176
|
Lin WC, Lo KY, Chang HK. Single-incision nephroureterectomy combined with transurethral incision of bladder cuff for renal pelvic tumor. J Formos Med Assoc 1991; 90:840-3. [PMID: 1683383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the extended use of transurethral endoscopic surgery, we modified the conventional nephroureterectomy that usually requires either a very long incision or two separate shorter incisions. From August 1983 to October 1988, 13 cases of renal pelvic tumor in this hospital were treated single-incision nephroureterectomy combined with transurethral incision of the bladder cuff. The advantages of this technique were less surgical time and a decrease in postoperative wound pain. There were no significant complications or local recurrence noted in this series. The proposed indications were urothelial tumors in the renal pelvis and upper ureter without demonstrable metastases. Tumors of an uncertain cell type preoperatively are especially indicated. The details of this technique are described.
Collapse
|
177
|
Rossman TG, Molina M, Meyer L, Boone P, Klein CB, Wang Z, Li F, Lin WC, Kinney PL. Performance of 133 compounds in the lambda prophage induction endpoint of the Microscreen assay and a comparison with S. typhimurium mutagenicity and rodent carcinogenicity assays. Mutat Res 1991; 260:349-67. [PMID: 1831244 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90021-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Microscreen assay was developed as a means of testing very small samples, as in complex mixture fractionation. It is a multi-endpoint assay which utilizes E. coli WP2s(lambda). Exposure takes place to serial dilutions of the test compound in microtitre wells (250 microliters) followed by sampling from wells in which growth has occurred ('non-toxic wells'). Although a number of different endpoints can be measured, only the prophage induction endpoint (the first one developed) has been extensively tested. Results with 133 compounds are presented. These include 111 compounds which have been tested in the S. typhimurium assay and 66 compounds for which both rodent bioassay and S. typhimurium assay data exists. The concordance for the Microscreen assay and the S. typhimurium assay was 71%. For this group of compounds, the sensitivity of the Microscreen assay in detecting carcinogens was 76% compared with 58% for the S. typhimurium assay. However, the S. typhimurium assay was somewhat more specific (69%) compared with the Microscreen (56%). The overall association between carcinogenicity and Microscreen results was statistically significant (p = 0.029), whereas for the S. typhimurium assay the association with carcinogenicity was non-significant (p = 0.086). The Microscreen assay was able to detect halogenated compounds better than the S. typhimurium assay. The Microscreen assay should prove useful in complex mixture fractionation, or in other situations where sample size is limiting.
Collapse
|
178
|
Chen SY, Lin WC, Chen CT. Automated surface interpolation technique for 3-D object reconstruction from serial cross sections. Comput Med Imaging Graph 1991; 15:265-76. [PMID: 1913578 DOI: 10.1016/0895-6111(91)90085-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A method for automatically reconstructing a three-dimensional object from serial cross-sections is presented in this paper. The method combines the techniques of dynamic elastic contour interpolation, spline theory, and quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation. In the proposed method, the initial description of the object is formed by applying the elastic interpolation algorithm to generate a series of intermediate contours between each pair of consecutive cross-sections. After this, a preliminary processing for surface computation is carried out by mapping the contours into the domain of surface function and then using spline functions to calculate the initial surface values. Based on the output from the preliminary processing, we apply the quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation algorithm to calculate the final surface representation. Since our method takes the continuity of high order derivatives into consideration, the smooth and complete surface of a 3-D object can thus be reconstructed.
