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Cong W, Shen H, Jiang Y, Li L, Kong X, Chen S, Hu H, Li X. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-Osteoporotic Characterization of Arginine N-Glycosylated Teriparatide Analogs via the Silver-catalyzed Solid-Phase Glycosylation Strategy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1360-1369. [PMID: 38195392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In spite of effective antiosteoporosis potency, teriparatide, a bone-building agent approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration), was proven to exhibit various side effects. In our previous work, we developed a universal strategy for synthesizing arginine N-glycosylated peptides termed silver-promoted solid-phase glycosylation (SSG) strategy. However, it is unknown whether the SSG strategy can be applied in the peptide drug design. Herein, we first reported the optimization of teriparatide via SSG strategy. Using Arg20 and/or Arg25 as the modifying positions, three series of arginine N-glycosylated teriparatide analogs were successfully synthesized, of which the introduced sugar groups included glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, ribose, 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-glucose, xylose, lactose, and maltose. Among the 27 arginine N-glycosylated derivatives, Arg20-xylose and Arg25-maltose teriparatide analogs, termed PTH-1g and PTH-2i, respectively, indicated enhanced serum stability and significantly improved antiosteoporotic activities in vitro and in vivo compared with the native counterpart. They may serve as effective therapeutic candidates for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Huaxing Shen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Linji Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Honggang Hu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Bakshi HA, Mkhael M, Faruck HL, Khan AU, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, El-Tanani M, Charbe NB, Tambuwala MM. Cellular signaling in the hypoxic cancer microenvironment: Implications for drug resistance and therapeutic targeting. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110911. [PMID: 37805102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The rewiring of cellular metabolism is a defining characteristic of cancer, as tumor cells adapt to acquire essential nutrients from a nutrient-poor environment to sustain their viability and biomass. While hypoxia has been identified as a major factor depriving cancer cells of nutrients, recent studies have revealed that cancer cells distant from supporting blood vessels also face nutrient limitations. To overcome this challenge, hypoxic cancer cells, which heavily rely on glucose as an energy source, employ alternative pathways such as glycogen metabolism and reductive carboxylation of glutamine to meet their energy requirements for survival. Our preliminary studies, alongside others in the field, have shown that under glucose-deficient conditions, hypoxic cells can utilize mannose and maltose as alternative energy sources. This review aims to comprehensively examine the hypoxic cancer microenvironment, its association with drug resistance, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting this unique niche. Furthermore, we will critically evaluate the current literature on hypoxic cancer microenvironments and explore state-of-the-art techniques used to analyze alternate carbohydrates, specifically mannose and maltose, in complex biological fluids. We will also propose the most effective analytical methods for quantifying mannose and maltose in such biological samples. By gaining a deeper understanding of the hypoxic cancer cell microenvironment and its role in drug resistance, novel therapeutic approaches can be developed to exploit this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A Bakshi
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapy Resistance and Drug Target Discovery, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA; School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, BT521SA, UK.
| | - Michella Mkhael
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, BT521SA, UK
| | - Hakkim L Faruck
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Tumorigenesis, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin MN55912, USA
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nitin B Charbe
- Center for Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics (Lake Nona), University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
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Benito P, Bellón J, Porcel R, Yenush L, Mulet JM. The Biostimulant, Potassium Humate Ameliorates Abiotic Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by Increasing Starch Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12140. [PMID: 37569516 PMCID: PMC10418871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium humate is a widely used biostimulant known for its ability to enhance growth and improve tolerance to abiotic stress. However, the molecular mechanisms explaining its effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of potassium humate using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrated that a formulation of potassium humate effectively increased the fresh weight accumulation of Arabidopsis plants under normal conditions, salt stress (sodium or lithium chloride), and particularly under osmotic stress (mannitol). Interestingly, plants treated with potassium humate exhibited a reduced antioxidant response and lower proline accumulation, while maintaining photosynthetic activity under stress conditions. The observed sodium and osmotic tolerance induced by humate was not accompanied by increased potassium accumulation. Additionally, metabolomic analysis revealed that potassium humate increased maltose levels under control conditions but decreased levels of fructose. However, under stress, both maltose and glucose levels decreased, suggesting changes in starch utilization and an increase in glycolysis. Starch concentration measurements in leaves showed that plants treated with potassium humate accumulated less starch under control conditions, while under stress, they accumulated starch to levels similar to or higher than control plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the molecular mechanism underlying the abiotic stress tolerance conferred by potassium humate involves its ability to alter starch content under normal growth conditions and under salt or osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Benito
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (R.P.); (L.Y.)
- Caldic Ibérica, S. L. U. Llobateras 23-25, pol.ind. Santiga, Barberà del Vallés, 08210 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Javier Bellón
- Caldic Ibérica, S. L. U. Llobateras 23-25, pol.ind. Santiga, Barberà del Vallés, 08210 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (R.P.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (R.P.); (L.Y.)
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (P.B.); (R.P.); (L.Y.)
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McPherson S, Wada-Katsumata A, Silverman J, Schal C. Glucose- and disaccharide-containing baits impede secondary mortality in glucose-averse German cockroaches. J Econ Entomol 2023; 116:546-553. [PMID: 36888567 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Glucose aversion in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), results in behavioral resistance to insecticidal baits. Glucose-averse (GA) cockroaches reject foods containing glucose, even in relatively low concentrations, which protects the cockroaches from ingesting lethal amounts of toxic baits. Horizontal transfer of baits and the resulting secondary mortality have been documented in German cockroaches, including in insecticide resistant strains. However, the effects of the GA trait on secondary mortality have not been investigated. We hypothesized that ingestion of insecticide baits that contain glucose or glucose-containing disaccharides would result in behaviorally relevant glucose levels in the feces, possibly deterring coprophagy by GA nymphs. We fed adult female cockroaches hydramethylnon baits rich in either glucose, fructose, sucrose, or maltose and compared secondary mortality of GA and wild-type (WT) nymphs via coprophagy. When adult females were fed baits containing glucose, sucrose, or maltose and their feces offered to nymphs, secondary mortality was significantly lower in GA nymphs than in WT nymphs. However, survival of GA and WT nymphs was similar on feces generated by adult females fed fructose bait. Analysis of feces indicated that disaccharides in baits were hydrolyzed into glucose, some of which was excreted in the feces of females that ingested the bait. Based on these results, we caution that baits containing glucose or glucose-containing oligosaccharides may impede cockroach interventions; while GA adults and large nymphs avoid ingesting such baits, first instars reject the glucose-containing feces of any WT cockroaches that consumed the bait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha McPherson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ayako Wada-Katsumata
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jules Silverman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Tassinari S, Moreno S, Komber H, Carloni R, Cangiotti M, Ottaviani MF, Appelhans D. Synthesis and biological and physico-chemical characterization of glycodendrimers and oligopeptides for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nanoscale 2022; 14:4654-4670. [PMID: 35262128 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anti-(ds)-DNA antibodies are the serological hallmark of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). They assemble in the bloodstream with (ds)-DNA, forming immunocomplexes, which spread all over the body causing, among the other symptoms, lupic glomerulonephritis. Pathological manifestations of the disease may be reduced by destabilizing or inhibiting the formation of the immunocomplexes. In this respect, glycodendrimers showed peculiar interacting abilities towards this kind of biomolecule. Various generations of open-shell maltose-decorated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers and two oligopeptides with different polyethylene glycol units were synthesized and characterized, and then tested for their anti-SLE activity. The activity of glycodendrimers and oligopeptides was evaluated in human plasma from patients with SLE, compared to healthy plasma, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization using spin-label and spin-probe techniques. Different strategies for the immunocomplex formation were tested. The results show that both kinds of glycodendrimers and oligopeptides inhibited the formation of immunocomplexes. Also, a partial breakdown of preformed immunocomplexes was observed. Both ELISA and EPR analyses indicated a better activity of glycodendrimers compared to oligopeptides, the 3rd generation PPI dendrimer being the most promising against SLE. This study highlights the possibility to develop a new class of dendritic therapeutics for the treatment of Lupus in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tassinari
- Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università degli studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Riccardo Carloni
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università degli studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy
- Knight Cancer Institute, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Oregon Health and Science University, USA
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università degli studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Università degli studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Haewpetch P, Rudeekulthamrong P, Kaulpiboon J. Enzymatic Synthesis of Maltitol and Its Inhibitory Effect on the Growth of Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020167. [PMID: 35204667 PMCID: PMC8961570 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize maltitol using recombinant CGTase from Bacillus circulans A11 with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sorbitol as a glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively, and assess its antibacterial activity. Optimal conditions for producing the highest yield, 25.0% (w/w), were incubation of 1% (w/v) β-CD and sorbitol with 400 U/mL of CGTase in 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and 50 °C for 72 h. Subsequently, maltitol underwent large-scale production and was purified by HPLC. By mass spectrometry, the molecular weight of the synthesized maltitol was 379.08 daltons, corresponding exactly to that of standard maltitol. The relative sweetness of synthesized and standard maltitol was ~90% of that of sucrose. Spot assay on the agar plate showed that maltitol inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans DMST 18777 cells. In addition, the MIC and MBC values of synthesized and standard maltitol against S. mutans were also determined as 20 and 40 mg/mL, respectively. These results show that the synthesized maltitol can be produced at high yields and has the potential to be used as an anticariogenic agent in products such as toothpaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patinya Haewpetch
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Prakarn Rudeekulthamrong
- Department of Biochemistry, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Pre-Clinical Science, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-85833-1117
