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McKnight AJ, Shaw A, Goldsmith CE, Clarke L, Millar BC, McCaughan J, Elborn JS, Reid A, Moore JE. Comparison of in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from cystic fibrosis patients in Northern Ireland. Br J Biomed Sci 2005; 62:30-2. [PMID: 15816210 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2005.11978067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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177
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Elshibly S, Doherty J, Xu J, McClurg RB, Rooney PJ, Millar BC, Shah H, Morris TCM, Alexander HD, Moore JE. Central line-related bacteraemia due to Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens in a haematology patient. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2005; 74:43-6. [PMID: 16022132 PMCID: PMC2475478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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178
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Moore JE, McIlhatton B, Buchanan J, Gilpin D, Shaw A, Hall V, Murphy PG, Elborn JS. Occurrence of Burkholderia cepacia in the hospital environment. Ir J Med Sci 2005; 171:131-3. [PMID: 15736349 DOI: 10.1007/bf03170498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia from the environment in a regional adult cystic fibrosis (CF) care centre. METHODS Two hundred and eighty-five environmental samples were taken from inpatient and outpatient environments within the CF centre. Following a non-selective enrichment step, broths were plated onto a selective medium and B. cepacia isolates were confirmed by phenotypic tests and also genotypically by species specific 16S rRNA PCR. RESULTS B. cepacia was not detected from commonly shared items of equipment, staff hands, staff uniforms or toilets. In addition, the organism was not detected in toilet bowls, even in the B. cepacia unit. With regard to positive environments for B. cepacia, 4/10 (40%) of the outside surfaces and inner rims of patients' plastic disposable sputum collection containers and 4/17 (23.5%) of air from patients' rooms, following physiotherapy, were positive. CONCLUSIONS All positive samples originated in the B. cepacia segregation area of the inpatient wards and B. cepacia was not detected in the non-cepacia area of the CF centre. Consequently, these two positive sites should therefore be treated as high risk, where organisms may be potentially transmitted from environment to patient. As there is now evidence to suggest differences in the virulence and hence clinical outcome of certain of the genomovars of this organism, this study may be important in highlighting the areas that patients who are B. cepacia positive should avoid, to minimise the risk of transmission and acquisition of this organism within the CF cepacia population. These results indicate that effective infection control procedures are required in patients' rooms following physiotherapy, for prevention of B. cepacia transmission and to avoid the transmission of different genomovar types within CF patients, who are already colonised with this pathogen.
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Rao D, Rao JR, Crothers E, McMullan R, McDowell D, McMahon A, Rooney PJ, Millar BC, Moore JE. Increased erythromycin resistance in clinical Campylobacter in Northern Ireland—an update. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55:395-6. [PMID: 15681584 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkh552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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180
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Sekizuka T, Seki K, Hayakawa T, Moore JE, Murayama O, Matsuda M. Phenotypic characterisation of flagellin and flagella of urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters. Br J Biomed Sci 2005; 61:186-9. [PMID: 15649010 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2004.11732669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, flagellin is purified biochemically from eight urease-positive thermophilic camplylobacters (UPTC) isolated from river water, sea water and mussels, and purified also from two isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli and fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results showed that no flagellin components were detected in the two Japanese UPTC isolates (CF89-12 and CF89-14) and the two UPTC NCTC strains (NCTC12893 and NCTC12894). Flagellin components, each consisting of a single peptide, with a heterogeneous molecular mass of approximately 52-63 kDa were demonstrated in the other four UPTC isolates (NCTC12892, NCTC12895, NCTC12896 and NI15F [from Northern Ireland]) and the two Japanese isolates of C. jejuni (JCM2013 and C. coli 27). The approximate molecular mass of flagellin from the flagellin-positive UPTC isolates was smaller than those of C. jejuni and C. coli. Flagella were not detected by electron microscopy in the four flagellin-negative UPTC isolates but they were detected in the four flagellin-positive UPTC isolates and the two isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli. Thus, significant phenotypic diversity for flagellin, which must be due to genotypic variations, was demonstrated among the UPTC isolates.
