201
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Cohen Y, Thomas EL. Microfibrillar network of a rigid rod polymer. 2. Small-angle x-ray scattering. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00180a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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202
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Kinning DJ, Thomas EL, Fetters LJ. Morphological studies of micelle formation in block copolymer/homopolymer blends: comparison with theory. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00013a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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203
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Kinning DJ, Winey KI, Thomas EL. Structural transitions from spherical to nonspherical micelles in blends of poly(styrene-butadiene) diblock copolymer and polystyrene homopolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00190a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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204
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Thomas EL, Kinning DJ, Alward DB, Henkee CS. Ordered packing arrangements of spherical micelles of diblock copolymers in two and three dimensions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00177a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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205
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Winey KI, Thomas EL, Fetters LJ. Swelling of lamellar diblock copolymer by homopolymer: influences of homopolymer concentration and molecular weight. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00023a020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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206
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Avgeropoulos A, Dair BJ, Thomas EL, Hadjichristidis N. Swelling behavior of ordered miktoarm star block copolymer–homopolymer blends. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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207
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Gido SP, Thomas EL. Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Grain Boundary Morphology. 4. Tilt Boundaries. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00099a031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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208
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Pradere P, Thomas EL. Antiphase boundaries and ordering defects in syndiotactic polystyrene crystals. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00225a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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209
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Kinning DJ, Thomas EL, Ottino JM. Effect of morphology on the transport of gases in block copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00171a043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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210
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Winey KI, Gobran DA, Xu Z, Fetters LJ, Thomas EL. Compositional Dependence of the Order-Disorder Transition in Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00087a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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211
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Shull KR, Winey KI, Thomas EL, Kramer EJ. Segregation of block copolymer micelles to surfaces and interfaces. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00010a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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212
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Kinning DJ, Thomas EL. Hard-sphere interactions between spherical domains in diblock copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma00139a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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213
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Ha YH, Thomas EL. Deformation Behavior of a Roll-Cast Layered-Silicate/Lamellar Triblock Copolymer Nanocomposite. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma012210h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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214
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Avgeropoulos A, Paraskeva S, Hadjichristidis N, Thomas EL. Synthesis and Microphase Separation of Linear Triblock Terpolymers of Polystyrene, High 1,4-Polybutadiene, and High 3,4-Polyisoprene. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010824g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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215
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Zhu L, Huang P, Chen WY, Ge Q, Quirk RP, Cheng SZD, Thomas EL, Lotz B, Hsiao BS, Yeh F, Liu L. Nanotailored Crystalline Morphology in Hexagonally Perforated Layers of a Self-Assembled PS-b-PEO Diblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma012184n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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216
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Kwon Y, Faust R, Chen CX, Thomas EL. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(isobutylene-b-pivalolactone) Diblock and Poly(pivalolactone-b-isobutylene-b-pivalolactone) Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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217
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Park JW, Thomas EL. A surface-reactive rod-coil diblock copolymer: nano- and micropatterned polymer brushes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:514-5. [PMID: 11804470 DOI: 10.1021/ja017116v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A diblock copolymer consisting of poly(3-(triethoxysilyl)propylisocyanate) (PIC) and polystyrene(PS) was synthesized by anionic polymerization. A polymeric monolayer of the block copolymer was formed on silica substrates by various grafting techniques such as immersion, casting, or contact-printing. The PIC block adheres covalently to Si substrates in an in-plane fashion due to its extended rodlike conformation and reactivity to the silica. The polystyrene blocks aggregate to form mounds on the surface resulting in a new type of nanopatterned polymer brush. The self-limiting adsorption of the rod coils results in a thickness of about 5 nm regardless of the solution concentration and coating method. This particular property allowed microcontact printing directly onto silicon or glass substrates. The resulting surface morphology consisted of nanoscale domains given by the block copolymer and uniform thickness micropatterns transferred from the stamp within the printed area. This study offers a simple new method to prepare a covalent polymeric monolayer with nano- and micropatterns, which can be performed directly onto various silicon-based substrates.
