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Robinson PD, Waters K. Are children just small adults? The differences between paediatric and adult sleep medicine. Intern Med J 2007; 38:719-31. [PMID: 18771426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several important physiological and maturational changes occur in sleep development during the paediatric age range, particularly during infancy and in early childhood. As the pathology of sleep apnoea is superimposed onto a developing and often plastic physiological system, children often show a different pathophysiology to their adult counterparts. These factors need to be incorporated into the evaluation of a child's sleep problems. Particular attention should be paid to the developmental stage of the child. Investigation, interpretation and subsequent management provide further unique challenges and during successive reviews predicted normal changes must also be taken into account. This review article discusses the important physiological and maturational changes that occur in sleep during childhood, some common paediatric sleep conditions and their presentation and the appropriate evaluation and management of these conditions. In the course of the discussion, we have stressed important differences between paediatric and adult sleep medicine.
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Robinson P, Williams KJ, Sullins KE, Arnoczky SP, Stick JA, Robinson NE, de Feijter-Rupp H, Derksen FJ. Histological evaluation of the equine larynx after unilateral laser-assisted ventriculocordectomy. Equine Vet J 2007; 39:222-5. [PMID: 17520972 DOI: 10.2746/042516407x175198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Trans-endoscopic laser surgery, such as unilateral laser-assisted ventriculocordectomy (LVC), has gained popularity in the treatment of RLN because a laryngotomy incision or general anaesthesia are not required. However, removal of the vocal fold and ventricle takes considerable laser energy and could cause collateral tissue damage, including injury to the adjacent laryngeal cartilages. OBJECTIVES To document the histological effects of laser surgery on laryngeal tissues in horses that have undergone LVC for the treatment of laryngeal hemiplegia (LH). METHODS Six horses were used: 4 with experimentally induced LH that had subsequently undergone LVC 6 months prior to euthanasia; and, 2 horses were used as controls. One of the control horses with naturally occurring LH was used to study the effect of neuropathy alone, whereas the other was subjected to euthanasia immediately following LVC to evaluate the acute effect of laser surgery. Using a band saw, each larynx was sectioned transversely at 5 mm intervals and evaluated histologically. RESULTS Acutely, LVC caused thermal damage to adjacent soft tissues but did not affect the histology of the laryngeal cartilages. Six months after LVC, laryngeal cartilages were histologically normal and there was squamous metaplasia of the repaired laryngeal mucosa, resulting in restitution of the mucosal integrity. CONCLUSIONS Using a diode laser in contact fashion at 20 W, LVC can be used to remove the laryngeal vocal fold and ventricle without causing laryngeal cartilage damage. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Laryngeal chondritis is an unlikely consequence of LVC.
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Loeve M, van Hal P, Robinson P, de Jong P, Lequin M, Nossent G, Tiddens H. 396 CT scans from CF patients screened for lung transplant; the Severe Advance Lung Disease (SALD) CT scoring system. J Cyst Fibros 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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154
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Perkins S, Schmidt U, Eisler I, Treasure J, Berelowitz M, Dodge E, Frost S, Jenkins M, Johnson-Sabine E, Keville S, Murphy R, Robinson P, Winn S, Yi I. Motivation to change in recent onset and long-standing bulimia nervosa: are there differences? Eat Weight Disord 2007; 12:61-9. [PMID: 17615490 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED REASON FOR THE STUDY: Little is known about how motivation to change evolves over the course of an eating disorder. The present study compared 'stage of change' and motivation, confidence and readiness to change in two groups of patients with bulimia nervosa (BN), adolescents with a short duration of illness and adults with a long duration of illness. METHOD Patients completed the Severity of eating disorder symptomatology scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and measures of stage of change and motivation, readiness and confidence to change their bulimic symptomatology at pre-treatment. MAIN FINDINGS Short- and long duration groups did not differ in illness severity, comorbidity, stage of change, motivation, readiness, and confidence to change. There were, however, some differences between groups in terms of the relationship between motivational measures, illness severity, duration and comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS There seem to be more similarities than differences between adolescents with short duration of illness and those with well-established BN in terms of their motivation to change.