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181
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Refael G, Moore JE. Entanglement entropy of random quantum critical points in one dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:260602. [PMID: 15697962 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.260602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
For quantum critical spin chains without disorder, it is known that the entanglement of a segment of N>>1 spins with the remainder is logarithmic in N with a prefactor fixed by the central charge of the associated conformal field theory. We show that for a class of strongly random quantum spin chains, the same logarithmic scaling holds for mean entanglement at criticality and defines a critical entropy equivalent to central charge in the pure case. This effective central charge is obtained for Heisenberg, XX, and quantum Ising chains using an analytic real-space renormalization-group approach believed to be asymptotically exact. For these random chains, the effective universal central charge is characteristic of a universality class and is consistent with a c-theorem.
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Moore JE, Shaw A, Millar BC, Martin SL, Murphy PG, Downey DG, Ennis M, Elborn JS. Reduction in neutrophil elastase concentration by recombinant alphal-antitrypsin (recAAT) does not alter bacterial loading in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients. Br J Biomed Sci 2004; 61:146-7. [PMID: 15462261 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2004.11732661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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183
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Moore JE, Brant MH, Kunkle WE, Hopkins DI. Effects of supplementation on voluntary forage intake, diet digestibility, and animal performance. J Anim Sci 2004; 77 Suppl 2:122-35. [PMID: 15526787 DOI: 10.2527/1999.77suppl_2122x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A data base was constructed to describe and estimate supplementation effects in nonlactating cattle consuming forage ad libitum. The data base included 66 publications on 126 forages (73 harvested and 53 grazed) and a total of 444 comparisons between a control, unsupplemented treatment and a supplemented treatment. Daily gains were reported for 301 comparisons and voluntary intake for 258. Direct measures of forage digestibility were reported for 202 comparisons, and total diet digestibility for 150. Supplements did not increase gain in all cases. Change in ADG due to supplement was not related closely to intake of supplemental TDN. Lowest increases in ADG were with native forages supplemented with molasses alone or with low intakes of molasses containing high levels of NPN. Greatest increases in gain were with improved forages, supplements with > 60% TDN, and supplemental CP intake > .05% of BW. Supplements decreased voluntary forage intake (VFI) when supplemental TDN intake was > .7% of BW, forage TDN:CP ratio was < 7 (adequate N), or VFI when fed alone was > 1.75% of BW. When supplements increased VFI, forage TDN: CP ratio was > 7 (N deficit), and VFI when fed alone was often low. There was little relationship between change in VFI and sources of supplemental CP and TDN. Supplements caused total diet TDN concentration to deviate from expected values by -10 to +5% of OM. When supplemental TDN intake was > .7% of BW, diet TDN concentration was always less than expected. There was little relationship between deviation from expected total diet TDN and type or composition of forages or supplements. Empirical multiple regression equations were developed to estimate effects of supplements on VFI and total diet TDN concentration. The most acceptable intake equation estimated VFI when fed with supplement (r2 = .84) That equation included VFI when fed alone, supplement intake, CP and TDN concentrations in forage and supplement, and classification codes describing forages and supplemental energy. The most acceptable equation for estimating total diet TDN concentration included only the expected total diet TDN concentration (r2 = .87). These equations may be used in nutritional models to account for associative effects.
