: PMC5717802 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0645-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Six key behavioural risk factors (risky alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and unhealthy sleep patterns) have been identified as strong determinants of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancers. School-based interventions targeting these multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents have the potential to halt the trajectory towards later disease, whilst online and mobile technology interventions offer advantages in terms of student engagement, reach and scalability. Despite this, the efficacy of eHealth school-based interventions targeting these six health risk behaviours among adolescents has not been evaluated. The proposed systematic review aims to address this by determining the nature and efficacy of existing eHealth school-based interventions targeting multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents. METHODS A systematic search of the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases will be conducted to identify eligible published papers. Eligible studies will be randomised controlled trials, including cluster randomised controlled trials, of interventions targeting two or more of the following lifestyle risk behaviours: alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. Eligible studies will be those evaluating interventions delivered in a secondary school setting among participants 11-18 years of age, via an eHealth platform (Internet, computers of mobile technology). Two reviewers will independently screen studies for eligibility, extract data and assess the risk of bias. Study outcomes will be summarised in a narrative synthesis, and meta-analyses will be conducted where it is appropriate to combine studies. DISCUSSION It is anticipated that the results from this review will serve to inform the development of future eHealth multiple health behaviour interventions for adolescents by identifying common characteristics of effective programs and highlighting knowledge gaps in the evidence base. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017072163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Champion
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, NDARC, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nicola C Newton
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, NDARC, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bonnie Spring
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Maree Teesson
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, NDARC, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Sita TL, Petras KG, Wafford QE, Berendsen MA, Kruser TJ. Radiotherapy for cranial and brain metastases from prostate cancer: a systematic review. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:531-538. [PMID: 28547593 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer is rare. As treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer improves, the incidence of men with intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer is increasing. Radiation therapy for treatment of intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer is systematically reviewed. A comprehensive review examining peer-reviewed, English language articles from 1990 to 2015 was performed on multiple databases, yielding 1274 articles. These articles were reviewed and selected for studies that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) patients with intracranial metastases from prostate cancer; (2) patients underwent radiation therapy as primary or adjuvant therapy; (3) the sample size of patients was larger than 2. All studies that met inclusion criteria utilized whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in at least one patient. Other treatment regimens included stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), surgical resection followed by WBRT, as well as concurrent cabazitaxel and WBRT. The range of average time from initial diagnosis of prostate cancer to diagnosis of brain metastasis was 29-45 months. The range of reported median survival time after WBRT was 4-9 months, whereas median survivals after SRS ranged from 9 to 13 months. Intracranial metastases from prostate cancer occur late in the disease process, and are increasing as novel therapies for metastatic disease prolong survival. The reviewed literature suggests that outcomes of patients with prostate cancer intracranial metastases appear similar to those of intracranial metastases from other histologies. Prospective examinations of systemic therapies that cross the blood-brain barrier in conjunction with targeted radiotherapy appear warranted for this increasingly common clinical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Sita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Galter Pavilion LC-178, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Katarina G Petras
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Galter Pavilion LC-178, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Q Eileen Wafford
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A Berendsen
- Galter Health Sciences Library, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tim J Kruser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Galter Pavilion LC-178, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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