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Sinha A, Narula R, Narayanan R. Comments on 23-gauge versus 20-gauge system for pars plana vitrectomy. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1694-5; author reply 1695. [PMID: 19939803 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.160788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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177
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Sinha A, Meldrum D, Sinha B, Thakor A. Int J Obstet Anesth 2009; 18:422-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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178
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Sinha A, Jayashree M, Singhi S. Aerosolized L-epinephrine vs budesonide for post extubation stridor: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr 2009; 47:317-22. [PMID: 19736368 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-010-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of aerosolized L-epinephrine vs budesonide in the treatment of post-extubation stridor. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary teaching and referral hospital. SUBJECTS Sixty two patients with a stridor score ?4 following extubation. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to receive either aerosolized L-epinephrine (n=32) or budesonide (n =30). Respiratory rate, heart rate, stridor score, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were recorded from 0 min to 24 hours. OUTCOME MEASURES Stridor score remaining at >4, need for renebulization and reintubation between 20 min to 24 hours were primary outcome measures. Tachycardia (HR > normal for age), hypertension (BP >95th centile for age) and hypoxia (SpO2 < 92% for 5 min) were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Both drugs showed a significant and comparable decline in the median (95% CI) stridor scores from baseline to 60 min [4 (4.10-4.50) to 2.00 (1.46-2.67) for budesonide vs 4 (4.12-5.00) to 2.00 (1.31 -2.75) for epinephrine]. At 2 hours, the stridor scores were significantly lower in the epinephrine as compared to budesonide group [0.00 (0.69-1.81) vs 3.00(1.75-3.32); P =0.02)]. However, the proportion of patients with stridor score >4 at any time between 20 min to 24 hrs (53.3% vs 53.1%; P=0.99), need for renebulization (40% vs 43.8%; P=0.76) and reintubation (20% vs 25%, P=0.638), and adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Both aerosolized L-epinephrine and budesonide were equally effective in their initial therapeutic response in post-extubation stridor. However, epinephrine showed a more sustained effect.
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Heazell AEP, Sinha A, Bhatti NR. A case of gestational diabetes arising following treatment with glucocorticosteroids for pemphigoid gestationis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2009; 18:353-5. [PMID: 16390798 DOI: 10.1080/14767050500275705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A case of pemphigoid gestationis, a rare autoimmune disease unique to pregnancy, is described. To control the skin lesions systemic corticosteroids were required. The patient developed gestational diabetes mellitus. The pregnancy continued to 37 weeks and a live male infant was delivered. There was no evidence of macroscopic changes in the placenta. The skin lesions resolved in the postpartum period.
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Makharia GK, Seith A, Sharma SK, Sinha A, Goswami P, Aggarwal A, Puri K, Sreenivas V. Structural and functional abnormalities in lungs in patients with achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21:603-8, e20. [PMID: 19222759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dilatation and oesophageal body aperistalsis in achalasia can lead to stasis which in turn can induce repeated microaspiration. It is therefore conceivable that patients with achalasia may also have abnormalities in lungs secondary to repeated episodes of microaspiration. There is a lack of systematic study on involvement of lungs in patients with achalasia. Thirty patients with achalasia underwent pulmonary function tests (spirometry, and carbon mono-oxide diffusion capacity) and high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) of the chest. The mean age of patients and mean duration of disease were 33.5 +/- 10.9 years and 28.1 +/- 27.3 months respectively. Regurgitation was present in 22 (73.3%) of them. Respiratory symptoms in them were dry cough in 17 (56.6%), and chest pain in 18 (60%). The oesophagus was dilated in 26 (86.6%) and 13 (43.3%) had residue in oesophagus. Sixteen (53.3%) patients had either anatomical changes as seen on HRCT or functional changes as observed on pulmonary function tests. Of those with functional abnormalities, five (16.6%) and one (3.3%) had restrictive and obstructive airways disease respectively. While evidence of tracheo-bronchial compression by dilated oesophagus was present in eight (26.6%), 10 (33.3%) patients had parenchymal lung disease [nodular opacities in five (16.6%), ground glass appearance six (20%), patchy pulmonary fibrosis five (16.6%), air trapping two (6.6%), consolidation and bronchiectasis one (3.3%) each]. There was a significant association between presence of regurgitation and dilatation of oesophagus (P = 0.032). More than half (53.3%) of patients with achalasia have structural and/or functional abnormalities in lungs.
