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Oh J, Ji SC, Lee H, Yu KS, Jang IJ. Response to "Induction of both P-glycoprotein and specific cytochrome P450 by aspirin eventually does not alter the antithrombotic effect of clopidogrel". Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:325. [PMID: 25669937 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lee C, Oh J, Hristov A, Harvatine K, Vazquez-Anon M, Zanton G. Effect of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid on ruminal fermentation, bacterial distribution, digestibility, and performance of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:1234-47. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Park SJ, Oh J, Kim YK, Park JH, Park JY, Hong HK, Park KH, Lee JE, Kim HM, Chung JY, Woo SJ. Intraocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor-Trap in a rabbit model. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:561-8. [PMID: 25592118 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine intraocular pharmacokinetic properties of intravitreally injected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Trap in a rabbit model. METHODS VEGF-Trap was intravitreally injected in 18 rabbit eyes. Eyes were enucleated 1 h and 1, 2, 5, 14, and 30 days after injections and immediately frozen at -80 °C. Concentration of VEGF-Trap in vitreous, aqueous humor, and retina/choroid was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed to obtain pharmacokinetic properties. RESULTS Maximum concentration of VEGF-Trap was achieved at 1 h in all three tissues. A one-compartment model of distribution was selected as the final model for all tissues studied. Estimated half-life of VEGF-Trap in vitreous, aqueous humor, and retinal/choroid was 87.1, 36.8, and 35.0 h, respectively, and estimated mean residence time was 125.7, 53.1, and 50.5 h, respectively. Area under the curve from time 0 to the end point was 10009.8, 3945.1, and 1189.3, respectively. Total exposure of the aqueous humor and retina/choroid to VEGF-Trap was 39.4% and 11.9% of vitreous exposure, respectively. CONCLUSION The vitreous half-life of VEGF-Trap is 3.63 days. This is shorter than that of bevacizumab (6.99 days) and longer than that of ranibizumab (2.51 days), as shown in studies using the same experimental settings. The concentration of VEGF-Trap peaked at 1 h after injections in all eye tissues studied.
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Ciampi Q, Bombardini T, Cortigiani L, Pratali L, Rigo F, Villari B, Picano E, Sicari R, Teramoto K, Suzuki K, Satoh Y, Minami K, Mizukoshi K, Kamijima R, Kou S, Takai M, Izumo M, Akashi Y, Cifra B, Dragulescu A, Friedberg M, Mertens L, O'driscoll J, Gargallo-Fernandez P, Araco M, Perez-Lopez M, Sharma R, Abram S, Arruda-Olson M, Scott G, Pellikka A, Nkomo T, Oh J, Milan A, Mccully B, Aguiar Rosa S, Portugal G, Moura Branco L, Galrinho A, Afonso Nogueira M, Abreu J, Cacela D, Abreu A, Fragata J, Cruz Ferreira R, Mielczarek A, Kasprzak J, Chrzanowski L, Plewka M, Lipiec P, Qawoq D, Rechcinski T, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Magne J, Donal E, Dulgheru R, Pierard L, Lancellotti P. Oral Abstract session: Stress echo in clinical practice: Friday 5 December 2014, 08:30-10:00 * Location: Agora. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Magne J, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Marc Dweck M, Jenkins W, Shah A, Vesey A, Pringle M, Chin C, Pawade T, Boon N, Rudd J, Newby D, Boulogne C, Mohty D, Magne J, Varroud-Vial N, Ettaif H, Lavergne D, Damy T, Aboyans V, Bridoux F, Jaccard A, Abram S, Arruda-Olson M, Scott G, Pellikka A, Nkomo T, Oh J, Milan A, Mccully B. Roelandt's Young Investigator Award session: Thursday 4 December 2014, 15:30-16:30 * Location: Agora. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lim H, Kim D, Kim T, Kim S, Baek J, Chang H, Park J, Oh J. Is Elective Inguinal Radiation Therapy Necessary for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Involving Anal Canal? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ohta T, Oh J, Mittelbronn M, Paulus W, Ohgaki H. P07.04 * PROMOTER METHYLATION OF THE LATS1 AND LATS2 GENES IN SCHWANNOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Thor M, Olsson C, Oh J, Petersen S, Alsadius D, Høyer M, Pettersson N, Bentzen L, Deasy J, Muren L, Steineck G. Identifying Groups of Patient-Reported Gastro-Intestinal Symptoms Using Factor Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim S, Lee S, Oh J. P13.16 * COMPLICATIONS AFTER GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR BRAIN TUMORS LOCATING ADJACENT THE BRAINSTEM. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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185
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Chung HW, Yun CM, Kim JT, Kim SW, Oh J, Huh K. Retinal sensitivity assessed by microperimetry and corresponding retinal structure and thickness in resolved central serous chorioretinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1223-30. [PMID: 25081286 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed by microperimetry (MP) and retinal structural changes in patients with resolved central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination and MP tests were performed in patients with resolved CSC. Point-to-point correlation was performed between RS and corresponding retinal structural changes using Pearson's correlation analysis. In addition, in a 1-mm zone in the central fovea, a correlation was calculated between the mean RS and the mean central retinal thickness (CRT). RESULTS Eighty-four eyes were analyzed. The total number of MP test points was 1092 (84 eyes × 13 points). The mean RS and retinal point thickness (RPT) of all test points were 13.53±3.84 dB and 208.6±48.0 μm, respectively. The RS and RPT were significantly decreased in the test points with loss of the ellipsoid portion of the inner segments (EPIS) (P<0.0001). Within the 1-mm foveal center zone, there was a significant correlation between mean RS and mean CRT (r=0.432, P<0.0001) and between RS and the corresponding RPT (r=0.339, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION RS was dependent on the status of the EPIS in patients with resolved CSC. The correlation between mean RS and mean CRT was compatible with the point-to-point correlation between RS and the corresponding RPT.
