126
|
Li C, Lee KH. Affinity depletion of albumin from human cerebrospinal fluid using Cibacron-blue-3G-A-derivatized photopatterned copolymer in a microfluidic device. Anal Biochem 2004; 333:381-8. [PMID: 15450816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the context of proteomic research, affinity separations for the prefractionation of complex mixtures, such as cell lysates or human tissues, have become increasingly important. Microfluidic devices have shown significant potential to achieve fast analysis and low sample consumption. Here, we demonstrate the use of a microfluidic device to achieve affinity capture of albumin from human cerebrospinal fluid. Traditional photolithography and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate devices from borosilicate glass wafers. Monolithic porous polymer was prepared in a microfluidic channel by photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. After derivatization with Cibacron-blue-3G-A, the modified polymer was used to achieve affinity capture of lysozyme and human albumin. Both fluorescence detection and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry were used to validate the results.
Collapse
|
127
|
Solovykh GN, Korobov VP, Karnaukhova IV, Lemkina LM, Ushakova EI, Ustinova GM, Minakova VV. [Lysozyme of the mollusk Unio pictorum and the sensitivity of alkanotrophic rhodococci to its effect]. PRIKLADNAIA BIOKHIMIIA I MIKROBIOLOGIIA 2004; 40:558-66. [PMID: 15553788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
A preparation of lysozyme from a freshwater bivalve, Unio pictorum, has been isolated by sorption to chitin, and its physicochemical properties have been studied. An assessment of the sensitivity of 48 strains of rhodococci, belonging to the species Rhodococcus rubber, R. luteus, and R. erythropolis (Specialized Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms of the Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences), which were isolated from diverse natural waters, to lysozyme of the mollusk Unio pictorum demonstrated that the three species differ in their sensitivity to its effects. The high resistance of rhodococci to lysozyme is indicative of their considerable permanence in hydrobiocenoses (and, therefore, ability to maintain self-purification of microbiocenoses from hydrocarbons).
Collapse
|
128
|
Xue QG, Schey KL, Volety AK, Chu FLE, La Peyre JF. Purification and characterization of lysozyme from plasma of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2004; 139:11-25. [PMID: 15364284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme was purified from the plasma of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) using a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. The molecular mass of purified lysozyme was estimated at 18.4 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and its isoelectric point was greater than 10. Mass spectrometric analysis of the purified enzyme revealed a high-sequence homology with i-type lysozymes. No similarity was found however between the N-terminal sequence of oyster plasma lysozyme and N-terminal sequences of other i-type lysozymes, suggesting that the N-terminal sequences of the i-type lysozymes may vary to a greater extent between species than reported in earlier studies. The optimal ionic strength, pH, cation concentrations, sea salt concentrations, and temperature for activity of the purified lysozyme were determined, as well as its temperature and pH stability. Purified oyster plasma lysozyme inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., Lactococcus garvieae, Enterococcus sp.) and Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus). This is a first report of a lysozyme purified from an oyster species and from the plasma of a bivalve mollusc.
Collapse
|
129
|
Tong XD, Sun Y. Application of magnetic agarose support in liquid magnetically stabilized fluidized bed for protein adsorption. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 19:1721-7. [PMID: 14656147 DOI: 10.1021/bp030028p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel magnetic agarose support (MAS) was fabricated for application in a liquid magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB). It was produced by water-in-oil emulsification method using a mixture of agarose solution and nanometer-sized superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) particles as the aqueous phase. The MAS showed good superparamagnetic responsiveness in a magnetic field. A reactive triazine dye, Cibacron blue 3GA (CB), was coupled to the gel to prepare a CB-modified magnetic agarose support (CB-MAS) for protein adsorption. Lysozyme was used as a model protein to test the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of the CB-MAS. The dependence of bed expansion in the MSFB with a transverse magnetic field on liquid velocity and magnetic field intensity was investigated. Liquid-phase dispersion behavior in the MSFB was examined by measurements of residence time distributions and compared with that obtained in packed and expanded beds. Dynamic lysozyme adsorption in the MSFB was also compared with those in packed and expanded beds. The dynamic binding capacity at 10% breakthrough was estimated at 55.8 mg/mL in the MSFB, higher than that in the expanded bed (31.1 mg/mL) at a liquid velocity of 45 cm/h. The results indicate that the CB-MAS is promising for use in liquid MSFB for protein adsorption.
