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Fan L, Wang S, Change R, Jin D, Yu S, Gao Y. [Changes of tumor necrosis factor and free radical in aged rats with multiple organ failure]. ZHONGGUO YING YONG SHENG LI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO YINGYONG SHENGLIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 13:283. [PMID: 10074292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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177
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Arai K, Jin D, Kusu F, Takamura K. Determination of p-hydroxymandelic acid enantiomers in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 15:1509-14. [PMID: 9226583 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection using a chiral ligand-exchange column was developed for the enantioselective determination of p-hydroxymandelic acid (HMA), a metabolite of synephrine, with high sensitivity. A good linear relationship between current ratio and amount was noted for 0.5-500 pmol HMA, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for each HMA enantiomer. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was 1.6% at 100 pmol d-HMA and 2.2% at 100 pmol l-HMA. The detection limit of each HMA enantiomer was 0.5 pmol (signal to noise ratio, S/N = 3). By this method, HMA in Citrus unshiu and in urine following the ingestion of C. unshiu was determined. Although no HMA was found in c. unshiu, d- and l-HMA were present in urine after the ingestion of C. unshiu. The time courses of HMA and conjugated synephrine enantiomers excreted in urine following the ingestion of C. unshiu for 24 h could be monitored. This method should prove applicable to the study of synephrine metabolism.
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178
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Shiota N, Jin D, Takai S, Kawamura T, Koyama M, Nakamura N, Miyazaki M. Chymase is activated in the hamster heart following ventricular fibrosis during the chronic stage of hypertension. FEBS Lett 1997; 406:301-4. [PMID: 9136906 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pressure overload induces cardiac tissue remodeling. Chymase is known to regulate matrix metabolism and angiotensin II formation. In the present study, we investigated the pathophysiological functions of chymase in the pressure-overloaded hamster heart induced by a two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertension procedure. Fibrosis and apoptosis were observed in the pressure-overloaded hearts of 2K1C hamsters 32 weeks after clipping, but these histological changes were not detected at 16 weeks. Heart chymase-like activity of 2K1C hamsters at 32 weeks increased 5.2-fold compared with that at 16 weeks, while angiotensin-converting enzyme was not activated. Chymase might be involved in cardiac tissue remodeling during the chronic stage of hypertension.
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179
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Tai MS, McCartney JE, Adams GP, Jin D, Hudziak RM, Oppermann H, Laminet AA, Bookman MA, Wolf EJ, Liu S. Targeting c-erbB-2 expressing tumors using single-chain Fv monomers and dimers. Cancer Res 1995; 55:5983s-5989s. [PMID: 7493381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain Fv proteins containing a COOH-terminal cysteine (sFv') were constructed by using an antidigoxin 26.10 sFv and an anti-c-erbB-2 741F8 sFv. The fully active sFv' proteins were prepared by expression in Escherichia coli as insoluble inclusion bodies, followed by in vitro refolding using glutathione redox buffers and purification. The COOH-terminal cysteines of the refolded sFv' proteins were protected by a blocking group presumed to be the glutathionyl peptide, which was easily and selectively removed by gentle reduction. Air oxidation of the reduced sFv' monomers resulted in the efficient formation of disulfide-linked sFv' homodimers, designated (sFv')2, which were stable under oxidizing conditions and relatively slow to be disrupted under reducing conditions. The (26-10-1 sFv')-(741F8-1 sFv') heterodimer was prepared and possessed dual-antigen specificity; the active bispecific (sFv')2 dimerized under native conditions, apparently as a manifestation of self-association by the 741F8 sFv' subunit. Biodistribution and imaging studies that were performed on mice bearing human SK-OV-3 tumor xenografts that express the c-erbB-2 as a cell surface antigen were reviewed. Radioiodinated 741F8-2 (sFv')2 homodimer localized to the tumors with high specificity, as evidenced by excellent tumor:normal tissue ratios. Sagittal section autoradiography of whole animals 24 h after administration of antibody species revealed that 741F8 (sFv')2 produced a stronger tumor image than comparable doses of the 741F8 Fab, monomeric sFv', and the 26-10 (sFv')2 control without the high nonspecific background distribution of the 741F8 IgG.