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Ding Y, Zhu X, Li X, Zhang H, Wu M, Liu J, Palmen M, Roubert B, Li C. Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Safety Profiles of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Chinese Patients with Iron-deficiency Anemia. Clin Ther 2020; 42:276-285. [PMID: 31937462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the most commonly known nutritional deficiencies and is considered the primary cause of anemia (iron-deficiency anemia). Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), an intravenous iron preparation, has been widely used for >10 years for iron-deficiency anemia treatment worldwide because of its many advantages. METHODS This single-center, open-label, single dose escalation study in Chinese subjects was designed to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and safety of FCM in this population. The first 12 subjects received a 500-mg dose; after assessing safety data from the first 6 subjects in this cohort, another 12 subjects were assigned to the 1000-mg dose cohort. FINDINGS After an infusion of FCM over 15 min, a rapid dose-dependent increase in total serum iron levels was observed with a median Tmax of 30 min following the start of the infusion for both cohorts. The Cmax and AUC for the 1000-mg dose were ~1.8-fold (p = 0.2929) and 2.3-fold (p = 0.0318) those associated with the 500-mg dose, respectively. Mean terminal t1/2 values were 12.3 and 10.5 h for the 2 cohorts. The renal elimination of FCM was negligible (<0.1%). Increase in mean serum iron levels and ferritin concentrations showed dose dependency. Iron-binding capacity was transiently well utilized after dosing, as indicated by transferrin saturation >88% with 500-mg FCM and >90% with 1000-mg FCM. Hemoglobin levels did not show significant changes during the 7-day observation period, whereas mean reticulocyte counts significantly increased in both cohorts, suggesting activation of the hematopoietic system. FCM was well tolerated in these Chinese subjects. No new or unexpected treatment-emergent adverse events were attributable to FCM. IMPLICATIONS The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and safety profiles in Chinese subjects seemed comparable to those in white and Japanese populations. ChinaDrugTrials.org.cn identifier: CTR20160863.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Ding
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wu
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingrui Liu
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | - Cuiyun Li
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Shene C, Garcés M, Vergara D, Peña J, Claverol S, Rubilar M, Leyton A. Production of Lipids and Proteome Variation in a Chilean Thraustochytrium striatum Strain Cultured under Different Growth Conditions. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:99-110. [PMID: 30456696 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Total lipids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by a Chilean isolated thraustochytrid were evaluated under different growth conditions in shake flasks. The analyzed strain was identified as Thraustochytrium striatum according to an 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain (T. striatum AL16) showed negligible growth in media prepared with artificial seawater at concentrations lower than 50% v/v and pH lower than 5. Maltose and starch were better carbon sources for growth than glucose. DHA content of the biomass grown with maltose (60 g L-1) was doubled by increasing the agitation rate from 150 to 250 rpm. The DHA (0.8-6%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (0.2-21%) content in the total lipids varied depending on culture conditions and culture age. Lipid and DHA concentration increased (up to 5 g L-1 and 66 mg L-1, respectively) by regularly feeding the culture with a concentrated starch solution. Carotenoid accumulation was detected in cells grown with maltose or starch. Contrasting conditions of starch and glucose cultures were selected for comparative proteomics. Total protein extracts were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; 25 spots were identified using ESI-MS/MS. A protein database (143,006 entries) for proteomic interrogation was generated using de novo assembling of Thraustochytrium sp. LLF1b - MMETSP0199_2 transcriptome; 18 proteins differentially expressed were identified. Three ATP synthases were differentially accumulated in cultures with glucose, whereas malate dehydrogenase was more abundant in cells cultured with starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Shene
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Garcés
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology. BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jhonatan Peña
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Plateforme Protéome, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, Université Bordeaux Segalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Mónica Rubilar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Allison Leyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Guzmán DC, Brizuela NO, Herrera MO, Olguín HJ, Peraza AV, García EH, Jiménez FT, Mejía GB. Cytarabine and Ferric Carboxymaltose (Fe+3) Increase Oxidative Damage and Alter Serotonergic Metabolism in Brain. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 18:149-155. [PMID: 30484410 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666181128144343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the effect on brain biomarkers after treatment with anticancer compounds - cytarabine (CT) and ferric carboxymaltose (FC) (Fe+3) in Wistar rats. METHODS The Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1 (control), NaCl 0.9%; group 2, CT (25 mg/k), group 3, FC(Fe+3) (50 mg/k) and group 4, CT + FC(Fe+3). The animals were sacrificed and their brains were obtained and used to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Na+, K+ ATPase, glutathione (GSH), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA) and dopamine. The results indicated an enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the cortex and striatum of groups treated with FC(Fe+3) and CT, while GSH decreased in the cortex of group treated with CT + FC(Fe+3). Dopamine decreased in the cortex of the rats that received CT, while in the striatum, 5HIAA increased in all groups. RESULTS & CONCLUSION These results suggest that the treatment with CT and FC(Fe+3) boosted oxidative stress and led to an alteration in momoamine concentrations in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maribel Ortíz Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Bacteriology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Juárez Olguín
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Ernestina Hernández García
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisca Trujillo Jiménez
- Laboratory of Pharmacology. National Institute of Pediatrics, and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang X, Borges CA, Ning X, Rafi M, Zhang J, Park B, Takemiya K, Sterzo CL, Taylor WR, Riley L, Murthy N. A Trimethoprim Conjugate of Thiomaltose Has Enhanced Antibacterial Efficacy In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:1729-1735. [PMID: 29660287 PMCID: PMC5966298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trimethoprim is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the world. However, its efficacy is frequently limited by its poor water solubility and dose limiting toxicity. Prodrug strategies based on conjugation of oligosaccharides to trimethoprim have great potential for increasing the solubility of trimethoprim and lowering its toxicity, but they have been challenging to develop due to the sensitivity of trimethoprim to chemical modifications, and the rapid degradation of oligosaccharides in serum. In this report, we present a trimethoprim conjugate of maltodextrin termed TM-TMP, which increased the water solubility of trimethoprim by over 100 times, was stable to serum enzymes, and was active against urinary tract infections in mice. TM-TMP is composed of thiomaltose conjugated to trimethoprim, via a self-immolative disulfide linkage, and releases 4'-OH-trimethoprim (TMP-OH) after disulfide cleavage, which is a known metabolic product of trimethoprim and is as potent as trimethoprim. TM-TMP also contains a new maltodextrin targeting ligand composed of thiomaltose, which is stable to hydrolysis by serum amylases and therefore has the metabolic stability needed for in vivo use. TM-TMP has the potential to significantly improve the treatment of a wide number of infections given its high water solubility and the widespread use of trimethoprim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Clarissa A. Borges
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xinghai Ning
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mohammad Rafi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingtuo Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bora Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kiyoko Takemiya
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Carlo Lo Sterzo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Division, Atlanta, Georgia 30033, United States
| | - Lee Riley
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Tan HY, Trier S, Rahbek UL, Dufva M, Kutter JP, Andresen TL. A multi-chamber microfluidic intestinal barrier model using Caco-2 cells for drug transport studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197101. [PMID: 29746551 PMCID: PMC5944968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a multi-layer and multi-chamber microchip system using thiol-ene ‘click chemistry’ aimed for drug transport studies across tissue barrier models. The fabrication process enables rapid prototyping of multi-layer microfluidic chips using different thiol-ene polymer mixtures, where porous Teflon membranes for cell monolayer growth were incorporated by masked sandwiching thiol-ene-based fluid layers. Electrodes for trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were incorporated using low-melting soldering wires in combination with platinum wires, enabling parallel real-time monitoring of barrier integrity for the eight chambers. Additionally, the translucent porous Teflon membrane enabled optical monitoring of cell monolayers. The device was developed and tested with the Caco-2 intestinal model, and compared to the conventional Transwell system. Cell monolayer differentiation was assessed via in situ immunocytochemistry of tight junction and mucus proteins, P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) mediated efflux of Rhodamine 123, and brush border aminopeptidase activity. Monolayer tightness and relevance for drug delivery research was evaluated through permeability studies of mannitol, dextran and insulin, alone or in combination with the absorption enhancer tetradecylmaltoside (TDM). The thiol-ene-based microchip material and electrodes were highly compatible with cell growth. In fact, Caco-2 cells cultured in the device displayed differentiation, mucus production, directional transport and aminopeptidase activity within 9–10 days of cell culture, indicating robust barrier formation at a faster rate than in conventional Transwell models. The cell monolayer displayed high TEER and tightness towards hydrophilic compounds, whereas co-administration of an absorption enhancer elicited TEER-decrease and increased permeability similar to the Transwell cultures. The presented cell barrier microdevice constitutes a relevant tissue barrier model, enabling transport studies of drugs and chemicals under real-time optical and functional monitoring in eight parallel chambers, thereby increasing the throughput compared to previously reported microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yin Tan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sofie Trier
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Dufva
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jörg P. Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
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Wu H, Chen G, Bian Y, Zeng W, Sun B, Liang Z. Identification and characterization of a new agar-degrading strain with the novel properties of saccharides inhibition and nitrogen fixation. J Microbiol 2017; 55:475-482. [PMID: 28551876 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-6464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new agar-degrading strain was isolated from soil with agar as a sole carbon source and energy. Based on its morphological, physiological, biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified as Streptomyces lavendulae UN-8. The extracellular agarase activity reached 0.03 U/ml after fermentation in shake flask (250 ml), which was close to other reported non-marine microorganisms. Furthermore, it is interesting that the growth of UN-8 would be inhibited by glucose (40 g/L) and maltose (40 g/L) with the inhibitory rate of 100% and 70%, respectively. Besides, UN-8 could be grown on the solid medium without any nitrogen sources, then the possible nitrogen fixation gene nifU was cloned from its genomic DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence of nifU has high similarity (98%) with nitrogen fixation protein NifU from Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-104 (KJY22454.1) and Streptomyces sp. NRRL F-4428 (KJK52526.1) based on NCBI blast. It is suggested that the nifU gene of UN-8 also encoded nitrogen fixation protein NifU. These results provided some new information for the further understanding of agar-degrading strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Guiguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yaxi Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Bihong Sun
- The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqun Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China.