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Rolland PH, Mekkaoui C, Vidal V, Berry JL, Moore JE, Moreno M, Amabile P, Bartoli JM. Compliance matching stent placement in the carotid artery of the swine promotes optimal blood flow and attenuates restenosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2004; 28:431-8. [PMID: 15350569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2004.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the value of a gradient-compliant stent in an animal model. METHODS Bilateral carotid arteries were stented with nitinol stents having variable-oversizing, variable-stiffness, and with (CMS, 10 animals) and without (SMART, four animals) compliance-matching endings. Angiography, hemodynamic, scanning-electron-microscopic and histological analyses were performed at 3-month. The protocol was completed in 14 among 19 swines. RESULTS Transient (1-month) exaggerated recoil, attributable to stress-induced phasic inhibition of vasorelaxation, developed at CMS endings. At mid-term, all stents were endothelialized; CMS-stents, but not SMART-stents, were incorporated into walls (one-strut-thickness). Restenosis developed outside SMART-stents (cell migration+wall-compensatory enlargement) whereas CMS-stents elicited no or focalized cell-accumulations at endings that bulged vascular walls radially outward. SMART-stents were blood-flow neutral, whereas CMS-stents favored (higher-stiffness, higher-oversizing) or opposed (lower-stiffness, less-oversizing) carotid blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Direct carotid stenting with stents having compliance-matched endings and specific requirements of stiffness and oversizing can optimize blood flow to the brain and restrict local restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
- Carotid Artery, Common/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery, Common/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, Common/surgery
- Compliance
- Endothelium, Vascular/diagnostic imaging
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/diagnostic imaging
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/physiopathology
- Models, Animal
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Pulsatile Flow
- Radiography
- Regional Blood Flow/physiology
- Statistics as Topic
- Stents
- Swine
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/diagnostic imaging
- Tunica Intima/physiopathology
- Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging
- Venous Thrombosis/etiology
- Venous Thrombosis/physiopathology
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185
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Whyte P, McGill K, Cowley D, Madden RH, Moran L, Scates P, Carroll C, O'Leary A, Fanning S, Collins JD, McNamara E, Moore JE, Cormican M. Occurrence of Campylobacter in retail foods in Ireland. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 95:111-8. [PMID: 15282123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 10/31/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A surveillance study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in a range of retail foods purchased in three Irish cities over a 20-month period between March 2001 and October 2002. In total 2391 food samples were analysed during this period. Campylobacter was isolated from 444 raw chicken (49.9%), 33 turkey (37.5%) and 11 duck samples (45.8%). Lower isolation rates of 7/221 (3.2%), 10/197 (5.1%) and 31/262 (11.8%) were observed for raw beef, pork and lamb, respectively. One sample of pork paté from 120 samples analysed (0.8%) was Campylobacter-positive. A total of three shellfish samples (oysters) from 129 raw specimens examined (2.3%) were found to contain Campylobacter. Low prevalences of the organism (0.9%) were also isolated from fresh mushrooms. Of 62 raw bulk tank milk samples analysed, Campylobacter was recovered in a single sample (1.6%). Campylobacter was not detected in any of the comminuted pork puddings, prepared vegetables and salads, retail sandwiches or cheeses made from unpasteurised milk. In total, 543 Campylobacter were isolated from all of the food samples analysed, of which 453 (83.4%) were confirmed as Campylobacter jejuni and the remaining 90 (16.6%) as Campylobacter coli.
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186
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Xu C, Moore JE. Strong-weak coupling self-duality in the two-dimensional quantum phase transition of p + ip superconducting arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:047003. [PMID: 15323786 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.047003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The 2D quantum phase transition that occurs in a square lattice of Josephson-coupled p +/- ip superconductors is an example of how four-body interactions in d = 2 reproduce nonperturbative effects caused by two-body interactions in d = 1. The ordered phase has an unconventional "bond order" of the local T-breaking variable. This problem can be analyzed using an exact self-duality; this duality in classical notation is the 3D generalization of the Kramers-Wannier duality of the 2D Ising model, and there are similar exact dualities in dimensions d > or = 3. We discuss the excitation spectrum and experimental signatures of the ordered and disordered phases, and the relationship between our model and previously studied behavior of 2D boson models with four-boson interactions.
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187
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Courtney JM, Dunbar KEA, McDowell A, Moore JE, Warke TJ, Stevenson M, Elborn JS. Clinical outcome of Burkholderia cepacia complex infection in cystic fibrosis adults. J Cyst Fibros 2004; 3:93-8. [PMID: 15463892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is one of the most important groups of organisms infecting cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of the study was to examine how infection with BCC affects clinical outcome. METHODS Nineteen CF adults infected with BCC and 19 controls infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied over a 4-year period. The best forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and body mass index (BMI) for each year were recorded and annual rate of decline calculated. RESULTS The BCC infected group displayed a significantly greater reduction of FEV(1) and BMI compared to the P. aeruginosa infected group (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively). Sixteen patients infected with a single Burkholderia cenocepacia strain had a significantly greater rate of FEV(1) decline compared to those infected with Burkholderia multivorans (n=3) or P. aeruginosa (p=0.01 and p<0.0001, respectively). The rate of BMI decline was significantly greater in patients infected with B. cenocepacia compared to those with P. aeruginosa (p=0.007), but not significantly different in those with B. multivorans (p=0.29). CONCLUSION BCC infection is associated with an accelerated decline in pulmonary function and BMI. Infection with a single B. cenocepacia strain was associated with a more rapid decline in lung function than those infected with either B. multivorans or P. aeruginosa.