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Oh J, Apte A, Folkerts M, Kohutek Z, Wu A, Rimmer A, Lee N, Deasy J. WE-E-17A-03: FDG-PET-Based Radiomics to Predict Local Control and Survival Following Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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187
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Kim Y, Lee EJ, Hong S, Koo B, Seo W, Oh J, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. AB0500 B-Cell Depleting Therapy for SLE Related Refractory Thrombocytopenia. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hong S, Lee EJ, Kim Y, Koo B, Chang EJ, Lee EJ, Seo W, Oh J, Kim TH, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. OP0111 Mechanism of New Bone Formation in Ankylosing Spondylitis: the Role of IL-32 in Osteoblast Differentiation. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gay H, Oh J, Apte A, Dyk P, Mullen D, Eschen L, Fergus S, Chin R, Thorstad W, Deasy J. WE-E-BRE-09: Investigation of the Association Between Radiation-Induced Pain and Radiation Dose in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Kim Y, Lee EJ, Hong S, Koo B, Seo W, Oh J, Kim YG, Lee CK, Yoo B. AB0154 Pathogenic Role of Irhom2 in Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Oh J, Deasy J. WE-D-BRE-05: Prediction of Late Radiation-Induced Proctitis in Prostate Cancer Patients Using Chromosome Aberration and Cell Proliferation Rate. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chamney P, Moissl U, Wabel P, Amato C, Stuard S, Menzer M, Vollmeier C, Williams G, Shrivastava R, Chess J, Catling E, Brown C, Baker E, Ashcroft R, Mikhail A, Djukanovic L, Djuric Z, Knezevic V, Lazarevic T, Ljubenovic S, Markovic R, Rabrenovic V, Marinkovic J, Dimkovic N, Lebourg L, Ridel C, De Preneuf H, Le Roy F, Petitclerc T, Wester M, Simonis F, Kooman JP, Boer WH, Gerritsen KGF, Joles JA, Yamamoto KI, Eguchi K, Hirakawa S, Murakami J, Akiba T, Mineshima M, Stamopoulos D, Mpakirtzi N, Lavranos A, Panagiotou M, Barbarousi D, Matsouka C, Grapsa E, Abbas SR, Zhu F, Kaysen GA, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Vasilevsky A, Konoplev G, Stepanova O, Rubinsky A, Zemchenkov A, Gerasimchuk R, Frorip A, Abe T, Yamamoto KI, Ishimori I, Eguchi K, Murakami J, Mineshima M, Akiba T, Kusztal M, Go Biowski, T, Letachowicz K, Koni Ski P, Witkowski G, Pozna Ski P, Weyde W, Klinger M, Ito M, Ito S, Suzuki M, Masakane I, Navarro D, Goncalves C, Ferreira AC, Jorge C, Gil C, Aires I, Matias P, Mendes M, Azevedo A, Gomes F, Ferreira A, Perazzini C, Scutiero L, Brighenti L, Surace A, Steckiph D, Rovatti P, Severi S, Soltysiak J, Warzywoda A, Musielak A, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Zachwieja J, Goeksel T, Garnier H, Ritzerfeld M, Mann H, Babinet F, Allard B, Todorova V, Hamont C, Begri R, Dekker M, Taks M, Konings C, Scharnhorst V, Borawski J, Gozdzikiewicz-Lapinska J, Naumnik B, Lodi CA, Surace A, Grandi E, Rovatti P, Mancini E, Santoro A, Sereni L, Caiazzo M, Corazza L, Atti M, Palladino G, Sakurai K, Saito T, Hosoya H, Yamauchi F, Kurihara T, Tanibayashi Y, Ikebe N, Antonic M, Gubensek J, Drozg A, Vannier E, Mattio E, Todorova V, Ragon A, Brunet P, Klimm W, Pleskacz K, Pietrzak B, Niemczyk S, Leypoldt JK, Bernardo A, Muller M, Marbury TC, Culleton BF, Zeraati AA, Hekmat R, Reyhani HR, Sharifipoor F, Bolasco P, Sitzia I, Monni A, Mereu MC, Pinna AM, Logias F, Ghisu T, Passaghe M, Gazzanelli L, Ganadu M, Piras A, Cossu M, Contu B, Palleschi S, Rossi B, Atti M, Caiazzo M, Sereni L, Palladino G, Ghezzi PM, Kron S, Schneditz D, Leimbach T, Aign S, Kron J, Seker Kockara A, Kayatas M, Huzmeli C, Candan F, Yilmaz MB, Ahmed BA, Bejosano CN, Samra Abouchacra