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Mitrakul K, Srisatjaluk R, Vongsawan K, Teerawongpairoj C, Choongphong N, Panich T, Kaewvimonrat P. EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM USE OF XYLITOL CHEWING GUM AND MOLTITOL ORAL SPRAY ON SALIVARY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND ORAL PLAQUE. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2017; 48:485-493. [PMID: 29642312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of xylitol chewing gum and maltitol spray on the concentration of salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and on the plaque index. Eighty-one second, third and fourth year dental and dental assistant students with a salivary MS concentration > 103 CFU/ml cultured on mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar were included in the study. The age range of subjects was 18-23 years. The participants were divided into 3 groups: control, xylitol chewing gum and maltitol spray groups. Each subject brushed their teeth with fluoridated toothpaste (1,000 ppm). Each subject in the xylitol chewing gum group was told to chew 2 pieces, 6 times a day (total xylitol dose=7.3 g/day) for 4 weeks. Each subject in the maltitol spray group was told to spray one puff twice daily (morning and evening) for 4 weeks. A dental examination and saliva samples to determine the salivary MS concentration were collected at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks after experiment initiation. The nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze differences among groups. The mean ages in the control, xylitol chewing gum and maltitol spray groups were 22±1, 20±1 and 20±1 years, respectively. The mean MS concentrations at the beginning of the study and after 2 weeks in the control, and xylitol chewing gum and moltitol oral spray groups were not significantly different from each other. There was a significantly lower MS concentration in the moltitol oral spray group than in the control group by 4 weeks (p=0.045) but no significant difference between the control group and the xylitol gum group by 4 weeks. There were no significant differences in the mean plaque index at baseline among the control group, the xylitol chewing gum group and the moltitol oral spray group. The plaque index was significantly lower in the xylitol chewing gum group than the control group (p=0.003) at 2 weeks but not 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in the mean plaque index between the control group and the moltitol oral spray group at any time. Using the maltitol spray significantly reduced the MS level in the saliva by 4 weeks use but using the xylitol gum did not. However, using the xylitol chewing gum did reduce the mean plaque by 2 weeks use but the effect did not last; by 4 weeks there was no difference from control. The moltitol spray provided no benefit over the control in reducing the mean plaque index.
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Hempel JC, Poppelaars F, Gaya da Costa M, Franssen CFM, de Vlaam TPG, Daha MR, Berger SP, Seelen MAJ, Gaillard CAJM. Distinct in vitro Complement Activation by Various Intravenous Iron Preparations. Am J Nephrol 2016; 45:49-59. [PMID: 27889746 DOI: 10.1159/000451060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous (IV) iron preparations are widely used in the treatment of anemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). All IV iron preparations carry a risk of causing hypersensitivity reactions. However, the pathophysiological mechanism is poorly understood. We hypothesize that a relevant number of these reactions are mediated by complement activation, resulting in a pseudo-anaphylactic clinical picture known as complement activation-related pseudo allergy (CARPA). METHODS First, the in-vitro complement-activating capacity was determined for 5 commonly used IV iron preparations using functional complement assays for the 3 pathways. Additionally, the preparations were tested in an ex-vivo model using the whole blood of healthy volunteers and HD patients. Lastly, in-vivo complement activation was tested for one preparation in HD patients. RESULTS In the in-vitro assays, iron dextran, and ferric carboxymaltose caused complement activation, which was only possible under alternative pathway conditions. Iron sucrose may interact with complement proteins, but did not activate complement in-vitro. In the ex-vivo assay, iron dextran significantly induced complement activation in the blood of healthy volunteers and HD patients. Furthermore, in the ex-vivo assay, ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose only caused significant complement activation in the blood of HD patients. No in-vitro or ex-vivo complement activation was found for ferumoxytol and iron isomaltoside. IV iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose in HD patients did not lead to significant in-vivo complement activation. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that iron dextran and ferric carboxymaltose have complement-activating capacities in-vitro, and hypersensitivity reactions to these drugs could be CARPA-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cordelia Hempel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lofruthe N, Gallitz I, Traeger L, Bäumer N, Schulze I, Kuhlmann T, Müller-Tidow C, Steinbicker AU. Intravenous Iron Carboxymaltose as a Potential Therapeutic in Anemia of Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158599. [PMID: 27404499 PMCID: PMC4942094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous iron supplementation is an effective therapy in iron deficiency anemia (IDA), but controversial in anemia of inflammation (AI). Unbound iron can be used by bacteria and viruses for their replication and enhance the inflammatory response. Nowadays available high molecular weight iron complexes for intravenous iron substitution, such as ferric carboxymaltose, might be useful in AI, as these pharmaceuticals deliver low doses of free iron over a prolonged period of time. We tested the effects of intravenous iron carboxymaltose in murine AI: Wild-type mice were exposed to the heat-killed Brucella abortus (BA) model and treated with or without high molecular weight intravenous iron. 4h after BA injection followed by 2h after intravenous iron treatment, inflammatory cytokines were upregulated by BA, but not enhanced by iron treatment. In long term experiments, mice were fed a regular or an iron deficient diet and then treated with intravenous iron or saline 14 days after BA injection. Iron treatment in mice with BA-induced AI was effective 24h after iron administration. In contrast, mice with IDA (on iron deficiency diet) prior to BA-IA required 7d to recover from AI. In these experiments, inflammatory markers were not further induced in iron-treated compared to vehicle-treated BA-injected mice. These results demonstrate that intravenous iron supplementation effectively treated the murine BA-induced AI without further enhancement of the inflammatory response. Studies in humans have to reveal treatment options for AI in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Lofruthe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Inka Gallitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nicole Bäumer
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Isabell Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea U. Steinbicker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Azevedo M, Sousa A, Moura de Sousa J, Thompson JA, Proença JT, Gordo I. Trade-Offs of Escherichia coli Adaptation to an Intracellular Lifestyle in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146123. [PMID: 26752723 PMCID: PMC4709186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Escherichia coli exhibits remarkable genomic and phenotypic variation, with some pathogenic strains having evolved to survive and even replicate in the harsh intra-macrophage environment. The rate and effects of mutations that can cause pathoadaptation are key determinants of the pace at which E. coli can colonize such niches and become pathogenic. We used experimental evolution to determine the speed and evolutionary paths undertaken by a commensal strain of E. coli when adapting to intracellular life. We estimated the acquisition of pathoadaptive mutations at a rate of 10−6 per genome per generation, resulting in the fixation of more virulent strains in less than a hundred generations. Whole genome sequencing of independently evolved clones showed that the main targets of intracellular adaptation involved loss of function mutations in genes implicated in the assembly of the lipopolysaccharide core, iron metabolism and di- and tri-peptide transport, namely rfaI, fhuA and tppB, respectively. We found a substantial amount of antagonistic pleiotropy in evolved populations, as well as metabolic trade-offs, commonly found in intracellular bacteria with reduced genome sizes. Overall, the low levels of clonal interference detected indicate that the first steps of the transition of a commensal E. coli into intracellular pathogens are dominated by a few pathoadaptive mutations with very strong effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Azevedo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - A. Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J. Moura de Sousa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J. A. Thompson
