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Yanagitani N, Shimizu Y, Kaira K, Tatsuno S, Sunaga N, Ishizuka T, Mori M. Pulmonary toxicity associated with vinorelbine-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2008; 35:1619-1621. [PMID: 18799925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 41-year-old woman had undergone a left mastectomy breast cancer three years prior to presentation. No for at six months she had recurrence, this time in the right breast and skin. Despite first-and second-line chemotherapy, the mass showed progression of the disease. Thereafter, a weekly treatment of vinorelbine and trastuzumab was started, but one month later, she developed a slight fever and dry cough. A chest CT scan revealed an infiltration shadow showing non-specific interstitial pattern in the right lung. A bronchoscopic examination showed lymphocyte dominance in bronchial lavage fluid, and lymphocyte infiltration into the interstium with fibrosis in the tissue specimens was found by transbronchial lung biopsy. After discontinuing the above vinorelbine therapy, the patient's condition improved. We therefore diagnosed this as a case of vinorelbine-and trastuzumab-induced interstitial pneumonia.
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Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Ishizuka T, Aoki H, Kawata T, Utsugi M, Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Mori M. [A case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in a patient with sarcoidosis]. NIHON KOKYUKI GAKKAI ZASSHI = THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE RESPIRATORY SOCIETY 2008; 46:574-577. [PMID: 18700578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 60-year-old female smoker presented with bloody sputum and back pain. A computed tomographic (CT) scan of the chest revealed a mass lesion in S(1+2) of the left lung and hilarmediastinal lymphadenopathy. TBLB revealed small cell carcinoma. At first, we thought that the patient's clinical staging was c-T4N2M0 IIIB disease. However, it was pointed out she had had hilar-mediastinal lymphadenopathy 7 years previously. Though FDG-PET revealed an increased uptake in the hilar-mediastinal lymph node, she was determined to have surgery. The resected specimen revealed the swollen lymph nodes to be sarcoidosis, accompanying a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEL). She was treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and VP-16 and radiotherapy concurrently. Chest CT revealed a partial response of the primary site after 3 courses of chemoradiotherapy. Information on concomitant malignancies accompanying sarcoidosis is limited. Although the main types of concomitant malignancy are lung cancer, and lymphoma, there has been no description of LCNEC as a concomitant malignancy. In sarcoidosis patients, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of concomitant malignancy.
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Kaira K, Oriuchi N, Imai H, Shimizu K, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Kawashima O, Iijima H, Ishizuka T, Kanai Y, Endou H, Nakajima T, Mori M. Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:553-61. [PMID: 18440724 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid transport systems play an important role in cellular proliferation. L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been associated with tumor growth, and is highly expressed in the established tumor cell lines and primary human neoplasms. In this study, we investigated the expression of LAT1 to evaluate the malignant potential and prognostic significance in neuroendocrine (NE) tumors of the lung. Twenty-one surgically resected, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), 13 small cell lung cancers (SCLC), five atypical carcinoids (AC), and 10 typical carcinoids (TC) were enrolled in the study. LAT1 expression and Ki-67 labeling index of the NE tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. LAT1 was overexpressed in 52.4% of the LCNEC, in 46.2% of the SCLC, and in 25% of the AC. LAT1 expression in LCNEC was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and poor outcome. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between LAT1 expression and Ki-67 in both LCNEC and SCLC. Expression of LAT1 tended to increase from low-grade to high-grade NE tumors. The present results suggest that LAT1 may play a significant role in cellular proliferation, lymph node metastasis, and poor outcome in patients with NE tumors of the lung.
