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Garg S, Saha PK, Ramamurthy T, Deb BC, Nair GB, Shimada T, Takeda Y. Nationwide prevalence of the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in India. J Infect 1993; 27:108-9. [PMID: 8370938 DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(93)94398-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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302
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Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya MK, Nair GB, Dutta D, Deb A, Ramamurthy T, Garg S, Saha PK, Dutta P, Moitra A. Clinical profile of acute diarrhoea cases infected with the new epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae O139: designation of the disease as cholera. J Infect 1993; 27:11-5. [PMID: 8370939 DOI: 10.1016/0163-4453(93)93488-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 113 patients suffering from acute watery diarrhoea caused by the novel epidemic strain of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, currently assigned to a new serogroup O139, were investigated in order to determine the clinical presentation of the new epidemic strain causing outbreaks of cholera-like infection in the Indian subcontinent. Estimations of electrolyte concentration in serum and stool were also performed in a representative number of the above cases. The clinical features and blood and stool biochemical parameters of V. cholerae serogroup O139 diarrhoeal patients were indistinguishable from those in typical cholera, except for 44.3% cases infected by O139 had abdominal cramps. In view of the above, we propose to designate the disease caused by V. cholerae O139 as cholera.
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Dubey R, Jalili VP, Garg S. Oral hygiene and gingival status in orthodontic patients. JOURNAL OF PIERRE FAUCHARD ACADEMY (PIERRE FAUCHARD ACADEMY. INDIA SECTION) 1993; 7:43-54. [PMID: 9791270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to find out the plaque deposition and changes in the gingiva in patients under going orthodontic treatment with Fixed appliances, active removable appliances and with myofunctional appliances; taking 25 subjects in each group. A matching control of 25 dental students was taken for comparison. Findings reveal that though the plaque index and gingival index values in all treatment groups were higher than control group, but the values in all the 4 groups were found within the range of good oral hygiene i.e. less than 1.50 exhibiting that the orthodontic appliances whether fixed, active removable or Myofunctional would not affect oral hygiene or gingival health adversely if a proper oral hygiene instructions, were followed.
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Bhattacharya MK, Bhattacharya SK, Garg S, Saha PK, Dutta D, Nair GB, Deb BC, Das KP. Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in India and Bangladesh. Lancet 1993; 341:1346-7. [PMID: 8098474 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90855-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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305
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Garg PK, Garg S, Zalutsky MR. N-succinimidyl 4-methyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate: synthesis and potential utility for the radioiodination of monoclonal antibodies. Nucl Med Biol 1993; 20:379-87. [PMID: 8504279 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(93)90067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
N-succinimidyl 4-methyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate (MATE) was synthesized in two steps from 4-methyl-3-iodobenzoic acid. Radioiododestannylation of MATE proceeded more slowly than N-succinimidyl 3-(tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoate (ATE), but for reaction periods of 10 min or more, identical yields were obtained. Paired-label biodistribution studies were performed in mice with an intact monoclonal antibody and an F(ab')2 fragment labeled using MATE, ATE and Iodogen. Thyroid uptake with MATE was low, comparable to that seen with ATE, and considerably lower than that observed when the Iodogen method was used. With the F(ab')2 fragment, kidney uptake using MATE was 8-fold higher than that observed when either the ATE or Iodogen methods were used.
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Sarkar BL, De SP, Sircar BK, Garg S, Nair GB, Deb BC. Polymyxin B sensitive strains of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from recent epidemic in India. Lancet 1993; 341:1090. [PMID: 8096977 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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307
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Talwar GP, Singh O, Pal R, Chatterjee N, Upadhyay SN, Kaushic C, Garg S, Kaur R, Singh M, Chandrasekhar S. A birth control vaccine is on the horizon for family planning. Ann Med 1993; 25:207-12. [PMID: 7683889 DOI: 10.3109/07853899309164169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines for control of fertility are likely to have an important impact on family planning methods. They are designed to act by mobilization of an internal physiological process and do not require external medication on a continuous basis. A number of birth control vaccines are at different stages of development, the most advanced being a vaccine inducing antibodies against human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). This vaccine consists of a heterospecies dimer (HSD, beta hCG associated with alpha-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone, beta hCG:alpha oLH) linked to tetanus toxoid (TT) or diphtheria toxoid (DT) as carriers. The vaccine has recently passed an important milestone; it has completed the first leg of phase II efficacy trials. Women of proven fertility leading active sexual life were protected from becoming pregnant at antibody titres > or = 50 ng of hCG bioneutralization capacity per ml. This vaccine has previously been demonstrated to be reversible in its effect. It is free from any notable side-effects on endocrine, cardiovascular and other body functions. Ovulation was not disturbed and menstrual regularity was maintained. A logistic disadvantage of the present vaccine is the requirement for multiple injections. This is expected to be overcome by encapsulation of the requisite doses of the vaccine in biodegradable microspheres, which could be given at a single contact point for sustained antibody titres lasting over a year. A live recombinant vaccine has also been made that elicits high anti-hCG titres in monkeys for nearly 2 years following primary immunization and a booster at 8-9 months.