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Marston S, Mirza M, Robinson P, Kremneva E, Levitsky D, Redwood C, EL-Mezgueldi M. Mutations in tropomyosin that cause DCM, affect cooperativity of cardiac muscle thin filaments. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.03.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Age of Onset
- Antineoplastic Agents/economics
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/economics
- Catastrophic Illness/economics
- Child
- China/epidemiology
- Developed Countries/economics
- Developing Countries/economics
- Drug Costs
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/administration & dosage
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/economics
- Health Care Costs
- Health Care Rationing/economics
- Health Services Accessibility/economics
- Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data
- Human Rights
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Income
- India/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/economics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/surgery
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/economics
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/economics
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Social Justice
- State Medicine/economics
- Therapeutics/economics
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157
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Nandish S, Balan A, Robinson P, Grainger AJ, Barron DA. Acute presentation of soft tissue vascular malformations: diagnosis with MR imaging. Emerg Radiol 2007; 14:109-12. [PMID: 17287972 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-007-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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158
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Clayton HM, Sha DH, Stick JA, Robinson P. 3D kinematics of the interphalangeal joints in the forelimb of walking and trotting horses. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20:1-7. [PMID: 17364088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to measure 3D rotations of the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints at walk and trot. 3D trajectories of markers fixed to the proximal phalanx, middle phalanx and the hoof wall of the right forelimb of four sound horses were recorded at 120 Hz. Joint kinematics were calculated in terms of anatomically-based joint coordinate systems between the bone segments. Ranges of motion were similar at walk and trot. Values for the DIP joint were: flexion/extension: 46 +/- 3 degrees at walk, 47 +/- 4 degrees at trot; internal/external rotation: 5 +/- 1 degrees at walk, 6 +/- 3 degrees at trot; and adduction/abduction: 5 +/- 2 degrees at walk, 5 +/- 3 degrees at trot. Within each gait, kinematic profiles at the DIP joint were similar between horses with the exception of adduction/abduction during breakover, which may vary depending on the direction of hoof rotation over the toe. Knowledge of the types and amounts of motion at the DIP joint will be useful in understanding the aetiology and treatment of injuries to the soft tissues, which are being recognized more frequently through the use of sensitive imaging techniques. Ranges of motion for the PIP joint were: flexion/extension: 13 +/- 4 degrees at walk, 14 +/- 4 degrees at trot; adduction/abduction: 3 +/- 1 degrees at walk, 3 +/- 1 degrees at trot; and internal/external rotation: 3 +/- 1 degrees at walk, 4 +/- 1 degrees at trot. The PIP joint made a significant contribution to flexion/extension of the digit. During surgical arthrodesis, the angle of fusion may be important since loss of PIP joint extension in late stance is likely to be accommodated by increased extension of the DIP joint.
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Sandle GI, Perry MD, Mathialahan T, Linley JE, Robinson P, Hunter M, MacLennan KA. Altered cryptal expression of luminal potassium (BK) channels in ulcerative colitis. J Pathol 2007; 212:66-73. [PMID: 17405186 DOI: 10.1002/path.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decreased sodium (Na(+)), chloride (Cl(-)), and water absorption, and increased potassium (K(+)) secretion, contribute to the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in ulcerative colitis. The cellular abnormalities underlying decreased Na(+) and Cl(-) absorption are becoming clearer, but the mechanism of increased K(+) secretion is unknown. Human colon is normally a K(+) secretory epithelium, making it likely that K(+) channels are expressed in the luminal (apical) membrane. Based on the assumption that these K(+) channels resembled the high conductance luminal K(+) (BK) channels previously identified in rat colon, we used molecular and patch clamp recording techniques to evaluate BK channel expression in normal and inflamed human colon, and the distribution and characteristics of these channels in normal colon. In normal colon, BK channel alpha-subunit protein was immunolocalized to surface cells and upper crypt cells. By contrast, in ulcerative colitis, although BK channel alpha-subunit protein expression was unchanged in surface cells, it extended along the entire crypt irrespective of whether the disease was active or quiescent. BK channel alpha-subunit protein and mRNA expression (evaluated by western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively) were similar in the normal ascending and sigmoid colon. Of the four possible beta-subunits (beta(1-4)), the beta(1)- and beta(3)-subunits were dominant. Voltage-dependent, barium-inhibitable, luminal K(+) channels with a unitary conductance of 214 pS were identified at low abundance in the luminal membrane of surface cells around the openings of sigmoid colonic crypts. We conclude that increased faecal K(+) losses in ulcerative colitis, and possibly other diseases associated with altered colonic K(+) transport, may reflect wider expression of luminal BK channels along the crypt axis.
