201
|
Alaei L, A.Moosavi-Movahedi A, Hadi H, A. Saboury A, Ahmad F, Amani M. Thermal Inactivation and Conformational Lock of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase. Protein Pept Lett 2012; 19:852-8. [DOI: 10.2174/092986612801619507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
202
|
Ahmad F, Sheha E. Preparation and physical properties of (PVA)0.7(NaBr)0.3(H3PO4) x M solid acid membrane for phosphoric acid - Fuel cells. J Adv Res 2012; 4:155-61. [PMID: 25685413 PMCID: PMC4260887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A solid acid membranes based on poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), sodium bromide (NaBr) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were prepared by a solution casting method. The morphological, IR, electrical and optical properties of the (PVA)0.7(NaBr)0.3(H3PO4)xM solid acid membranes where x = 0.00, 0.85, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 M were investigated. The variation of film morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to characterize the structure of polymer and confirms the complexation of phosphoric acid with host polymeric matrix. The temperature dependent nature of ionic conductivity and the impedance of the polymer electrolytes were determined along with the associated activation energy. The ionic conductivity at room temperature was found to be strongly depends on the H3PO4 concentration which it has been achieved to be of the order 4.3 × 10−3 S/cm at ambient temperature. Optical measurements showed a decrease in optical band gap and an increase in band tail width with the increase of phosphoric acid. The data shows that the (PVA)0.7(NaBr)0.3(H3PO4)xM solid acid membrane is promising for intermediate temperature phosphoric acid fuel cell applications.
Collapse
|
203
|
Ahmad F, Arshad AM, Wong J, Goh C, Mohan A, Ayub A. Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with melioidosis in Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
204
|
Sarju N, Samad AA, Ghani MA, Ahmad F. Detection and quantification of Naringenin and kaempferol in Melastoma decemfidumextracts by GC-FID and GC-MS. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012; 24:221-228. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
205
|
Abstract
Data center-scale clusters are evolving towards heterogeneous hardware for power, cost, differentiated price-performance, and other reasons. MapReduce is a well-known programming model to process large amount of data on data center-scale clusters. Most MapReduce implementations have been designed and optimized for homogeneous clusters. Unfortunately, these implementations perform poorly on heterogeneous clusters (e.g., on a 90-node cluster that contains 10 Xeon-based servers and 80 Atom-based servers, Hadoop performs worse than on 10-node Xeon-only or 80-node Atom-only homogeneous sub-clusters for many of our benchmarks). This poor performance remains despite previously proposed optimizations related to management of straggler tasks. In this paper, we address MapReduce's poor performance on heterogeneous clusters. Our first contribution is that the poor performance is due to two key factors: (1) the non-intuitive effect that MapReduce's built-in load balancing results in excessive and bursty network communication during the Map phase, and (2) the intuitive effect that the heterogeneity amplifies load imbalance in the Reduce computation. Our second contribution is Tarazu, a suite of optimizations to improve MapReduce performance on heterogeneous clusters. Tarazu consists of (1) Communication-Aware Load Balancing of Map computation (CALB) across the nodes, (2) Communication-Aware Scheduling of Map computation (CAS) to avoid bursty network traffic and (3) Predictive Load Balancing of Reduce computation (PLB) across the nodes. Using the above 90-node cluster, we show that Tarazu significantly improves performance over a baseline of Hadoop with straightforward tuning for hardware heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
206
|
Olmo M, Martínez M, Castelló A, Ahmad F, Mangues I, Schoenenberger J. Lenalidomide: safety and clinical benefit†. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000074.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
207
|
Masarat S, Ahmad F, Chisti M, Hamid S, Sofi BA. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species among HIV positive asymptomatic and symptomatic immigrant population in Kashmir, India. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2012; 4:35-9. [PMID: 22783459 PMCID: PMC3391559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cryptosporidiosis has not been reported as an endemic disease in Kashmir, but high prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. has been found among asymptomatic (non-diarrheic) HIV positive immigrants in present study. Due to increasing number of HIV positive immigrants in Kashmir, Cryptosporidium may become a public health problem in Kashmir. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 stool samples were obtained from symptomatic (diarrheic n = 9) and asymptomatic (non-diarrheic n = 36) patients infected with HIV. The stool samples were concentrated using formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique, stained with modified Kinyoun's cold stain and oocysts were identified by microscopy under 1000 x magnification. It was confirmed by detection of antigens in stool samples by ELISA. RESULTS It was established that all the patients studied were carriers of Cryptosporidium. In present study though 80% of patients were asymptomatic (non-diarrheic) and HIV positive which involved non-Kashmiri army personals and travelers (immigrants) but were carriers of Cryptosporidium and 20% of HIV positive patients were emigrants (local Kashmiri traders) who travelled different states of India were having diarrhea (symptomatic) as well as carrier of Cryptosporidium. CONCLUSION Though Cryptosporidium infection causes chronic diarrhea but in present study all HIV positive patients screened whether diarrheic or non-diarrheic were positive for Cryptosporidium. To prevent the transmission of Cryptosporidium oocyst in environment and endemic spread of cryptosporidiosis as non-diarrheic HIV positive population may be potential source of infection, obligatory laboratory testing for Cryptosporidium in HIV positive immigrant population like traders and travelers is highly recommended in order to have a better understanding of the cause of spread Cryptosporidium infection in Kashmir.