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218
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Harrington TAM, Thomas EL, Modi N, Frost G, Coutts GA, Bell JD. Fast and reproducible method for the direct quantitation of adipose tissue in newborn infants. Lipids 2002; 37:95-100. [PMID: 11878317 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-002-0868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of body fat content and distribution in infants is becoming an area of increasing interest, especially as perception of its function appears to be rapidly evolving. Although a number of methods are available to estimate body fat content in adults, many are of limited use in infants, especially in the context of regional distribution and internal depots. In this study we developed and implemented a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol that allows fast and reproducible measurements of adipose tissue content in newborn infants, with an intra-observer variability of <2.4% and an inter-observed variability of <7%. The percentage total body fat for this cohort of infants ranged from 13.3-22.6% (mean and standard deviation: 16.6 +/- 2.9%), which agrees closely with published data. Subcutaneous fat accounted for just over 89% of the total body fat, whereas internal fat corresponded to almost 11%, most of which was nonabdominal fat. There were no gender differences in total or regional body fat content. These results show that whole-body MRI can be readily applied to the study of adipose tissue content and distribution in newborn infants. Furthermore, its noninvasive nature makes it an ideal method for longitudinal and interventional studies in newborn infants.
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219
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Zhu L, Mimnaugh BR, Ge Q, Quirk RP, Cheng SZ, Thomas EL, Lotz B, Hsiao BS, Yeh F, Liu L. Hard and soft confinement effects on polymer crystallization in microphase separated cylinder-forming PEO-b-PS/PS blends. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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220
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Goldstone AP, Thomas EL, Brynes AE, Bell JD, Frost G, Saeed N, Hajnal JV, Howard JK, Holland A, Bloom SR. Visceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:4330-8. [PMID: 11549670 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.9.7814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral obesity is detrimental to health, but the mechanisms controlling body fat distribution are not fully understood. In premenopausal adult females (30 nonobese, 14 obese [body mass index >30 kg/m(2)]), variance in fasting insulin, glucose, insulin/glucose ratio, C-peptide/insulin ratio, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, were independently influenced by visceral but not total sc or abdominal sc adipose tissue, as measured by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging. Adult females with Prader-Willi syndrome (n = 13) had significantly reduced visceral adiposity, compared with obese controls (visceral/total sc adipose tissue ratio: 0.067 +/- 0.017 vs. 0.108 +/- 0.021), independent of their total adiposity (P < 0.001), or use of exogenous sex steroids. This is in contrast to that expected by their physical inactivity, hypogonadism, adult GH deficiency, and psychiatric problems. Females with Prader-Willi syndrome not receiving sex steroids (n = 8) had significantly reduced fasting insulin, insulin/glucose ratio, and triglycerides and increased C-peptide/insulin ratio, compared with obese controls, adjusting for total (P < 0.05) but not visceral adiposity (P = 0.3-0.6), supporting their association. The cause of the reduced visceral adiposity in Prader-Willi syndrome may reflect novel hormonal, hypothalamic, and/or genetic influences on body fat distribution.
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221
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Temelkuran B, Thomas EL, Joannopoulos JD, Fink Y. Low-loss infrared dielectric material system for broadband dual-range omnidirectional reflectivity. OPTICS LETTERS 2001; 26:1370-1372. [PMID: 18049612 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A material system for broadband thermal IR applications based on branched polyethylene and tellurium is introduced. This system exhibits low absorption losses from 3.5 to 35 microm , has a large index contrast, and is readily deposited as a thin film. These unique features were used to investigate the formation of an omnidirectional reflector that exhibits two distinct, broadband omnidirectional ranges at thermal wavelengths. Reflectivity measurements are presented that confirm the existence of two omnidirectional ranges in the solar atmospheric windows extending from 8 to 12 microm and from 4.5 to 5.5 microm . The measurements are in good agreement with simulations.
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222
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Huang P, Zhu L, Cheng SZD, Ge Q, Quirk RP, Thomas EL, Lotz B, Hsiao BS, Liu L, Yeh F. Crystal Orientation Changes in Two-Dimensionally Confined Nanocylinders in a Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene/Polystyrene Blend. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010671x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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223
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O'Rourke MJE, Ding, Thomas EL, Percec V. Morphologies and Energies of Néel Inversion Wall Defects in a Liquid Crystal Polyether. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010635y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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224
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Wohlgemuth M, Yufa N, Hoffman J, Thomas EL. Triply Periodic Bicontinuous Cubic Microdomain Morphologies by Symmetries. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0019499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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225
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