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Despicht C, Munkboel CH, Chou HN, Ertl P, Rothbauer M, Kutter JP, Styrishave B, Kretschmann A. Towards a microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay-biocompatibility study and steroid detection on a thiol-ene-based chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5421-5436. [PMID: 37438566 PMCID: PMC10444685 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-based microfluidic assays offers exciting new opportunities in toxicity testing, allowing for integration of new functionalities, automation, and high throughput in comparison to traditional well-plate assays. As endocrine disruption caused by environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals represents a growing global health burden, the purpose of the current study was to contribute towards the miniaturization of the H295R steroidogenesis assay, from the well-plate to the microfluidic format. Microfluidic chip fabrication with the established well-plate material polystyrene (PS) is expensive and complicated; PDMS and thiol-ene were therefore tested as potential chip materials for microfluidic H295R cell culture, and evaluated in terms of cell attachment, cell viability, and steroid synthesis in the absence and presence of collagen surface modification. Additionally, spike-recovery experiments were performed, to investigate potential steroid adsorption to chip materials. Cell aggregation with poor steroid recoveries was observed for PDMS, while cells formed monolayer cultures on the thiol-ene chip material, with cell viability and steroid synthesis comparable to cells grown on a PS surface. As thiol-ene overall displayed more favorable properties for H295R cell culture, a microfluidic chip design and corresponding cell seeding procedure were successfully developed, achieving repeatable and uniform cell distribution in microfluidic channels. Finally, H295R perfusion culture on thiol-ene chips was investigated at different flow rates (20, 10, and 2.5 µL/min), and 13 steroids were detected in eluting cell medium over 48 h at the lowest flow rate. The presented work and results pave the way for a time-resolved microfluidic H295R steroidogenesis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Despicht
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Cecilie H Munkboel
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Hua Nee Chou
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Microscale Analytical Systems, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, OE, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Kretschmann
- Toxicology and Drug Metabolism Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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Brogaard L, Lyngby JG, Kristensen AT, Fredholm M, Bjørnvad CR, Salavati Schmitz S, Skancke E, Morris JS, Dupont N, Argyle D, Sánchez A, Spohr A, Graarup‐Hansen K, Nielsen LN, Cirera S. Association of serum and fecal microRNA profiles in cats with gastrointestinal cancer and chronic inflammatory enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1738-1749. [PMID: 37486176 PMCID: PMC10473000 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) from chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in cats can be challenging and often requires extensive diagnostic testing. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have promise as non-invasive biomarkers in serum and feces for diagnosis of GIC. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Cats with GIC will have serum and fecal miRNA profiles that differ significantly from healthy cats and cats with CIE. Identify serum and fecal miRNAs with diagnostic potential for differentiation between cats with GIC and CIE as compared to healthy cats. ANIMALS Ten healthy cats, 9 cats with CIE, and 10 cats with GIC; all client-owned. METHODS Cats were recruited for an international multicenter observational prospective case-control study. Serum and feces were screened using small RNA sequencing for miRNAs that differed in abundance between cats with GIC and CIE, and healthy cats. Diagnostic biomarker potential of relevant miRNAs from small RNA sequencing and the literature was confirmed using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Serum miR-223-3p was found to distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.760-1.0), sensitivity of 90% (95% CI, 59.6-99.5%), and specificity of 77.8% (95% CI, 45.3-96.1%). Serum miR-223-3p likewise showed promise in differentiating a subgroup of cats with small cell lymphoma (SCL) from those with CIE. No fecal miRNAs could distinguish between cats with GIC and CIE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Serum miR-223-3p potentially may serve as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of GIC in cats, in addition to providing a much needed tool for the differentiation of CIE and SCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
- Present address:
Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkLyngbyDenmark
| | - Janne G. Lyngby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Charlotte R. Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Ellen Skancke
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical SciencesNorwegian University of the Life SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Joanna S. Morris
- College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Nana Dupont
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - David Argyle
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary SciencesUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), and University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Lise N. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Müller E, Hackney CM, Ellgaard L, Morth JP. High-resolution crystal structure of the Mu8.1 conotoxin from Conus mucronatus. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2023; 79:240-246. [PMID: 37642664 PMCID: PMC10478764 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x23007070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cone snails produce a wealth of peptide toxins (conotoxins) that bind their molecular targets with high selectivity and potency. Therefore, conotoxins constitute valuable biomolecular tools with a variety of biomedical purposes. The Mu8.1 conotoxin from Conus mucronatus is the founding member of the newly identified saposin-like conotoxin class of conotoxins and has been shown to target Cav2.3, a voltage-gated calcium channel. Two crystal structures have recently been determined of Mu8.1 at 2.3 and 2.1 Å resolution. Here, a high-resolution crystal structure of Mu8.1 was determined at 1.67 Å resolution in the high-symmetry space group I4122. The asymmetric unit contained one molecule, with a symmetry-related molecule generating a dimer equivalent to that observed in the two previously determined structures. The high resolution allows a detailed atomic analysis of a water-filled cavity buried at the dimer interface, revealing a tightly coordinated network of waters that shield a lysine residue (Lys55) with a predicted unusually low side-chain pKa value. These findings are discussed in terms of a potential functional role of Lys55 in target interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Müller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Preben Morth