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Daveluy A, Pollet C, Girodet PO, Fourrier-Réglat A, Haramburu F, Abouelfath A, Depont F, Hébert G, Robinson P, Fayon M, Moore N, Molimard M. Adrenal Insufficiency with Inhaled Corticosteroids: An Under-Recognised Event? Drug Saf 2007. [DOI: 10.2165/00002018-200730100-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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161
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Robinson P, Reid C, Dinh D, Shardey G. COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AFTER ISOLATED CABG SURGERY—ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM THE ASCTS DATABASE PROGRAM. Heart Lung Circ 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2007.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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162
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Cook RJ, Thompson ID, Robinson PD, Watson TF. A novel real-time confocal imaging technique for examining host–implant interfacial shear failure patterns. J Microsc 2006; 223:96-106. [PMID: 16911070 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2006.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice, implant failure usually occurs at the biomaterial-host tissue interface, typically involving both biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms. By definition, any new 'bioactive' material will bond to living bone but, prior to clinical use, interface formation, performance, longevity and failure pattern characterizations are necessary. The common missing link in many biomaterial interface investigations is imaging at the point of presumed loaded failure. The novel real-time confocal technique described here allows bond strength, formation rate, longevity and bone-material interface failure pattern characterization for a wide range of biomaterials capable of forming tissue interfaces, in one real-time imaged microshear stress process, conducted using imaging frame matched load/displacement data acquisition under relatively normal near in vivo environmental conditions. The technique, validated by post-failure scanning electron microscopy imaging, revealed that more slowly reacting melt-derived 45S5 glass materials produced stronger and more stable long-term interfaces than faster reacting microporous bioactive sol-gel glasses.
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163
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Ciliska D, Robinson P, Horsley T, Ellis P, Brouwers M, Gauld M, Baldassarre F, Raina P. Diffusion and dissemination of evidence-based dietary strategies for the prevention of cancer. Curr Oncol 2006; 13:130-40. [PMID: 17576454 PMCID: PMC1891184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a systematic review to identify strategies that have been evaluated for disseminating cancer control interventions that promote the uptake of a healthy diet in adults. Studies were identified by contacting technical experts and by searching MEDLINE, PreMedline, CANCERLIT, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Psycinfo, cinahl, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and reference lists. English-language primary studies were selected if they evaluated the dissemination of healthy diet interventions to individuals, health care providers, or institutions. Studies involving only children or adolescents were excluded.We retrieved 101 articles for full-text screening, and identified nine reports of seven distinct studies. Four of the studies were randomized trials, one was a cohort design, and three were descriptive studies. Six of the studies were rated methodologically weak, and one was rated moderate. Because of heterogeneity, low methodological quality, and incomplete data reporting, the studies were not pooled for meta-analysis. No beneficial dissemination strategies were found. One strategy involving the use of peer educators at the work site, which led to a short-term increase in fruit and vegetable intake, looks promising.Overall, the quality of the evidence is not strong, and the evidence that exists is more descriptive than evaluative. No clear conclusions can be drawn from these data. Controlled studies are needed to evaluate dissemination strategies and to compare dissemination and diffusion strategies that communicate different messages and target different audiences.