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - J. T. Proença
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - I. Gordo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande n°6, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Afzal M, Shafeeq S, Manzoor I, Kuipers OP. Maltose-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of the mal Regulon by MalR in Streptococcus pneumoniae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127579. [PMID: 26030923 PMCID: PMC4451989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The maltose regulon (mal regulon) has previously been shown to consist of the mal gene cluster (malMP, malXCD and malAR operons) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we have further elucidated the complete mal regulon in S. pneumoniae D39 using microarray analyses and β-galactosidase assays. In addition to the mal gene cluster, the complete mal regulon of S. pneumoniae D39 consists of a pullulanase (PulA), a glucosidase (DexB), a glucokinase (RokB), a PTS component (PtsG) and an amylase (AmyA2). Our microarray studies and β-galactosidase assays further showed that the LacI-family transcriptional regulator MalR represses the expression of the mal regulon in the absence of maltose. Furthermore, the role of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator CcpA in the regulation of the mal regulon in the presence of maltose was explored. Our microarray analysis with a ΔccpA strain showed that CcpA only represses the expression of the malXCD operon and the pulA gene in the presence of maltose. Hence, we extend the mal regulon now consisting of pulA, dexB, rokB, ptsG and amyA2 in addition to malMP, malXCD and malAR operons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Shafeeq
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Connor JR, Zhang X, Nixon AM, Webb B, Perno JR. Comparative evaluation of nephrotoxicity and management by macrophages of intravenous pharmaceutical iron formulations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125272. [PMID: 25973894 PMCID: PMC4431721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a significant clinical need for effective treatment of iron deficiency. A number of compounds that can be administered intravenously have been developed. This study examines how the compounds are handled by macrophages and their relative potential to provoke oxidative stress. Methods Human kidney (HK-2) cells, rat peritoneal macrophages and renal cortical homogenates were exposed to pharmaceutical iron preparations. Analyses were performed for indices of oxidative stress and cell integrity. In addition, in macrophages, iron uptake and release and cytokine secretion was monitored. Results HK-2 cell viability was decreased by iron isomaltoside and ferumoxytol and all compounds induced lipid peroxidation. In the renal cortical homogenates, lipid peroxidation occurred at lowest concentrations with ferric carboxymaltose, iron dextran, iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate. In the macrophages, iron sucrose caused loss of cell viability. Iron uptake was highest for ferumoxytol and iron isomaltoside and lowest for iron sucrose and sodium ferric gluconate. Iron was released as secretion of ferritin or as ferrous iron via ferroportin. The latter was blocked by hepcidin. Exposure to ferric carboxymaltose and iron dextran resulted in release of tumor necrosis factor α. Conclusions Exposure to iron compounds increased cell stress but was tissue and dose dependent. There was a clear difference in the handling of iron from the different compounds by macrophages that suggests in vivo responses may differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Nixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Becky Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. Perno
- Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Norristown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Woods A, Garvican-Lewis LA, Saunders PU, Lovell G, Hughes D, Fazakerley R, Anderson B, Gore CJ, Thompson KG. Four weeks of IV iron supplementation reduces perceived fatigue and mood disturbance in distance runners. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108042. [PMID: 25247929 PMCID: PMC4172582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of intravenous iron supplementation on performance, fatigue and overall mood in runners without clinical iron deficiency. Methods Fourteen distance runners with serum ferritin 30–100 µg·L−1 were randomly assigned to receive three blinded injections of intravenous ferric-carboxymaltose (2 ml, 100 mg, IRON) or normal saline (PLACEBO) over four weeks (weeks 0, 2, 4). Athletes performed a 3,000 m time trial and 10×400 m monitored training session on consecutive days at week 0 and again following each injection. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was assessed via carbon monoxide rebreathing at weeks 0 and 6. Fatigue and mood were determined bi-weekly until week 6 via Total Fatigue Score (TFS) and Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) using the Brief Fatigue Inventory and Brunel Mood Scale. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences, based on the unequal variances t-statistic and Cohen's Effect sizes (ES). Results Serum ferritin increased in IRON only (Week 0: 62.8±21.9, Week 4: 128.1±46.6 µg·L−1; p = 0.002) and remained elevated two weeks after the final injection (127.0±66.3 µg·L−1, p = 0.01), without significant changes in Hbmass. Supplementation had a moderate effect on TMD of IRON (ES -0.77) with scores at week 6 lower than PLACEBO (ES -1.58, p = 0.02). Similarly, at week 6, TFS was significantly improved in IRON vs. PLACEBO (ES –1.54, p = 0.05). There were no significant improvements in 3,000 m time in either group (Week 0 vs. Week 4; Iron: 625.6±55.5 s vs. 625.4±52.7 s; PLACEBO: 624.8±47.2 s vs. 639.1±59.7 s); but IRON reduced their average time for the 10×400 m training session at week 2 (Week 0: 78.0±6.6 s, Week 2: 77.2±6.3; ES–0.20, p = 0.004). Conclusion During 6 weeks of training, intravenous iron supplementation improved perceived fatigue and mood of trained athletes with no clinical iron deficiency, without concurrent improvements in oxygen transport capacity or performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Woods
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australia
| | - Laura A. Garvican-Lewis
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australia
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Greg Lovell
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Bev Anderson
- Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Kevin G. Thompson
- University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Canberra, Australia
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Hanamura T, Mayama C, Aoki H, Hirayama Y, Shimizu M. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Polyphenols from Acerola (Malpighia emarginataDC.) Fruit. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1813-20. [PMID: 16926491 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.50592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A crude acerola polyphenol fraction (C-AP) was prepared by subjecting an acerola extract to a C18 cartridge column, and eluting the adsorbed fraction with ethanol containing 10% of acetic acid. C-AP appeared in a previous study to have an inhibitory effect on alpha-glucosidase and particularly on maltase activities. To elucidate the antihyperglycemic effect of C-AP further, we examined the regulation by C-AP of glucose uptake in Caco-2 cell; this resulted in the inhibition of glucose uptake. We next conducted single administration tests of glucose and maltose to ICR mice to investigate whether C-AP really controlled the intestinal glucose absorption in an animal body. The results showed that C-AP significantly suppressed the plasma glucose level after administering both glucose and maltose, suggesting that C-AP had a preventive effect on hyperglycemia in the postprandial state. The mechanism for this effect is considered to have been both suppression of the intestinal glucose transport and the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase. Despite such a preventive effect, the therapeutic effect of C-AP on hyperglycemia appeared to be low from the experiment with KKAy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hanamura
- Research and Development Division, Nichirei Foods Inc., Chiba, Japan.