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Ramamurthy T, Garg S, Sharma R, Bhattacharya SK, Nair GB, Shimada T, Takeda T, Karasawa T, Kurazano H, Pal A. Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in southern and eastern India. Lancet 1993; 341:703-4. [PMID: 8095620 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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309
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310
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Woodruff TK, Krummen LA, Chen S, DeGuzman G, Lyon R, Baly DL, Allison DE, Garg S, Wong WL, Hebert N. Pharmacokinetic profile of recombinant human (rh) inhibin A and activin A in the immature rat. I. Serum profile of rh-inhibin A and rh-activin A in the immature female rat. Endocrinology 1993; 132:715-24. [PMID: 8425490 DOI: 10.1210/endo.132.2.8425490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The serum pharmacokinetics of recombinant human inhibin A (rh-inhibin A) and rh-activin A were examined in immature female Sprague Dawley-derived rats after iv and sc injection of the drugs. After iv administration of rh-inhibin A (120 micrograms/kg), the serum concentrations were described by a biexponential equation. The weight-normalized clearance was 21.3 ml/min.kg, and the initial (t1/2 alpha) and terminal (t1/2 beta) half-lives were 2.9 min and 37.9 min, respectively. Subcutaneous administration of 120 micrograms/kg rh-inhibin A resulted in a peak serum concentration of 10.6 ng/ml at 30.8 min after injection. Approximately 24% of the sc administered material was absorbed. Serum concentrations of rh-activin A also declined biexponentially after iv injection of the drug (120 micrograms/kg). The clearance of rh-activin A was 5.1 ml/min.kg, the t1/2 alpha was 6.1 min, and the t1/2 beta was 46.3 min. The peak serum concentration of rh-activin A (104.7 ng/ml) was achieved 24.7 min after sc delivery of the drug. The bioavailability of the sc dose was 38%. Iodinated rh-inhibin A and rh-activin A were used to examine the serum forms and metabolites of the drugs. [125I]rh-inhibin A and [125I]rh-activin A associated with two serum-binding proteins. Within 2 min of iv injection, the labeled hormones bound follistatin and alpha-2-macroglobulin. Even though rh-inhibin A and rh-activin A are structurally similar and appear to bind to the same serum proteins, their disposition in the immature rat differ.
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Karasawa T, Mihara T, Kurazono H, Nair GB, Garg S, Ramamurthy T, Takeda Y. Distribution of the zot (zonula occludens toxin) gene among strains of Vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1993; 106:143-5. [PMID: 8454179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of the zot gene that encodes the zonula occludens toxin, a newly described toxin of Vibrio cholerae, among clinical, environmental and food isolates of V. cholerae 01 and non-01 was investigated. Both the zot gene and the ctx gene that encode cholera toxin were found in 247 of 257 clinical strains and 62 of 415 environmental or food isolates of V. cholerae 01. The zot gene, but not the ctx gene was found in 37 strains (one clinical strain and 36 environmental or food isolates). In addition, two of 31 clinical strains and six of 98 environmental or food isolates of V. cholerae' non-01 possessed both the zot gene and the ctx gene. These results demonstrated the predominantly concurrent occurrence of the zot gene and ctx genes among strains of V. cholerae 01 which suggests a possible synergistic role of ZOT in the causation of acute dehydrating diarrhea produced by V. cholerae 01.