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Pramanick AK, Sinha A, Sastry GVS, Ghosh RN. Near-grain-boundary characterization by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2009; 109:741-7. [PMID: 19303710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of near-grain boundary is carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It has been observed to be the most suitable technique owing to its capability to investigate the surface at high resolution. Commercial purity-grade nickel processed under different conditions, viz., (i) cold-rolled and annealed and (ii) thermally etched condition without cold rolling, is considered in the present study. AFM crystallographic data match well with the standard data. Hence, it establishes two grain-boundary relations viz., plane matching and coincidence site lattice (CSL Sigma=9) relation for the two different sample conditions.
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Madias JE, Sinha A, Ashtiani R, Agarwal H, Win M, Narayan VK. A critique of the new ST-segment criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with left bundle-branch block. Clin Cardiol 2009; 24:652-5. [PMID: 11594410 PMCID: PMC6654957 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960241004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the presence of left bundle-branch block (LBBB). However, clinical experience indicates that such ECG changes indicative of AMI are occasionally noted in clinically stable patients with LBBB, raising concerns about the specificity of the proposed criteria. HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of ST-segment abnormalities suggestive of AMI in ambulatory patients with cardiovascular disease and chronic LBBB, who did not have an AMI. In addition, the ECG determinants of such ST-segment abnormalities were sought. METHODS The files of all (4,193) patients followed in the outpatient cardiology clinic were reviewed to identify patients with LBBB. Electrocardiograms of these patients were evaluated as to the duration of the QRS complex, frontal QRS axis, amplitude of QRS in leads V1-V3, and the presence and magnitude of ST-segment depression (-ST) in leads V1-V3, and ST-segment elevation (+ST) in leads with predominantly positive or negative QRS complexes. Correlations of these ECG variables were carried out. RESULTS In 124 patients with LBBB only 1 patient with -ST of 1 mm in leads V1-V3, and 1 patient with +ST of 1 mm in a predominantly positive ECG lead were found; the latter patient also had +ST of 6 mm in V3. Nine patients were detected with > or = 5 mm +ST in at least one ECG lead with predominantly negative QRS complex. Regression analysis of amplitude of +STs on corresponding QRS amplitudes in leads V1-V3 yielded Rs of 0.69, 0.68, and 0.69, all with a p value of 0.00005. A similar analysis of the amplitudes of +STs > or = 5 mm with the corresponding QRSs yielded an R = 0.76 and a p value of 0.0018. CONCLUSIONS Thus, recently proposed ST-segment criteria for the diagnosis of AMI in patients with LBBB are appropriate. However, stable > or = 5 mm +STs are occasionally found in leads with predominantly negative QRS complexes, particularly of large amplitude (mean value 46.0, range [28.0-71.0] mm) in the absence of AMI. In such patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of AMI, further non-ECG confirmation of probable underlying AMI should be sought.
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Shahzad K, Cadeiras M, John M, Latif F, Sinha A, Memon S, Restaino S, Marboe C, Deng M. 395: Relationship between Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and QTc-Interval after Heart Transplantation in the Absence of Moderate or Severe Acute Cellular Rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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185
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Shahzad K, Sinha A, Latif F, Cadeiras M, Oz S, Naka Y, Deng M. 617: Leukocyte Gene Expression Profiles of Hyperbilirubinemia Following Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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186
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Lavaju P, Arya SK, Sinha A, Pandey S, Adhikari S, Shrestha BG, Chetan S, Agarwal TL. Pattern of ocular tumors in the eastern region of Nepal. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2009; 1:9-12. [PMID: 21141015 DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i1.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ocular tumors are commonly encountered in ophthalmic practice. OBJECTIVE to study the clinical pattern of ocular tumors in the eastern region of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS the hospital records of patients with ocular tumors treated at B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in the eastern region of Nepal over a period of 5 years (April 2003 - March 2008) were studied retrospectively. RESULTS of 115 consecutive patients with ocular tumors, 40 (34.75%) were below the age of 21 years, 41 (35.65%) were in the age group of 21-50 years and 34 (29.56%) of age above 50 years. There were 48 (41.73%) and 67 (58.26%) patients with benign and malignant tumors respectively. The common benign tumors were conjunctival papilloma, dermoid cysts, nevus, cystic lesions and hemangioma. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma was the commonest (22.38%). Retinoblastoma was the most common ocular malignant tumor in the pediatric age group (88.8%). Basal cell carcinoma was the commonest eyelid malignancy (53.57%). CONCLUSION conjunctival papilloma, dermoid cysts, nevus, cystic lesions and hemangioma are common benign ocular tumors, whereas basal cell carcinoma and retinoblastoma are the commonest ocular malignancies in adults and children respectively.