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Businge E, Bygdell J, Wingsle G, Moritz T, Egertsdotter U. The effect of carbohydrates and osmoticum on storage reserve accumulation and germination of Norway spruce somatic embryos. Physiol Plant 2013; 149:273-85. [PMID: 23421376 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) represents a useful experimental system for studying the regulatory mechanisms of embryo development. In this study, the effect of carbohydrates and osmoticum on storage reserve accumulation and germination of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] somatic embryos were investigated. Using time lapse photography, we monitored development from proliferation of proembryogenic masses (PEMs) to maturation of somatic embryos in two P. abies cell lines cultured on two maturation treatments. A combination of sugar assays, metabolic and proteomic analyses were used to quantify storage reserves in the mature somatic embryos. The maturation treatment containing a nonpermeating osmoticum, polyethylene glycol (PEG, 7.5%) and maltose (3%) as the carbohydrate gave significantly high maturation and low germination frequencies of somatic embryos compared to the treatment with only 3% sucrose. Somatic embryos treated with 3% sucrose contained high levels of sucrose, raffinose and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. These compounds are known to be involved in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during seed development and maturation. In addition the sucrose treatment significantly increased the content of starch in the somatic embryos while the maltose and PEG treatment resulted in somatic embryos with a high content of storage proteins. The high levels of sucrose, raffinose and LEA proteins in the embryos treated with 3% sucrose suggest that sucrose may improve the germination of somatic embryos by promoting the acquisition of desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Businge
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Miyamoto T, Chen Y, Slone J, Amrein H. Identification of a Drosophila glucose receptor using Ca2+ imaging of single chemosensory neurons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56304. [PMID: 23418550 PMCID: PMC3571953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of food compounds by chemosensory cells is essential for animals to make appropriate feeding decisions. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, structurally diverse chemicals are detected by multimeric receptors composed of members of a large family of Gustatory receptor (Gr) proteins. Putative sugar and bitter receptors are expressed in distinct subsets of Gustatory Receptor Neurons (GRN) of taste sensilla, thereby assigning distinct taste qualities to sugars and bitter tasting compounds, respectively. Here we report a Ca2+ imaging method that allows association of ligand-mediated responses to a single GRN. We find that different sweet neurons exhibit distinct response profiles when stimulated with various sugars, and likewise, different bitter neurons exhibit distinct response profiles when stimulated with a set of bitter chemicals. These observations suggest that individual neurons within a taste modality are represented by distinct repertoires of sweet and bitter taste receptors, respectively. Furthermore, we employed this novel method to identify glucose as the primary ligand for the sugar receptor Gr61a, which is not only expressed in sweet sensing neurons of classical chemosensory sensilla, but also in two supersensitive neurons of atypical taste sensilla. Thus, single cell Ca2+ imaging can be employed as a powerful tool to identify ligands for orphan Gr proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jesse Slone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hubert Amrein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang YJ, Liu LL, Wang YS, Xue YP, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196 fed-batch fermentation at elevated osmolality for enhancing acarbose production. Bioresour Technol 2012; 103:337-342. [PMID: 22029955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acarbose, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, is as an oral anti-diabetic drug for treatment of the type two, noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196, an osmosis-resistant actinomycete, had a broad osmolality optimum between 309 mOsm kg(-1) and 719 mOsm kg(-1). Utilizing this unique feature, an fed-batch culture process under preferential osmolality was constructed through intermittently feeding broths with feed medium consisting of 14.0 g l(-1) maltose, 6.0 g l(-1) glucose and 9.0 g l(-1) soybean meal, at 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h. This intermittent fed-batch culture produced a peak acarbose titer of 4878 mg l(-1), increased by 15.9% over the batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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24
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Heins RA, Choi JH, Sohka T, Ostermeier M. In vitro recombination of non-homologous genes can result in gene fusions that confer a switching phenotype to cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27302. [PMID: 22096548 PMCID: PMC3214044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein activity is central to the complexity of life. The ability to regulate protein activity through exogenously added molecules has biotechnological/biomedical applications and offers tools for basic science. Such regulation can be achieved by establishing a means to modulate the specific activity of the protein (i.e. allostery). An alternative strategy for intracellular regulation of protein activity is to control the amount of protein through effects on its production, accumulation, and degradation. We have previously demonstrated that the non-homologous recombination of the genes encoding maltose binding protein (MBP) and TEM1 β-lactamase (BLA) can result in fusion proteins in which β-lactamase enzyme activity is allosterically regulated by maltose. Here, through use of a two-tiered genetic selection scheme, we demonstrate that such recombination can result in genes that confer maltose-dependent resistance to β-lactam even though they do not encode allosteric enzymes. These ‘phenotypic switch’ genes encode fusion proteins whose accumulation is a result of a specific interaction with maltose. Phenotypic switches represent an important class of proteins for basic science and biotechnological applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Heins
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay H. Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takayuki Sohka
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marc Ostermeier
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sivakumar P, Law YS, Ho CL, Harikrishna JA. High frequency plant regeneration from mature seed of elite, recalcitrant Malaysian indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) CV. MR 219. Acta Biol Hung 2010; 61:313-21. [PMID: 20724277 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.61.2010.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system was established for elite, recalcitrant Malaysian indica rice, Oryza sativa L. CV. MR 219 using mature seeds as explant on Murashige and Skoog and Chu N6 media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and kinetin either alone or in different combinations. L-proline, casein hydrolysate and L-glutamine were added to callus induction media for enhancement of embryogenic callus induction. The highest frequency of friable callus induction (84%) was observed in N6 medium containing 2.5 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 0.2 mg l(-1) kinetin, 2.5 mg l(-1) L-proline, 300 mg l(-1) casein hydrolysate, 20 mg l(-1) L-glutamine and 30 g l(-1) sucrose under culture in continuous lighting conditions. The maximum regeneration frequency (71%) was observed, when 30-day-old N6 friable calli were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg l(-1) 6-benzyl aminopurine, 1 mg l(-1) naphthalene acetic acid, 2.5 mg l(-1) L-proline, 300 mg l(-1) casein hydrolysate and 3% maltose. Developed shoots were rooted in half strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and were successfully transplanted to soil with 95% survival. This protocol may be used for other recalcitrant indica rice genotypes and to transfer desirable genes in to Malaysian indica rice cultivar MR219 for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sivakumar
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR) and Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Jäkel A, Clark H, Reid KBM, Sim RB. The human lung surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) interact with apoptotic target cells by different binding mechanisms. Immunobiology 2009; 215:551-8. [PMID: 19880212 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of the lung surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D in immune defence is well established. They bind to foreign organisms that invade the lungs and target them for phagocytic clearance by resident alveolar macrophages. SP-A and SP-D also bind to various apoptotic cells and facilitate their phagocytic uptake. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which the lung surfactant proteins interact with apoptotic cells and phagocytes are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate further the interactions between SP-A and SP-D and apoptotic cells using human neutrophils and Jurkat cells as model systems. Specifically the binding behaviour of SP-A and SP-D with viable, early apoptotic and late apoptotic cells was investigated and compared. SP-A and SP-D show very distinct binding to the various cell types. SP-A bound to viable and early apoptotic cells in a predominantly Ca(2+)-dependent manner but the interaction with late apoptotic cells was Ca(2+)-independent, suggesting involvement of other than the lectin- or Ca(2+)-binding sites. This was consistent for neutrophils and Jurkat cells. SP-D in contrast, did not interact with viable and early apoptotic Jurkat cells but strongly and in a Ca(2+)-independent manner with late apoptotic Jurkat cells. SP-D-binding to viable and early apoptotic neutrophils was inhibited by maltose and ethylene-diamin-tetra-acetate (EDTA), suggesting lectin-binding site involvement whereas the binding to late apoptotic neutrophils was predominantly Ca(2+)-independent. These results represent a detailed study of the binding behaviour of SP-A and SP-D with different cell types and stages of viability. The mechanisms of these interactions appear to involve preferential recognition of different ligands on the apoptotic cell surface, which may include nucleic acid, phospholipid, protein and glycan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jäkel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
It is widely believed that the photosystem II (PSII) complex may function as a dimer in the thylakoid membrane. Here, we report experimental conversion from the monomeric PSII to the dimeric form by treatment with high concentrations of n-dodecyl-beta-D-maltopyranoside (DM). The content of the PSII monomer in a PsbTc deletion mutant was much higher than in the wild type when solubilized with low concentrations of DM. However, upon treatment with higher concentrations of DM, the PSII dimer was also recovered in the PsbTc deletion mutant. These results suggest that there are at least two distinct processes of dimerization: (i) PsbTc dependent and (ii) DM induced. We discuss the results with regard to the native assembly form(s) of PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Science, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu X, Zhou P, Tran A, Labuza TP. Effects of polyols on the stability of whey proteins in intermediate-moisture food model systems. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:2339-2345. [PMID: 19231894 DOI: 10.1021/jf802789y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of polyols on the stability of whey proteins in an intermediate-moisture food model system and to elucidate the effect of polyols on the hardening of whey protein-based bars during storage. Four major polyols, glycerol, propylene glycol, maltitol, and sorbitol, were evaluated in model systems, which contained whey protein isolate, polyols, and water. The results showed that glycerol was the most effective polyol in lowering water activity and provided the soft texture of intermediate-moisture foods, followed by sorbitol and maltitol. These three polyols stabilized the native structure of whey proteins, provided a desired texture, and slowed the hardening of the model systems. Propylene glycol should not be used in whey protein-based high-protein intermediate-moisture foods because it caused changes in protein conformation and stability as observed by differential scanning calorimeter and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and resulted in aggregation of whey proteins and hardening of the bar texture during storage, causing loss in product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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29