Collapse
|
208
|
Ahmad F, Alam S, Shukla I, Sherwani R, Ali SM. IgA anti-tTG antibodies in children with severe short stature without gastrointestinal manifestations. Indian J Gastroenterol 2012; 31:32-3. [PMID: 22307886 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-011-0160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
209
|
Ahmad F, Wyatt J. Highlights from the literature. Arch Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2011-200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
210
|
Moosavi-Movahedi A, Rajabzadeh H, Amani M, Nourouzian D, Zare K, Hadi H, Sharifzadeh A, Poursasan N, Ahmad F, Sheibani N. Acidic residue modifications restore chaperone activity of β-casein interacting with lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:616-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
211
|
Ganie MA, Laway BA, Nisar S, Wani MM, Khurana ML, Ahmad F, Ahmed S, Gupta P, Ali I, Shabir I, Shadan A, Ahmed A, Tufail S. Presentation and clinical course of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome from North India. Diabet Med 2011; 28:1337-42. [PMID: 21726277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Wolfram syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD, is a relatively rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder, first evident in childhood as an association of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, followed by diabetes insipidus and deafness. The aim of the study was to examine the clinical profile of patients with DIDMOAD syndrome presenting to a tertiary care hospital in north India. METHODS Clinical presentation of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus fulfilling the diagnosis of Wolfram syndrome was studied using a prepared standardized form. RESULTS Subjects with juvenile-onset non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic at a tertiary care centre in north India were followed for 10 years and a diagnosis of fully developed Wolfram syndrome was confirmed in seven individuals. The series consisted of five male and two female patients with a mean age of 17.5 ±7.34 years. Two subjects had consanguinity and none had any other family member affected. Optic atrophy was present in all, sensorineural hearing loss in 4/7, central diabetes insipidus in 4/7 and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in 2/7 subjects. The new associations found were: spastic myoclonus, short stature with pancreatic malabsorption, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, cyanotic heart disease and choledocholithiasis with cholangitis. Genetic analysis revealed mutation in exon 8 of the WFS1 gene in all the cases studied. CONCLUSIONS The present clinical series of Wolfram syndrome reveals a varied clinical presentation of the syndrome and some new associations.
Collapse
|
212
|
Ahmad F, Boulaftali Y, Greene TK, Ouellette TD, Poncz M, Feske S, Bergmeier W. Relative contributions of stromal interaction molecule 1 and CalDAG-GEFI to calcium-dependent platelet activation and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2077-86. [PMID: 21848641 PMCID: PMC3184355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was recently identified as a critical component of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in platelets. We previously reported the Ca(2+) -sensing guanine nucleotide exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI as a critical molecule in Ca(2+) signaling in platelets. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of STIM1/SOCE to Ca(2+) -dependent platelet activation and thrombosis, we here compared the activation responses of platelets lacking STIM1 and platelets lacking CalDAG-GEFI. METHODS The murine Stim1 gene was conditionally deleted in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. CalDAG-GEFI(-/-) and Stim1(fl/fl) PF4-Cre mice, along with littermate control mice, were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments under flow as well as static conditions. RESULTS Integrin α(IIb) β(3) -mediated aggregation was markedly impaired in CalDAG-GEFI-deficient but not STIM1-deficient platelets, under both static and flow conditions. In contrast, deficiency in either STIM1 or CalDAG-GEFI significantly impaired the ability of platelets to express phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. When subjected to a laser injury thrombosis model, mice lacking STIM1 in platelets were characterized by the formation of unstable platelet-rich thrombi and delayed and reduced fibrin generation in injured arterioles. In CalDAG-GEFI(-/-) mice, fibrin generation was also delayed and reduced, but platelet accumulation was almost abolished. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that: (i) STIM1/SOCE is critical for the procoagulant activity but not the proadhesive function of platelets; and (ii) at the site of vascular injury, STIM1 and CalDAG-GEFI are critical for the first wave of thrombin generation mediated by procoagulant platelets.
