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Walter R, Efrusy ME. Pancreas divisum and carcinoma of the head of the pancreas in an anicteric patient: report of a case. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OSTEOPATHIC ASSOCIATION 1985; 85:447-9. [PMID: 4044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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152
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Abstract
The following case study shows the important motive relationship between homosexual panic and lust murder. By case analysis, the selected rationale system of the subject is discussed and illustrated.
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153
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Boggan JE, Walter R, Edwards MS, Borcich JK, Davis RL, Koonce M, Berns MW. Distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative in the rat 9l gliosarcoma brain tumor analyzed by digital video fluorescence microscopy. J Neurosurg 1984; 61:1113-9. [PMID: 6239014 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1984.61.6.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A digital video fluorescence microscopy technique was used to evaluate the distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in the rat intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma brain-tumor model at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg of the drug. Compared to surrounding normal brain, there was significant preferential uptake of HPD into the tumor. In sections surveyed, fluorescence reached a maximum value by 24 hours; however, only 33% to 44% of the tumor was fluorescent. In contrast, fluorescence within the surrounding normal brain was maximum at 4 hours, but was present in less than 1% of the brain tissue evaluated. The effect of HPD sensitization to a laser light dose (633 nm) of 30 joules/sq cm delivered through the intact skull was evaluated histologically in 10 rats. A patchy coagulation necrosis, possibly corresponding to the distribution of HPD fluorescence seen within the tumor, was observed. There was evidence that photoradiation therapy (PRT) affects defective tumor vasculature and that a direct tumor cell toxicity spared normal brain tissue. Despite these findings, limited uptake of HPD in tumor and the brain adjacent to tumor may decrease the effectiveness of PRT in the 9L gliosarcoma brain-tumor model. Because of the similarity between the capillary system of the 9L tumor and human brain tumors, PRT may have a limited therapeutic effect in patients with malignant brain tumors.
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154
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Berns MW, Wile A, Dahlman A, Johnson F, Burns R, Sperling D, Guiltinan M, Siemens A, Walter R, Hammer-Wilson M. Cellular uptake, excretion and localization of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1983; 160:139-50. [PMID: 6220570 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-4406-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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155
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Engels S, Hager W, Kluge HJ, Münch M, Sager D, Seefluth H, Walter R, Wilde M. Untersuchungen an Metallkatalysatoren. Z PHYS CHEM 1983. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1983-01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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156
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Martin M, Walter R. [Body image and neuroticism in children and adolescents]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 1982; 31:213-8. [PMID: 7145826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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157
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Walter R, Hoffman PL, Church AC, Flexner JB, Flexner LB. The cyclized C-terminal dipeptide of arginine vasopressin: metabolic stability and antagonism of puromycin-induced amnesia. Horm Behav 1982; 16:234-44. [PMID: 7118089 DOI: 10.1016/0018-506x(82)90022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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158
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Walter R, Dobberkau HJ, Diener W, Dürkop J, Härtel I, Heinrich U, Stettnisch B. [Experimental studies of the circulation of enteropathogenic viruses]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE HYGIENE UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1982; 28:391-5. [PMID: 6289541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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159
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Berns MW, Dahlman A, Johnson FM, Burns R, Sperling D, Guiltinan M, Siemens A, Walter R, Wright W, Hammer-Wilson M, Wile A. In vitro cellular effects of hematoporphyrin derivative. Cancer Res 1982; 42:2325-9. [PMID: 6210430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro cell systems were exposed to hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD): established lines of rat kangaroo epithelial kidney; normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts; and differentiated neonatal rat myocardial cells. The uptake of HPD (25 to 100 micrograms/ml) by individual cells occurred rapidly over a 2-hr period and leveled off by 24 hr. HPD was excreted from cells by 48 hr after exposure. However, a low level of HPD (above background) was maintained in cells for up to 4 days following cessation of exposure. Intracellular binding of HPD was to mitochondria as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. HPD was also shown to have a growth-inhibiting effect on rat kangaroo cells without added light. The growth effects on mouse cells were less marked.