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Wolfram M, Tiwari MK, Hassenkam T, Li M, Bjerrum MJ, Meldal M. Cascade autohydrolysis of Alzheimer's Aβ peptides. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4986-4996. [PMID: 37206405 PMCID: PMC10189894 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06668h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein/peptide self-assembly into amyloid structures associates with major neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble assemblies (oligomers) of the Aβ peptide and their aggregates are perceived as neurotoxic species in AD. While screening for synthetic cleavage agents that could break down such aberrant assemblies through hydrolysis, we observed that the assemblies of Aβ oligopeptides, containing the nucleation sequence Aβ14-24 (H14QKLVFFAEDV24), could act as cleavage agents by themselves. Autohydrolysis showed a common fragment fingerprint among various mutated Aβ14-24 oligopeptides, Aβ12-25-Gly and Aβ1-28, and full-length Aβ1-40/42, under physiologically relevant conditions. Primary endoproteolytic autocleavage at the Gln15-Lys16, Lys16-Leu17 and Phe19-Phe20 positions was followed by subsequent exopeptidase self-processing of the fragments. Control experiments with homologous d-amino acid enantiomers Aβ12-25-Gly and Aβ16-25-Gly showed the same autocleavage pattern under similar reaction conditions. The autohydrolytic cascade reaction (ACR) was resilient to a broad range of conditions (20-37 °C, 10-150 μM peptide concentration at pH 7.0-7.8). Evidently, assemblies of the primary autocleavage fragments acted as structural/compositional templates (autocatalysts) for self-propagating autohydrolytic processing at the Aβ16-21 nucleation site, showing the potential for cross-catalytic seeding of the ACR in larger Aβ isoforms (Aβ1-28 and Aβ1-40/42). This result may shed new light on Aβ behaviour in solution and might be useful in the development of intervention strategies to decompose or inhibit neurotoxic Aβ assemblies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wolfram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Manish K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Tue Hassenkam
- Globe Institute, Section for Geobiology, Copenhagen University Øster Voldgade 5-7 1350 Copenhagen K Denmark
| | - Ming Li
- Technical University of Denmark, The Danish Hydrocarbon Research and Technology Centre Elektrovej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Morten J Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark +45 27202355 +45 21308299
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Sun B, Bhati KK, Song P, Edwards A, Petri L, Kruusvee V, Blaakmeer A, Dolde U, Rodrigues V, Straub D, Yang J, Jia G, Wenkel S. FIONA1-mediated methylation of the 3’UTR of FLC affects FLC transcript levels and flowering in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010386. [PMID: 36166469 PMCID: PMC9543952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine bases of RNA can be transiently modified by the deposition of a methyl-group to form N6-methyladenosine (m6A). This adenosine-methylation is an ancient process and the enzymes involved are evolutionary highly conserved. A genetic screen designed to identify suppressors of late flowering transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the miP1a microProtein yielded a new allele of the FIONA1 (FIO1) m6A-methyltransferase. To characterize the early flowering phenotype of fio1 mutant plants we employed an integrative approach of mRNA-seq, Nanopore direct RNA-sequencing and meRIP-seq to identify differentially expressed transcripts as well as differentially methylated RNAs. We provide evidence that FIO1 is the elusive methyltransferase responsible for the 3’-end methylation of the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) transcript. Furthermore, our genetic and biochemical data suggest that 3’-methylation stabilizes FLC mRNAs and non-methylated FLC is a target for rapid degradation. Plants constantly measure environmental parameters such as temperature, light-quality, -quantity and -duration, as well as other parameters to adjust their growth and development. The transition to flowering is a crucial transition during plant development because it impacts the number of fertile offspring a plant can produce. Thus, this transition is under tight control by various transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. In a genetic screen for early flowering mutants, we identified the gene encoding the FIONA1 methyltransferase to act as a repressor of flowering. Investigation of the changes of the transcriptome and m6A-RNA-methylome revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes and methylated RNAs. Among these RNAs is the also the mRNA of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C that shows loss of m6A methylation in the 3’UTR that causes destabilization of the FLC transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kaushal Kumar Bhati
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peizhe Song
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ashleigh Edwards
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Louise Petri
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Valdeko Kruusvee
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Anko Blaakmeer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Dolde
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Vandasue Rodrigues
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Straub
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Junbo Yang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guifang Jia
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- NovoCrops Center, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Pedersen TB, Nielsen MR, Kristensen SB, Spedtsberg EML, Sørensen T, Petersen C, Muff J, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen KL, Wimmer R, Gardiner DM, Sørensen JL. Speed dating for enzymes! Finding the perfect phosphopantetheinyl transferase partner for your polyketide synthase. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:9. [PMID: 35012550 PMCID: PMC8751348 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathways for the fungal polyketides bikaverin and bostrycoidin, from Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium solani respectively, were reconstructed and heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae alongside seven different phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases) from a variety of origins spanning bacterial, yeast and fungal origins. In order to gauge the efficiency of the interaction between the ACP-domains of the polyketide synthases (PKS) and PPTases, each were co-expressed individually and the resulting production of target polyketides were determined after 48 h of growth. In co-expression with both biosynthetic pathways, the PPTase from Fusarium verticillioides (FvPPT1) proved most efficient at producing both bikaverin and bostrycoidin, at 1.4 mg/L and 5.9 mg/L respectively. Furthermore, the remaining PPTases showed the ability to interact with both PKS's, except for a single PKS-PPTase combination. The results indicate that it is possible to boost the production of a target polyketide, simply by utilizing a more optimal PPTase partner, instead of the commonly used PPTases; NpgA, Gsp and Sfp, from Aspergillus nidulans, Brevibacillus brevis and Bacillus subtilis respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruun Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Mie Lang Spedtsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Trine Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Celine Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens Muff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kåre Lehmann Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Aalborg, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Donald Max Gardiner
- The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Esbjerg, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark.