Collapse
|
179
|
Lin WC, Watanabe K, Yano S. Dual effects of baclofen on gastric acid secretion depending on the basal secretory activity in conscious and anesthetized rats. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1991; 72:375-8. [PMID: 1947440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effects of baclofen, a GABAB agonist, on gastric acid secretion were studied from a viewpoint that baclofen may stimulate or inhibit gastric acid secretion depending on the basal secretory activity in conscious or anesthetized rats. In conscious pylorus-ligated rats, baclofen (2-16 mg/kg, s.c.) depressed acid secretion, while in urethane-anesthetized pylorus-ligated rats, baclofen (4-16 mg/kg, s.c.) stimulated acid secretion. Basal acid secretion was much higher in the conscious rats than in the urethane-anesthetized rats. When gastric secretion was measured by the stomach-perfusion method, baclofen (s.c.) significantly increased acid at 2-4 mg/kg in urethane-anesthetized rats but decreased acid at 0.5-2 mg/kg in pentobarbital- and alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Basal acid secretion was markedly higher in the latter rats than in the former. Moreover, baclofen did not affect acid secretion elicited by peripheral vagal stimulation in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. These results suggest that acid secretion is centrally stimulated by baclofen in rats with low basal secretory activity, and vice versa, and moreover, these dual effects are closely associated with tone of the central vagal center.
Collapse
|
180
|
Chuang LM, Tai TY, Lin WC, Lee SC, Lin BJ. Lack of binding effect of insulin on RNA synthesis to isolated nuclei. J Formos Med Assoc 1991; 90:117-21. [PMID: 1678402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates RNA synthesis in the human hepatoma cell line J5. The mechanisms of insulin action on nuclear functions are not fully understood. To assess the possible action of nuclear insulin binding on RNA synthesis, we studied the insulin action by an in vitro transcription system using the nuclei isolated from control cells and insulin-stimulated J5 cells. Insulin binding was done by ligand binding assay. RNA synthesis was also studied in the nuclei treated with insulin in vitro. We found that a large pool of low-affinity binding sites existed in the isolated nuclei preparation without site-to-site interactions. These data suggest that the majority of nuclear insulin binding sites are located inside the nuclear envelope. Nuclear RNA synthesis was stimulated by the insulin (about a 4-fold increase when compared to the control) added to intact cells but not to isolated nuclei. We conclude that insulin stimulates nuclear RNA synthesis via interaction with plasma membrane receptors.
Collapse
|
181
|
Feng J, Lin WC, Chen CT. Epicardial boundary detection using fuzzy reasoning. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 1991; 10:187-199. [PMID: 18222816 DOI: 10.1109/42.79477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated system for detecting the endocardial and epicardial boundaries in a two-dimensional echocardiography by using fuzzy reasoning techniques is proposed. The image is first enhanced by applying the Laplacian-of-Gaussian edge detector. Second, the center of the left ventricle is determined automatically by analyzing the original image. Next, a search process radiated from the estimated center is performed to locate the endocardial boundary by using the zero-crossing points. After this step, the estimation of the range of radius of a possible epicardial boundary is carried out by comparing the high-level knowledge of intensity changes along all directions with the actual image intensity changes. The high-level knowledge of global intensity change in the image is acquired from experts in advance, and is represented in the form of fuzzy linguistic descriptions and relations. Knowledge of local intensity change can therefore be deduced from the knowledge of global intensity change through fuzzy reasoning.
Collapse
|
182
|
Schmidt JT, Schmidt R, Lin WC, Jian XY, Stuermer CA. Ependymin as a substrate for outgrowth of axons from cultured explants of goldfish retina. JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY 1991; 22:40-54. [PMID: 2010749 DOI: 10.1002/neu.480220105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ependymin, a prominent protein of the brain's extracellular fluid (ECF) was previously implicated in the consolidation of memory and in the activity-driven sharpening of the retinotectal projection. Because both these phenomena probably involve the growth and elaboration of appropriate synapses, we have tested whether ependymin can serve as a substrate for the growth of axons from goldfish retinal ganglion cells in a culture assay. Ependymin (Ep), laminin (LAM), polylysine (PL), and Concanavalin A (Con A) were plated on glass coverslips either uniformly or in striped patterns. Ep alone, either soluble or partly polymerized (by dropping calcium concentration and pH), was a good substrate for axonal outgrowth, as good or better than PL and Con A, but not as good as LAM. Neurites grew faster on LAM (71 microns/h) than on Ep (32 microns/h) or on PL (22 microns/h). Fasciculation was low on LAM, intermediate on Ep, and highest on PL. In exclusive side-by-side stripe assays, axons preferred LAM over Ep, but gave weak or no preference for Ep over Con A or PL. With stripes of LAM + Ep alongside pure LAM, the axons preferred the mixture of LAM + Ep. When antibodies to Ep were plated in stripes over continuous Ep substrate, the axons avoided the antibody-blocked stripes and grew on the Ep stripes. Antibodies to Ep did not, however, block growth on laminin substrates, nor did antibodies to LAM block growth on Ep. Dot blots and western blots showed very little cross recognition between the antibodies. Ependymin is a good substrate for neurite outgrowth, which is normally present in ECF, and adhesion to Ep is independent of LAM and possibly additive to it.