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Sinha A, Hartsilver E. Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with dopa-responsive dystonia or Segawa’s syndrome. Int J Obstet Anesth 2009; 18:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 06/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Joseph J, Mehta P, Rimawi A, Cottler-Fox M, Sinha A, Mansingh B, Smith ES, Mehta JL. Stem cell mobilization utilizing granulocyte colony stimulating factor in advanced chronic heart failure: lessons from a pilot study. Eur Heart J Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/sun047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Thomson J, Culley V, Monfrinoli A, Sinha A. Transcutaneous bilirubinometers and ethnicity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008; 93:F474. [PMID: 18941033 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2008.145060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sinha A, Roy M. An ICMR task force study of Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission (PPTCT) service delivery in India. Indian J Public Health 2008; 52:200-202. [PMID: 19189821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A retrospective survey was conducted during August to December 2007 in 19 medical colleges of India to examine the functioning of the PPTCT service delivery. Data was extracted from records of the PPTCT centers for the year 2005-2006. HIV prevalence was higher than 2005 NACO figures in 11 out of 19 (57.8%) centers. There was wide variation in the proportion of women counseled & tested for HIV in different centers. Antenatal prophylaxis was practiced in 7 out of 19 (36.8%) centers. Overall intra-natal ART was provided to 52.8% of HIV positive women. Early newborn testing was available at 3 out of 19 (15.7%) centers. Improved counseling services are required for better case detection.
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Sinha A, Bradley KM, Steatham J, Weaver A. Asymmetric breast uptake of radioiodine in a patient with thyroid malignancy: metastases or not? J R Soc Med 2008; 101:319-20. [PMID: 18515780 DOI: 10.1258/jrsm.2008.080040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various physiological processes can cause potentially misleading appearances in radioiodine whole body scans; proper understanding of the causes of these can therefore obviate diagnostic errors. Whole-body radioiodine scintigraphy with I131 or I123 is an accurate form of imaging used for management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Following thyroidectomy, any residual thyroid tissue or metastatic disease is ablated with high dose I131 and diagnostic images are acquired, demonstrating residual thyroid tissue and metastatic disease. However, atypical physiological uptake of I131 can simulate metastases.
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Sinha A, Sharma R, Kandpal H, Seenu V, Sharma M. Imaging appearance of parasitic infestations of the breast: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Acta Radiol 2008; 49:506-9. [PMID: 18568534 DOI: 10.1080/02841850801961274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infestations of the breast are uncommon. They may occur as a part of generalized disease, or present as primary breast infestations, making diagnosis difficult. Clinically, they are difficult to differentiate from the more common breast pathologies. However, imaging plays an important role, and different modalities often help distinguish and diagnose these rare conditions.
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Madhusudhan TR, Kumar TM, Bastawrous SS, Sinha A. Clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy in meniscal and ligamentous knee Injuries - a prospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2008; 3:19. [PMID: 18489779 PMCID: PMC2429899 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-3-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from 565 knee arthroscopies performed by two experienced knee surgeons between 2002 and 2005 for degenerative joint disorders, ligament injuries, loose body removals, lateral release of the patellar retinaculum, plica division, and adhesiolysis was prospectively collected. A subset of 109 patients from the above group who sequentially had clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy for suspected meniscal and ligament injuries were considered for the present study and the data was reviewed. Patients with previous menisectomies, knee ligament repairs or reconstructions and knee arthroscopies were excluded from the study. Patients were categorised into three groups on objective clinical assessment: those who were positive for either meniscal or cruciate ligament injury [group 1]; both meniscal and cruciate ligament injury [group 2] and those with highly suggestive symptoms and with negative clinical signs [group 3]. MRI was requested for confirmation of diagnosis and for additional information in all these patients. Two experienced radiologists reported MRI films. Clinical and MRI findings were compared with Arthroscopy as the gold standard. A thorough clinical examination performed by a skilled examiner more accurately correlated at Arthroscopy. MRI added no information in group 1 patients, valuable information in group 2 and was equivocal in group 3 patients. A negative MRI did not prevent an arthroscopy. In this study, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were more favourable for clinical examination though MRI was more sensitive for meniscal injuries. The use of MRI as a supplemental tool in the management of meniscal and ligament injuries should be highly individualised by an experienced surgeon.