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Coll-Satue C, Jansman MMT, Thulstrup PW, Hosta-Rigau L. Optimization of Hemoglobin Encapsulation within PLGA Nanoparticles and Their Investigation as Potential Oxygen Carriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1958. [PMID: 34834373 PMCID: PMC8619773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) display the excellent oxygen-carrying properties of red blood cells, while overcoming some of the limitations of donor blood. Various encapsulation platforms have been explored to prepare HBOCs which aim to avoid or minimize the adverse effects caused by the administration of free Hb. Herein, we entrapped Hb within a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) core, prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. We study the effect of the concentrations of Hb, PLGA, and emulsifier on the size, polydispersity (PDI), loading capacity (LC), and entrapment efficiency (EE) of the resulting Hb-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (HbNPs). Next, the ability of the HbNPs to reversibly bind and release oxygen was thoroughly evaluated. When needed, trehalose, a well-known protein stabilizer that has never been explored for the fabrication of HBOCs, was incorporated to preserve Hb's functionality. The optimized formulation had a size of 344 nm, a PDI of 0.172, a LC of 26.9%, and an EE of 40.7%. The HbNPs were imaged by microscopy and were further characterized by FTIR and CD spectroscopy to assess their chemical composition and structure. Finally, the ability of the encapsulated Hb to bind and release oxygen over several rounds was demonstrated, showing the preservation of its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Coll-Satue
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.C.-S.); (M.M.T.J.)
| | - Michelle Maria Theresia Jansman
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.C.-S.); (M.M.T.J.)
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (C.C.-S.); (M.M.T.J.)
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Ilhan-Ayisigi E, Ghazal A, Sartori B, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE, Yesil-Celiktas O, Yaghmur A. Continuous Microfluidic Production of Citrem-Phosphatidylcholine Nano-Self-Assemblies for Thymoquinone Delivery. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1510. [PMID: 34200457 PMCID: PMC8229635 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lamellar and non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanodispersions, including liposomes, cubosomes, and hexosomes are attractive platforms for drug delivery, bio-imaging, and related pharmaceutical applications. As compared to liposomes, there is a modest number of reports on the continuous production of cubosomes and hexosomes. Using a binary lipid mixture of citrem and soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), we describe the continuous production of nanocarriers for delivering thymoquinone (TQ, a substance with various therapeutic potentials) by employing a commercial microfluidic hydrodynamic flow-focusing chip. In this study, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were employed to characterize TQ-free and TQ-loaded citrem/SPC nanodispersions. Microfluidic synthesis led to formation of TQ-free and TQ-loaded nanoparticles with mean sizes around 115 and 124 nm, and NTA findings indicated comparable nanoparticle size distributions in these nanodispersions. Despite the attractiveness of the microfluidic chip for continuous production of citrem/SPC nano-self-assemblies, it was not efficient as comparable mean nanoparticle sizes were obtained on employing a batch (discontinuous) method based on low-energy emulsification method. SAXS results indicated the formation of a biphasic feature of swollen lamellar (Lα) phase in coexistence with an inverse bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase in all continuously produced TQ-free and TQ-loaded nanodispersions. Further, a set of SAXS experiments were conducted on samples prepared using the batch method for gaining further insight into the effects of ethanol and TQ concentration on the structural features of citrem/SPC nano-self-assemblies. We discuss these effects and comment on the need to introduce efficient microfluidic platforms for producing nanocarriers for delivering TQ and other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Ilhan-Ayisigi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey; (E.I.-A.); (O.Y.-C.)
- Genetic and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Aghiad Ghazal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Barbara Sartori
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/4, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU Bioengineering—Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- DTU Bioengineering—Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Bldg. 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (M.D.); (W.E.S.)
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey; (E.I.-A.); (O.Y.-C.)
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiotracers are widely used in medical imaging, using techniques of gamma-camera imaging (scintigraphy and SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET). In bone marrow infection, there is no single routine test available that can detect infection with sufficiently high diagnostic accuracy. Here, we review radiotracers used for imaging of bone marrow infection, also known as osteomyelitis, with a focus on why these molecules are relevant for the task, based on their physiological uptake mechanisms. The review comprises [67Ga]Ga-citrate, radiolabelled leukocytes, radiolabelled nanocolloids (bone marrow) and radiolabelled phosphonates (bone structure), and [18F]FDG as established radiotracers for bone marrow infection imaging. Tracers that are under development or testing for this purpose include [68Ga]Ga-citrate, [18F]FDG, [18F]FDS and other non-glucose sugar analogues, [15O]water, [11C]methionine, [11C]donepezil, [99mTc]Tc-IL-8, [68Ga]Ga-Siglec-9, phage-display selected peptides, and the antimicrobial peptide [99mTc]Tc-UBI29-41 or [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-UBI29-41. CONCLUSION Molecular radiotracers allow studies of physiological processes such as infection. None of the reviewed molecules are ideal for the imaging of infections, whether bone marrow or otherwise, but each can give information about a separate aspect such as physiology or biochemistry. Knowledge of uptake mechanisms, pitfalls, and challenges is useful in both the use and development of medically relevant radioactive tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jødal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Pia Afzelius
- Zealand Hospital, Køge, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-4600 Køge, Denmark;
| | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Svend Borup Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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10