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160
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Siemens A, Walter R, Liaw LH, Berns MW. Laser-stimulated fluorescence of submicrometer regions within single mitochondria of rhodamine-treated myocardial cells in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:466-70. [PMID: 6952198 PMCID: PMC345764 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A focused laser beam of 442 nm was used to stimulate fluorescence in 0.5-micrometer spots in single mitochondria of myocardial and endothelial cells in culture. Cells were treated with rhodamine 6G or 123 in order to render the mitochondria fluorescent. Rhodamine 123-treated cells exhibited a gradual decrease in fluorescence over several minutes, whereas the rhodamine 6G-treated myocardial cells exhibited three distinct patterns of variable fluorescence intensity. These patterns were detected at different points within the same mitochondrion or in different mitochondria. Mitochondria from nonmyocardial endothelial cells did not exhibit any variable intensity patterns of fluorescence. Electron microscopy revealed no ultrastructural damage attributable to laser exposure of the mitochondria. The variable fluorescence patterns are hypothesized to be indicative of localized alterations in molecules or ions at the suborganelle level.
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161
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Walter R, Dobberkau HJ, Bartelt W, Diener W, Härtel I, Heinrich U, Müller U, Rüdiger S, Stettnisch B. Long-term study of virus contamination of surface water in the German Democratic Republic. Bull World Health Organ 1982; 60:789-95. [PMID: 6983929 PMCID: PMC2536037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1979, a study of the concentration of viruses in surface water was carried out by 4 virological laboratories in different regions of the German Democratic Republic. All these laboratories used the same methods for virus detection.Altogether 1908 samples from 30 sampling points were evaluated. The rate of virus isolation ranged from 8% to 92% with a mean of 20%. There were considerable differences in isolation rate among the sampling points, and the rate for any particular point varied from year to year.The mean value of virus concentration, determined by the most probable number technique, was 2.7 cytopathogenic units (CU) per litre, while the maximum was 22.1 CU/litre. Viruses seen throughout the 10-year investigation included poliovirus, types 1, 2, and 3, echovirus types 6, 11, and 30, and coxsackievirus B 3 and B 5; echovirus 7 and 24, coxsackievirus B 1, and adenovirus 5 were seen occasionally. The results of the study reflected the high level of use of surface waters in the German Democratic Republic.Where water is intended for human use, e.g., as drinking-water or for recreation, reasonable safety measures, such as water treatment and disinfection, should be taken, in order to ensure that the level of viral contamination is within the permissible limits.
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162
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Berns MW, Aist J, Edwards J, Strahs K, Girton J, McNeill P, Rattner JB, Kitzes M, Hammer-Wilson M, Liaw LH, Siemens A, Koonce M, Peterson S, Brenner S, Burt J, Walter R, Bryant PJ, van Dyk D, Coulombe J, Cahill T, Berns GS. Laser microsurgery in cell and developmental biology. Science 1981; 213:505-13. [PMID: 7017933 DOI: 10.1126/science.7017933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
New applications of laser microbeam irradiation to cell and developmental biology include a new instrument with a tunable wavelength (217- to 800-nanometer) laser microbeam and a wide range of energies and exposure durations (down to 25 X 10(-12) second). Laser microbeams can be used for microirradiation of selected nucleolar genetic regions and for laser microdissection of mitotic and cytoplasmic organelles. They are also used to disrupt the developing neurosensory appendages of the cricket and the imaginal discs of Drosophila.
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163
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Hantusch U, Löhlein K, Walter R. [Bacterial contamination studies of the cooling water system of dental turbines]. STOMATOLOGIE DER DDR 1981; 31:222-5. [PMID: 7025360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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164
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Wyssbrod HR, Fischman AJ, Wittbold WM, Smith CW, Walter R, Schwartz IL. Comparative study of the neurohypophyseal hormone [8-arginine]vasopressin and its analog [7-(3,4-dehydroproline), 8-arginine]vasopressin in aqueous solution. An examination of the nonlabile protons by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1981; 17:48-55. [PMID: 7228491 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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165
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Walter R, Smith CW, Sarathy KP, Pillai RP, Krishna NR, Lenkinski RE, Glickson JD, Hruby VJ. H N.M.R. study of the conformation of [Glu4] oxytocin and its lanthanide complexes in aqueous solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1981; 17:56-64. [PMID: 7228492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1981.tb01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
At 400 MHz the 1H chemical shifts, peptide NH-C alpha H coupling constants (JN alpha) and peptide hydrogen exchange rates of [Glu4] oxytocin in aqueous solution closely resemble those previously reported for oxytocin under comparable conditions, indicating that both the parent hormone and its analogue have similar conformations in this solvent. The hydrogen exchange data suggest a dynamic equilibrium between conformation(s) in which the peptide NH's of Asn5 and Cys6 are internally hydrogen bonded and conformation(s) in which these hydrogens are bonded to the solvent. [Glu4] oxytocin forms 1:1 complexes with lanthanide metal ions. The diamagnetic La3+ complex exhibits values of JN alpha very similar to those of the metal free hormone analogue, suggesting that coordination of the metal is accompanied by minimal perturbation of the peptide backbone. Specific average proton-metal distances estimated from Gd3+ induced paramagnetic relaxation effects indicate that the metal is probably coordinated to the Glu4 carboxyl group and the sidechain carbonyl of Asn5. Limiting shifts induced by binding of paramagnetic Yb3+ are also reported.