Collapse
|
130
|
Saito A, Sako Y, Usui M, Azakami H, Kato A. Functional properties of glycosylated lysozyme secreted in Pichia pastoris. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2004; 67:2334-43. [PMID: 14646191 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Various mutant lysozymes having the N-glycosylation signal sequence, R21T (Asn(19)-Tyr(20)-Thr(21)), G49N (Asn(49)- Ser(50)-Thr(51)), R21T/G49N (Asn(19)-Tyr(20)-Thr(21)/Asn(49)-Ser(50)-Thr(51)), were secreted in the Pichia pastoris expression system. The secreted amounts of these mutant glycosylated lysozymes were almost the same as those of wild-type lysozyme (about 30 mg/liter). Glycosylation of the mutant lysozymes was confirmed by SDS-PAGE patterns, Endo-H treatment, TOF-MS analysis and chemical analysis. The composition of the carbohydrate chain attached to the single glycosylated lysozymes, R21T and G49N, was GlcNAc(2)Man(9-11), while that of the double glycosylated lysozyme, R21T/G49N, was GlcNAc(4)Man(27-32). The results of a CD analysis and lytic activity suggested that the conformation of the single glycosylated lysozymes had been conserved, while that of the double glycosylated lysozyme was less stable. The emulsifying properties of the lysozyme when glycosylated were greatly improved, being especially noteworthy in the double glycosylated lysozyme.
Collapse
|
131
|
Takeshita K, Hashimoto Y, Thujihata Y, So T, Ueda T, Iomoto T. Determination of the complete cDNA sequence, construction of expression systems, and elucidation of fibrinolytic activity for Tapes japonica lysozyme. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 36:254-62. [PMID: 15249048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lysozyme of the marine bivalve, Tapes japonica (13.8 kDa), belongs to the invertebrate lysozyme family and displays both chitinase and isopeptidase activities. We determined the complete cDNA sequence and constructed effective expression systems for this enzyme using Escherichia coli (BL21) and Pichia pastoris. The native and recombinant proteins indicated lysozyme activity and isopeptidase activity, including the proteolysis of d-dimer, a plasminolytic product of stabilized polymeric fibrin. These results will be utilized for the structural and functional study of invertebrate lysozymes, and for the development of applications for thrombosis therapies.
Collapse
|
132
|
Chowdhury FA, Fairman R, Bi Y, Rigotti DJ, Raleigh DP. Protein Dissection Experiments Reveal Key Differences in the Equilibrium Folding of α-Lactalbumin and the Calcium Binding Lysozymes. Biochemistry 2004; 43:9961-7. [PMID: 15287723 DOI: 10.1021/bi049277s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The alpha-lactalbumins and c-type lysozymes have virtually identical structure but exhibit very different folding behavior. All alpha-lactalbumins form a well populated molten globule state, while most of the lysozymes do not. alpha-Lactalbumin consists of two subdomains, and the alpha-subdomain is considerably more structured in the molten globule state than the beta-subdomain. Constructs derived from the alpha-subdomain of human alpha-lactalbumin containing the A, B, D, and 3(10) helices are known to form a molten globule state in the absence of the rest of the protein (Demarest, S. et al. (1999) J. Mol. Biol. 294, 213-221). Here we reported comparative studies of constructs derived from the same regions of canine and equine lysozymes. These proteins form two of the most stable molten globule states among all the lysozymes. A construct containing the A, B, D, and 3(10) helices of equine lysozyme is partially helical but is less structured than the corresponding human alpha-lactalbumin peptide. Addition of the C-helix leads to a construct that is still less structured and less stable than the alpha-lactalbumin construct. The corresponding construct from canine lysozyme is also less structured and less stable than the alpha-lactalbumin peptide. Thus, molten globule formation in human alpha-lactalbumin can be driven by the isolated alpha-subdomain, while more extensive interactions are required to generate a stable molten globule in the two lysozymes. The stability of the canine and equine lysozyme constructs is similar, indicating that the extraordinary stability of the canine lysozyme molten globule is not due to an unusually stable isolated alpha-subdomain.