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Krummen LA, Woodruff TK, DeGuzman G, Cox ET, Baly DL, Mann E, Garg S, Wong WL, Cossum P, Mather JP. Identification and characterization of binding proteins for inhibin and activin in human serum and follicular fluids. Endocrinology 1993; 132:431-43. [PMID: 7678220 DOI: 10.1210/endo.132.1.7678220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibins and activins are produced by a variety of tissues and may have important endocrine and paracrine roles in development, reproduction, and hematopoiesis. However, little is known regarding the physical properties or concentrations of inhibin and activin in biological fluids. Binding proteins for inhibin or activin in serum or at production or target sites may have important implications for restricting the bioactivity of these hormones and may alter the immunoreactivity of these molecules in biological fluids. The objective of this study was to identify inhibin- and activin-binding proteins in human serum (HS) and follicular fluid (hFF) and determine the ability of these proteins to alter biological or immunological activity. In HS, [125I]activin and inhibin bound to a protein identified as alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) using three criteria: 1) [125I]inhibin and activin bind purified alpha 2M, but not several other serum proteins tested; 2) complexes formed by [125I]inhibin and activin in HS and in the presence of purified alpha 2M elute with similar retention times on HPLC; and 3) preadsorption of HS with alpha 2M antiserum inhibits inhibin and activin binding to this protein while antiserum directed against follistatin or other serum proteins had no effect. A small amount of a lower mol wt [125I]activin-follistatin complex was also found in HS. This complex eluted with a retention time similar to that of activin bound to purified porcine follistatin. Binding of inhibin to follistatin could not be detected in HS. In contrast, follistatin was the major binding protein of both activin and inhibin in hFF. Concentrations up to 100 micrograms/ml purified alpha 2M had no effect on the bioactivity or immunoreactivity of either inhibin or activin. In contrast, follistatin inhibited both activin-stimulated pituitary FSH release and K562 hemoglobin production as well as antiserum binding in a specific activin-A immunoassay. Follistatin did not interfere with inhibin immunodetection. These data indicate that two inhibin- and activin-binding proteins are present in different relative amounts in HS and hFF, alpha 2M, the primary binding protein in HS, did not alter inhibin or activin bio- or immunoactivity under the conditions of these experiments, while follistatin, the major binding protein in hFF, may mask activin's bio- and immunoactivities.
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Bhattacharya SK, Datta D, Bhattacharya MK, Garg S, Ramamurthy T, Manna B, Nair GB, Nag A, Moitra A. Cholera in young children in an endemic area. Lancet 1992; 340:1549. [PMID: 1361637 DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92804-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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314
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Garg S, Sharma SN. Development of medicated aerosol dressings of chlorhexidine acetate with hemostatics. DIE PHARMAZIE 1992; 47:924-6. [PMID: 1293616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol formulations to act as medicated aerosol dressings have been prepared with an aim of forming a protective film over the wound after spraying combining the properties of antiseptics and hemostatics. Chlorhexidine acetate along with three hemostatics namely zinc acetate, methyl cellulose and Calendula tincture were used for the formulations. The formulations were found to be satisfactory in their performance and purpose.
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Upadhyay SN, Dhawan S, Garg S, Talwar GP. Immunomodulatory effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1992; 14:1187-93. [PMID: 1452404 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(92)90054-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of neem oil were studied in mice. The animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with neem oil; control animals received the emulsifying agent with or without peanut oil. Peritoneal lavage, collected on subsequent days, showed a maximum number of leukocytic cells on day 3 following treatment with neem oil; peritoneal macrophages exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity and expression of MHC class-II antigens. Neem oil treatment also induced the production of gamma interferon. Spleen cells of neem oil-treated animals showed a significantly higher lymphocyte proliferative response to in vitro challenge with Con A or tetanus toxoid (TT) than that of the controls. Pre-treatment with neem oil, however, did not augment the anti-TT antibody response. The results of this study indicate that neem oil acts as a non-specific immunostimulant and that it selectively activates the cell-mediated immune (CMI) mechanisms to elicit an enhanced response to subsequent mitogenic or antigenic challenge.
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316
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Mital P, Garg S, Khuteta RP, Khuteta S, Mital P. Mefenamic acid in prevention of premature labour. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF HEALTH 1992; 112:214-6. [PMID: 1453408 DOI: 10.1177/146642409211200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Women at risk of premature delivery were divided randomly into 2 groups of 80 each. Mefenamic acid 500mg 3 times a day or a placebo was given in a double blind fashion. Preterm delivery occurred in 15% of the treated group and 40% of the control group (p < 0.005). The mean birth weight in the test group was higher as compared to the controls. There were no cases of foetal malformations in either of the groups. The results support the use of Mefenamic acid in preventing premature labour.