Collapse
|
183
|
Lin WC, Pretlow TP, Pretlow TG, Culp LA. Development of micrometastases: earliest events detected with bacterial lacZ gene-tagged tumor cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990; 82:1497-503. [PMID: 2391720 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/82.18.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For the study of micrometastases at their earliest stages, we transfected the lacZ gene, which codes for beta-D-galactosidase in Escherichia coli, into BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by the Ha-ras oncogene (also known as HRAS1) of a human EJ bladder carcinoma. These cells were subsequently injected into 6-week-old, female athymic NCR-NU nude mice by several routes. With chromogenic detection of the product of the lacZ gene (a heterologous gene not observed in animal cells) by use of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, we easily identified tumor cells implanted in the lungs minutes after intravenous injection by the intensely blue staining of the cells harboring the lacZ gene. The number of lung-associated tumor cells remained constant for several hours after intravenous injection but then decreased to a stable level by 24 hours. At most sites of lung invasion, multiple tumor cells, rather than single cells, were identified; this finding suggests that cooperation among multiple cells may be important in the early stages of micrometastasis development. Within several days, a few foci of micrometastases were expanding by proliferation and/or migration of individual tumor cells among host lung cells. These results confirm that the lacZ gene is an ultrasensitive histochemical marker for analyzing both qualitatively and quantitatively the earliest stages of micrometastasis development in the lung and in other organs where micrometastases may ensue.
Collapse
|
184
|
Lin WC, Pretlow TP, Pretlow TG, Culp LA. Bacterial lacZ gene as a highly sensitive marker to detect micrometastasis formation during tumor progression. Cancer Res 1990; 50:2808-17. [PMID: 2183931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During tumor progression, micrometastases at their earliest stages have been difficult to analyze qualitatively or quantitatively because of a lack of suitably sensitive markers to discriminate small numbers of tumor cells from normal tissue cell populations. To overcome this problem, the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene was introduced into human EJ Ha-ras oncogene-transfected BALB/c 3T3 cells with subsequent injection of transfected cells into athymic nude mice. Using a chromogenic substrate (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside), the lacZ-bearing tumor cells at primary tumor sites as well as at secondary organs stain intensely blue and can be easily distinguished from the host tissue cells hours, days, or weeks postinjection. Staining of lacZ-bearing tumor cells is specific and extremely sensitive in detecting micrometastatic foci in lungs and other organs, including brain and kidney for the first time. Stable integration of the lacZ and ras genes into cultured cells and subsequent tumor cells was verified by Southern blot analyses. The lacZ gene appears to be a stable marker during tumor progression in vivo based both on phenotypic (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining) and on genotypic (Southern blot analysis) evidence. Furthermore, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside staining of tumor cells can also be used together with alkaline phosphatase staining relatively specific for endothelial cells to relate the topographies of metastatic cells and host blood vessels in embedded sections. By using the lacZ gene as a sensitive quantitative marker, analyses of micrometastasis development in the lung indicate that the ras oncogene contributes to the metastatic phenotype in this EJ Ha-ras model system, although further genetic and/or phenotypic alterations appear to be necessary for long-term growth and development into overt metastases. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness and sensitivity of the bacterial lacZ gene as a phenotypic marker in tumor progression studies, providing both a qualitative and a quantitative tool in virtually any tumor system for examining micrometastasis formation in target organs and the relationship of tumor cells to host organ microenvironments.