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154
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Kohno T, Kunitoh H, Suzuki K, Yamamoto S, Kuchiba A, Matsuno Y, Yanagitani N, Yokota J. Association of KRAS polymorphisms with risk for lung adenocarcinoma accompanied by atypical adenomatous hyperplasias. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:957-63. [PMID: 18299280 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 (Pas1) gene affects susceptibility to the development of lung adenomas in mice with a subset of the adenomas progressing to adenocarcinoma (ADC). In this study, genotype distributions for 10 polymorphisms in the human counterparts for three mouse candidate Pas1 genes, KRAS, CASC1/LAS1 and LRMP, were examined in a hospital-based case-control study consisting of 364 lung ADC cases and 253 controls. All the ADC cases were subjected to lobectomy and subsequent pathological investigation of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), a putative precursor for peripheral lung ADC, including bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, in the resected lobes. Eighty-one (22%) of the ADC cases carried at least one AAH lesion in addition to the primary ADC and 34 (9%) of them carried multiple AAH lesions. None of the 10 polymorphisms examined showed significant associations with overall lung ADC risk (P > 0.05). However, minor allele carriers for two polymorphisms in the KRAS gene, KRAS-1 and -6, showed significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) for ADC accompanied by multiple AAHs [OR = 3.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-6.2, P = 0.004 and OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-4.7, P = 0.02, respectively]. Minor haplotypes including the minor allele for the KRAS-6 polymorphism showed increased ORs for ADC accompanied by multiple AAHs, and KRAS transcripts from the minor allele for this polymorphism were more abundantly detected in lung tissues than those from the major allele. Thus, KRAS polymorphisms were indicated to be involved in risk for the development of AAHs that progress to ADC by causing differential KRAS oncogene expression in the lungs.
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Kaira K, Oriuchi N, Imai H, Shimizu K, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Tanaka S, Ishizuka T, Kanai Y, Endou H, Nakajima T, Mori M. Prognostic significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression in resectable stage I-III nonsmall cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:742-8. [PMID: 18253116 PMCID: PMC2259171 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression remains unclear, whereas many experimental studies have demonstrated that LAT1 is associated with the proliferation of cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of LAT1 in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 321 consecutive patients with completely resected pathologic stage I–III NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Expression of LAT1 and proliferative activity, as determined by the Ki-67 labelling index, was also evaluated immunohistochemically and correlated with the prognosis of patients who underwent complete resection of the tumour. Expression of LAT1 was positive in 163 patients (51%) (29% of adenocaricnoma (58 of 200 patients), 91% of squamous cell carcinoma (91 of 100 patients), and 67% of large cell carcinoma (14 of 21 patients)). The 5-year survival rate of LAT1-positive patients (51.8%) was significantly worse than that of LAT1-negative patients (87.8%; P<0.001). L-type amino acid transporter 1 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and disease stage. Multivariate analysis confirmed that positive expression of LAT1 was an independent factor for predicting a poor prognosis. There was a significant correlation between LAT1 expression and Ki-67 labelling index. LAT1 expression is a promising pathological factor to predict the prognosis in patients with resectable stage I–III NSCLC.
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Kaira K, Oriuchi N, Otani Y, Shimizu K, Tanaka S, Imai H, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Dobashi K, Kanai Y, Endou H, Nakajima T, Endo K, Mori M. Fluorine-18-alpha-methyltyrosine positron emission tomography for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer: a clinicopathologic study. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6369-78. [PMID: 17975149 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE L-[3-(18)F]-alpha-methyltyrosine ([(18)F]FMT) is an amino acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET). We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of [(18)F]FMT PET in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tumor uptake of [(18)F]FMT was compared with that of 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and correlated with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Fifty NSCLC patients were enrolled in this study, and a pair of PET study with [(18)F]FMT and [(18)F]FDG was done. LAT1 expression and Ki-67 labeling index of the resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS For the primary tumor detection, [(18)F]FMT PET exhibited a sensitivity of 90% whereas the sensitivity for [(18)F]FDG PET was 94%. For lymph node staging, the sensitivity and specificity of [(18)F]FMT PET were 57.8% and 100%, and those of [(18)F]FDG PET were 65.7% and 91%, respectively. The expression of LAT1 in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in adenocarcinoma. [(18)F]FMT uptake was also higher in squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. Uptake of [(18)F]FMT in the tumor is closely correlated with LAT1 expression (rho = 0.890). CONCLUSION [(18)F]FMT PET had no false-positives in the detection of primary tumor and lymph node metastasis and could improve the diagnostic performance in NSCLC. Uptake of [(18)F]FMT correlated with the expression of LAT1 that showed a significant association with cellular proliferation.