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317
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Garg PK, Garg S, Bigner DD, Zalutsky MR. Localization of fluorine-18-labeled Mel-14 monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 fragment in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Cancer Res 1992; 52:5054-60. [PMID: 1516061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is an imaging method that might improve the effectiveness of radioimmunoscintigraphy and might provide more accurate estimates of monoclonal antibody dosimetry prior to therapy. Because of its widespread availability, 2-h half-life 18F could be a useful nuclide for labeling monoclonal antibody fragments, provided that adequate tumor uptake and satisfactory tumor:normal tissue ratios could be achieved rapidly. In this study, the tissue distribution of 18F-labeled Mel-14 F(ab')2, a monoclonal antibody reactive with gliomas, was evaluated in a s.c. athymic mouse human glioma xenograft model. 18F labeling was performed using N-succinimidyl-8-(4-[18F]fluorobenzylamino) suberate. For paired-label comparisons both in vitro and in vivo, Mel-14 F(ab')2 was also labeled using N-succinimidyl 3- [125I]- iodobenzoate. When 100-120 micrograms of disuccinimidyl suberate was used in the 18F-labeled acylation agent synthesis, the binding of 18F-labeled Mel-14 F(ab')2 to glioma homogenates was comparable to that of the radioiodinated fragment. Scatchard analyses indicated nearly identical affinity constants for fragments with both labels (18F, 6.4 x 10(8) M-1; 125I, 6.7 x 10(8) M-1). Tumor levels of 18F increased between 1 and 2 h and then were relatively constant between 2 and 6 h. When lower levels of disuccinimidyl suberate were used, there was an excellent correlation between 18F and 125I tumor uptake (r = 0.984, slope 1.03-1.04). At 4 h, tumor:normal tissue ratios for 18F-labeled Mel-14 F(ab')2 in liver, spleen, muscle, and brain were 2.3, 4.2, 14, and 40, respectively. Localization indices, determined by comparison with 18F-labeled nonspecific F(ab')2, were 3.7 at 4 h and 6.9 at 6 h for tumor and about 1 for normal tissues, indicating the specificity of 18F-labeled Mel-14 F(ab')2 tumor uptake.
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318
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Chase HP, Crews KR, Garg S, Crews MJ, Cruickshanks KJ, Klingensmith G, Gay E, Hamman RF. Outpatient management vs in-hospital management of children with new-onset diabetes. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1992; 31:450-6. [PMID: 1643761 DOI: 10.1177/000992289203100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The long-term results of outpatient management of subjects with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are unknown. The longest follow-up described to date is for only one year, a time when most children with IDDM still make endogenous insulin. In this study, 41 young subjects with IDDM, treated and educated in the outpatient setting (1980 to 1984), were compared to a group of 80 similar subjects who received their initial education as hospital inpatients. Long-term glycemic control, as measured by longitudinal glycohemoglobin (HbA1) values was not different in the two groups (p greater than .05). We conclude that outpatient education and management of newly diagnosed subjects with IDDM is as safe and effective as inpatient treatment.
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Garg PK, Garg S, Degraff WG, Zalutsky MR, Mitchell JB. 4-Fluorobenzylamine and phenylalanine methyl ester conjugates of 2-nitroimidazole: evaluation as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 22:593-6. [PMID: 1531220 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90884-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized two 2-nitroimidazole derivatives and evaluated their hypoxic radiosensitization properties. The first, a 4-fluorobenzylamine conjugate of 2-nitroimidazole (PK-110), was designed so that it could also be labeled with the F-18 and used for positron emission tomographic imaging of hypoxia. The second, the L-phenylalanine methyl ester conjugate of 2-nitroimidazole (PK-130), was designed in an attempt to exploit amino acid transport channels to enhance drug transport into the tumor. The effects of these drugs (and SR-2508, for comparison) in vitro on the aerobic and hypoxic radiosensitivity of Chinese hamster V79 cells were evaluated using clonogenic assays. PK-130 and PK-110 at 0.1 and 1.0 mM were more efficient hypoxic cell radiosensitizers than obtained with 1.0 mM SR-2508. Marginal aerobic radiosensitization was observed for 1.0 mM treatment with PK-130 and PK-110, however, no aerobic radiosensitization was observed at 0.1 mM. Glutathione (GSH) depletion (less than 5% of control levels) by L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) further enhanced the SER for both PK-130 and PK-110 at 0.1 mM to 3.2 +/- 0.63 and 2.4 +/- 0.16, respectively. The results of this study encourage the in vivo tumor radiosensitization evaluation of PK-130 and PK-110.