Collapse
|
185
|
Lin LY, Lin WC, Huang PC. Pigeon metallothionein consists of two species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1037:248-55. [PMID: 2407296 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(90)90175-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two isospecies of metallothionein, a cysteine-rich protein that binds metals, exist in all mammals examined, but only one in some invertebrates and lower animals. Lower vertebrates such as fish and birds have one or two metallothionein genes depending upon the organism. In this study, we show by amino acid sequence determinations that two isospecies of metallothionein, 75% homologous to each other, can be induced by zinc to accumulate in pigeon livers. This is in contrast to single isospecies found in chicken and duck. Each of these two sequences consists of 63 amino acids, with all 20 cysteines in positions held invariant in most if not all class I mammalian metallothioneins. One of these two pigeon isometallothioneins is terminated with histidine at the carboxyl end, which is apparently unique to avians. Its sequence differs from that of duck and chicken by only four substitutions and is the predominant isospecies that accumulates upon induction. The other pigeon metallothionein has lysine at its carboxyl terminus and is devoid of arginine. None of these isospecies carries any aromatic amino acid, which is also characteristic of all higher metallothioneins. As this is the first demonstration with sequence data that two isospecies of metallothionein indeed exist in birds, these results suggest that pigeon metallothionein genes evolved from an ancestral form through duplication and mutation upon specification.
Collapse
|
186
|
Chen SY, Lin WC, Liang CC, Chen CT. Improvement on dynamic elastic interpolation technique for reconstructing 3-D objects from serial cross sections [biomedical application]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 1990; 9:71-83. [PMID: 18222752 DOI: 10.1109/42.52984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for automatically reconstructing a three-dimensional object from serial cross sections is presented. The method improves the dynamic elastic contour interpolation technique. There are two major improvements: (1) in the case of branching that involves concave contours, instead of pairwise interpolation between the start contour and each goal contour, the goal image is considered globally and local constraints are imposed on the forces exerting upon the vertices; and (2) it takes the continuity of high-order derivatives into consideration and incorporates the schemes of spline theory, quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation, and finite-element-based multilevel surface interpolation to create smoother surfaces of the reconstructed object. Based on the output from the preliminary processing, two alternatives, a quadratic-variation-based surface interpolation algorithm and a finite-element-based multilevel surface interpolation algorithm, can be adopted to obtain the final surface representation.
Collapse
|
187
|
Lin WC, Yano S, Watanabe K. Inhibitory effect of intravenous GABA antagonists on gastric acid secretion stimulated by secretagogues in rats. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1989; 49:267-74. [PMID: 2733264 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.49.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Effect of intravenous administration of GABA antagonists on gastric acid secretion in perfused stomachs was studied in rats anesthetized with urethane. Bethanechol (BeCh)-stimulated acid secretion was definitely inhibited by bicuculline, a GABA antagonist, and strychnine, a glycine antagonist, but not by picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol, GABA antagonists. The inhibitory effect of bicuculline and strychnine was accompanied by vigorous convulsions. Only the bicuculline-induced inhibition was still seen in d-tubocurarine paralyzed rats, and it was abolished in spinal rats. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)-stimulated acid secretion was apparently depressed by all the GABA antagonists of bicuculline, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol. The inhibitory effect of picrotoxin, but not bicuculline, on the 2-DG stimulation was still elicited in spinal rats. Inhibition of acid secretion stimulated by pentobarbital, a centrally acting secretagogue, was produced by picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol in spinal rats. These findings suggest that bicuculline acts centrally to inhibit acid secretion stimulated both peripherally by BeCh and centrally by 2-DG, besides nonspecific mechanisms due to convulsions, and the action would be directed to centers which are implicated in stimulation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system; picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol also act centrally to inhibit 2-DG- or pentobarbital-stimulated acid secretion through depression of the central vagal tone which leads to inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