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Zhao JJ, Shimizu Y, Dobashi K, Kawata T, Ono A, Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Utsugi M, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Mori M. The relationship between oxidative stress and acid stress in adult patients with mild asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008; 18:41-45. [PMID: 18361101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Interestingly, a low airway pH and a high concentration of 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, has been reported to cause inflammatory airway diseases. However, the relationship between these 2 markers and pulmonary function has not been determined in mild asthma patients. METHODS pH and 8-isoprostane concentration were measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from patients with mild asthma (n = 44) and healthy subjects (n = 20). The relationship between acid stress (pH) and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane) was then analyzed, along with the relationships between these 2 markers and lung function. RESULTS The median (interquartile range [IQR]) pH of EBC was significantly lower in asthma patients than in control subjects (7.53 [7.41-7.68] vs 7.70 [7.62-7.74], P < .05), while the median (IQR) 8-isoprostane concentration of EBC was significantly higher in asthma patients than control subjects (16.2 [11.7-19.1] vs 3.5 [2.6-7.9] pg/mL, P < .05). There was no correlation between pH and 8-isoprostane concentration. Furthermore, lung function was not correlated with either pH or 8-isoprostane concentrations in EBC. CONCLUSIONS Acid stress and oxidative stress assessed by pH and 8-isoprostane concentration, respectively, in EBC did not show parallel changes associated with asthma and were not correlated with lung function in asthma patients. These 2 stress factors may have different roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Kaira K, Sunaga N, Yanagitani N, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Mori M. Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma of the lung with synchronous gastric and esophageal cancer. AUSTRALASIAN RADIOLOGY 2007; 51 Suppl:B265-B267. [PMID: 17991081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2007.01792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma is an uncommon variant of peripheral lung cancer. This condition mimics a malignant mesothelioma in terms of its clinical presentation and its gross and microscopic appearance. An immunohistochemical investigation is important when it is difficult to determine whether diffuse carcinomatous involvement of the pleura is secondary to metastasis, lung cancer, or mesothelioma. We herein report a very rare case of concomitant pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer.
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Kaira K, Dobashi K, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Shimizu Y, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Nakajima T, Mori M. Rapid growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2007; 2:966-7. [PMID: 17909361 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31811f474e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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160
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Sunaga N, Oriuchi N, Kaira K, Yanagitani N, Tomizawa Y, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Endo K, Mori M. Usefulness of FDG-PET for early prediction of the response to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 59:203-10. [PMID: 17913282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/12/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased tumor uptake of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) reflects glucose metabolism and proliferative activity of tumor cells. We conducted a study to assess the usefulness of FDG-PET for early prediction of the response to gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Five NSCLC patients underwent FDG-PET to evaluate changes in FDG uptake at day 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of gefitinib therapy compared with FDG-PET prior to therapy. FDG uptake was evaluated as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the target lesions, which were assessable by conventional CT. Based on the CT evaluation, two patients exhibited a partial response (PR), two patients had stable disease (SD) with a minor response, and one patient had progressive disease (PD). In patients with PR and SD, SUVmax decreased by 61+/-18% (standard deviation) and 59+/-12%, respectively, on day 2, and by 26+/-6 and 43+/-10%, respectively, at 4 weeks after the initiation of gefitinib. Two patients with SD had decreased FDG uptake within 2 days of initiation of therapy, and achieved progression-free survival (PFS) of more than 12 months. In contrast, SUVmax increased up to 153+/-21% at 2 days and 232+/-73% at 4 weeks in a patient with PD. The present preliminary study suggests that FDG-PET may be able to predict response to gefitinib in the early stage of therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC and may have a potential prognostic role.