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188
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Matsuda M, Tai K, Moore JE, Millar BC, Murayama O. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the recA gene and discrimination of the three isolates of urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC) isolated from seagulls (Larus spp.) in Northern Ireland. J Basic Microbiol 2004; 44:215-9. [PMID: 15162395 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200310346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequencing after TA cloning of the amplicon of the almost-full length recA gene from three strains of UPTC (A1, A2, and A3) isolated from seagulls in Northern Ireland, the phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of which have been demonstrated to be indistinguishable, clarified nucleotide differences at three nucleotide positions among the three strains. In conclusion, the nucleotide sequences of the recA gene were found to discriminate among the three strains of UPTC, A1, A2, and A3, which are indistinguishable phenotypically and genotypically. Thus, the present study strongly suggests that nucleotide sequence data of the amplicon of a suitable gene or region could aid in discriminating among isolates of the UPTC group, which are indistinguishable phenotypically and genotypically.
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189
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Millar BC, Moore JE. Current trends in the molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004; 23:353-65. [PMID: 15112074 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-004-1132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of molecular methods into biomedical science, particularly nucleic acid amplification techniques including the polymerase chain reaction, has significantly improved the diagnosis of several diseases. Likewise, the adoption of such molecular techniques to aid in the detection and identification of causal organisms in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) has been particularly beneficial in cases of difficult, atypical or culture-negative IE. Several different molecular approaches have been suggested for the diagnosis of IE, including variations in the type of cardiological specimens examined, nucleic acid extraction, gene target and molecular platform, each presenting their own advantages and disadvantages. This review examines the molecular approach to the detection and identification of causal agents of IE and provides details and a discussion of the application of such methods, particularly those implemented over the last 7 years.
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190
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Moore JE, Herath G, Sharma A. Endoscopic visualisation to aid deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. Eye (Lond) 2004; 18:188-91. [PMID: 14762414 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the value of endoscopy during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) by visualising the posterior cornea. This allows the surgeon to determine whether air injection had succeeded in stripping Descemet's membrane and endothelium from the posterior corneal stroma. METHODS Four whole globes for research were obtained from the Florida eye bank with consent. A 2 mm incision was placed at the limbus and the endoscope was introduced through this into the anterior chamber. A 26-gauge needle was introduced into the cornea with the bevel positioned as deep as possible and air injected into the corneal stroma. Air was injected until the whole cornea became opaque and repeated air injections were made even after an opaque cornea was noted. The endoscopic camera was used to visualise the posterior corneal surface during this procedure. RESULTS The view of the posterior corneal surface was clear and introduction of the probe did not interfere with the air dissection. In all four eyes, despite ease of air injection and diffuse corneal air infiltration, no large air bubble dissection of Descemet's membrane from adjacent stroma occurred. Instead multiple blistering of the posterior corneal surface could be seen. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopy provides an effective tool to visualise the posterior corneal surface during DALK, using air dissection. This technique may become a standard adjunctive procedure during DALK.