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164
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Robinson P, Keenan AM, Conaghan PG. Clinical effectiveness and dose response of image-guided intra-articular corticosteroid injection for hip osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 46:285-91. [PMID: 16873380 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess symptomatic change after intra-articular corticosteroid (IAST) injection at 2 doses in hip osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine dose response and predictors of response. METHODS Patients with hip OA (90 women and 30 men and median age 64 yrs) referred for IAST fluoroscopic injection were included in this longitudinal, clinical trial. WOMAC scores, body mass index (BMI), conventional radiographic grade (Kellgren and Lawrence scoring) and ultrasound measures (including capsular thickness and osteophyte assessments) were recorded at baseline. In the first phase of the study, 75 patients were injected with 40 mg methylprednisolone; another 45 patients were injected with 80 mg in the second phase. Change in WOMAC scores from baseline to weeks 6 and 12 were calculated for each dose and then dose comparisons were made. Clinical responders (>15% reduction in baseline pain score) were identified in order to establish predictors of response. RESULTS For the 40 mg dose, there was a statistically significant improvement in pain (P < 0.001) and stiffness (P < 0.001) but not disability at week 6, and only the improvement in stiffness at week 12 was maintained (P = 0.041). For the 80 mg dose, there was significant improvement in pain (P < 0.001), stiffness (P < 0.001) and disability (P < 0.001) at week 6, which was maintained for all domains at week 12 (P = 0.002; P = 0.001; P < 0.001). When the doses were compared, the 80 mg dose demonstrated a significant improvement compared with the 40 mg group for stiffness at week 12 (P = 0.026) and disability at both weeks 6 and 12 (P = 0.026; P = 0.004). Imaging findings did not relate to severity of symptoms or response to IAST. CONCLUSIONS In these two hip OA cohorts, both the 40 mg and 80 mg IAST doses had a beneficial effect at week 6, while the 80 mg dose maintained this improvement at week 12. Comparison of the two dose groups provided some evidence of a dose response. Randomized controlled trials of IAST for hip OA are now required.
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165
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Robinson PD, Högler W, Craig ME, Verge CF, Walker JL, Piper AC, Woodhead HJ, Cowell CT, Ambler GR. The re-emerging burden of rickets: a decade of experience from Sydney. Arch Dis Child 2006; 91:564-8. [PMID: 15956045 PMCID: PMC2082843 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2004.069575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To define the demographics and clinical characteristics of cases presenting with nutritional rickets to paediatric centres in Sydney, Australia. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study of 126 cases seen from 1993 to 2003 with a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency and/or confirmed rickets defined by long bone x ray changes. RESULTS A steady increase was seen in the number of cases per year, with a doubling of cases from 2002 to 2003. Median age of presentation was 15.1 months, with 25% presenting at less than 6 months of age. The most common presenting features were hypocalcaemic seizures (33%) and bowed legs (22%). Males presented at a younger age, with a lower weight SDS, and more often with seizures. The caseload was almost exclusively from recently immigrated children or first generation offspring of immigrant parents, with the region of origin predominantly the Indian subcontinent (37%), Africa (33%), and the Middle East (11%). Seventy nine per cent of the cases were born in Australia. Eleven cases (all aged <7 months) presented atypically with hyperphosphataemia. CONCLUSIONS This large case series shows that a significant and increasing caseload of vitamin D deficiency remains, even in a developed country with high sunlight hours. Cases mirror recent immigration trends. Since birth or residence in Australia does not appear to be protective, screening of at risk immigrant families should be implemented through public health policies.
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166
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Sargent F, Robinson P, Johnson RE, Castiglione M. F(1) AND F(2) OF NAJJAR AND HOLT IN THE URINE OF NORMAL YOUNG MEN. J Clin Invest 2006; 23:714-9. [PMID: 16695154 PMCID: PMC435392 DOI: 10.1172/jci101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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167
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Reimer P, Wirth C, Schima W, Vestring T, Schönberg S, Robinson P. CMR 2005: 1.05: Does dual-contrast MRI of the liver improve the detection of focal liver lesions? On-site results of a prospective multicenter study. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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168
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Gaw SK, Wilkins AL, Kim ND, Palmer GT, Robinson P. Trace element and Sigma DDT concentrations in horticultural soils from the Tasman, Waikato and Auckland regions of New Zealand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 355:31-47. [PMID: 15882892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The long-term routine use of agrichemicals can result in elevated levels of trace elements and persistent organic pollutants in soils. Trace element concentrations and SigmaDDT levels were measured in soil (0-7.5 cm) samples collected from horticultural and grazing properties in 3 regions of New Zealand (Auckland, Tasman and Waikato). Elevated levels of arsenic (<2 to 58 mg kg(-1)), cadmium (<0.1 to 1.5 mg kg(-1)), copper (5 to 523 mg kg(-1)), lead (5 to 243 mg kg(-1)) and SigmaDDT (<0.03 to 34.5 mg kg(-1)) were detected in soils from all 3 regions. With the exception of cadmium and zinc, significantly higher levels of contaminants were generally detected in horticultural soils than in grazing soils. Our results have implications for the on-going use of agrichemicals as concentrations of cadmium, copper, tin and zinc in some samples exceeded ecotoxicity based soil criteria. The p,p'-DDE:DDT ratios indicate that the degradation of DDT in NZ horticultural soils may be inhibited by the co-contamination with trace elements.