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Ishizuka T, Hisada T, Aoki H, Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Utsugi M, Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Dobashi K, Mori M. Gender and age risks for hoarseness and dysphonia with use of a dry powder fluticasone propionate inhaler in asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc 2007; 28:550-6. [PMID: 18034974 DOI: 10.2500/aap2007.28.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) of fluticasone propionate (FP) are the most commonly prescribed inhaled glucocorticosteroid (ICS) devices in Japan because of their ease of use. FP has the strongest anti-inflammatory effects in vitro among ICS, and it has few systemic adverse effects because of its <1% oral bioavailability. However, local adverse effects, especially hoarseness or dysphonia (hoarseness/dysphonia), appear to be frequent. We investigated hoarseness/dysphonia in 313 patients with bronchial asthma who were using or had used the FP-DPI. Overall, 20.4% of FP-DPI users complained of hoarseness/dysphonia, with women and elderly patients complaining of it more frequently; 35.8% of female FP-DPI users > or =65 years of age complained of hoarseness/dysphonia. The prevalence of hoarseness/dysphonia was dose dependent in patients <65 years old but not in patients > or =65 years of age. Inspiratory flow rates adjusted by resistance of the DPIs were not related to the prevalence of hoarseness/dysphonia. In patients using ICS, especially in women and the elderly patients, who develop hoarseness/dysphonia, it is important to select the most suitable device so that patients can continue ICS therapy comfortably.
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162
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Kaira K, Shinomiya Y, Takahashi Y, Iida T, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Mori M. Coinfection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a non-HIV patient. ACTA MEDICA OKAYAMA 2007; 61:235-8. [PMID: 17726513 DOI: 10.18926/amo/32872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) are life-threatening opportunistic infections that occur in immunocompromised hosts. Early diagnosis and treatment of these opportunistic infections is essential to the survival of immunocompromised patients. We report a 60-year-old man undergoing short-term steroid therapy after surgical resection of a brain tumor infected with combined invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia diagnosed by bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. Our case demonstrated that short-term systemic steroid therapy in non-HIV patients with underlying chronic lung conditions and malignancies was a risk factor for IPA and PCP, and for a combination of these infections.
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Kaira K, Sunaga N, Tomizawa Y, Yanagitani N, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Nakajima T, Mori M. Epigenetic inactivation of the RAS-effector gene RASSF2 in lung cancers. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:169-73. [PMID: 17549418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RASSF2, a member of the RAS association domain family 1 (RASSF1), is a candidate tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that is silenced by promoter hypermethylation in several human cancers. In this study, we examined the expression of RASSF2 mRNA and the promoter methylation status in lung cancer cell lines and in tumor samples of 106 primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) by methylation-specific PCR. RASSF2 expression was absent in 26% of small cell lung cancers (SCLCs; n=27 lines) and 50% of NSCLCs (n=42 lines). Promoter methylation of RASSF2 was found in 18% of the SCLC cell lines (n=22) and 62% of the NSCLC cell lines (n=26), and the methylation status was tightly associated with the loss of RASSF2 expression. RASSF2 expression was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin-A in the NSCLC cell lines which were absent of the expression. RASSF2 methylation was found in 31% of primary NSCLC tumors, and methylation was more frequent in the specimens from non-smokers (18 of 40, 45%) than in the specimens from smokers (15 of 66, 23%, P=0.014). We also examined the association of RASSF2 methylation with mutations of KRAS and EGFR and with promoter hypermethylation of RASSF1A; however, we could not find a significant association between RASSF2 methylation and these genetic and epigenetic changes. Our results indicate that aberrant methylation of the RASSF2 gene with the subsequent loss of RASSF2 expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung cancers.