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191
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Stanley T, Wareing DRA, Murphy PG, Millar BC, Wilson T, Moore JE. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing of clinical campylobacters from outbreak and sporadic sources. Br J Biomed Sci 2004; 61:26-31. [PMID: 15058740 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2004.11732642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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192
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Devine M, Moore JE, Xu J, Millar BC, Dunbar K, Stanley T, Murphy PG, Redmond AOB, Elborn JS. Detection of mycobacterial DNA from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. Ir J Med Sci 2004; 173:96-8. [PMID: 15540712 DOI: 10.1007/bf02914566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at high risk from atypical mycobacterial infections. There have been few attempts to delineate the intensity of mycobacterial infection in CF patients in Ireland. AIMS To examine the incidence of mycobacterial DNA in an archived collection of genomic DNA extracted from the sputa of CF patients within the Northern Ireland population. METHODS One hundred and eighty-two CF patients (66 adults and 116 children) were examined for the presence of mycobacterial DNA in their sputum by a genus specific PCR assay based on 16S rRNA, followed by direct automated sequencing of the PCR amplicons. RESULTS One of 116 (0.9%) children and 2 of 66 adults were positive. Sequence identity revealed Mycobacterium xenopi in the paediatric patient and M. xenopi and M. chelonei in the two adult patients. False-positive results occurred in 11 patients (four adults), mainly due to Corynebacterium spp. CONCLUSIONS There was a low prevalence of Mycobacterium spp in the CF patient population. All PCR positive results should be confirmed by direct automated sequencing and an alternative specific assay employed. Enhanced molecular screening will contribute in understanding their role as opportunistic pathogens in patients with worsening lung function.
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193
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Moore JE. Always blow your own trumpet! Potential cross-infection hazards through salivary and respiratory secretions in the sharing of brass and woodwind musical instruments during music therapy sessions. J Hosp Infect 2004; 56:245. [PMID: 15003676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Somers CJ, Millar BC, Xu J, Moore DP, Moran AM, Maloney C, Keogh B, Murphy PG, Moore JE. Haemophilus segnis: a rare cause of endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 9:1048-50. [PMID: 14616751 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00703.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This report presents a case of endocarditis due to Haemophilus segnis, which represents a speciation difficulty for the routine laboratory. In this study, a molecular approach provided speciation, which was confirmed phenotypically by a reference laboratory. The use of molecular genotypic analysis is an additional strategy in the investigation of endocarditis. It has applications not only in isolate identification but also in primary detection of infection, particularly in patients whose blood is culture negative by conventional methodologies.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/blood
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy
- Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Haemophilus/genetics
- Haemophilus/isolation & purification
- Haemophilus Infections/blood
- Haemophilus Infections/drug therapy
- Haemophilus Infections/microbiology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Xu J, Crowe M, Millar BC, Moore JE. Non-culturable Haemophilus influenzae meningitis identified by 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing. Ir J Med Sci 2004; 173:57, 59. [PMID: 15732241 DOI: 10.1007/bf02914529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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196
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Watabe M, Rao JR, Xu J, Millar BC, Ward RF, Moore JE. Identification of novel eubacteria from spent mushroom compost (SMC) waste by DNA sequence typing: ecological considerations of disposal on agricultural land. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2004; 24:81-86. [PMID: 14672727 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2003.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A small study was undertaken to examine the microbiological characteristics of spent mushroom compost (SMC), which is the major waste by-product of the mushroom industry and which is regularly disposed off by application to agricultural land. The primary aim of this study was to examine SMC for the presence of faecal bacterial pathogens, including Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Secondly it was desirable to quantify bacterial and fungal populations within SMC, and also qualitatively identify the diversity of bacterial populations within SMC, through employment of rDNA PCR and direct sequencing techniques on the culturable microflora. Conventional microbiological analyses of SMC material (n=30) from six commercial operations in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, failed to detect Salmonella spp, Listeria spp. or Campylobacter spp. in any of the SMC material examined. Total aerobic plate counts gave a mean count of log10 7.01 colony forming units (cfu) per gram SMC material (range: log10 6.53-7.52 cfu/g). Fungal counts gave a mean count of log(10) 4.57 cfu per gram SMC material (range: log10 3.93-4.98 cfu/g). From a total of greater than 50 colony picks, a total of 12 bacterial morphotypes were identified and were further examined by employment of partial 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing techniques, yielding several genera and species, including Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella/Enterobacter sp. Microbacterium sp. Paenibacillus lentimorbus, Pseudomonas mevalonii, Sphingobacterium multivorum and Stenotrophomonas sp. This is the first preliminary report on the microbial diversity of SMC waste and demonstrates the presence of several species that have not been previously described in SMC, in addition to two potentially novel species within the genera Microbacterium and Stenotrophomonas. It is thereby important to examine the ecological microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions that are occurring between the native bacterial soil flora and those added annually (theoretically estimated at approximately 10(18) cells) through the application of SMC. Such studies would be beneficial in helping to ascertain the ecological consequences involved in the disposal of SMC waste on agricultural land.