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Sinha A, Mishra T, Ravishankar N. Polymer assisted hydroxyapatite microspheres suitable for biomedical application. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2009-2013. [PMID: 17952563 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hollow Microspheres of hydroxyapatite-polymer composite can be used as carriers in drug delivery and fillers in tissue engineering. Based on the concept of soft chemistry, a battery of technique is available in the literature to synthesize hollow microspheres, however, an economically viable synthesis route, having good control over the microarchitect and easy to be scaled up, is yet to be developed. Polymer matrix mediated synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles is known to synthesize nanoparticles with controlled morphology and dimensions. It is termed as biomimetic synthesis. Integrating the biomimetic synthesis of nano-particles and spray drying techniques, a novel process of producing hydroxyapatite-polymer composite hollow microspheres is briefly discussed here.
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Tripathi A, Sinha A, Pandey OP, Sengupta SK. Lanthanum(Iii) and Praseodymium(Iii) Complexes of Carbohydrazones and Thiocarbohydrazones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00945710009351753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lewis J, Hossain M, Mustafa A, Sinha A. Comparison of digital and plain radiography preoperative templating in total knee arthroplasty. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-008-0313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sammut SJC, Kandasamy J, Newman W, Sinha A, Ross J, Blair JC, May P. Relief of severe retro-orbital pain and vision improvement after optic-nerve decompression in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2008; 24:515-20. [PMID: 18193400 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-007-0543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We describe a case of a 9-year-old girl who developed progressive severe retro-orbital pain and partial visual loss in association with left optic-nerve compression due to polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the skull. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intradural decompression of the optic nerve resulted in immediate and complete resolution of the pain as well as a vast visual improvement. CONCLUSION In cases of fibrous dysplasia of the skull with evidence of optic-nerve compression, relief of retro-orbital pain should be an additional consideration when deciding to proceed with surgical management.
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Lakhtakia R, Sinha A, Anand SK, Dhar AK, Thakur PK, Mehta A. Acute Bilateral Hypopyon in Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia. Med J Armed Forces India 2008; 64:177-8. [PMID: 27408129 DOI: 10.1016/s0377-1237(08)80074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bhatta NK, Shrestha P, Budhathoki S, Kalakheti BK, Poudel P, Sinha A, Singh R. Profile of renal diseases in Nepalese children. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2008; 6:191-194. [PMID: 18769085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To find out the profile of renal diseases in children hospitalized in the pediatric department of the tertiary care university teaching hospital in Eastern Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of all the patients admitted at the department of pediatric from April 2002 to March 2007 was carried out for the presence of any renal diseases on the basis of their clinical presentation, laboratory findings and final diagnosis. RESULTS A total number of 10,396 children were admitted during the study period out of which 651 (6.3%) children had renal disease. Among them, nephrotic syndrome seen in 222 patients (34.1%) was the commonest renal disease, followed by post streptococcal nephritis in 187(28.7%) and hemolytic uremic syndrome 66(10.1%), other renal diseases seen were acute renal failure in 25 (3.9%), lupus nephritis 24 (3.7%), urinary tract infection in 23 (3.5%) Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) nephritis 26 (4%), chronic renal failure in 27 (4.2%) and other miscellaneous causes 51 (7.8%). CONCLUSION A substantial number of children are hospitalised with renal diseases, and current trends indicate that majority of them are preventable. In near future, there is a need to develop a comprehensive service for the children with kidney diseases in Nepal.
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Li S, Matthews J, Sinha A. Atmospheric Hydroxyl Radical Production from Electronically Excited NO2 and H2O. Science 2008; 319:1657-60. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1151443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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