Collapse
|
133
|
Ke C, Bai Q, Geng X. Design and resolution of a simple-type column for renaturation with simultaneous purification of proteins and its application to lysozyme refolding. Se Pu 2004; 22:394-8. [PMID: 15709418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new kind of column called simple-type chromatographic column using the packings of large particles, which resembles columns used in traditional low pressure liquid chromatography in both shape and operation but has resolution of biopolymers similar to high performance liquid chromatography, was designed and investigated. In addition, so long as a suitable stationary phase, such as hydrophobic interaction chromatographic stationary phase, is packed, the column can be employed for the purification with simultaneous renaturation of proteins. The structure, operation and characteristics of the designed column including pressure drop, column life, and resolution were investigated. Lysozyme was selected as the model protein for investigating the renaturation. The recoveries of mass and bioactivity were found to be (96.6 +/- 1.3)% and (101.1 +/- 6.0)% respectively when the original concentration of lysozyme was 50.0 g/L. The simple-type column is very cheap and easy to use, and can be applied to the purification of proteins under the condition of low pressure. Thus, it has great potential applications for the purification and/or renaturation of proteins in large scale, down-stream processing of therapeutic proteins in biotechnology.
Collapse
|
134
|
Liu HL, Hsieh WC, Liu HS. Molecular Dynamics Simulations To Determine the Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Structural Integrity of Hen Egg White Lysozyme. Biotechnol Prog 2004; 20:930-8. [PMID: 15176901 DOI: 10.1021/bp034313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on the structural integrity of hen egg white lysozyme. The analyses of backbone root-mean-square deviation, radius of gyration, and secondary structure stability all show that supercritical CO(2) exhibits the ability to increase the stability of this protein, probably as a result of the solvent with less polarity, where hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the native structure are weakened and simultaneously the local hydrogen bonds are strengthened, resulting in stabilization of the secondary structures. The hydrophobic cores in the alpha- and beta-domains also play an important role in preventing this protein from thermal unfolding. As supercritical CO(2) has been attractive for biomedical applications because of the advantages of mild critical condition, nonflammability, nontoxity, and the purity of the resulting products, the structural stabilizing effect found in this study strongly suggests that it is possible to increase the thermostability of hen egg white lysozyme by pretreatment with supercritical CO(2), leading to better industrial applications of this protein.
Collapse
|
135
|
Arica MY, Yilmaz M, Yalçin E, Bayramoğlu G. Affinity membrane chromatography: relationship of dye-ligand type to surface polarity and their effect on lysozyme separation and purification. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 805:315-23. [PMID: 15135107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two different dye-ligands, i.e. Procion Brown MX-5BR (RB-10) and Procion Green H-4G (RG-5) were immobilised onto poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes. The polarities of the affinity membranes were determined by contact angle measurements. Separation and purification of lysozyme from solution and egg white were investigated. The adsorption data was analysed using two adsorption kinetic models the first order and the second order to determine the best-fit equation for the separation of lysozyme using affinity membranes. The second-order equation for the adsorption of lysozyme on the RB-10 and RG-5 immobilised membranes systems is the most appropriate equation to predict the adsorption capacity for the affinity membranes. The reversible lysozyme adsorption on the RB-10 and RG-5 did not follow the Langmuir model, but obeyed the Temkin and Freundlich isotherm model. Separation and purification were monitored by determining the lysozyme activity using Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate. The purities of the eluted lysozyme, as determined by HPLC, were 76 and 92% with recovery 63 and 77% for RB-10 and RG-5 membranes, respectively. For the separation and purification of lysozyme the RG-5 immobilised membrane provided the best results. The affinity membranes are stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated adsorption-elution cycles.