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320
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Verma L, Kumar A, Garg S, Khosla PK, Tewari HK. Cryopexy in pars planitis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1991; 26:313-5. [PMID: 1751913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryotherapy has been reported to be of benefit in pars planitis. We studied 16 eyes with classic pars planitis unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy. Eight eyes continued with systemic and periocular steroid therapy, and in the remaining eight eyes transconjunctival cryopexy of the peripheral retina and vitreous base was done as an additional procedure. At 6 months four of the eyes that received cryopexy showed an improvement in Snellen visual acuity, and in the other four the acuity was unchanged; none of the eyes showed any vitreous base neovascularization. Among the eyes that received steroid therapy only, the acuity was unchanged in five, improved in one and reduced in two.
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321
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Garg PK, Garg S, Zalutsky MR. Fluorine-18 labeling of monoclonal antibodies and fragments with preservation of immunoreactivity. Bioconjug Chem 1991; 2:44-9. [PMID: 1878410 DOI: 10.1021/bc00007a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method is reported for labeling proteins with the positron-emitting nuclide 18F. Initially, 4-[18F]-fluorobenzylamine was prepared in two steps from aqueous [18F]fluoride in high yield. The 18F acylation agent was formed by reaction of this product with disuccinimidyl suberate. Overall yields for the 4-[18F]fluorobenzylamine succinimidyl ester ([18F]SFBS), decay corrected to the end of cyclotron bombardment, were about 30% in a synthesis time of 60 min. After a 15-min reaction, 30-45% (decay corrected) of the [18F]SFBS could be coupled to intact antibodies and their F(ab')2 and Fab fragments. Coupling yields were dependent on protein concentration but not reaction time. HPLC purification of [18F]SFBS was necessary to obtain optimal coupling efficiency and immunoreactivity. The immunoreactivities of 18F-labeled F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of an antimyosin antibody were 89 +/- 5% and 75 +/- 9%, respectively. Biodistribution studies in normal mice demonstrated similar in vivo behavior of 18F-labeled antibody fragments and those labeled with 125I by using N-succinimidyl 3-[125I]iodobenzoate. These results indicate that this method may be useful for labeling monoclonal antibodies and other proteins and peptides with 18F.
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322
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Garg S, Garg PK, Zalutsky MR. N-succinimidyl 5-(trialkylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylates: a new class of reagents for protein radioiodination. Bioconjug Chem 1991; 2:50-6. [PMID: 1878411 DOI: 10.1021/bc00007a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Succinimidyl 5-(trialkylstannyl)-3-pyridinecarboxylates (alkyl = Me, Bu) have been prepared and used as a precursor to label N-succinimidyl 5-[131I]iodo-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SIPC). SIPC was obtained in greater than 80% yield from either the methyl or butyl precursor with N-chlorosuccinimide and heating at 60-65 degrees C. Significantly lower yields were observed with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. After a 30-min incubation with [131I]SIPC at pH 8.5, goat IgG, an intact monoclonal antibody (MAb), and a MAb F(ab')2 fragment were labeled in 60-65% yield. Specific binding of the MAb and MAb fragment after SIPC labeling was identical with that observed with N-succinimidyl 3-iodobenzoate and higher than that reported previously for these MAbs after labeling by using the Iodogen method. When 5-[131I]iodonicotinic acid was injected into normal mice, thyroid uptake was less than 0.2% of the injected dose, reflecting the inertness of this compound to deiodination. Paired-label biodistribution studies indicate that for both the MAb and the F(ab')2 labeled by using SIPC, accumulation of activity in the thyroid and other tissues is comparable to that observed when these proteins were labeled by using N-succinimidyl 3-iodobenzoate. The results of this study suggest that SIPC may be a reagent for labeling MAbs with halogen nuclides.