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180
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McCartney JE, Tai MS, Hudziak RM, Adams GP, Weiner LM, Jin D, Stafford WF, Liu S, Bookman MA, Laminet AA. Engineering disulfide-linked single-chain Fv dimers [(sFv')2] with improved solution and targeting properties: anti-digoxin 26-10 (sFv')2 and anti-c-erbB-2 741F8 (sFv')2 made by protein folding and bonded through C-terminal cysteinyl peptides. PROTEIN ENGINEERING 1995; 8:301-14. [PMID: 7479692 DOI: 10.1093/protein/8.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain Fv fusions with C-terminal cysteinyl peptides (sFv') have been engineered using model sFv proteins based upon the 26-10 anti-digoxin IgG and 741F8 anti-c-erbB-2 IgG monoclonal antibodies. As part of the 741F8 sFv construction process, the PCR-amplified 741F8 VH gene was modified in an effort to correct possible primer-induced errors. Genetic replacement of the N-terminal beta-strand sequence of 741F8 VH with that from the FR1 of anti-c-erbB-2 520C9 VH resulted in a dramatic improvement of sFv folding yields. Folding in urea-glutathione redox buffers produced active sFv' with a protected C-terminal sulfhydryl, presumably as the mixed disulfide with glutathione. Disulfide-bonded (sFv')2 homodimers were made by disulfide interchange or oxidation after reductive elimination of the blocking group. Both 26-10 (sFv')2 and 741F8 (sFv')2 existed as stable dimers that were well behaved in solution, whereas 741F8 sFv and sFv' exhibited considerable self-association. The 741F8 sFv binds to the extracellular domain (ECD) of the c-erbB-2 oncogene protein, which is often overexpressed in breast cancer and other adenocarcinomas. The recombinant ECD was prepared to facilitate the analysis of 741F8 binding site properties; the cloned ECD gene, modified to encode a C-terminal Ser-Gly-His6 peptide, was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells using a vector that also expressed dihydrofolate reductase to facilitate methotrexate amplification. Optimized cell lines expressed ECD-His6 at high levels in a cell bioreactor; after isolation by immobilized metal affinity chromatography, final ECD yields were as high as 47 mg/l. An animal tumor model complemented physicochemical studies of 741F8 species and indicated increased tumor localization of the targeted 741F8 (sFv')2 over other monovalent 741F8 species.
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181
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Li G, Hu X, Jin D, Tian W, Phillips MR. A rating instrument for the evaluation of in-patient rehabilitation programmes in China. Results of reliability and validity testing. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1994:58-65. [PMID: 7946233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To objectively evaluate in-patient rehabilitation programmes in China, we developed a new rating scale: the Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Outcome Scale (IPROS). The scale has five subscales: performance in occupational therapy, daily activities, socialisation, personal hygiene, and level of interest in external events. Evaluators (physicians or nurses) observe patients for one week before coding items on a five-point scale. Comparison of four independent evaluators' results for 32 schizophrenic patients assessed on two separate occasions indicated that the inter-rater and test-retest reliability for the overall IPROS score and for the five subscale scores was excellent (all ICC values > or = 0.973). Validity was evaluated by comparing IPROS results with those of five other independently assessed clinical measures for 101 chronic schizophrenic patients before and after a six-month rehabilitation programme; concurrent validity and longitudinal validity were satisfactory (correlation coefficients 0.37-0.81, all P values < 0.01).
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182
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Jin D, Li G. The role of human rights and personal dignity in the rehabilitation of chronic psychiatric patients. A rural therapeutic community in Yanbian, Jilin. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1994:121-7. [PMID: 7946225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In 1983 the branch hospital of the Yanbian Community Psychiatric Hospital, a rural residential centre for 120 chronic psychiatric patients who have no means of financial support, adopted a new treatment philosophy that emphasised psychosocial rehabilitation and made the protection of patients' human rights and respect for their personal dignity the central organising principles for the hospital's treatment programme. From being a boarding facility for chronic psychiatric patients, the hospital became a thriving community. Comparison of the status of the 81 continuously resident schizophrenic patients before and after the policy change showed that (a) the proportion who actively participated in agricultural labour increased from 10% in 1982 to 38% in 1990; (b) the proportion who worked at non-agricultural jobs increased from 7% in 1982 to 22% in 1990; and (c) their mean yearly income increased from 1.67 Rmb in 1982 to 246.70 Rmb in 1990. Moreover, the number of successful suicides among all the patients in the hospital dropped from 13 in 1975-1982 to 1 in 1983-1990. We conclude that the success of psychiatric rehabilitation programmes depends on the extent to which they address the core issues of personal dignity and basic human rights.