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Pang ST, Hsieh WC, Chuang CK, Chao CH, Weng WH, Juang HH. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: an oxidative stress-related gene is upregulated by glucose in human prostate carcinoma cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2009; 42:205-14. [PMID: 19052253 DOI: 10.1677/jme-08-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin-D(3) upregulated protein 1, interacts with reduced thioredoxin. This protein modulates the cellular redox state and plays a role in stress-induced cellular apoptosis. This study examined TXNIP gene expression in prostate cancer cells. In vitro studies by immunoblot assay have shown that elevated glucose levels (1-15 mM) upregulate TXNIP gene expression two- to fourfold in human prostate carcinoma cells (LNCaP) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Transient gene expression assays reveal that the promoter activity of the TXNIP gene is upregulated by glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, and maltose, but not by mannitol. These results suggest that glucose and 3-O-methylglucose induce TXNIP expression through both glucose metabolism-dependent and -independent pathways. Cotransfection of a plasmid expression carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) with a TXNIP reporter vector into LNCaP cells dramatically enhances reporter activity in a low glucose (1 mM) condition. The effects of glucose are apparently mediated in a region located -341 to -324 bp upstream of the translational starting point of the TXNIP gene as indicated by 5'-deletion and site-directed mutagenesis reporter assays. Mutation of the putative carbohydrate response element (ChoRE) from CACGAGGGCAGCACGAG to TTTGAGGGCAGCACGAG abolishes glucose upregulation of TXNIP promoter activity. The present study demonstrates that TXNIP is transcription induced in both LNCaP and HepG2 cells in an increased glucose metabolism-dependent or -independent response, and a putative glucose regulatory system including ChREBP and ChoRE is needed for glucose-induced TXNIP gene in human prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memory Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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Qin Z, Zhao T, Qiu J, Lin Y, Cai Y. [Germination and propagartors of artificial seeds of Dendrobium huoshanense]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2008; 24:803-809. [PMID: 18724700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The artificial seeds of Dendrobium huoshanese was produced with Auxiliary buds, Protocorm-like bodies, and adventitious shoots. By using orthogonal experiment, we studied the effect of Maltose (%), hormone rate between 6-BA (mgx L(-1)) and NAA (mgL(-1)), active carbon (%), sodium alginate (%), time of ion exchange (min) on germination rate of artificial seeds of D. huoshanese. Then the leaking rate of maltose and variation of pH value of artificial seed capsule during vegetating of artificial seeds of D. huoshanese was measured. The results show that maltose played the most important role in inducing D. huoshanese artificial seeds to germinate. The optimal combination was: maltose 4%, hormone rate between 6-BA (mg x L(-1)) and NAA (mg x L(-1)) 10:1, active carbon 0.1%, sodium Alginate 4%, time of ion exchange is 10 min. Protocorm-like bodies were appropriate propagartor, the germination rate of artificial seeds of D. huoshanese takeing Protocorm-like bodies as the propagartors is 90.1%. After germination, the survival rate of seedlings of artificial seeds was 80.6%, the leaking rate of maltose of artificial seed capsule was 0.52%, and the pH value of artificial seed capsule decreased during the process of vegetation of artificial seeds. After having been stored at 4 degrees C for 20 d, the germination rate of artificial seeds of D. huoshanese takeing Auxiliary buds, Protocorm-like bodies, Adventitious shoots as the propagartors were 3.3%, 10.6%, 5.2%. Under natural conditions the germination rate was 13.8% after 10.0 g/L carbendazim was appended into artificial seed capsule. This result provides a foundation of manufacture and further study of the artificial seeds of D. huoshanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
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31
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Karon BS, Griesmann L, Scott R, Bryant SC, Dubois JA, Shirey TL, Presti S, Santrach PJ. Evaluation of the impact of hematocrit and other interference on the accuracy of hospital-based glucose meters. Diabetes Technol Ther 2008; 10:111-20. [PMID: 18260774 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2007.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most glucose meter comparisons to date have focused on performance specifications likely to impact subcutaneous dosing of insulin. We evaluated four hospital-based glucose meter technologies for accuracy, precision, and analytical interferences likely to be encountered in critically ill patients, with the goal of identifying and discriminating glucose meter performance specifications likely to impact intensive intravenous insulin dosing. METHODS Precision, both within-run and day-to-day, was evaluated on all four glucose meters. Accuracy (bias) of the meters and analytical interference were evaluated by comparing results obtained on whole blood specimens to plasma samples obtained from these whole blood specimens run on a hexokinase reference method. RESULTS Precision was acceptable and differed little between meters. There were significant differences in the degree to which the meters correlated with the reference hexokinase method. Ascorbic acid showed significant interference with three of the four meters. Hematocrit also affected the correlation between whole blood and plasma hexokinase glucose on three of the four glucose meters tested, with the magnitude of this interference also varying by glucose meter technology. CONCLUSIONS Correlation to plasma hexokinase values and hematocrit interference are the main variables that differentiate glucose meters. Meters that correlate with plasma glucose measured by a reference method over a wide range of glucose concentrations and minimize the effects of hematocrit will allow better glycemic control for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Karon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Sun C, Ridderstråle K, Höglund AS, Larsson LG, Jansson C. Sweet delivery - sugar translocators as ports of entry for antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in plant cells. Plant J 2007; 52:1192-1198. [PMID: 17922813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are short (12-25 nt long) stretches of single-stranded DNA that may be delivered to a cell, where they hybridize to the cognate mRNA in a sequence-specific manner, thereby inhibiting gene expression. Here we used confocal microscopy to monitor the uptake and trafficking of ODNs in barley tissues. We conclude that uptake of ODNs across the plant plasma membrane is mediated by active transport of mono- or disaccharides through sugar translocators. We demonstrate that sugar transport can deliver ODNs to barley seeds, and that this strategy may be employed to suppress gene activity in endosperm cells by antisense ODN inhibition. We further found that sucrose compared favorably with oligofectamine as a vehicle for ODN delivery to human cells in a low-serum environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala BioCenter, PO Box 7080, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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López-Nicolás JM, Pérez-López AJ, Carbonell-Barrachina A, García-Carmona F. Kinetic study of the activation of banana juice enzymatic browning by the addition of maltosyl-beta-cyclodextrin. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:9655-9662. [PMID: 17929887 DOI: 10.1021/jf0713399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of cyclodextrins (CDs) as antibrowning agents in fruit juices has received growning attention. However, there has been no detailed study of the behavior of these molecules as substances, which can lead to the darkening of foods. In this paper, when the color of fresh banana juice was evaluated in the presence of different CDs, the evolution of several color parameters was the opposite of that observed in other fruit juices. Moreover, a kinetic model based on the complexation by CDs of the natural browning inhibitors present in banana is developed for the first time to clarify the enzymatic browning activation of banana juice. Finally, the apparent complexation constant between the natural polyphenoloxidase inhibitors present in banana juice and maltosyl-beta-CD was calculated (Kci = 27.026 +/- 0.212 mM (-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- José M López-Nicolás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Inan G, Goto F, Jin JB, Rosado A, Koiwa H, Shi H, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA, Maggio A, Li X. Isolation and characterization of shs1, a sugar-hypersensitive and ABA-insensitive mutant with multiple stress responses. Plant Mol Biol 2007; 65:295-309. [PMID: 17701277 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To identify salt tolerance determinants, we screened for double mutants from a T-DNA tagged sos3-1 mutant population in the Arabidopsis Col-0 gl1 background. The shs1-1 (sodium hypersensitive) sos3-1 mutant was isolated as more sensitive to NaCl than sos3-1 plants. TAIL-PCR revealed that the introduced T-DNA was located 62 bp upstream of the initiation codon of an adenylate translocator-like protein gene on chromosome IV. SHS1 mRNA did not accumulate in shs1-1 sos3-1 plants although it accumulated in shoots of both sos3-1 and the wild type plants, indicating that this gene is inactive in the mutant. Genetic co-linkage analysis revealed that the mutation causing the phenotype segregated as a recessive, single gene mutation. This mutant showed altered sensitive responses to salt as well as to cold stress. It also demonstrated sugar sensitive and ABA insensitive phenotypes including enhanced germination, reduced growth, altered leaf morphology, and necrosis on leaves at an early growth stage. Sensitivity of sos3-1 shs1-1 root growth to LiCl, KCl, and mannitol was not significantly different from growth of sos3-1 roots. Further, expression of 35S::SHS1 in sos3-1 shs1-1 plants complemented NaCl and sugar sensitivity and partially restored the leaf morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunsu Inan
- Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2010, USA
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Abstract
Maltose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules, is used in a number of biological preparations as a stabilizing agent or osmolality regulator. Icodextrin, which is converted to maltose, is present in a peritoneal dialysis solution. Galactose and xylose are found in some foods, herbs, and dietary supplements; they are also used in diagnostic tests. When some blood glucose monitoring systems are used--specifically, those that use test strips containing the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase-pyrroloquinolinequinone or glucose dye oxidoreductase--in patients receiving maltose, icodextrin, galactose, or xylose, interference of blood glucose levels can occur. Maltose, icodextrin, galactose, and xylose are misinterpreted as glucose, which can result in erroneously elevated serum glucose levels. This interference can result in the administration of insulin, which may lead to hypoglycemia. In severe cases of hypoglycemia, deaths have occurred. If patients are receiving maltose, icodextrin, galactose, or xylose, clinicians must review the package inserts of all test strips to determine the type of glucose monitoring system being used and to use only those systems whose tests strips contain glucose oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or glucose dehydrogenase-flavin adenine dinucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Schleis
- Department of Medical Affairs, Octapharma USA, Centreville, Virginia 20120, USA.
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Tokita Y, Yuzurihara M, Sakaguchi M, Satoh K, Kase Y. The pharmacological effects of Daikenchuto, a traditional herbal medicine, on delayed gastrointestinal transit in rat postoperative ileus. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 104:303-10. [PMID: 17666868 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of Daikenchuto, a traditional herbal medicine, on gastrointestinal hypoperistalsis in postoperative ileus (POI) was investigated. POI was induced by laparotomy with manipulation of the gastrointestine under anesthesia, and gastrointestinal transit was calculated by migration of Evans blue. Daikenchuto (270 - 2,700 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently improved the delayed gastrointestinal transit in POI. This effect of Daikenchuto was partially inhibited by SB204070 (1 mg/kg, s.c.), a 5-hydroxytriptamine(4) (5-HT(4))-receptor antagonist and completely abolished by atropine (1 mg/kg, s.c.), a muscarine-receptor antagonist. Among the constituents of Daikenchuto, the medical herb zanthoxylum fruit (60 mg/kg, p.o.) and maltose syrup (2,400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the delayed gastrointestinal transit, but ginseng and processed ginger did not affect the gastrointestinal transit in the rat POI. The improvement induced by zanthoxylum fruit was also inhibited by atropine or SB204070. In addition, the high osmotic pressure of the maltose syrup (2400 mg/10 mL per kg) was related to the improvement of delayed gastrointestinal transit. These results demonstrated that Daikenchuto ameliorates postoperative hypoperistalsis via cholinergic nerves and 5-HT(4) receptors and that osmotic pressure also may be involved in this action. Moreover, zanthoxylum fruit and maltose syrup were crucial medical herbs contributing to the ability of Daikenchuto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tokita
- Central Research Laboratory, Tsumura and Co., Ibaraki, Japan.