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Kaira K, Sunaga N, Tomizawa Y, Yanagitani N, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Nakajima T, Mori M. Epigenetic inactivation of the RAS-effector gene RASSF2 in lung cancers. Int J Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.31.1.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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165
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Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Sunaga N, Naito Y, Koike Y, Ishihara S, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Mori M. Serum amylase is a sensitive tumor marker for amylase-producing small cell lung cancer? Int J Clin Oncol 2007; 12:231-3. [PMID: 17566849 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-006-0643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old male smoker was diagnosed as having amylase-producing small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The serum amylase level was elevated, at 1756 IU/l, and the isozyme pattern was salivary type. Serum levels of "the tumor markers" CEA and NSE were 10.0 ng/ml and 22.6 ng/ml, respectively, but the level of pro-GRP was within the normal range. He was treated with combination chemotherapy of carboplatin and irinotecan. After completion of the chemotherapy, the serum amylase level decreased below the cutoff range and a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed marked reductions of the tumor in the primary site and in the lymph node metastasis. In November 2003, he was noted to have a slightly raised amylase level, of 168 IU/l, and raised levels of tumor markers. At this time, a CT scan, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated no recurrence. However, in December, MRI of the brain showed multiple metastases, and the recurrence of SCLC was thus confirmed. For the treatment of disease progression, the same regimen of chemotherapy as that given initially was administered. CT imaging revealed a partial response in the primary site and lymph node metastasis, and the serum amylase level decreased to 91 IU/l. After the completion of the second chemotherapy regimen, he underwent cranial irradiation and further chemotherapy. However, unfortunately, he died owing to deterioration of lung cancer. In this patient, the serum amylase level was found to be a highly sensitive marker of lung cancer.
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Sunaga N, Tomizawa Y, Yanagitani N, Iijima H, Kaira K, Shimizu K, Tanaka S, Suga T, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Dobashi K, Mori M. Phase II prospective study of the efficacy of gefitinib for the treatment of stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations, irrespective of previous chemotherapy. Lung Cancer 2007; 56:383-9. [PMID: 17368623 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are associated with increased sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy of gefitinib in patients with stage III/IV NSCLC whose tumors carried EGFR mutations, irrespective of previous chemotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Genomic DNA was extracted from tumor specimens and EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 analyzed by direct sequencing. Patients with stage III/IV NSCLC whose tumors had the EGFR mutations received gefitinib (250 mg/day orally). Response, toxicity and survival data were assessed. RESULT From November 2004-May 2006, 21 patients with EGFR mutations received gefitinib (median age: 59 years; 17 females; 19 non-smokers; all had adenocarcinomas). Two patients discontinued gefitinib and withdrew from the study 3 weeks after gefitinib initiation (interstitial pneumonitis, 1 patient; facial acne, 1 patient). Of 19 patients, 3 achieved complete response, 13 exhibited partial response and 3 had stable disease. Response and disease control rates were 76% (95% confidence interval [CI] 53-92) and 90% (95% CI 70-99), respectively. The most common adverse event was skin toxicity (67%); however, no grade 4 skin toxicities were seen. Ten patients relapsed and three died at a median follow-up period of 12.6 months (range 5.6-23.8 months); median progression-free survival was 12.9 months. CONCLUSION Analysis of tumor EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC could be used to identify patients suitable for treatment with gefitinib to obtain optimum response and disease control rates.