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323
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Chase HP, Butler-Simon N, Garg S, McDuffie M, Hoops SL, O'Brien D. A trial of nicotinamide in newly diagnosed patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1990; 33:444-6. [PMID: 2144835 DOI: 10.1007/bf00404097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Various agents have been tried in subjects with newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in an attempt to preserve Beta-cell function. In this double-blind study, nicotinamide or placebo were given for one year to 35 children and adolescents with newly-diagnosed Type 1 diabetes. All subjects were within six weeks of diagnosis and were between the ages of 6 and 18 years. Nicotinamide, a poly-(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitor, was given in a dose of 100 mg/year of age up to a maximum of 1.5 g/day. There were no initial differences between the 17 control and the 18 test subjects in relation to mean age, sex distribution, or severity at onset. Mean insulin dosages and HbA1 values were similar for the two groups during the year of study. Fasting and glucagon-stimulated C-peptide levels were similar for the control and nicotinamide treated groups at the beginning and after 4 and 12 months. There were no differences in remission rates between the two groups. Nicotinamide, at this dosage, does not preserve residual insulin secretion in subjects with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.
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324
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Mehra M, Dewan S, Aggarwal S, Garg S. Immunization coverage evaluation surveys in rural Narela zone and city zone areas of Delhi. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27:342-6. [PMID: 2210820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A major purpose of the immunization coverage evaluation surveys to document the vaccination status of children aged 1-2 years was to determine the true picture of the immunization status of the target population and to identify areas which need strengthening. Immunization coverage evaluation surveys were carried out for a 2.4 lakh rural and 2.2 lakh urban population of Delhi by the cluster sampling method. A total of 210 and 212 children, respectively aged 12 to 23 months, were included in the study in 30 randomly selected clusters in each zone. The percentage of children immunized with DPT3/OPV3/BCG was 70.0 and 73.1 in the rural and city zones, respectively while those immunized with DPT3/OPV3/BCG/Measles was only 30.0 and 37.3% in the two zones. Dropout rate for DPT and OPV, I to III was 16-18%. The drop out rate between DPT and OPV II and III was higher than that between DPT and OPV II and II. Percentage of non-immunized children was significantly higher in rural (8.0%) as compared to urban areas (2.3%). Maximum immunizations were done by the Health Centres. Done on a periodic basis, a coverage evaluation survey will show whether or not vaccination coverage objectives have been met.
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325
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326
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Gupta S, Garg S, Prakash K, Bhatnagar PK. Study of serum IgE, T and B lymphocytes in bronchial asthma. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES & ALLIED SCIENCES 1988; 30:233-41. [PMID: 3267146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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327
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Hari PK, Agarwala AK, Garg S. Moisture Accessibility of Hydrophilic Sites in Starch and Modified Starch. STARCH-STARKE 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/star.19880400606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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328
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Zargar AH, Garg S, Katariya RN, Dash RJ. Galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea in a patient with adrenocortical carcinoma. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 1986; 34:665-7. [PMID: 3793707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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329
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Garg S. Compound composite odontoma--a case report. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 1986; 58:151-2. [PMID: 3462256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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330
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Garg S, Kapoor KK. The quantitative gingival bleeding index. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 1985; 57:112-3. [PMID: 3878376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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331
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Singh G, Kothari L, Garg S. One- and two-group diffusion theory for eccentric control rods—I. ANN NUCL ENERGY 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0306-4549(85)90018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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332
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Joshi KC, Jain R, Garg S. Studies in spiro heterocycles. Part 4(1): Investigation of the reactions of fluorinated 3-aroylmethylene-indol-2-ones with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine and synthesis of spiro [indole-3,3'-pyrazol]-2-ones. DIE PHARMAZIE 1985; 40:21-2. [PMID: 3991780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of various 3-aroylmethylene-indol-2-ones with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine under exactly similar conditions have been carried out. The reaction with phenylhydrazine has not been investigated earlier. It was found that although the reaction with hydrazine hydrate afforded a spiro derivative viz., spiro[3H-indole-3,3'-(3H)pyrazol]-2(1H)-one, that with phenylhydrazine yielded simply a hydrazone derivative. Representative spiro compounds have been screened for antifertility activity but none was found active at a dose of 10 mg/kg in adult female rats.