Collapse
|
188
|
Yano S, Lin WC, Watanabe K. Effect of pentobarbital on gastric acid secretion elicited by secretagogues or electrical vagal stimulation in rats under urethane anesthesia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOBIO-DYNAMICS 1988; 11:662-8. [PMID: 2906091 DOI: 10.1248/bpb1978.11.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pentobarbital, which stimulates gastric acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats, on secretagogue-stimulated or electrically stimulated acid secretion was studied in the rat perfused stomach. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG)-stimulated gastric acid secretion was markedly depressed by intravenous injection of pentobarbital, but was definitely increased by lateral cerebroventricular injection and was unaffected by injection into the fourth cerebroventricle. Bethanechol-stimulated secretion was augmented by intravenous injection of pentobarbital. In vagotomized rats, pentobarbital did not affect the bethanechol-stimulated or electrically vagally stimulated secretion. These findings indicate that pentobarbital produces both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on gastric acid secretion through a central mechanism, especially in the forebrain. It was proposed that the inhibitory response would result from some interaction of intravenous 2-DG and pentobarbital in the central regulatory system of gastric secretion.
Collapse
|
189
|
Lin WC, Yano S, Watanabe K. Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by microinjection of pentobarbital into the ventromedial hypothalamus. RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS IN CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1988; 60:269-72. [PMID: 3393736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sites of stimulatory action of pentobarbital on gastric acid secretion were studied in rats anesthetized with urethane. Intracerebroventricular injection of pentobarbital dose-dependently stimulated gastric secretion. When injections of pentobarbital into the ventromedial hypothalamus were repeated with an interval of 30 min, the second and third consecutive injections produced a small but significant increase in gastric acid secretion. We propose that the ventromedial hypothalamus is involved in the stimulatory effect of pentobarbital on gastric acid secretion.
Collapse
|
190
|
Lin WC, Yano S, Watanabe K. Possible involvement of the central GABAergic system in pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion in the perfused rat stomach preparation. Eur J Pharmacol 1988; 149:33-9. [PMID: 3396625 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(88)90038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of several convulsants and diazepam on pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion were studied in the perfused stomach of rats under urethane anesthesia. Picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazol, GABA antagonists, and 3-mercaptopropionic acid, an inhibitor of GABA biosynthesis, strongly inhibited the pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The secretory action of pentobarbital was transiently depressed by strychnine, a glycine antagonist, and by bicuculline, a GABA antagonist; vigorous convulsions were observed in these rats. Diazepam had no effect on the pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion. These findings suggest that the potentiation of central GABAergic mediation by pentobarbital could be a main mechanism involved in pentobarbital-stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Collapse
|
191
|
Lin WC, Liang CC, Chen CT. Dynamic elastic interpolation for 3D medical image reconstruction from serial cross sections. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 1988; 7:225-232. [PMID: 18230473 DOI: 10.1109/42.7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An interpolation method is proposed for generating the intermediate contours between a start contour and a goal contour. Coupled with the display method for voxel-based objects, it provides a powerful tool for reconstructing the 3D object from serial cross sections. The method tries to fill in the lost information between two slices, assuming that there is smooth change between them. This is a reasonable assumption provided that the sampling is at least twice the Nyquist rate, in which case the result of the interpolation is expected to be very close to reality. One of the major advantages of this approach is its ability to handle the branching problem. Another major advantage is that after each intermediate contour is generated and sent to display device, there is no need to keep it in the memory unless the solid model will be used for further processing. Thus, the space complexity of this algorithm is relatively low.