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Kaira K, Oriuchi N, Otani Y, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Endo K, Mori M. Diagnostic usefulness of fluorine-18-alpha-methyltyrosine positron emission tomography in combination with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in sarcoidosis patients. Chest 2007; 131:1019-27. [PMID: 17426205 DOI: 10.1378/chest.06-2160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES L-[3-(18)F]-alpha-methyltyrosine ((18)F-FMT) is an amino-acid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) and is used for tumor detection because malignant tumor cells accumulate (18)F-FMT based on the increased expression of an amino-acid transporter. This study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of (18)F-FMT PET in combination with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with suspected malignancy. SETTING Twenty-four sarcoidosis patients with suspected malignancy underwent (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FMT PET. The study included 17 patients with extrapulmonary manifestation mimicking malignant disease (13 patients with systemic lymphadenopathy, 3 of them with concomitant hepatosplenic processes; 3 patients with hepatosplenic processes without concomitant lymphadenopathy; and 1 patient with multiple bone lesions), 3 patients with occurrence of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in cancer patients, and 4 patients with multiple nodules mimicking pulmonary metastasis. RESULTS All patients showed increased uptake of (18)F-FDG and no increase in the accumulation of (18)F-FMT in their lymphadenopathy. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) of (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FMT were 5.01 +/- 2.15 and 0.77 +/- 0.24, respectively (mean +/- SD). All extranodal lesions such as liver, spleen, and bone were visually positive on (18)F-FDG PET and negative on (18)F-FMT PET. No neoplasm was confirmed in all patients. In a control group of patients with lung cancer, SUVs for (18)F-FDG and (18)F-FMT were 6.34 +/- 2.52 and 1.54 +/- 0.82, respectively. CONCLUSION The uptake of (18)F-FDG was positive in the sarcoid lesions, and therefore (18)F-FDG PET could not differentiate sarcoidosis from malignant disease. Use of (18)F-FMT PET in combination with (18)F-FDG PET may be the effective method to distinguish sarcoidosis from malignancy.
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Kaira K, Sunaga N, Yanagitani N, Imai H, Utsugi M, Shimizu Y, Iijima H, Tomizawa Y, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Mori M. A phase I dose-escalation study of S-1 plus carboplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:471-6. [PMID: 17351400 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32801265eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose, the recommended dose and the safety profile of S-1 and carboplatin combination regimen in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were treated with S-1 and carboplatin. S-1 was administered orally twice daily for 14 days and carboplatin on day 1 of each cycle, and this was repeated every 4 weeks. Doses of each drug were planned as follows: level 1, 5/65; level 2, 5/80; level 3, 6/80 [carboplatin (area under the curve, mg/ml/min)/S-1 (mg/m/day)]. The dose-limiting toxicity of the regimen was assessed during the first chemotherapy cycle. Twelve patients were enrolled in this study. The main grade 3 or grade 4 toxicities observed during the first cycle were neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (41%) and transaminase elevation. Two of three patients in level 2 had dose-limiting toxicity and this level was considered the maximum tolerated dose. Level 1 was selected as the recommended dose. Objective responses were seen in four patients (response rate 33%). The combination of S-1 plus carboplatin is a feasible and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Shimizu Y, Dobashi K, Zhao JJ, Kawata T, Ono A, Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Utsugi M, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Mori M. Proton pump inhibitor improves breath marker in moderate asthma with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Respiration 2007; 74:558-64. [PMID: 17389779 DOI: 10.1159/000101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) influences the symptoms of asthma with acid and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of measurement of the acid stress marker pH and the oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane by exhaled breath condensate in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy effect on moderate asthma patients with GERD. METHODS The pH and the concentration of 8-isoprostane were measured in the exhaled breath condensate of patients with moderate asthma (n = 36) and healthy subjects (n = 26). Two months of PPI therapy (lansoprazole at 30 mg/day) were done in the asthma patients with (n = 13) or without (n = 13) GERD according to a questionnaire for the diagnosis of reflux disease, and exhaled markers were measured. RESULTS The pH was lower (7.3 +/- 0.3) and the 8-isoprostane level was higher (27.7 +/- 2.3) in the asthma patients than in the healthy control subjects (pH 7.5 +/- 0.2 and 8-isoprostane 6.6 +/- 1.2). Two months of PPI therapy improved the pH (from 7.2 +/- 0.1 to 7.3 +/- 0.1) and the 8-isoprostane concentration (from 32.7 +/- 3.4 to 19.2 +/- 3.4) in the asthma patients with GERD, along with improvement of GERD symptoms. However, these markers did not change in the asthma patients without GERD. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of the pH and 8-isoprostane level of exhaled breath condensate may be useful to evaluate the influence of GERD on asthma, as well as to determine the timing of intermittent PPI therapy.