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Laursen SF, Hansen LS, Bahrndorff S, Nielsen HM, Noer NK, Renault D, Sahana G, Sørensen JG, Kristensen TN. Contrasting Manual and Automated Assessment of Thermal Stress Responses and Larval Body Size in Black Soldier Flies and Houseflies. Insects 2021; 12:380. [PMID: 33922364 PMCID: PMC8146041 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Within ecophysiological and genetic studies on insects, morphological and physiological traits are commonly assessed and phenotypes are typically obtained from manual measurements on numerous individuals. Manual observations are, however, time consuming, can introduce observer bias and are prone to human error. Here, we contrast results obtained from manual assessment of larval size and thermal tolerance traits in black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) and houseflies (Musca domestica) that have been acclimated under three different temperature regimes with those obtained automatically using an image analysis software (Noldus EthoVision XT). We found that (i) larval size estimates of both species, obtained by manual weighing or by using the software, were highly correlated, (ii) measures of heat and cold tolerance using manual and automated approaches provided qualitatively similar results, and (iii) by using the software we obtained quantifiable information on stress responses and acclimation effects of potentially higher ecological relevance than the endpoint traits that are typically assessed when manual assessments are used. Based on these findings, we argue that automated assessment of insect stress responses and largescale phenotyping of morphological traits such as size will provide new opportunities within many disciplines where accurate and largescale phenotyping of insects is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Frey Laursen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Laura Skrubbeltrang Hansen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Hanne Marie Nielsen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Natasja Krog Noer
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystémes, Biodiversité, Evolution)-UMR, 6553 Rennes, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Goutam Sahana
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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11
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Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19), caused by the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), highlights the need for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. In this Essay, it is argued that such agents already exist and are readily available while highlighting the challenges that remain to translate them into the clinic. Multivalent inhibitors of viral infectivity based on polymers or supramolecular agents and nanoparticles are shown to be broadly acting against diverse pathogens in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, uniquely, such agents can be virucidal. Polymers and nanoparticles are stable, do not require cold chain of transportation and storage, and can be obtained on large scale. Specifically, for the treatment of respiratory viruses and pulmonary diseases, these agents can be administered via inhalation/nebulization, as is currently investigated in clinical trials as a treatment against SARS CoV-2/Covid-19. It is believed that with due optimization and clinical validation, multivalent inhibitors of viral infectivity can claim their rightful position as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus8000Denmark
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials and Bioengineering InstituteEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
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12
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Paulsen SS, Isbrandt T, Kirkegaard M, Buijs Y, Strube ML, Sonnenschein EC, Larsen TO, Gram L. Production of the antimicrobial compound tetrabromopyrrole and the Pseudomonas quinolone system precursor, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone, by a novel marine species Pseudoalteromonas galatheae sp. nov. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21630. [PMID: 33303891 PMCID: PMC7730127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel antimicrobials are urgently needed due to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In a genome-wide analysis of Pseudoalteromonas strains, one strain (S4498) was noticed due to its potent antibiotic activity. It did not produce the yellow antimicrobial pigment bromoalterochromide, which was produced by several related type strains with which it shared less than 95% average nucleotide identity. Also, it produced a sweet-smelling volatile not observed from other strains. Mining the genome of strain S4498 using the secondary metabolite prediction tool antiSMASH led to eight biosynthetic gene clusters with no homology to known compounds, and synteny analyses revealed that the yellow pigment bromoalterochromide was likely lost during evolution. Metabolome profiling of strain S4498 using HPLC-HRMS analyses revealed marked differences to the type strains. In particular, a series of quinolones known as pseudanes were identified and verified by NMR. The characteristic odor of the strain was linked to the pseudanes. The highly halogenated compound tetrabromopyrrole was detected as the major antibacterial component by bioassay-guided fractionation. Taken together, the polyphasic analysis demonstrates that strain S4498 belongs to a novel species within the genus Pseudoalteromonas, and we propose the name Pseudoalteromonas galatheae sp. nov. (type strain S4498T = NCIMB 15250T = LMG 31599T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Skøtt Paulsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Isbrandt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Markus Kirkegaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yannick Buijs
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikael Lenz Strube
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva C Sonnenschein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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13
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Pedersen TB, Nielsen MR, Kristensen SB, Spedtsberg EML, Yasmine W, Matthiesen R, Kaniki SEK, Sørensen T, Petersen C, Muff J, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen KL, Wimmer R, Sørensen JL. Heterologous Expression of the Core Genes in the Complex Fusarubin Gene Cluster of Fusarium Solani. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7601. [PMID: 33066643 PMCID: PMC7589453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Through stepwise recreation of the biosynthetic gene cluster containing PKS3 from Fusarium solani, it was possible to produce the core scaffold compound of bostrycoidin, a red aza-anthraquinone pigment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This was achieved through sequential transformation associated recombination (TAR) cloning of FvPPT, fsr1, fsr2, and fsr3 into the pESC-vector system, utilizing the inducible bidirectional galactose promoter for heterologous expression in S. cerevisiae. The production of the core metabolite bostrycoidin was investigated through triplicate growth cultures for 1-4 days, where the maximum titer of bostrycoidin was achieved after 2 days of induction, yielding 2.2 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bruun Pedersen
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Mikkel Rank Nielsen
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Sebastian Birkedal Kristensen
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Eva Mie Lang Spedtsberg
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Wafaa Yasmine
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Rikke Matthiesen
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Samba Evelyne Kabemba Kaniki
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Trine Sørensen
- Aalborg University Aalborg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (T.S.); (C.P.); (T.E.S.); (K.L.N.); (R.W.)
| | - Celine Petersen
- Aalborg University Aalborg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (T.S.); (C.P.); (T.E.S.); (K.L.N.); (R.W.)
| | - Jens Muff
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Aalborg University Aalborg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (T.S.); (C.P.); (T.E.S.); (K.L.N.); (R.W.)
| | - Kåre Lehmann Nielsen
- Aalborg University Aalborg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (T.S.); (C.P.); (T.E.S.); (K.L.N.); (R.W.)
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Aalborg University Aalborg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (T.S.); (C.P.); (T.E.S.); (K.L.N.); (R.W.)
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Aalborg University Esbjerg, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark; (T.B.P.); (M.R.N.); (S.B.K.); (E.M.L.S.); (W.Y.); (R.M.); (S.E.K.K.); (J.M.)