Collapse
|
136
|
Xiao D, Le TV, Wirth MJ. Surface Modification of the Channels of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Chips with Polyacrylamide for Fast Electrophoretic Separations of Proteins. Anal Chem 2004; 76:2055-61. [PMID: 15053671 DOI: 10.1021/ac035254s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electrophoresis of proteins was investigated using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chips whose surfaces were modified with polyacrylamide through atom-transfer radical polymerization. PDMS microchips were made using a glass replica to mold channels 10 microm high and 30 microm wide, with a T-intersection. The surface modification of the channels involved surface oxidation, followed by the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of benzyl chloride initiators, and then atom-transfer radical polymerization to grow a thin layer of covalently bonded polyacrylamide. The channels filled spontaneously with aqueous buffer due to the hydrophilicity of the coating. The resistance to protein adsorption was studied by open-channel electrophoresis for bovine serum albumin labeled with fluorophor. A plate height of 30 microm, corresponding to an efficiency of 33 000 plates/m, was obtained for field strengths from 18 to 889 V/cm. The lack of dependence of plate height on field strength indicates that there is no detectable contribution to broadening from adsorption. A 2- to 3-fold larger plate height was obtained for electrophoresis in a 50-cm polyacrylamide-coated silica capillary, and the shape of the electropherogram indicated the efficiency is limited by a distribution of species. The commercial capillary exhibited both reversible and irreversible adsorption of protein, whereas the PDMS microchip exhibited neither. A separation of lysozyme and cytochrome c in 35 s was demonstrated for the PDMS microchip.
Collapse
|
137
|
Haug T, Stensvåg K, Olsen M ØM, Sandsdalen E, Styrvold OB. Antibacterial activities in various tissues of the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus. J Invertebr Pathol 2004; 85:112-9. [PMID: 15050841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2004.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A search for antibacterial activity in different organs/tissues of the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus, was conducted. Dried samples were extracted with 60% (v/v) acetonitrile, containing 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid. Due to high salt content, two liquid phases were obtained; an acetonitrile-rich phase (ACN extract) and an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase was further subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE). Eluates from SPE and ACN extracts were tested for antibacterial, lysozyme, and toxic activity. Antibacterial activity was demonstrated in extracts from several tissues, including plasma, haemocytes, labial palps, byssus, mantle, and gills. Some of the extracts were sensitive to proteinase K treatment, indicating antibacterial peptides and/or proteins. Lysozyme-like activity and toxic activity against Artemia salina nauplii was detected in fractions from the gills, mantle, muscle, and haemocytes. Results from this study indicate that M. modiolus is a promising source for identifying novel drug lead compounds.
Collapse
|
138
|
Cooke DG, Flight S, Smales CM, Blackwell LF. Use of defined estrone glucuronide-hen egg white lysozyme conjugates as signal generators in homogeneous enzyme immunoassays for urinary estrone glucuronide. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2004; 24:147-72. [PMID: 12778969 DOI: 10.1081/ias-120020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Three structurally characterized estrone glucuronide-lysozyme conjugates, E1 (a 60:40 mixture acylated at K3 and K97), E3 (acylated at K33), and E5 (acylated at both K33 and K97) were isolated and purified using a combination of cation-exchange chromatography on S-sepaharose in 7M urea and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on butyl sepharose. Urea was essential to separate the conjugates into six chromatographically homogeneous fractions. In the absence of urea, complex mixtures of lysozyme and the six conjugate fractions were always encountered. The E1, E3, and E5 conjugates were highly inhibited by a sheep polyclonal anti-estrone glucuronide antibody only after the hydrophobic interaction chromatography step. The high level of inhibition enabled all three conjugates to be utilized as signal generators in homogenous enzyme immunoassays for urinary estrone glucuronide. Despite the apparently higher affinity of E3 for the antibody, both E1 and E3 gave standard curves that were indistinguishable provided that 1.7-fold more antiserum was used for E1. Both E1 and E3 yielded menstrual cycle urinary data that agreed with that provided by the Ovarian Monitor pre-coated assay tubes. Although, the menstrual cycle pattern was similar for the three signal generators, the E1G excretion rates yielded by E5 as the signal generator were only 60% of the reference values. Despite structural differences, there was no advantage gained in separating E1 and E3, but higher substituted conjugates such as E5 need removal for best assay performance.
Collapse
|
139
|
Jones TT, Fernandez EJ. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography selectivity changes among three stable proteins: conformation does not play a major role. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:388-99. [PMID: 15281113 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interesting retention and selectivity changes have been noted for a number of proteins in hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). In this study, we investigated the degree to which conformational changes may be responsible for selectivity changes of stable proteins. Hydrogen-deuterium isotope exchange detected by mass spectrometry was used to investigate changes in solvent accessibility during adsorption on HIC media. Lysozyme was determined to exhibit EX2 hydrogen exchange kinetics both in solution and adsorbed to Butyl Sepharose 4 Fast Flow and Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow high sub surfaces. A small, but significant, increase in solvent accessibility was observed upon adsorption. Similar approaches were used to analyze solvent accessibility of three stable proteins with melting temperatures above 50 degrees C exhibiting significant selectivity changes on Butyl Sepharose and Toyopearl Butyl 650M. While all three proteins (lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen A, and ovalbumin) exhibited enhanced exchange while adsorbed, no differences in solvent accessibility on the different adsorbents were observed. More detailed studies of lysozyme showed no significant changes in labeling prior or during elution. These results demonstrate that HIC surfaces examined here do not dramatically alter the structure of these stable proteins and that differences in conformation are not responsible for the selectivity changes observed. Thus, other factors such as different preferred binding orientations or variations between the media pore structure, size, and/or surface chemistry must be responsible.