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183
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Chang Y, Zhai F, Zhai W, Ge K, Jin D, de Onis M. The nutritional status of pre-school children in poor rural areas of China. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 1994; 3:55-60. [PMID: 24351235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Described are the main findings of the first large-scale nutrition monitoring project carried out over a 4-year period in China. The nutritional status of nearly 10 000 preschool children in 18 comparatively poor rural areas in seven provinces was followed each year over the period 198S89 in order to identify their major nutritional problems and improve their growth and development. Physical measurements were made and dietary surveys and biochemical tests were performed on a subsample of the children. The proportion of stunted and underweight children was far higher than the national average. Based on the possibilities offered by local circumstances, the prevalences of stunting and underweight were lowered and anemia greatly reduced. Along with the progress in nutrition monitoring, major efforts were made to train health workers, as well as to encourage increased production of green vegetables, poultry, and small livestock. The wealth of information collected and the experience gained may serve as a baseline record, the project currently being expanded to cover 100 counties throughout China.
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184
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Guo YJ, Liu G, Wang X, Jin D, Wu M, Ma J, Sy MS. Potential use of soluble CD44 in serum as indicator of tumor burden and metastasis in patients with gastric or colon cancer. Cancer Res 1994; 54:422-6. [PMID: 7506122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Soluble CD44 is present in the serum of normal individuals (2.7 +/- 1.1 nM). The concentration of soluble CD44 in the serum is elevated in patients with advanced gastric (24.2 +/- 9.8 nM) or colon cancer (30.8 +/- 11 nM). Serum CD44 concentration correlated with tumor metastasis and tumor burden. Surgical resection of tumors resulted in decreases in serum CD44 levels. By Western blot analysis, monoclonal anti-CD44 antibody reacted with a major protein with molecular weight between 130,000 and 190,000. In addition, two proteins with molecular weights of 72,000 and 80,000 can also be identified. Therefore, different CD44 isoforms may be present in the serum of cancer patients. Serum CD44 concentrations may be an indicator of tumor burden and metastasis in patients with malignant diseases.
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185
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Chang Y, Zhai F, Li W, Ge K, Jin D, de Onis M. Nutritional status of preschool children in poor rural areas of China. Bull World Health Organ 1994; 72:105-12. [PMID: 8131245 PMCID: PMC2486508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Described are the main findings of the first large-scale nutrition monitoring project carried out over a 4-year period in China. The nutritional status of nearly 10,000 preschool children in 18 comparatively poor rural areas in seven provinces was followed each year over the period 1986-89 in order to identify their major nutritional problems and improve their growth and development. Physical measurements were made and dietary surveys and biochemical tests were performed on a subsample of the children. The proportion of stunted and underweight children was far higher than the national average. Based on the possibilities offered by local circumstances, the prevalences of stunting and underweight were lowered and anaemia was greatly reduced. Along with the progress in nutrition monitoring, major efforts were made to train health workers, as well as to encourage increased production of green vegetables, poultry, and small livestock. The wealth of information collected and the experience gained may serve as a baseline record, the project currently being expanded to cover 100 counties throughout China.