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169
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McAleer R, Paratz J, Button B, Shilds N, Davidson M, Robinson P. 385 The development of the Cystic Fibrosis Impact of Diagnosis Scale (CFID). J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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170
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Wirth C, Reimer P, Schima W, Robinson P, Schoenberg SO, Vestring T, Caurette D. Kann die Klassifikation und die Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen durch ein Doppelkontrastkonzept in der MRT verbessert werden? On-site Ergebnisse einer Multizenterstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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171
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172
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Reimer P, Wirth C, Schima W, Schoenberg S, Robinson P, Vestring T, Caurette D. Kann die Detektion fokaler Leberläsionen durch ein Doppelkontrastkonzept verbessert werden? On-site-Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Multicenterstudie. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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173
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Jones J, Amess TR, Robinson PD. Treatment of chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible with calcitonin: a report of two cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 43:173-6. [PMID: 15749221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report two patients with diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis in the mandible in whom management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, long-term antibiotics, and surgical debridement failed to resolve the symptoms of pain and swelling, which subsequently improved when the patients were given calcitonin.
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174
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Jensen KK, Lassen J, Robinson P, Sandøe P. Lay and expert perceptions of zoonotic risks: understanding conflicting perspectives in the light of moral theory. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 99:245-55. [PMID: 15808359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Revised: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As in many other areas, there is a divide between lay and expert perceptions of risk within the food sector, and this can lead to disagreement over priorities in food risk management. The risk perception literature tends to stress that the parties involved in this disagreement have different concepts of risk and hence are bound more or less to talk at cross-purposes. This paper suggests an alternative analysis: In the light of moral theory, the conflicting perspectives can be understood as a genuine moral conflict. When this conflict is conceptualised, a rational dialogue becomes possible. The paper reports a series of qualitative interviews with lay people and experts on zoonotic food risks. The interviews are used to reconstruct the values underlying some of the dominant perspectives. The conflict between these stylised perspectives is then analysed with the help of moral theory. Finally, some consequences for risk communication are made clear.
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Pedreira CC, Robert RGD, Dalton V, Oliver MR, Carlin JB, Robinson P, Cameron FJ. Association of body composition and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2005; 39:276-80. [PMID: 15668934 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Survival in cystic fibrosis has improved significantly in the last 30 years, with major therapeutic goals of delaying the progressive loss of pulmonary function and maintaining normal growth. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) to assess both bone mineral density and body composition. We hypothesised that there would be an association between body composition and pulmonary function in children with CF. Fifty subjects with CF (28 males), mean age 12.7 years, participated in the study. Body composition was determined by DEXA. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the ratio of weight/height2 (kg/m2). Lung function was assessed by spirometry. Most patients (78%) had mild lung disease. The mean forced expired volume in 1 sec percent predicted (FEV1% predicted) for the 50 patients was 79.2% (range, 24-117%). There was a strong association between FEV1% predicted and BMI (R=0.59, P=0.0001). Fat-free mass had positive association with pulmonary function tests (R=0.30, P=0.03). Although fat mass showed a positive correlation with pulmonary function, this association did not reach statistical significance. In our group of children with CF and mild lung disease, pulmonary function was more strongly associated with BMI than with fat and fat-free mass.
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