SA, Al Falahi SZ, Abdul Moniem KM, Dastoor H, Kim S, Oh J, Sin Y, Kim J, Lee J. HAEMODIALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND ADEQUACY 2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Martins MJ, Fischmeister FP, Puig-Waldmüller E, Oh J, Geissler A, Robinson S, Fitch WT, Beisteiner R. Fractal image perception provides novel insights into hierarchical cognition. Neuroimage 2014; 96:300-8. [PMID: 24699014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical structures play a central role in many aspects of human cognition, prominently including both language and music. In this study we addressed hierarchy in the visual domain, using a novel paradigm based on fractal images. Fractals are self-similar patterns generated by repeating the same simple rule at multiple hierarchical levels. Our hypothesis was that the brain uses different resources for processing hierarchies depending on whether it applies a "fractal" or a "non-fractal" cognitive strategy. We analyzed the neural circuits activated by these complex hierarchical patterns in an event-related fMRI study of 40 healthy subjects. Brain activation was compared across three different tasks: a similarity task, and two hierarchical tasks in which subjects were asked to recognize the repetition of a rule operating transformations either within an existing hierarchical level, or generating new hierarchical levels. Similar hierarchical images were generated by both rules and target images were identical. We found that when processing visual hierarchies, engagement in both hierarchical tasks activated the visual dorsal stream (occipito-parietal cortex, intraparietal sulcus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). In addition, the level-generating task specifically activated circuits related to the integration of spatial and categorical information, and with the integration of items in contexts (posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and medial, ventral and anterior regions of temporal cortex). These findings provide interesting new clues about the cognitive mechanisms involved in the generation of new hierarchical levels as required for fractals.
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Oh J, Shin D, Lim KS, Lee S, Jung KH, Chu K, Hong KS, Shin KH, Cho JY, Yoon SH, Ji SC, Yu KS, Lee H, Jang IJ. Aspirin decreases systemic exposure to clopidogrel through modulation of P-glycoprotein but does not alter its antithrombotic activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 95:608-16. [PMID: 24566733 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decreased oral clopidogrel absorption caused by induction of intestinal permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) expression after aspirin administration was observed in rats. This study evaluated the effect of aspirin coadministration on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel in humans. A single 75-mg dose of clopidogrel was orally administered before and after 2 and 4 weeks of once-daily 100-mg aspirin administration in 18 healthy volunteers who were recruited based on CYP2C19 and PON1 genotypes. Plasma concentrations of clopidogrel and its active metabolite, H4, and relative platelet inhibition (RPI) were determined. The P-gp microRNA miR-27a increased by up to 7.67-fold (P = 0.004) and the clopidogrel area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) decreased by 14% (P > 0.05), but the AUC of H4 remained unchanged and RPI increased by up to 15% (P = 0.002) after aspirin administration. These findings indicate low-dose aspirin coadministration may decrease clopidogrel bioavailability but does not decrease its efficacy.