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186
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Huston JS, McCartney J, Tai MS, Mottola-Hartshorn C, Jin D, Warren F, Keck P, Oppermann H. Medical applications of single-chain antibodies. Int Rev Immunol 1993; 10:195-217. [PMID: 8360586 DOI: 10.3109/08830189309061696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A single-chain antibody or single-chain Fv (sFv) incorporates the complete antibody binding site in a single polypeptide chain of minimal size, with an approximate molecular weight of 26,000. In antibodies, the antigen combining site is part of the Fv region, which is composed of the VH and VL variable domains on separate heavy and light chains. Efforts over nearly two decades have indicated that Fv fragments can only rarely be prepared from IgG and IgA antibodies by proteolytic dissection. Beginning in 1988, single-chain analogues of Fv fragments and their fusion proteins have been reliably generated by antibody engineering methods. The first step involves obtaining the genes encoding VH and VL domains with desired binding properties; these V genes may be isolated from a specific hybridoma cell line, selected from a combinatorial V-gene library, or made by V gene synthesis. The single-chain Fv is formed by connecting the component V genes with an oligonucleotide that encodes an appropriately designed linker peptide, such as (Gly4-Ser)3. The linker bridges the C-terminus of the first V region and N-terminus of the second, ordered as either VH-linker-VL or VL-linker-VH. In principle, the sFv binding site can faithfully replicate both the affinity and specificity of its parent antibody combining site, as demonstrated in our model studies with the 26-10 anti-digoxin sFv. Furthermore, the sFv remains stable at low concentrations that promote VH and VL dissociation from the Fv heterodimer, resulting in loss of Fv binding. Intravenously administered sFv proteins exhibit accelerated biodistribution and exceptionally fast clearance compared to IgG or Fab. These pharmacokinetic properties allow rapid imaging by sFv, which therefore may be labeled with a short-lived isotope such as Tc-99m. Expression of a single gene product from fused sFv and effector genes facilitates immunotargeting of the effector protein, as shown for single-chain Fv toxin fusion proteins.
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187
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Nakamura A, Kohsaka T, Jin D, Kobayashi N. Influence of glucocorticoid, aspirin, and gamma globulin on interleukin-6 production in the hepatoma cell line. IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1992; 24:31-6. [PMID: 1280631 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(92)90067-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current study was designed to observe the effects of drugs used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (glucocorticoid, aspirin, and gamma globulin) on interleukin 6 (IL-6) production in the liver which may be involved in acute phase protein stimulation. The HUH-7 hepatoma cell line was used in which the IL-6 gene is expressed and produces IL-6 in vitro. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 1% fetal calf serum for 12 h prior to addition of these drugs. We collected the cells and supernatants at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after addition of glucocorticoid, aspirin, and gamma globulin. IL-6 mRNA in the cells was measured by Northern blot hybridization, while the IL-6 activity in culture supernatants was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At 48 h after addition of glucocorticoid and aspirin, there was a suppression of IL-6 activity in the culture supernatants, which was associated with a decrease of mRNA level in the cells. However, suppression by gamma globulin was not observed. These data demonstrate that glucocorticoid and aspirin are potent regulators of IL-6 synthesis in the hepatoma cell. These components may decrease acute phase protein production via the suppression of IL-6 production in the liver during inflammation.
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188
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Walker-Simmons M, Jin D, West CA, Hadwiger L, Ryan CA. Comparison of proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities and phytoalexin elicitor activities of a pure fungal endopolygalacturonase, pectic fragments, and chitosans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1984; 76:833-6. [PMID: 16663934 PMCID: PMC1064383 DOI: 10.1104/pp.76.3.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhizopus stolonifer endopolygalacturonase, an elicitor of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings, was found to be a potent elicitor of the phytoalexin pisatin in pea pods and of proteinase Inhibitor I in tomato leaves. The enzyme was an active elicitor or inducer only in its active native state; heat-denatured enzyme was inactive in all three systems. The activities of (a) the tomato pectic polysaccharide proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor, (b) a partially acid hydrolyzed proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor, (c) citrus pectic fragments, and (d) chitosan, were also compared in the three bioassay systems. The four oligosaccharide preparations were active in all three systems, but with different degrees of potency. In tomato leaves and pea pods, chitosans were most active, whereas in castor beans, the citrus pectic fragments were the best elicitors. The data presented support the hypothesis that plant and fungal cell wall fragments are important signals in mobilizing a wide variety of biochemically different types of plant defense responses, and that endopolygalacturonases play a key role in releasing the plant cell wall fragments during pest attacks.
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189
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Moore WV, Jin D. Polymeric and monomeric human growth hormone binding to rat liver plasma membranes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978; 46:374-80. [PMID: 221516 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-46-3-374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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190
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Rizk G, Moore R, Jin D. A graphic means of estimating the perfusion rate rapidly from xenon washout curves. Radiology 1973; 106:701-2. [PMID: 4684817 DOI: 10.1148/106.3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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