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Oh WS, Im YS, Yeon KY, Yoon YJ, Kim JW. Phosphate and carbon source regulation of alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase in Vibrio vulnificus. J Microbiol 2007; 45:311-7. [PMID: 17846584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of phosphate concentration and carbon source on the patterns of alkaline phosphatase (APase) and phospholipase (PLase) expression in Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 29307 were assessed under various conditions. The activities of these enzymes were repressed by excess phosphate (4 mM) in the culture medium, but this repression was reversed upon the onset of phosphate starvation in low phosphate defined medium (LPDM) containing 0.2 mM of phosphate at approximately the end of the exponential growth phase. The expressions of the two enzymes were also influenced by different carbon sources, including glucose, fructose, maltose, glycerol, and sodium acetate at different levels. The APase activity was derepressed most profoundly in LPDM containing fructose as a sole carbon source. However, the repression/derepression of the enzyme by phosphate was not observed in media containing glycerol or sodium acetate. In LPDM-glycerol or sodium acetate, the growth rate was quite low. The highest levels of PLase activity were detected in LPDMsodium acetate, followed by LPDM-fructose. PLase was not fully repressed by high phosphate concentrations when sodium acetate was utilized as the sole carbon source. These results showed that multiple regulatory systems, including the phosphate regulon, may perform a function in the expression of both or either APase and PLC, in the broader context of the survival of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Seok Oh
- Department of Biology, University of Incheon, Incheon 402-749, Republic of Korea
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Quílez J, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Improved Postprandial Response and Feeling of Satiety after Consumption of Low-Calorie Muffins with Maltitol and High-Amylose Corn Starch. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S407-11. [PMID: 17995698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Quílez
- Department de Tecnologia, Europastry, S.A., Ctra. Sarral a Barberà s/n, 43424-Sarral, Spain.
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Lerbret A, Bordat P, Affouard F, Hédoux A, Guinet Y, Descamps M. How Do Trehalose, Maltose, and Sucrose Influence Some Structural and Dynamical Properties of Lysozyme? Insight from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:9410-20. [PMID: 17629322 DOI: 10.1021/jp071946z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of three well-known disaccharides, namely, trehalose, maltose, and sucrose, on some structural and dynamical properties of lysozyme has been investigated by means of molecular dynamics computer simulations in the 37-60 wt % concentration range. The effects of sugars on the protein conformation are found to be relatively weak, in agreement with the preferential hydration of lysozyme. Conversely, sugars seem to increase significantly the relaxation times of the protein. These effects are shown to be correlated to the fractional solvent accessibilities of lysozyme residues and further support the slaving of protein dynamics. Moreover, a significant increase in the relaxation times of lysozyme, sugars, and water molecules is observed within the studied concentration range and may result from the percolation of the hydrogen-bond network of sugar molecules. This percolation appears to be of primary importance to explain the influence of sugars on the dynamical properties of lysozyme and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lerbret
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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Tokita Y, Satoh K, Sakaguchi M, Endoh Y, Mori I, Yuzurihara M, Sakakibara I, Kase Y, Takeda S, Sasaki H. The preventive effect of Daikenchuto on postoperative adhesion-induced intestinal obstruction in rats. Inflammopharmacology 2007; 15:65-6. [PMID: 17450444 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-006-1552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of Daikenchuto (DKT) on postoperative intestinal adhesion in rats. We evaluated the effects of DKT, constituent medical herbs and active compounds on talc-induced intestinal adhesion in rats and DKT-induced contractions using isolated guinea pig ileum. DKT significantly prevented adhesion formation, and this action was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine or ruthenium red. The constituent medical herbs, Zanthoxylum Fruit and Maltose Syrup Powder significantly prevented adhesion formation. Moreover, hydroxy sanshool (HS) prevented adhesion formation, and this action was inhibited by pretreatment with ruthenium red. In contrast, DKT-induced contractions were inhibited by tetrodotoxin, atropine, and capsazepine. These results suggested that DKT had a preventive action on postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction, and that this action was mediated by sensory and cholinergic nerves. Furthermore, HS was found to be one of the active compound of DKT, and its action was mediated by sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tokita
- Central Research Laboratory, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Haresaku S, Hanioka T, Tsutsui A, Yamamoto M, Chou T, Gunjishima Y. Long-Term Effect of Xylitol Gum Use on Mutans Streptococci in Adults. Caries Res 2007; 41:198-203. [PMID: 17426399 DOI: 10.1159/000099318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown the effects of chewing xylitol gum on mutans streptococci (MS) over short- and long-term periods in children; however, few studies have addressed long-term periods in adults. The objective of this investigation was to examine for 6 months the effects of chewing xylitol gum on MS in saliva and plaque in 127 adults (mean age 28.0 years). The participants were assigned to three groups according to gum type, in part taking preference for flavor into account and in part at random: xylitol (XYL), maltitol (MAL) and control (CR); 33, 34 and 27 subjects in each group, respectively, completed the trial. Daily gum use of the XYL and MAL groups was 7.9 and 7.1 g, respectively. MS levels, which declined significantly in saliva (p < 0.05) and plaque (p < 0.001) in the XYL group after 6 months, exhibited a significant increase in plaque in the MAL group (p < 0.001). Differences in relative changes of MS levels in plaque during the experimental period were significant between the XYL group and the CR (p < 0.05) and MAL groups (p < 0.001). Differences in relative change of amount of plaque during the experimental period were not statistically significant between the groups. The present study demonstrated that chewing xylitol gum for 6 months continued to inhibit the growth of mutans streptococci in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haresaku
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Oral Public Health, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mai TT, Chuyen NV. Anti-hyperglycemic activity of an aqueous extract from flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:69-76. [PMID: 17213665 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A screening of 5 plants used for making drinks in Vietnam revealed a Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry flower bud extract to have the highest inhibitory activity against the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The anti-hyperglycemic effects of an aqueous extract from flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (CO), a commonly used material for drink preparation in Vietnam, were therefore investigated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the CO extract inhibited the rat-intestinal maltase and sucrase activities, with IC50 values of 0.70 and 0.47 mg/ml, respectively. These values are lower than those for a guava leaf extract (GE; IC50 0.97 and 1.28 mg/ml, respectively). Postprandial blood glucose testing of normal mice and STZ-induced diabetic rats by maltose loading (2 g/kg body weight (bw)) showed that the blood glucose reduction with CO (500 mg/kg bw) was slightly less than that with acarbose (25 mg/kg bw) but was more potent than that with GE (500 mg/kg bw). In an 8-week experiment, the blood glucose level of STZ diabetic rats treated with 500 mg of CO/kg bw/day was markedly decreased in comparison with that of non-treated diabetic rats. Consequently, CO is considered to be a promising material for preventing and treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Tuyet Mai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, Japan
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Ortiz-Andrade RR, García-Jiménez S, Castillo-España P, Ramírez-Avila G, Villalobos-Molina R, Estrada-Soto S. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extract from Tournefortia hartwegiana: an anti-hyperglycemic agent. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109:48-53. [PMID: 16920301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tournefortia hartwegiana is a Mexican medicinal plant that is used for the treatment of diabetes, diarrhea and kidney pain. In a previous investigation, the methanolic extract of Tournefortia hartwegiana (METh) showed significant hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic properties on normoglycemic and alloxanized rats. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to establish one of the possible modes of action of METh to induce anti-diabetic activity. METh (310mg/kg) effect on alpha-glucosidase activity was investigated. METh intragastric administration was conducted to determine oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), using different substrates: glucose, sucrose and maltose. The increase in plasma glucose level was significantly suppressed (P<0.05) by the extract after substrates administration. On the other hand, METh inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity in vitro, in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) of 3.16mg/mL). These results suggest that METh might exert its anti-diabetic effect by suppressing carbohydrate absorption from intestine, and thereby reducing the post-prandial increase of blood glucose. On the other hand, the bio-guided fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of: beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), lupeol (3), ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), saccharose (6) and myo-inositol (7), using various chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Ortiz-Andrade
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Abstract
Many factors influence alcohol absorption, yet few studies have addressed the issue of whether or not experimental manipulations themselves may affect alcohol absorption. The current balanced placebo design study comparing the expectancy effects of root beer and non-alcoholic beer vehicles resulted in significantly lower blood alcohol levels in the root beer condition than in the beer condition even though alcohol doses were the same. Two possible explanations are discussed; differences in expectancy may have affected absorption, or fructose in the root beer may have slowed absorption of alcohol relative to the maltose in beer. The literature does not provide strong evidence for either of the hypotheses. The implication of this study's results is that alcohol absorption rate may be an important source of confounding effects in behavioral research in the laboratory, because it may be affected by beverages or other experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Cole-Harding
- Department of Addiction Studies, Psychology, and Social Work, Minot State University, 500 University Ave W, Minot, ND 58707, USA.