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166
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Bothner-By AA, Lemarie B, Walter R, Tiao-Te Co R, Rabbani LD, Breslow E. N.M.R. and equilibrium dialysis studies of the interaction of bovine neurophysin-1 with vasopressin and small peptides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 16:450-63. [PMID: 7216620 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The binding to bovine neurophysin of lysine-vasopressin and of lysine-vasopressin selectively deuterated at the protons ortho to the tyrosine hydroxyl was studied by proton n.m.r. and equilibrium dialysis. The principal object of these studies was to investigate reports that, at standard salt concentrations, neurophysin contained a second site specific for vasopressin. At pH 6, the effects of neurophysin-I on the line-width, longitudinal relaxation rate and nuclear Overhauser properties of the lysine-vasopressin tyrosine ring protons were interpretable in terms of a slow-exchange 1:1 interaction between lysine-vasopressin and neurophysin. Additionally, n.m.r. competition studies between lysine-vasopressin and L-phenylalanyl-L tyrosinamide suggested 1:1 competition for a single binding site on neurophysin. No evidence pointing to a significant second lysine-vasopressin-binding site was obtained from the n.m.r. studies. The lack of a moderately strong second binding site for lysine-vasopressin at neutral pH was also indicated by equilibrium dialysis studies at relatively high free hormone concentrations. These studies demonstrated only a single thermodynamically significant site for either oxytocin or vasopressin and failed to confirm a reported effect of LiCl on the number of sites available to oxytocin. It is suggested that secondary sites for the hormones are probably markedly weaker and less specific than reported elsewhere.
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167
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Matsueda R, Walter R. 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group. A novel selective protecting group which can be activated for peptide bond formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 16:392-401. [PMID: 7216615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The novel 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys) group, which is useful for the protection and the activation of amino and hydroxyl groups for peptide synthesis, is reported. The Npys group is readily introduced by treatment of amino acids with 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl chloride. The Npys group is easily removed by treatment with very dilute HCl, e.g. 0.1-0.2 N HCl in dioxane, but is is resistant to trifluoroacetic acid and 88% formic acid. Npys is also selectively removed under neutral conditions using triphenylphosphine or 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide without affecting benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), 2-(4-biphenylyl)propyl(2)oxycarbonyl (Bpoc), 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc), benzyl (Bzl) or tert-butyl (tBu) protecting groups. The N-Npys and O-Npys groups when activated in the presence of RCOOH by the addition of tertiary phosphine form peptide or ester bonds via oxidation-reduction condensation. The important features of the Npys group are demonstrated through the synthesis of peptides in solution and by solid phase methodology without a formal deprotection procedure. In solid phase synthesis, 4-(Npys-oxymethyl) phenylacetic acid is used as the key intermediate for the introduction of the trifluoroacetic acid resistant 4-(oxymethyl) phenylacetamido linking group to the resin.
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168
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Smith CW, Skala G, Walter R. Bidirectional synthesis of [5-aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin on poly-N-acrylylpyrrolidine resin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 16:365-71. [PMID: 7216612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the proposed biologically active conformation of vasopressin at its antidiuretic receptor, the side-chain carboxamide moiety of the 5-position asparaginyl residue has been suggested to be an active element for the initiation of the antidiuretic response. [5-Aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin, the analog in which the -NH2 portion of the primary amide has been replaced by an -OH group, has been synthesized and tested for some of the pharmacological activities of vasopressin. The partially protected nonapeptide intermediate was assembled bidirectionally on a poly-N-acrylylpyrrolidine resin. The 6-position cysteinyl residue was attached to the resin via its side-chain through an S-carbamoyl linkage. First the COOH-terminus was extended by coupling with Pro-Arg(Tos)-Gly-NH2, then the NH2-terminus was extended in a stepwise manner. [5-Aspartic acid] arginine vasopressin was found to possess 86.5 +/- 4.8 units/mg of antidiuretic potency, 17% of the parent hormone. In addition, the analog possesses rat pressor and rat uterotonic potencies of 6.93 +/- 0.15 and 0.38 +/- 0.03 units/mg, respectively. This result suggests that a carboxylic acid moiety on the 5-position aspartyl residue retains sufficient steric features and hydrophilicity in common with the carboxamide moiety present in the hormone to substitute for it as an active element at the antidiuretic receptor.