Collapse
|
140
|
Bachali S, Bailly X, Jollès J, Jollès P, Deutsch JS. The lysozyme of the starfish Asterias rubens. A paradigmatic type i lysozyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 271:237-42. [PMID: 14717691 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03915.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a partial N-terminal sequence, Jollès and Jollès previously proposed that the lysozyme from the starfish Asterias rubens represents a new form of lysozyme, called type i (invertebrate) lysozyme. Indeed, it differed from both the types c (chicken) and g (goose) known in other animals, as well as from plant and phage lysozymes. Recently, several proteins belonging to the same family have been isolated from protostomes. Here we report the complete mature protein sequence and cDNA sequence of the lysozyme from Asterias. These sequences vindicate the previously proposed homology between the starfish, a deuterostome, and protostome lysozymes. In addition, we present a structural analysis that allows us to postulate upon the function of several conserved residues.
Collapse
|
141
|
Tessier PM, Verruto VJ, Sandler SI, Lenhoff AM. Correlation of diafiltration sieving behavior of lysozyme-BSA mixtures with osmotic second virial cross-coefficients. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:303-10. [PMID: 15281105 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of protein-protein interactions in membrane separations of protein mixtures remains incompletely understood, largely due to the difficulty of characterizing protein self- and, especially, cross-association. Recently, a novel technique, cross-interaction chromatography, has been developed to measure weak protein cross-association in terms of the osmotic second virial cross-coefficient. In this work the relationship between protein cross-association and the sieving behavior of lysozyme in the presence of BSA has been investigated. Sieving coefficients were measured using a stirred diafiltration cell over a range of pH and ionic strength, and a striking correlation between the lysozyme sieving and second virial cross-coefficients for BSA/lysozyme mixtures has been found: when the protein cross-interactions are most attractive (negative second virial cross-coefficient), the lysozyme sieving coefficients are lowest, and vice versa. The correlation between the sieving and second virial cross-coefficients may be due to the physically similar environments in the chromatography and filtration experiments since one protein is passed through a concentrated region of the second protein either immobilized on the column or accumulated at the membrane surface, and the migration rate of the mobile protein in both cases is influenced by protein cross-association. This study represents the first time that molecular interactions in binary mixtures have been related directly to filtration behavior, and may provide a useful approach to optimize the separation of other binary protein mixtures.
Collapse
|
142
|
Jado I, López R, García E, Fenoll A, Casal J, García P. Phage lytic enzymes as therapy for antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a murine sepsis model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 52:967-73. [PMID: 14613958 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Phage-coded lysins, i.e. murein hydrolases, are enzymes that destroy the cell wall of bacteria. A rapid killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of mice has been described recently using a phage-coded murein hydrolase (enzybiotic). The in vivo effects of a dose-ranging treatment, using either of the phage-coded lytic enzymes Cpl-1 lysozyme or the Pal amidase, have been investigated here in a murine sepsis model. METHODS Purified Pal amidase and/or Cpl-1 lysozyme were used alone or in combination. These enzymes were injected intraperitoneally at different times after challenge with 5 x 10(7) cfu of a type 6B, antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae clinical isolate. RESULTS Animals challenged with 5 x 10(7) cfu of this strain alone died within 72 h, whereas a single intraperitoneal injection of Cpl-1 or Pal (200 microg; 1100 U) administered 1 h after the bacterial challenge was sufficient to effectively protect the mice, according to unpaired t-test (P<0.0001). Bacteraemia in unprotected mice reached colony counts >10(7) cfu/mL, whereas the mean colony count in lysin-protected animals was <10(6) cfu/mL over time and ultimately became undetectable. Interestingly, a synergic effect in vivo was observed with the combined use of 2.5 microg each of Cpl-1 and Pal. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest strongly that phage lysins protect animals from bacteraemia and death. Moreover, the simultaneous attack of the pneumococcal peptidoglycan by a lysozyme and an amidase leads to a remarkable effect through enhanced destruction of the bacterial cell wall. The benefits of therapy with enzybiotics against pneumococcus reported here might warrant the examination of alternative strategies for the treatment of diseases caused by clinically relevant pathogens.