Collapse
|
192
|
Watanabe K, Yano S, Lin WC. Stimulatory effect of pentobarbital and some anesthetics on gastric secretion in the continuously perfused stomach in rats under urethane anesthesia. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1987; 44:63-9. [PMID: 2887684 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.44.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of some anesthetics (pentobarbital, thiopental, alpha-chloralose and urethane) on gastric acid secretion were studied in the continuously perfused stomach in rats. Under urethane anesthesia, pentobarbital, thiopental and alpha-chloralose showed a definite stimulation on gastric acid secretion. Pretreatment with atropine or hexamethonium abolished the pentobarbital-induced acid secretion. Pentobarbital and thiopental did not elicit acid secretion in bilateral truncal vagotomized rats. In spinal rats, pentobarbital also stimulated acid secretion, but urethane, which was subcutaneously administered, reduced spontaneous acid output. The present results indicated that some anesthetics could stimulate gastric secretion in the anesthetized rat in contrast to the previously described inhibitory effect in the Shay rat.
Collapse
|
193
|
Cheng HD, Lin WC, Fu KS. Space-Time Domain Expansion Approach to VLSI and Its Application to Hierarchical Scene Matching. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1985; 7:306-319. [PMID: 21869265 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.1985.4767659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
VLSI technology has recently received increasing attention due to its high performance and high reliability. Designing a VLSI structure systematically for a given task becomes a very important problem to many computer engineers. In this paper, we present a method to transform a recursive computation task into a VLSI structure systematically. The main advantages of this approach are its simplicity and completeness. Several examples, such as vector inner product, matrix multiplication, convolution, comparison operations in relational database and fast Fourier transformation (FFT), are given to demonstrate the transformation procedure. Finally, we apply the proposed method to hierarchical scene matching. Scene matching refers to the process of locating or matching a region of an image with a corresponding region of another view of the same image taken from a different viewing angle or at a different time. We first present a constant threshold estimation for hierarchical scene matching. The VLSI implementation of the hierarchical scene matching is then described in detail.
Collapse
|
194
|
Lin WC. [Experimental studies on the concentration of human enteroviruses from larger volumes of surface water using talc-celite layers]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 1984; 18:213-6. [PMID: 6098428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
195
|
Lin WC, Fu KS. A syntactic approach to 3-d object representation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 1984; 6:351-364. [PMID: 21869202 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.1984.4767528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 3-D object representation scheme which uses surfaces as primitives and grammatical production rules as structural relationship descriptors is proposed. Possible selections of surface primitives are discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the object description method.
Collapse
|
196
|
Lin WC, Hsieh MT, Tsai HY, Chen CF. The pharmacological studies in central nervous system on the interaction of Taiwanese Veratri Formosani Rhizoma and Sophorae Radix. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 1984; 12:124-35. [PMID: 6496396 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x84000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The eighteen opposing drugs were to be recognized as absolute incompatibility of Chinese herbs. Ku-Shen (Sophorae Radix) opposed Li-Lu (Veratri Rhizoma) is one of these incompatible drugs. In this study, we attempted to investigate and identify the interactions of these two drugs in the CNS by means of modern pharmacological technics. The results elucidate that toxicity, number of retching movements, change of locomotor activity and the concentration of monoamines' metabolites of Li-Lu can be changed by Ku-Shen. From these results, further evidence was provided that the involvement of Li-Lu and Ku-Shen in the eighteen opposing drugs of Chinese ancient Pentsao are deemed to be significant.
Collapse
|
197
|
Lin WC. [Experimental studies on the isolation of enteric viruses from hospital sewage by polymer two-phase method (author's transl)]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 1981; 15:153-7. [PMID: 6273083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
198
|
Booth RJ, Lin WC. Electron spin resonance of Co(CN)53− in x‐irradiated single crystals of K3Co(12CN)6 and K3Co(13CN)6. J Chem Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1681998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
199
|
Lin WC, Pillay SK. A micropower pulsewidth-modulation-pulse-position-modulation two-channel telemetry system for biomedical applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1974; 21:273-80. [PMID: 4837474 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.1974.324313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
200
|
Lau PW, Lin WC. Electron spin resonance of transition metal ions in calcium tartrate tetrahydrate. II. VO2+ as dopant. J Chem Phys 1973. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1680589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|