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Kaira K, Ishizuka T, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Mori M. Value of FDG positron emission tomography in monitoring the effects of therapy in progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clin Nucl Med 2007; 32:114-6. [PMID: 17242564 DOI: 10.1097/01.rlu.0000252216.68848.d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kaira K, Tsuchiya S, Sunaga N, Yanagitani N, Watanabe S, Imai H, Hisada T, Ishizuka T, Saito R, Mori M. A Phase I Dose Escalation Study of Weekly Docetaxel and Carboplatin in Elderly Patients With Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2007; 30:51-6. [PMID: 17278895 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000242292.17728.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended dose (RD), and the safety profile of a weekly docetaxel and carboplatin combination regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC, >70 years of age, performance status (ECOG) 0-2, with adequate bone marrow, renal, liver and cardiac function, were treated with docetaxel and carboplatin. Docetaxel was given at escalated doses starting from 20 mg/m2/wk on days 1, 8, and 15, with an increment of 5 mg/m2 followed by carboplatin also administered at escalated doses starting from AUC 4 to 6 (mg/ml/min); the regimen was administered every 4 weeks. The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of the regimen was assessed during the first chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS There were 25 patients enrolled in this study and assessed for safety. Neutropenia was the main DLT of the regimen; grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 5 patients (20%). Hematologic toxicities were mild, and included grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 1 patient (4%) and grade 3 anemia in 1 patient (4%). Nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild, and included grade 3 constipation in 1 patient (4%) and grade 3 renal disorder in 1 patient (4%). Objective responses were seen in 9 patients (response rate 36%). CONCLUSIONS The MTD was carboplatin AUC 5 on day 1 and docetaxel 30 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15; therefore, the RD for the phase II study is carboplatin AUC 5 and docetaxel 30 mg/m2. The combination of docetaxel and carboplatin is a feasible and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. This regimen merits further investigation in phase II trials.
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Imai H, Sunaga N, Kaira K, Ishihara S, Aoki H, Iijima H, Yanagitani N, Iwasaki Y, Tomizawa Y, Saito R, Mori M. [A case of multidrug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer responding to TS-1]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007; 34:221-4. [PMID: 17301531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, complaining of exertional breathlessness. Chest radiograph revealed a right pleural effusion. Cytology for pleural effusion revealed adenocarcinoma; thus, he was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer (clinical stage T 4 N 0 M 0, Stage IIIB). Since tumor recurrence occurred despite CBDCA+gemcitabine, docetaxel, gefitinib and vinorelbine administrations, he received fifth-line oral chemotherapy using TS-1 at 120 mg/day (80 mg/m(2)/day) for 28 days, followed by withdrawal for 14 days. Chest computed tomography showed a partial response. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were mild with the TS-1 administration. TS-1 could be an effective agent for treatment of multidrug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer.
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Kaira K, Ishizuka T, Yanagitani N, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Mori M. Effective combination chemotherapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel in the treatment of a recurrent small-cell lung cancer patient. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007; 34:225-7. [PMID: 17301532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly chemosensitive tumor, most patients relapse and have a poor prognosis. Relapsed patients become candidates for second-line or salvage chemotherapy. We report an effective case of weekly chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel in the treatment of a recurrent SCLC patient. A 58-year-old man diagnosed as SCLC received four courses of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin, and achieved a complete response. Solitary pulmonary metastasis was detected 9 months after chemoradiotherapy. He received second-line chemotherapy with irinotecan and cisplatin, but the mass remained as stable disease. Thus, thoracotomy was performed for the resection of the mass, and histological examination revealed a recurrence of SCLC. Pleural dissemination and multiple pulmonary metastases were detected, and he received third-line chemotherapy with amrubicin. However, there was evidence of recurrence, and he was given fourth-line chemotherapy with topotecan. Marked growth of pleural dissemination caused severe back pain, hence fifth-line chemotherapy using paclitaxel (70 mg/m(2); days 1, 8, and 15) and carboplatin (AUC 2; days 1, 8, and 15) was initiated. After three courses of chemotherapy, a good response was confirmed. The toxicity of chemotherapy was mild, and his symptoms including back pain completely disappeared. The patient has been alive now for 42 months after the initial therapy. Our result suggests that weekly chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel could be a well-tolerated and effective regimen for salvage chemotherapy of recurrent SCLC.