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Haines CS, Lima MD, Li N, Spinks GM, Foroughi J, Madden JDW, Kim SH, Fang S, Jung de Andrade M, Goktepe F, Goktepe O, Mirvakili SM, Naficy S, Lepro X, Oh J, Kozlov ME, Kim SJ, Xu X, Swedlove BJ, Wallace GG, Baughman RH. Artificial Muscles from Fishing Line and Sewing Thread. Science 2014; 343:868-72. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1246906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Lee JA, Kim SY, Kim Y, Oh J, Kim HJ, Jo DY, Kwon TG, Park JH. Comparison of Health-related Quality of Life Between Cancer Survivors Treated in Designated Cancer Centers and the General Public in Korea. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 44:141-52. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hristov AN, Oh J, Firkins JL, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Waghorn G, Makkar HPS, Adesogan AT, Yang W, Lee C, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Tricarico JM. Special topics--Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: I. A review of enteric methane mitigation options. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5045-5069. [PMID: 24045497 DOI: 10.2527/jas2013-6583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review was to analyze published data related to mitigation of enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminant animals to document the most effective and sustainable strategies. Increasing forage digestibility and digestible forage intake was one of the major recommended CH4 mitigation practices. Although responses vary, CH4 emissions can be reduced when corn silage replaces grass silage in the diet. Feeding legume silages could also lower CH4 emissions compared to grass silage due to their lower fiber concentration. Dietary lipids can be effective in reducing CH4 emissions, but their applicability will depend on effects on feed intake, fiber digestibility, production, and milk composition. Inclusion of concentrate feeds in the diet of ruminants will likely decrease CH4 emission intensity (Ei; CH4 per unit animal product), particularly when inclusion is above 40% of dietary dry matter and rumen function is not impaired. Supplementation of diets containing medium to poor quality forages with small amounts of concentrate feed will typically decrease CH4 Ei. Nitrates show promise as CH4 mitigation agents, but more studies are needed to fully understand their impact on whole-farm greenhouse gas emissions, animal productivity, and animal health. Through their effect on feed efficiency and rumen stoichiometry, ionophores are likely to have a moderate CH4 mitigating effect in ruminants fed high-grain or mixed grain-forage diets. Tannins may also reduce CH4 emissions although in some situations intake and milk production may be compromised. Some direct-fed microbials, such as yeast-based products, might have a moderate CH4-mitigating effect through increasing animal productivity and feed efficiency, but the effect is likely to be inconsistent. Vaccines against rumen archaea may offer mitigation opportunities in the future although the extent of CH4 reduction is likely to be small and adaptation by ruminal microbes and persistence of the effect is unknown. Overall, improving forage quality and the overall efficiency of dietary nutrient use is an effective way of decreasing CH4 Ei. Several feed supplements have a potential to reduce CH4 emission from ruminants although their long-term effect has not been well established and some are toxic or may not be economically feasible.
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Montes F, Meinen R, Dell C, Rotz A, Hristov AN, Oh J, Waghorn G, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Makkar HPS, Dijkstra J. SPECIAL TOPICS — Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: II. A review of manure management mitigation options1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5070-94. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hristov AN, Ott T, Tricarico J, Rotz A, Waghorn G, Adesogan A, Dijkstra J, Montes F, Oh J, Kebreab E, Oosting SJ, Gerber PJ, Henderson B, Makkar HPS, Firkins JL. SPECIAL TOPICS — Mitigation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from animal operations: III. A review of animal management mitigation options1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5095-113. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Oh J, Hristov AN, Lee C, Cassidy T, Heyler K, Varga GA, Pate J, Walusimbi S, Brzezicka E, Toyokawa K, Werner J, Donkin SS, Elias R, Dowd S, Bravo D. Immune and production responses of dairy cows to postruminal supplementation with phytonutrients. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7830-43. [PMID: 24140326 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of phytonutrients (PN) supplied postruminally on nutrient utilization, gut microbial ecology, immune response, and productivity of lactating dairy cows. Eight ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square. Experimental periods lasted 23 d, including 14-d washout and 9-d treatment periods. Treatments were control (no PN) and daily doses of 2g/cow of either curcuma oleoresin (curcumin), garlic extract (garlic), or capsicum oleoresin (capsicum). Phytonutrients were pulse-dosed into the abomasum of the cows, through the rumen cannula, 2 h after feeding during the last 9 d of each experimental period. Dry matter intake was not affected by PN, although it tended to be lower for the garlic treatment compared with the control. Milk yield was decreased (2.2 kg/d) by capsicum treatment compared with the control. Feed efficiency, milk composition, milk fat and protein yields, milk N efficiency, and 4.0% fat-corrected milk yield were not affected by treatment. Rumen fermentation variables, apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients, N excretion with feces and urine, and diversity of fecal bacteria were also not affected by treatment. Phytonutrients had no effect on blood chemistry, but the relative proportion of lymphocytes was increased by the capsicum treatment compared with the control. All PN increased the proportion of total CD4(+) cells and total CD4(+) cells that co-expressed the activation status signal and CD25 in blood. The percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that proliferated in response to concanavalin A and viability of PBMC were not affected by treatment. Cytokine production by PBMC was not different between control and PN. Expression of mRNA in liver for key enzymes in gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and response to reactive oxygen species were not affected by treatment. No difference was observed due to treatment in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity of blood plasma but, compared with the control, garlic treatment increased 8-isoprostane levels. Overall, the PN used in this study had subtle or no effects on blood cells and blood chemistry, nutrient digestibility, and fecal bacterial diversity, but appeared to have an immune-stimulatory effect by activating and inducing the expansion of CD4 cells in dairy cows. Capsicum treatment decreased milk yield, but this and other effects observed in this study should be interpreted with caution because of the short duration of treatment.
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