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14
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Immobilization of BMP-2 and VEGF within Multilayered Polydopamine-Coated Scaffolds and the Resulting Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergy of Co-Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6418. [PMID: 32899269 PMCID: PMC7503899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the fabrication of a polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold incorporating growth factors to be used for bone regeneration. Two growth factors were incorporated employing a multilayered coating based on polydopamine (PDA). In particular, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was bound onto the inner PDA layer while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immobilized onto the outer one. Herein, the in vitro release of both growth factors is evaluated. A fastest VEGF delivery followed by a slow and more sustained release of BMP-2 was demonstrated, thus fitting the needs for bone tissue engineering applications. Due to the relevance of the crosstalk between bone-promoting and vessel-forming cells during bone healing, the functionalized scaffolds are further assessed on a co-culture setup of human mesenchymal stem cells and human endothelial progenitor cells. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression analysis indicates a synergistic effect between the growth factor-loaded scaffolds and the co-culture conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed scaffolds hold great potential as an efficient platform for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Ana M. López-Periago
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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15
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Chen A, Hansen TH, Olsen LI, Palmgren M, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Persson DP. Towards single-cell ionomics: a novel micro-scaled method for multi-element analysis of nanogram-sized biological samples. Plant Methods 2020; 16:31. [PMID: 32165911 PMCID: PMC7059671 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand processes regulating nutrient homeostasis at the single-cell level there is a need for new methods that allow multi-element profiling of biological samples ultimately only available as isolated tissues or cells, typically in nanogram-sized samples. Apart from tissue isolation, the main challenges for such analyses are to obtain a complete and homogeneous digestion of each sample, to keep sample dilution at a minimum and to produce accurate and reproducible results. In particular, determining the weight of small samples becomes increasingly challenging when the sample amount decreases. RESULTS We developed a novel method for sampling, digestion and multi-element analysis of nanogram-sized plant tissue, along with strategies to quantify element concentrations in samples too small to be weighed. The method is based on tissue isolation by laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by pressurized micro-digestion and ICP-MS analysis, the latter utilizing a stable µL min-1 sample aspiration system. The method allowed for isolation, digestion and analysis of micro-dissected tissues from barley roots with an estimated sample weight of only ~ 400 ng. In the collection and analysis steps, a number of contamination sources were identified. Following elimination of these sources, several elements, including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and manganese (Mn), could be quantified. By measuring the exact area and thickness of each of the micro-dissected tissues, their volume was calculated. Combined with an estimated sample density, the sample weights could subsequently be calculated and the fact that these samples were too small to be weighed could thereby be circumvented. The method was further documented by analysis of Arabidopsis seeds (~ 20 µg) as well as tissue fractions of such seeds (~ 10 µg). CONCLUSIONS The presented method enables collection and multi-element analysis of small-sized biological samples, ranging down to the nanogram level. As such, the method paves the road for single cell and tissue-specific quantitative ionomics, which allow for future transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic data to be correlated with ionomic profiles. Such analyses will deepen our understanding of how the elemental composition of plants is regulated, e.g. by transporter proteins and physical barriers (i.e. the Casparian strip and suberin lamellae in the root endodermis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lene I. Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan K. Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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16
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Andrzejczak OA, Havelund JF, Wang WQ, Kovalchuk S, Hagensen CE, Hasler-Sheetal H, Jensen ON, Rogowska-Wrzesinska A, Møller IM, Hebelstrup KH. The Hypoxic Proteome and Metabolome of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without Phytoglobin Priming. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1546. [PMID: 32102473 PMCID: PMC7073221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of phytoglobins (formerly plant hemoglobins) increases the survival rate of plant tissues under hypoxia stress by the following two known mechanisms: (1) scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) in the phytoglobin/NO cycle and (2) mimicking ethylene priming to hypoxia when NO scavenging activates transcription factors that are regulated by levels of NO and O2 in the N-end rule pathway. To map the cellular and metabolic effects of hypoxia in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise), with or without priming to hypoxia, we studied the proteome and metabolome of wild type (WT) and hemoglobin overexpressing (HO) plants in normoxia and after 24 h hypoxia (WT24, HO24). The WT plants were more susceptible to hypoxia than HO plants. The chlorophyll a + b content was lowered by 50% and biomass by 30% in WT24 compared to WT, while HO plants were unaffected. We observed an increase in ROS production during hypoxia treatment in WT seedlings that was not observed in HO seedlings. We identified and quantified 9694 proteins out of which 1107 changed significantly in abundance. Many proteins, such as ion transporters, Ca2+-signal transduction, and proteins related to protein degradation were downregulated in HO plants during hypoxia, but not in WT plants. Changes in the levels of histones indicates that chromatin restructuring plays a role in the priming of hypoxia. We also identified and quantified 1470 metabolites, of which the abundance of >500 changed significantly. In summary the data confirm known mechanisms of hypoxia priming by ethylene priming and N-end rule activation; however, the data also indicate the existence of other mechanisms for hypoxia priming in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Andrzejczak
- Department of Agroecology, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Jesper F. Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Sergey Kovalchuk
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Christina E. Hagensen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Harald Hasler-Sheetal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
- Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ole N. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Adelina Rogowska-Wrzesinska
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (J.F.H.); (W.-Q.W.); (S.K.); (C.E.H.); (H.H.-S.); (O.N.J.); (A.R.-W.)