Collapse
|
143
|
Liang AH, Xue BY, Liang RX, Wang JH, Wang D. [Inhibitory effect of egg white lysozyme on ceftazidime-induced release of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2003; 38:801-4. [PMID: 14991988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of egg white lysozyme (LZM) on ceftazidime (CFT)-induced release of endotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inoculated in nutrition broth or diluted rabbit blood free of antibiotics in the presence or absence of LZM and incubated at 37 degrees C on a water bath shaker. beta-Lactam antibiotic, CFT, was added to cultures at 3.5 h (nutrition broth culture) or 5 h (diluted rabbit blood culture) after inoculation. After 3 h of CFT treatment, the supernatants from different bacterial cultures were prepared by centrifuge and the concentrations of endotoxin in the supernatants were measured. The bacterial supernatants were also added to a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 or intravenously injected into carrageenin-sensitized mice. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in RAW 264.7 supernatants or in mouse sera were tested. RESULTS CFT treatment alone obviously inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 accompanied by strong and rapid bacteriolysis and released relatively high concentration of endotoxin from bacteria both in nutrition broth and in diluted rabbit blood cultures. The bacterial supernatant from CFT treatment alone yielded high concentrations of TNF alpha both in RAW 264.7 cells and in mice and high level of NO in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with the combination of LZM and CFT evidently blocked the lysis of bacteria and reduced the release of endotoxin without decreasing bactericidal activity of CFT. TNF alpha and NO productivity of the supernatants prepared from the LZM/CFT combinative treated bacterial cultures were significantly decreased both in RAW 264.7 cells and in mice indicating that the inflammatory activity was reduced. CONCLUSION LZM can effectively prevent CFT-induced bacteriolysis, endotoxin release and subsequent proinflammatory factor production but without decreasing bactericidal activity of CFT, resulting in the disassociation of bactericidal activity and bacteriolysis. Thus, LZM might be important for preventing endotoxemia in Gram-negative sepsis with the treatment of antibiotics.
Collapse
|
144
|
Olsen ØM, Nilsen IW, Sletten K, Myrnes B. Multiple invertebrate lysozymes in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 136:107-15. [PMID: 12941644 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00174-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Initial analyses of lysozyme activities in individual blue mussels Mytilus edulis indicated variations in features of activity from the crystalline style to the remaining body parts (the soft body). Two separate larger scale lysozyme isolations were performed employing extracts from 1000 styles and 50 soft bodies, respectively. The soft body origin contained one, or one major, lysozyme that was purified to homogeneity. This 13 kDa protein, designated bm-lysozyme, was sequence-analysed and found to represent the product of a recently published invertebrate-type lysozyme gene from M. edulis. Three additional lysozymes were isolated from the style extract and one of them was fully purified. All four lysozymes showed different profiles of enzymatic features such as responses to pH, ionic strengths and divalent cations. From the results and the profound differences demonstrated we believe that the observed multiple forms of lysozyme activities in blue mussel reflect multiple genes instead of individual lysozyme variants and that the lysozymes serve different functions in the blue mussel.
Collapse
|
145
|
Takeshita K, Hashimoto Y, Ueda T, Imoto T. A small chimerically bifunctional monomeric protein: Tapes japonica lysozyme. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003; 60:1944-51. [PMID: 14523554 PMCID: PMC11138589 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-003-3082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The lysozyme of the marine bilave Tapes japonica (13.8 kDa) is a novel protein. The protein has 46% homology with the destabilase from medicinal leech that has isopeptidase activity. Based on these data, we confirmed hydrolysis activity of T. japonica lysozyme against three substrates: L-gamma-Glu-pNA, D-gamma-Glu-pNA, and epsilon-(gamma-Glu)-L-Lys. The optimal pH of chitinase and isopeptidase activity was 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. The isopeptidase activity was inhibited with serine protease inhibitor, but the lytic and chitinase activities were not. Moreover, only isopeptidase activity is decreased by lyophilization, but lytic and chitinase activities were not. We conclude that T. japonica lysozyme expresses isopeptidase and chitinase activity at different active sites.