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Haga S, Hirano Y, Murayama O, Millar BC, Moore JE, Matsuda M. Structural analysis and genetic variation of the 16S-23S rDNA internal spacer region from Micrococcus luteus strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003; 37:314-7. [PMID: 12969495 DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To clone and sequence the 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal spacer region (ISR) from Micrococcus luteus. METHODS AND RESULTS The primer pair for 16S-23S rDNA ISR amplified a fragment of about 850 bp in length for two strains, JCM3347 and JCM3348 and a fragment of about 790 bp for a strain, ATCC9341. After sequencing the ISRs were identified by the comparison of the ISRs and the flanking regions of ISR. CONCLUSIONS Although the sequence difference of the ISR occurred at only one position between the two JCM strains, the highly variable length (440 and 370 bp) and sequence similarity (about 40%) were demonstrated between the ISRs of the two JCM strains and a ATCC strain. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A CCTCCT sequence was first detected at the 3'-end of the 16S rDNA of the three strains. Moreover, highly similar sequence to the 21-bp region containing a putative rRNA processing site was observed in the ISR of the three strains. Interestingly, no intercistronic tRNAs were demonstrated in the ISRs from the three strains.
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198
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Watson PJ, Jiru X, Watabe M, Moore JE. Purulent rhinitis and otitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sheep showered with contaminated 'shower wash'. Vet Rec 2003; 153:704-7. [PMID: 14690073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Three crossbred lowland ewes developed a severe purulent rhinitis and another three ewes developed a severe purulent otitis externa/media after being showered with a wash that had been used 24 to 48 hours before on a separate group of Cheviot ewes with lesions of dermatitis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in pure growth from the aural and nasal abscesses and also from the dermatitis lesions. Extended antibiotic susceptibility testing and the random amplification of polymorphic DNA indicated that a single clonal type was associated with the rhinitis and otitis and with the dermatitis, providing strong evidence of an epidemiological link between the lesions of dermatitis and the aural and nasal abscesses through the use of the contaminated 'shower wash'.
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199
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Millar BC, McCarron M, Murphy PG, Moore JE. Novel employment of lactate dehydrogenase release from porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) as a quantitative marker of cytotoxic activity in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from human faecal isolates, poultry and environmental sources. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. B, INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH 2003; 50:275-9. [PMID: 14628998 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2003.00683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to employ a novel cytotoxicity assay based on primary porcine aortic endothelial cells in combination with a lactate dehydrogenase release assay to quantitatively determine differences in cytotoxin production between Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (UPTC), isolated from human faeces, animals and environmental sources. Campylobacter isolates totalling 34 and comprising of C. jejuni (n = 24) C. coli (n = 5) and UPTC (n = 4) and C. lari (n = 1) were analysed. The cytotoxic response ranged from 32.15 to 64.47% and 33.08 to 59.41%, for C. jejuni from chicken and human isolates, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in cytotoxic response between C. jejuni isolated from humans and chicken isolates (50.78% versus 50.55% cytotoxicity, respectively). However, there was a difference in response between C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chickens (50.78% versus 33.22% cytotoxicity, respectively). The greatest cytotoxic response was obtained with the UPTC group of organisms examined (n = 4 isolates) (mean cytotoxic response = 57.11% cytotoxicity. Employment of this cytotoxin assay may help identify virulent strains in poultry that could potentially proceed to cause clinical problems for humans and thus intervention measures targeted at the reduction or elimination of such specific strains, may be sought.
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McMullan R, Xu J, Stanley T, Moore JE, Millar BC, Wylie M, Goldsmith C, Shepherd R. Mycobacterium celatum pulmonary infection. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2003; 72:114-6. [PMID: 14696823 PMCID: PMC2475429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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