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Kim H. Hebelstrup
- Department of Agroecology, Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
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Jensen C, Bæk KT, Gallay C, Thalsø-Madsen I, Xu L, Jousselin A, Ruiz Torrubia F, Paulander W, Pereira AR, Veening JW, Pinho MG, Frees D. The ClpX chaperone controls autolytic splitting of Staphylococcus aureus daughter cells, but is bypassed by β-lactam antibiotics or inhibitors of WTA biosynthesis. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008044. [PMID: 31518377 PMCID: PMC6760813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics interfere with cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall, but the killing mechanism of this important class of antibiotics is not fully understood. Serendipitously we found that sub-lethal doses of β-lactams rescue growth and prevent spontaneous lysis of Staphylococcus aureus mutants lacking the widely conserved chaperone ClpX, and we reasoned that a better understanding of the clpX phenotypes could provide novel insights into the downstream effects of β-lactam binding to the PBP targets. Super-resolution imaging revealed that clpX cells display aberrant septum synthesis, and initiate daughter cell separation prior to septum completion at 30°C, but not at 37°C, demonstrating that ClpX becomes critical for coordinating the S. aureus cell cycle as the temperature decreases. FtsZ localization and dynamics were not affected in the absence of ClpX, suggesting that ClpX affects septum formation and autolytic activation downstream of Z-ring formation. Interestingly, oxacillin antagonized the septum progression defects of clpX cells and prevented lysis of prematurely splitting clpX cells. Strikingly, inhibitors of wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis that work synergistically with β-lactams to kill MRSA synthesis also rescued growth of the clpX mutant, as did genetic inactivation of the gene encoding the septal autolysin, Sle1. Taken together, our data support a model in which Sle1 causes premature splitting and lysis of clpX daughter cells unless Sle1-dependent lysis is antagonized by β-lactams or by inhibiting an early step in WTA biosynthesis. The finding that β-lactams and inhibitors of WTA biosynthesis specifically prevent lysis of a mutant with dysregulated autolytic activity lends support to the idea that PBPs and WTA biosynthesis play an important role in coordinating cell division with autolytic splitting of daughter cells, and that β-lactams do not kill S. aureus simply by weakening the cell wall. The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of human disease, and the rapid spread of S. aureus strains that are resistant to almost all β-lactam antibiotics has made treatment increasingly difficult. β-lactams interfere with cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall but the killing mechanism of this important class of antibiotics is not fully understood. Here we provide novel insight into this topic by examining a defined S. aureus mutant that has the unusual property of growing markedly better in the presence of β-lactams. Without β-lactams this mutant dies spontaneously at a high frequency due to premature separation of daughter cells during cell division. Cell death of the mutant can, however, be prevented either by exposure to β-lactam antibiotics or by inhibiting synthesis of wall teichoic acid, a major component of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria with a conserved role in activation of autolytic splitting of daughter cells. The finding that β-lactam antibiotics can prevent lysis of a mutant with deregulated activity of autolytic enzymes involved in daughter cell splitting, emphasizes the idea that β-lactams interfere with the coordination between cell division and daughter cell splitting, and do not kill S. aureus simply by weakening the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer T. Bæk
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clement Gallay
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ida Thalsø-Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ambre Jousselin
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ruiz Torrubia
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wilhelm Paulander
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana R. Pereira
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jan-Willem Veening
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mariana G. Pinho
- Bacterial Cell Biology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Dorte Frees
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Shen F, Pankratov D, Halder A, Xiao X, Toscano MD, Zhang J, Ulstrup J, Gorton L, Chi Q. Two-dimensional graphene paper supported flexible enzymatic fuel cells. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:2562-2570. [PMID: 36132730 PMCID: PMC9416935 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00178f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) in wearable or implantable biomedical devices requires flexible and biocompatible electrode materials. To this end, freestanding and low-cost graphene paper is emerging among the most promising support materials. In this work, we have exploited the potential of using graphene paper with a two-dimensional active surface (2D-GP) as a carrier for enzyme immobilization to fabricate EBFCs, representing the first case of flexible graphene papers directly used in EBFCs. The 2D-GP electrodes were prepared via the assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into a paper-like architecture, followed by reduction to form layered and cross-linked networks with good mechanical strength, high conductivity and little dependence on the degree of mechanical bending. 2D-GP electrodes served as both a current collector and an enzyme loading substrate that can be used directly as a bioanode and biocathode. Pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) and bilirubin oxidase (BOx) adsorbed on the 2D-GP electrodes both retain their biocatalytic activities. Electron transfer (ET) at the bioanode required Meldola blue (MB) as an ET mediator to shuttle electrons between PQQ-GDH and the electrode, but direct electron transfer (DET) at the biocathode was achieved. The resulting glucose/oxygen EBFC displayed a notable mechanical flexibility, with a wide open circuit voltage range up to 0.665 V and a maximum power density of approximately 4 μW cm-2 both fully competitive with reported values for related EBFCs, and with mechanical flexibility and facile enzyme immobilization as novel merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | - Dmitry Pankratov
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | - Arnab Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | | | - Jingdong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University P.O. Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Qijin Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252302
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Xiang X, Luo L, Nodzyński M, Li C, Han P, Dou H, Petersen TS, Liang X, Pan X, Qu K, Yang L, Dang Y, Liu X, Bolund L, Zhang X, Tong G, Xing Y, Luo Y, Lin L. LION: a simple and rapid method to achieve CRISPR gene editing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2633-2645. [PMID: 30887099 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 technology has paved the way for rapid and cost-effective gene editing. However, there is still a great need for effective methods for rapid generation and validation of CRISPR/Cas9 gRNAs. Previously, we have demonstrated that highly efficient generation of multiplexed CRISPR guide RNA (gRNA) expression array can be achieved with Golden Gate Assembly (GGA). Here, we present an optimized and rapid method for generation and validation in less than 1 day of CRISPR gene targeting vectors. The method (LION) is based on ligation of double-stranded gRNA oligos into CRISPR vectors with GGA followed by nucleic acid purification. Using a dual-fluorescent reporter vector (C-Check), T7E1 assay, TIDE assay and a traffic light reporter assay, we proved that the LION-based generation of CRISPR vectors are functionally active, and equivalent to CRISPR plasmids generated by traditional methods. We also tested the activity of LION CRISPR vectors in different human cell types. The LION method presented here advances the rapid functional validation and application of CRISPR system for gene editing and simplified the CRISPR gene-editing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Lidan Luo