Collapse
|
146
|
Chiku H, Matsui M, Murakami S, Kiyozumi Y, Mizukami F, Sakaguchi K. Zeolites as new chromatographic carriers for proteins--easy recovery of proteins adsorbed on zeolites by polyethylene glycol. Anal Biochem 2003; 318:80-5. [PMID: 12782034 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00164-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zeolites are able to adsorb proteins on their surface and might be suitable as a new type of chromatographic carrier material for proteins and for their conjugates (Matsui et al., Chem. Eur. J. 7 (2001) 1555-1560). Interestingly, maximum adsorption was observed at the isoelectric point (pI) of each protein. The current study was performed to investigate the desorption of proteins from the zeolites at pI. Proteins adsorbed to zeolites could be desorbed at pI by polyethylene glycol (PEG), but not by conventional eluents. The eluted proteins still retained their activities. The zeolite Na-BEA was an especially good composite for desorption by PEG. Using this method for the adsorption and desorption of proteins at pI, we succeeded in separating various proteins. The application of zeolites to biochemistry and biotechnology is also discussed.
Collapse
|
147
|
Abstract
A dual-gradient ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) refolding process has been successfully applied to renature lysozyme at high concentration. The different refolding components were separated by size-exclusion chromatography with low concentrations of urea and NaCl added into elution buffer. The hydrodynamic characteristics during separation and the hydrophobic properties of these components were also tested.
Collapse
|
148
|
Zavalova LL, Artamonova II, Berezhnoy SN, Tagaev AA, Baskova IP, Andersen J, Roepstorff P, Egorov TA. Multiple forms of medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 306:318-23. [PMID: 12788107 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Earlier, three genes Ds1, Ds2, and Ds3 encoding corresponding destabilase-lysozyme isoforms were identified. However only one form of the enzyme encoded by Ds3 gene coincided with the protein CNBr fragments [Mol. Gen. Genet. 253 (1996) 20]. In this work we found by ESI-TOF mass spectrometry that the enzyme preparation consists of at least three forms with molecular masses of 12677.6, 12839.7, and 12938.2Da, each of which contains seven disulfide bridges. Only one mass (12839.7Da) fits to the calculated mass for the protein encoded by Ds3 gene. Further analysis of the CNBr fragments of the enzyme showed the heterogeneity of large 5.5 kDa peptide at positions 64 (threonine or arginine) and 67 (histidine or arginine) in the wild-type amino acid sequence. One CNBr peptide, with Arg and His at positions 64 and 67, respectively, correlates in the molecular mass with the protein encoded by Ds3. In addition, we have found a new acid form of destabilase-lysozyme, P-Ac, which differs from all known destabilase-lysozyme structures by its N-terminal amino acid sequence.
Collapse
|
149
|
Shin YO, Weber ME, Vera JH. Reverse micellar extraction and precipitation of lysozyme using sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate. Biotechnol Prog 2003; 19:928-35. [PMID: 12790659 DOI: 10.1021/bp025789r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, referred to as Aerosol-OT or AOT, was used to remove lysozyme from an aqueous phase via reverse micellar extraction and precipitation method. For both methods, when the surfactant was in excess, a complete removal of lysozyme from the aqueous phase was obtained at the values of pH below the pI of lysozyme. However, for the reverse micellar method, a solubilization limit of lysozyme in the organic phase was observed, and a white precipitate was formed at the aqueous-organic interface. This observation suggested using AOT directly as a precipitating ligand. The lysozyme precipitated with AOT was fully recovered, with its original enzymatic activity, using acetone as a recovery solvent. A mechanism is suggested to explain the solubilization of lysozyme in an AOT reverse micellar system. It is shown that a direct precipitation method can be used with advantage instead of using the reverse micellar extraction method to recover lysozyme from an aqueous phase.
Collapse
|
150
|
von Horsten HH. An agarose gel subfractionation technique for the recovery of low-abundance proteins. Anal Biochem 2003; 316:139-41. [PMID: 12694738 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|