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333
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Garg S, Mitra SK, Pathak IC, Khanduja KL. Effect of hypothermic preservation on in vitro incorporation of 1-14C-acetate into lipids of liver. INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 1984; 22:670-3. [PMID: 6398800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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334
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Garg S, Marwaha RK, Pathak IC, Dash RJ. Virilizing adrenocortical carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome in a 14 months old child. Indian J Pediatr 1984; 51:497-500. [PMID: 6526458 DOI: 10.1007/bf02776440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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335
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Garg S, Nayar S, Garg A, Sane S. Vitamin-A deficiency in pre-school children. Indian Pediatr 1984; 21:491-4. [PMID: 6439637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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336
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Sharma UR, Garg S. Clinical study on pregnancy with heart disease. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1984; 82:8-10. [PMID: 6747325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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337
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Garg A, Bhatia BD, Chaturvedi P, Garg S. G6PD deficiency in newborn infants. Indian J Pediatr 1984; 51:29-33. [PMID: 6746072 DOI: 10.1007/bf02753522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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338
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Garg S, Nayak GC, Saini JS, Prabhakar AR, Dash RJ. Effect of age on testes volume. Indian J Med Res 1983; 78:59-63. [PMID: 6605920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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339
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Garg S, Bindal RD, Durani S, Kapil RS. Structure-activity relationship of estrogens: a study involving cyclofenyl as the model compound. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 18:89-95. [PMID: 6865407 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(83)90335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bis-(p-acetoxyphenyl)cyclohexylidenemethane [cyclofenyl] has been shown to resemble triarylethylene estrogens quite closely in its receptor binding specificity as well as activity profile. Mono-pyrrolidinoethyl ether of cyclofenyl thus acts as a more potent receptor binder but less potent estrogen than its parent. Like triarylethylene antiestrogens, this derivative of cyclofenyl also acts as an antiuterotrophic agent. This finding would substantiate the proposition that the geminal diaryl residue and not the 1,2-diarylethylene moiety is mainly responsible for the receptor binding and activity profile characteristic of triarylethylenes. This understanding can form a basis for the rationalization of the structure-activity-relationship of estrogens at the molecular level.
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340
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Mallik KN, Pathak IC, Mitra SK, Datta DV, Bhatara R, Garg S. Preservation of liver for 4 to 20 hours by the cold flushing-freeze storage technique. Indian J Med Res 1980; 71:468-75. [PMID: 6993350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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341
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Gupta P, Garg S, Mathur JS. Bacteriology of fallopian tubes in relation to puerperal and non-puerperal sterilization. J Obstet Gynaecol India 1975; 25:374-6. [PMID: 1164976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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342
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Sansaricq C, Garg S, Norton PM, Phansalkar SV, Snyderman SE. Cystine deficiency during dietotherapy of homocystinemia. ACTA PAEDIATRICA SCANDINAVICA 1975; 64:215-8. [PMID: 1130177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1975.tb03824.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystine deficiency was inadvertently produced in a boy receiving specific dietary therapy for homocystinuria. This was manifested as a loss in weight, the reappearance of significant amounts of homocystine in the plasma and urine, and the elevation of the plasma methionine level. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the level of cystine in the plasma. This reduction in plasma cystine level differentiates cystine deficiency from loss of biochemical control due to failure to keep the prescribed diet. The addition of cystine to the regime of this child, without any other dietary modification, resulted in a complete remission.
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343
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Gupta P, Sharma PK, Saxena SB, Garg S, Nath S. Electrophoretic study of serum proteins in women using oral contraceptive for 1 to 3 years. J Obstet Gynaecol India 1973; 23:148-51. [PMID: 4806731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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344
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Gupta KG, Garg S, Sud RK. The combined effect of polyamines and antibiotics against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, PARASITENKUNDE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND HYGIENE. ERSTE ABTEILUNG ORIGINALE. REIHE A: MEDIZINISCHE MIKROBIOLOGIE UND PARASITOLOGIE 1972; 222:188-93. [PMID: 4144794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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345
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Gupta KG, Garg S. Factors affecting the coagulase release by Staphylococcus aureus. ZENTRALBLATT FUR BAKTERIOLOGIE, PARASITENKUNDE, INFEKTIONSKRANKHEITEN UND HYGIENE. ERSTE ABTEILUNG ORIGINALE. REIHE A: MEDIZINISCHE MIKROBIOLOGIE UND PARASITOLOGIE 1972; 220:519-25. [PMID: 4144933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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346
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Gupta P, Sharma PK, Gupta SN, Garg S. Non-specific monophosphatase activity in maternal serum, urine and the amniotic fluid during labour. Indian J Med Res 1970; 58:961-6. [PMID: 4321564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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