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Michał Nodzyński
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Conghui Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Peng Han
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Xue Liang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Kunli Qu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- College of Forensics and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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20
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Meng J, Hou C, Wang H, Chi Q, Gao Y, Zhu B. Oriented attachment growth of monocrystalline cuprous oxide nanowires in pure water. Nanoscale Adv 2019; 1:2174-2179. [PMID: 36131967 PMCID: PMC9417747 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00374b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a crucial mechanism of non-classical crystallization, the oriented attachment (OA) growth of nanocrystals is of great interest in nanoscience and materials science. The OA process occurring in aqueous solution with chemical reagents has been reported many times, but there are limited studies reporting the OA growth in pure water. In this work, we report the temperature-dependent OA growth of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanowires in pure water through a reagent-free electrophoretic method. Our experiments demonstrate that Cu2O quantum dots randomly coalesced to form polycrystalline nanowires at room temperature, while they form monocrystalline nanowires at higher temperatures by the OA mechanism. DFT modeling and computations indicate that the water coverage on the Cu2O nanoparticles could affect the particle attachment mechanisms. This study sheds light on the understanding of the effects of water molecules on the OA mechanism and shows new approaches for better controllable non-classical crystallization in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Qijin Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201210 Shanghai China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201210 Shanghai China
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21
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Moßhammer M, Brodersen KE, Kühl M, Koren K. Nanoparticle- and microparticle-based luminescence imaging of chemical species and temperature in aquatic systems: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:126. [PMID: 30680465 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Most aquatic systems rely on a multitude of biogeochemical processes that are coupled with each other in a complex and dynamic manner. To understand such processes, minimally invasive analytical tools are required that allow continuous, real-time measurements of individual reactions in these complex systems. Optical chemical sensors can be used in the form of fiber-optic sensors, planar sensors, or as micro- and nanoparticles (MPs and NPs). All have their specific merits, but only the latter allow for visualization and quantification of chemical gradients over 3D structures. This review (with 147 references) summarizes recent developments mainly in the field of optical NP sensors relevant for chemical imaging in aquatic science. The review encompasses methods for signal read-out and imaging, preparation of NPs and MPs, and an overview of relevant MP/NP-based sensors. Additionally, examples of MP/NP-based sensors in aquatic systems such as corals, plant tissue, biofilms, sediments and water-sediment interfaces, marine snow and in 3D bioprinting are given. We also address current challenges and future perspectives of NP-based sensing in aquatic systems in a concluding section. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Moßhammer
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Kasper Elgetti Brodersen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Michael Kühl
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark.
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Center for Water Technology, Department of Bioscience - Microbiology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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22
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Ernst HA, Jørgensen LJ, Bukh C, Piontek K, Plattner DA, Østergaard LH, Larsen S, Bjerrum MJ. A comparative structural analysis of the surface properties of asco-laccases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206589. [PMID: 30395580 PMCID: PMC6218047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases of different biological origins have been widely investigated and these studies have elucidated fundamentals of the generic catalytic mechanism. However, other features such as surface properties and residues located away from the catalytic centres may also have impact on enzyme function. Here we present the crystal structure of laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) to a resolution of 1.62 Å together with a thorough structural comparison with other members of the CAZy family AA1_3 that comprises fungal laccases from ascomycetes. The recombinant protein produced in A. oryzae has a molecular mass of 75 kDa, a pI of 4.2 and carries 13.5 kDa N-linked glycans. In the crystal, MtL forms a dimer with the phenolic substrate binding pocket blocked, suggesting that the active form of the enzyme is monomeric. Overall, the MtL structure conforms with the canonical fold of fungal laccases as well as the features specific for the asco-laccases. However, the structural comparisons also reveal significant variations within this taxonomic subgroup. Notable differences in the T1-Cu active site topology and polar motifs imply molecular evolution to serve different functional roles. Very few surface residues are conserved and it is noticeable that they encompass residues that interact with the N-glycans and/or are located at domain interfaces. The N-glycosylation sites are surprisingly conserved among asco-laccases and in most cases the glycan displays extensive interactions with the protein. In particular, the glycans at Asn88 and Asn210 appear to have evolved as an integral part of the asco-laccase structure. An uneven distribution of the carbohydrates around the enzyme give unique properties to a distinct part of the surface of the asco-laccases which may have implication for laccase function–in particular towards large substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Ernst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise J. Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Bukh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Piontek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Sine Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SL); (MJB)
| | - Morten J. Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SL); (MJB)
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23