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Kohno T, Sakiyama T, Kunitoh H, Goto K, Nishiwaki Y, Saito D, Hirose H, Eguchi T, Yanagitani N, Saito R, Sasaki-Matsumura R, Mimaki S, Toyama K, Yamamoto S, Kuchiba A, Sobue T, Ohta T, Ohki M, Yokota J. Association of polymorphisms in the MTH1 gene with small cell lung carcinoma risk. Carcinogenesis 2006; 27:2448-54. [PMID: 16774934 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with amino acid changes in 36 genes involved in diverse DNA repair pathways were assessed for associations with risk for small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) by a case-control study consisting of 211 SCLC cases and 685 controls. An SNP, Val83Met, in the MTH1 (microtT homolog 1) gene encoding a triphosphatase that hydrolyzes pro-mutagenic oxidized nucleoside triphosphates, such as 8-hydroxy-dGTP and 2-hydroxy-dATP, showed the strongest and a significant association with SCLC risk [odds ratio (OR)=1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-2.2, P=0.004], while three other SNPs in the TP53, BLM and SNM1 genes, respectively, also showed marginal associations (0.05<P<0.1). Another SNP, which causes a nucleotide change in the 5'-UTR of MTH1 transcripts leading to alternative translation initiation, was additionally examined and the SNP also showed a significant association (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.3, P=0.002). The two SNPs in the MTH1 gene were in linkage disequilibrium, and the OR for carrying a copy of the haplotype consisting of both the risky SNP alleles was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.2-3.2, P=0.002). The present results indicate that inter-individual differences in MTH1 activities due to SNPs are involved in susceptibility to SCLC.
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Kohno T, Kunitoh H, Toyama K, Yamamoto S, Kuchiba A, Saito D, Yanagitani N, Ishihara SI, Saito R, Yokota J. Association of the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism with lung adenocarcinoma risk. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:724-8. [PMID: 16800823 PMCID: PMC11159021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most frequent histological type of lung cancer and comprises the majority of lung cancers in non-smokers. Thus, genetic factors responsible for ADC susceptibility need to be determined to establish efficient ways of preventing the disease. The OGG1 gene, encoding a glycosylase for 8-hydroxyguanine, an oxidatively damaged promutagenic base, has the polymorphism Ser326Cys, and OGG1-326Cys protein was indicated to have a lower ability to prevent mutagenesis than the OGG1-326Ser protein. Case-control studies to date suggest that the OGG1-326Cys allele is associated with a higher risk for several types of cancers, including overall lung cancer. However, the contribution of this polymorphism to lung ADC risk is unclear. In the present study, the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism was assessed for association with lung ADC risk using a case-control study of a Japanese population consisting of 1097 cases and 394 controls. Odds ratios (OR) of the 326Cys allele carriers increased in a dose-dependent manner with allele number (P for the trend test = 0.04). The OR of homozygotes for the 326Cys allele was increased significantly when homozygotes for the 326Ser allele were used as a reference (OR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.1, P = 0.04). Furthermore, the overall OR for lung ADC of the Cys/Cys homozygotes out of a total of 1925 ADC patients and 3449 controls from six case-control studies reported up to the present were 1.43 (95% CI = 1.11-1.84, P = 0.0045). These results indicate that OGG1-326Cys functions as a risk allele for lung ADC development.
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