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Foye OT, Uni Z, Ferket PR. Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys. Poult Sci 2006; 85:1185-92. [PMID: 16830858 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.7.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting dietary components into the amnion about 1 d prior to internal pipping, may enhance growth by altering glycogen status. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate. Four IOF treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of egg white protein (EWP; 0 and 18%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of carbohydrates (S; 20% dextrin and 3% maltose) was evaluated for contrast purposes. At 23 d of incubation, 1.5 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amnion of 100 eggs per treatment. At hatch, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At hatch and 3 and 7 d of age, BW were determined, and 10 poults per treatment were sampled to determine liver (LG) and pectoralis muscle (PC) glycogen content. Poults on IOF treatments A (18% EWP), B (18% EWP + HMB), and D (HMB) weighed 6.0, 2.7, and 3.3% more than the controls at hatch, respectively (P < 0.05) with an EWP x HMB interaction (P < 0.05) sustained to 3 and 7 d only in treatment D (P < 0.005). At hatch, A and D poults had greater percentages of PC (P < 0.05) than controls, and the percentage of PC in treatment D was sustained until 7 d. Total LG was enhanced by A and B at 7 d (P < 0.05) over the controls, whereas total PC glycogen was enhanced at 7 d by IOF treatment D (P < 0.05). The IOF A and S poults had greater BW than the controls at hatch only (P < 0.05). The IOF treatment A had greater LG at hatch (P < 0.05), but by 7 d, A and S had greater LG than controls (P < 0.05). Poults fed S in ovo had enhanced total PC glycogen over controls, whereas poults on treatment A had less total PC glycogen than controls (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment demonstrate that IOF of A or S poults may enhance hatch BW and glycogen status of poults during the neonatal period by inclusion of HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Foye
- Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA
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Zhang H, Kallwass H, Young SP, Carr C, Dai J, Kishnani PS, Millington DS, Keutzer J, Chen YT, Bali D. Comparison of maltose and acarbose as inhibitors of maltase-glucoamylase activity in assaying acid α-glucosidase activity in dried blood spots for the diagnosis of infantile Pompe disease. Genet Med 2006; 8:302-6. [PMID: 16702880 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000217781.66786.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study's purpose was to compare acarbose and maltose as inhibitors of maltase-glucoamylase activity for determining acid alpha-glucosidase activity in dried blood spot specimens for early identification of patients with infantile Pompe disease, a severe form of acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. METHODS Acid alpha-glucosidase activities in dried blood spot extracts were determined fluorometrically using the artificial substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-pyranoside. Acarbose or maltose was used to inhibit maltase-glucoamylase, an enzyme present in polymorphonuclear neutrophils that contributes to the total alpha-glucosidase activity at acidic pH. RESULTS Complete discrimination between patients with proven infantile Pompe disease (n = 20), obligate heterozygotes (n = 16), and controls (n = 150) was achieved using 8 micromol/L acarbose as the inhibitor. Higher acarbose concentration (80 micromol/L) did not improve the assay. By using 4 mM maltose as the inhibitor, heterozygotes and patients were not completely separated. The results using acarbose compared well with those using the skin fibroblast assay in the same group of patients with proven infantile Pompe disease. CONCLUSION Acid alpha-glucosidase activity measurements in dried blood spot extracts can reliably detect infantile Pompe disease in patients. The convenience of collecting and shipping dried blood specimens plus rapid turnaround time makes this assay an attractive alternative to established methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27709, USA
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Abstract
Three separate experiments were conducted to determine if the addition of carbohydrate sources directly to freshly-produced laying hen manure reduced the loss of gaseous nitrogen containing compounds during 7 d of storage. The addition of sucrose (8 g/kg) to the manure resulted in a greater increase in bacterial numbers, a greater loss of carbon and a trend for a reduced loss of nitrogen. Although glucose addition to the manure increased bacterial numbers and tended to increase carbon loss, nitrogen loss increased relative to the control. Addition of straw to the manure did not affect the change in bacterial numbers or rate of nitrogen loss compared to the control treatment. Experiment 2 indicated that, when either sucrose or maltose were mixed (8 g/kg) with laying hen manure, microbial numbers were increased and gaseous nitrogen losses were reduced. A combination of starch plus alpha-amylase did not affect the characteristics of the manure. Experiment 3 showed that increasing sucrose addition gave a non-linear reduction in nitrogen loss. Minimum nitrogen loss was obtained with 35 g/kg sucrose, though the maximum increase in bacterial numbers occurred at 20 g/kg of added sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Pratt
- The National Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, England
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Söderlind E, Karlsson L. Haemolytic activity of maltopyranoside surfactants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 62:254-9. [PMID: 16274978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The haemolytic activity of a number of maltopyranoside surfactants was studied. The study included octyl, nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cyclohexyl-propyl, cyclohexyl-hexyl, and dimethyl-heptyl maltopyranoside. The in vitro haemolytic activity was determined by employing a static method in which surfactants are added to an erythrocyte suspension and the released haemoglobin is determined. It was found that alkyl maltopyranosides become more haemolytic the longer the alkyl chain. Branching or presence of cyclic groups clearly decreases haemolytic activity, but it also increases the critical micelle concentration. As a result, the cyclic or branched surfactants do not become better solubilizing excipients than the straight-chain surfactants. The most useful surfactant for pharmaceutical applications appears to be tetradecyl maltopyranoside, which is the least haemolytic surfactant relative to its critical micelle concentration.
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Abstract
Gene expression databases, acquired by proteomics and transcriptomics, describe physiological and developmental programs at the systems level. Here we analyze proteosynthetic profiles in a bacterium undergoing defined metabolic changes. Streptomyces coelicolor cultured in a defined liquid medium displays four distinct patterns of gene expression associated with growth on glutamate, diauxic transition, and growth on maltose and ammonia that terminates by starvation for nitrogen and entry into stationary phase. Principal component and fuzzy cluster analyses of the proteome database of 935 protein spot profiles revealed principal kinetic patterns. Online linkage of the proteome database (SWICZ) to a protein-function database (KEGG) revealed limited correlations between expression profiles and metabolic pathway activities. Proteins belonging to principal metabolic pathways defined characteristic kinetic profiles correlated with the physiological state of the culture. These analyses supported the concept that metabolic flux was regulated not by individual enzymes but rather by groups of enzymes whose synthesis responded to changes in nutritional conditions. Higher-level regulation is reflected by the distribution of all kinetic profiles into only nine groups. The observation that enzymes representing principal metabolic pathways displayed their own distinctive average kinetic profiles suggested that expression of a "high-flux backbone" may dominate regulation of metabolic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Vohradsky
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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D'Amico S, Sohier JS, Feller G. Kinetics and energetics of ligand binding determined by microcalorimetry: insights into active site mobility in a psychrophilic alpha-amylase. J Mol Biol 2006; 358:1296-304. [PMID: 16580683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new microcalorimetric method for recording the kinetic parameters k(cat), K(m) and K(i) of alpha-amylases using polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as substrates is described. This method is based on the heat released by glycosidic bond hydrolysis. The method has been developed to study the active site properties of the cold-active alpha-amylase produced by an Antarctic psychrophilic bacterium in comparison with its closest structural homolog from pig pancreas. It is shown that the psychrophilic alpha-amylase is more active on large macromolecular substrates and that the higher rate constants k(cat) are gained at the expense of a lower affinity for the substrate. The active site is able to accommodate larger inhibitory complexes, resulting in a mixed-type inhibition of starch hydrolysis by maltose. A method for recording the binding enthalpies by isothermal titration calorimetry in a low-affinity system has been developed, allowing analysis of the energetics of weak ligand binding using the allosteric activator chloride. It is shown that the low affinity of the psychrophilic alpha-amylase for chloride is entropically driven. The high enthalpic and entropic contributions of activator binding suggest large structural fluctuations between the free and the bound states of the cold-active enzyme. The kinetic and thermodynamic data for the psychrophilic alpha-amylase indicate that the strictly conserved side-chains involved in substrate binding and catalysis possess an improved mobility, responsible for activity in the cold, and resulting from the disappearance of stabilizing interactions far from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D'Amico
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Liège, Institute of Chemistry B6a, B-4000 Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium
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