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Carretero GPB, Vicente EF, Cilli EM, Alvarez CM, Jenssen H, Schreier S. Dissecting the mechanism of action of actinoporins. Role of the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix in membrane binding and pore activity of sticholysins I and II. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202981. [PMID: 30161192 PMCID: PMC6117003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoporins sticholysin I and sticholysin II (St I, St II) are proposed to lyse model and biomembranes via toroidal pore formation by their N-terminal domain. Based on the hypothesis that peptide fragments can reproduce the structure and function of this domain, the behavior of peptides containing St I residues 12–31 (StI12-31), St II residues 11–30 (StII11-30), and its TOAC-labeled analogue (N-TOAC-StII11-30) was examined. Molecular modeling showed a good match with experimental structures, indicating amphipathic α-helices in the same regions as in the toxins. CD spectra revealed that the peptides were essentially unstructured in aqueous solution, acquiring α-helical conformation upon interaction with micelles and large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) of variable lipid composition. Fluorescence quenching studies with NBD-containing lipids indicated that N-TOAC-StII11-30’s nitroxide moiety is located in the membranes polar head group region. Pyrene-labeled phospholipid inter-leaflet redistribution suggested that the peptides form toroidal pores, according to the mechanism of action proposed for the toxins. Binding occurred only to negatively charged LUV, indicating the importance of electrostatic interactions; in contrast the peptides bound to both negatively charged and zwitterionic micelles, pointing to a lesser influence of these interactions. In addition, differences between bilayers and micelles in head group packing and in curvature led to differences in peptide-membrane interaction. We propose that the peptides topography in micelles resembles that of the toxins in the toroidal pore. The peptides mimicked the toxins permeabilizing activity, St II peptides being more effective than StI12-31. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that differences in the toxins N-terminal amphipathic α-helix play a role in the difference between St I and St II activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P. B. Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eduardo F. Vicente
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, State University of São Paulo, Tupã, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shirley Schreier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Tan HY, Trier S, Rahbek UL, Dufva M, Kutter JP, Andresen TL. A multi-chamber microfluidic intestinal barrier model using Caco-2 cells for drug transport studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197101. [PMID: 29746551 PMCID: PMC5944968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the design and fabrication of a multi-layer and multi-chamber microchip system using thiol-ene ‘click chemistry’ aimed for drug transport studies across tissue barrier models. The fabrication process enables rapid prototyping of multi-layer microfluidic chips using different thiol-ene polymer mixtures, where porous Teflon membranes for cell monolayer growth were incorporated by masked sandwiching thiol-ene-based fluid layers. Electrodes for trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were incorporated using low-melting soldering wires in combination with platinum wires, enabling parallel real-time monitoring of barrier integrity for the eight chambers. Additionally, the translucent porous Teflon membrane enabled optical monitoring of cell monolayers. The device was developed and tested with the Caco-2 intestinal model, and compared to the conventional Transwell system. Cell monolayer differentiation was assessed via in situ immunocytochemistry of tight junction and mucus proteins, P-glycoprotein 1 (P-gp) mediated efflux of Rhodamine 123, and brush border aminopeptidase activity. Monolayer tightness and relevance for drug delivery research was evaluated through permeability studies of mannitol, dextran and insulin, alone or in combination with the absorption enhancer tetradecylmaltoside (TDM). The thiol-ene-based microchip material and electrodes were highly compatible with cell growth. In fact, Caco-2 cells cultured in the device displayed differentiation, mucus production, directional transport and aminopeptidase activity within 9–10 days of cell culture, indicating robust barrier formation at a faster rate than in conventional Transwell models. The cell monolayer displayed high TEER and tightness towards hydrophilic compounds, whereas co-administration of an absorption enhancer elicited TEER-decrease and increased permeability similar to the Transwell cultures. The presented cell barrier microdevice constitutes a relevant tissue barrier model, enabling transport studies of drugs and chemicals under real-time optical and functional monitoring in eight parallel chambers, thereby increasing the throughput compared to previously reported microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsih-Yin Tan
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sofie Trier
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Dufva
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jörg P. Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas L. Andresen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
- Technical University of Denmark, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
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Bahrndorff S, de Jonge N, Skovgård H, Nielsen JL. Bacterial Communities Associated with Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) Sampled within and between Farms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169753. [PMID: 28081167 PMCID: PMC5232358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The housefly feeds and reproduces in animal manure and decaying organic substances and thus lives in intimate association with various microorganisms including human pathogens. In order to understand the variation and association between bacteria and the housefly, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to describe bacterial communities of 90 individual houseflies collected within and between ten dairy farms in Denmark. Analysis of gene sequences showed that the most abundant classes of bacteria found across all sites included Bacilli, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteria, and all classes of Proteobacteria and at the genus level the most abundant genera included Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Vagococcus, Weissella, Lactococcus, and Aerococcus. Comparison of the microbiota of houseflies revealed a highly diverse microbiota compared to other insect species and with most variation in species richness and diversity found between individuals, but not locations. Our study is the first in-depth amplicon sequencing study of the housefly microbiota, and collectively shows that the microbiota of single houseflies is highly diverse and differs between individuals likely to reflect the lifestyle of the housefly. We suggest that these results should be taken into account when addressing the transmission of pathogens by the housefly and assessing the vector competence variation under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skovgård
- Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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Svagan AJ, Kusic A, De Gobba C, Larsen FH, Sassene P, Zhou Q, van de Weert M, Mullertz A, Jørgensen B, Ulvskov P. Rhamnogalacturonan-I Based Microcapsules for Targeted Drug Release. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168050. [PMID: 27992455 PMCID: PMC5167381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting to the colon via the oral administration route for local treatment of e.g. inflammatory bowel disease and colonic cancer has several advantages such as needle-free administration and low infection risk. A new source for delivery is plant-polysaccharide based delivery platforms such as Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). In the gastro-intestinal tract the RG-I is only degraded by the action of the colonic microflora. For assessment of potential drug delivery properties, RG-I based microcapsules (~1 μm in diameter) were prepared by an interfacial poly-addition reaction. The cross-linked capsules were loaded with a fluorescent dye (model drug). The capsules showed negligible and very little in vitro release when subjected to media simulating gastric and intestinal fluids, respectively. However, upon exposure to a cocktail of commercial RG-I cleaving enzymes, ~ 9 times higher release was observed, demonstrating that the capsules can be opened by enzymatic degradation. The combined results suggest a potential platform for targeted drug delivery in the terminal gastro-intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Svagan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Anja Kusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristian De Gobba
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming H. Larsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Sassene
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anette Mullertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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