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169
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Walter R, Hoffman PL, Flexner JB, Flexner LB. Time-dependency of neurohypophyseal peptide attenuation of puromycin amnesia in mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 16:482-6. [PMID: 7194322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
[Ile3, Arg8]vasopressin (arginine-vasotocin), as well as the C-terminal tripeptides of the neurohypophyseal hormones arginine and lysine vasopressin, Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2 and Pro-Lys-Gly-NH2, were protective against puromycin-induced amnesia in mice when administered 24h before training. The N-protected tripeptide derivative, Z-Pro-Lys-Gly-NH2, was effective when given 5 days before training. The effectiveness of all peptides to attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia decreased as the interval between training and peptide treatment increased, indicating that the peptides influence memory processes, rather than general arousal. Z-Pro-Lys-Gly-NH2 was active at 24h after training, when the other peptides were no longer effective. Although it seems clear that neurohypophyseal hormones per se can attenuate puromycin-induced amnesia, these results are in line with the possibility that some portion of hormone action may be mediated via formation of longer-lived hormone fragments in the CNS.
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170
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Ting YF, Smith CW, Stahl GL, Walter R, Cordopatis P, Theodoropoulos D. Effect of changing the COOH-terminal amide group present in the hydrophilic cluster of oxytocin to dimethylamide. J Med Chem 1980; 23:693-5. [PMID: 7392037 DOI: 10.1021/jm00180a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocinoic acid dimethylamide was synthesized by stepwise solution techniques as part of an ongoing evaluation of the effects on the biological activity of oxytocin caused by individually changing the groups that comprises the hydrophilic surface of the hormone to more hydrophobic and more bulky groups. The analogue exhibited approximately 3% of the potency of oxytocin in the in vitro uterotonic assay. In addition, it possesses potencies of less than 0.07, less than 0.01, and 0.096 unit/mg in the avian vasodepressor, rat pressor, and rat antidiuretic assays, respectively. In the in vitro uterotonic assay, oxytocinoic acid dimethylamide showed a reduced affinity for the oxytocin receptor, a nonparallel dose-response relationship, and most importantly a reduced intrinsic activity as compared to oxytocin. The results suggest that the replacement of the protons of the primary carboxyamide of Gly9-NH2 of oxytocin by methyl groups displaces the active elements from the orientation for obtaining maximal intrinsic activity in the isolated rat uterus.
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171
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Yoshimoto T, Walter R, Tsuru D. Proline-specific endopeptidase from Flavobacterium. Purification and properties. J Biol Chem 1980; 255:4786-92. [PMID: 6768725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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172
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Schmeisser M, Walter R, Naumann D. Untersuchungen zur plasmachemischen Darstellung von Trifluormethyl-Verbindungen der Elemente Quecksilber, Tellur und Xenon. Z Anorg Allg Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19804640122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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173
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Abstract
Peptidases which are specific for proline residues have been described and include endopeptidases (post-proline cleaving enzyme and proline specific endopeptidase), N-terminal exopeptidases (post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, proline iminopeptidase, aminopeptidase P), C-terminal exopeptidases (prolylcarboxypeptidase, and carboxypeptidase P) and dipeptidases (prolyl dipeptidase and proline dipeptidase). The properties, distinguishing charcteristics, and possible significance of these proline specific endo- and exopeptidases are discussed. In addition, reference is made to a series of enzymes which can hydrolyze proline containing peptide bonds, but which are not specific for proline.
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174
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Stahl GL, Smith CW, Walter R. Superior swelling properties of resins of poly-N-acrylyldialkylamines over polystyrene in solvents for peptide synthesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 15:331-4. [PMID: 7419360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1980.tb02909.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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175
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Breslow E, Stahl GL, Walter R. (L-2-hydroxy-3-mercaptopropionic-acid)oxytocin. Circular dichroism studies of conformation and interaction with neurophysin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN RESEARCH 1980; 15:314-22. [PMID: 7419358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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