Collapse
|
213
|
Beig FK, Ahmad F, Ekram M, Shukla I. Typhidot M and Diazo test vis-à-vis blood culture and Widal test in the early diagnosis of typhoid fever in children in a resource poor setting. Braz J Infect Dis 2011; 14:589-93. [PMID: 21340299 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(10)70116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Typhoid fever is a major public health problem. A test which is simple, reliable and can be carried out in small laboratories is the need of the hour. We prospectively evaluated typhidot M and Diazo tests vis-à-vis blood culture and Widal test in children. METHODS Patients aged 6 months to 12 years, having fever of more than four days duration with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever were enrolled. Patients in whom other diagnosis was made served as control. The tests under scrutiny were validated against blood culture and then all the four tests were evaluated among patients who presented in the first week of illness. RESULTS Blood culture was positive in only 27.3% of the cases. Among these culture positive cases, typhidot M test had the highest sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 90% (95% CI = 74.4-96.5), 100% (95% CI = 90.1-100), 100% (95% CI = 87.5-100), and 92.1% (95% CI = 79.2-97.3) respectively. Diazo test ranked next with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 86.7% (95% CI = 70.3-94.7), 85.7% (95% CI = 70.6-93.7), 83.9% (95% CI = 67.4-92.9), 88.2% (95% CI = 73.4-95.3) respectively. Among clinically suspected typhoid cases, the overall sensitivity, of blood culture, Widal, typhidot M, Diazo was 27.3% (95% CI = 19.8- 36.3), 64.6% (95% CI = 55.3-72.9), 89.1% (95% CI = 81.9-93.7), 80.9% (95% CI = 72.6-87.2) respectively. In the first week of illness, typhidot M showed the best sensitivity [86.2% (95% CI = 69.4-94.5)] followed by Diazo [79% (95% CI = 61.6-90.2)], Widal [41.4% (95% CI = 25.5-59.3)] and blood culture [31% (95% CI = 17.3-49.2)]. CONCLUSION Both Typhidot M and Diazo are good screening tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Typhidot M is superior to Diazo but the latter is more suitable to resource poor settings being economic and easy to perform.
Collapse
|
214
|
Rehman H, Mohan A, Tabassum H, Ahmad F, Rahman S, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. Deltamethrin Increases Candida albicans infection susceptibility in mice. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:459-64. [PMID: 21272049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02521.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin, an alpha-cyano type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is used to control a wide range of insects on a variety of crops and vectors of diseases. Deltamethrin has been previously reported for its immunotoxic effects and therefore its exposure may affect the host resistance to infection and tumour challenge. Effect of exposure of deltamethrin on host resistance to Candida albicans infection was examined in Swiss albino mice. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulatory action of deltamethrin in C. albicans infected mice. The dose of deltamethrin was initially tested and selected from our previous study (18 mg/kg). Percentage of infection in deltamethrin treated animals increased faster when compared to that of the controls. Deltamethrin exposure along with C. albicans infection caused alteration of humoral immune response. The number of colony forming unit in liver and spleen were also found to be significantly increased in the treated group. The results from our present study suggest that deltamethrin exhibits an immunosuppressive effect and has a negative impact on host resistance to C. albicans infection.
Collapse
|
215
|
Amir N, Ahmad F, Megat-Yuso P. Study on the Fibre Reinforced Epoxy-based Intumescent Coating Formulations and their Char Characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2011.1678.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
216
|
Ahmed A, Minhas K, Micheal S, Ahmad F. Prevalence of skin test reactivity to aeroallergens in the Pakistani population. Public Health 2011; 125:324-6. [PMID: 21524426 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of allergies has increased in all parts of the world. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sensitivity to common aeroallergens, pollen, thresher dust and cotton dust, in Pakistan. STUDY-DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHOD Record of 65067 who attended the Allergy Centre, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2007 to August 2008 was retrieved. Subjects that were skin prick test (SPT) negative and those that were SPT positive to aeroallergens were extracted and subcategorized on the basis of the 8 provinces of Pakistan, including, Islamabad Capital Territory, Punjab, Baluchistan, Sindh, Northern Areas, Kashmir, North Western Frontier Province (NWFP) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Monthly analysis of prevalence of allergies was also determined. RESULTS Of the total, 68.6% were SPT positive. The highest number of affected individuals was from the Punjab region (41%). The highest number of cases of all aeroallergens was reported in the month of August (3532, 13.7%). Significant high correlations were observed between mixed pollen, thresher dust and raw cotton and allergic rhinitis, asthma, uriticaria and allergic conjunctivitis. There was no significant correlation between allergen sensitivity and atopic edema. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of sensitivity to aeroallergens is observed in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.
Collapse
|
217
|
Mouangue N A, Abdul-Rani A, Ahmad F, Zainuddin A, Jason Lo S. Effects of Electro-discharge Machining on Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2011.1668.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
218
|
Kamil M, Jayaraj AF, Ahmad F, Gunasekhar C, Thomas S, Habibullah M, Chan K. Chemical standardization of Portulaca oleracea V. sativa. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb02459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
219
|
Ahmad F, Coleman SK, Kaila K, Blaesse P. Cold-adapted protease enables quantitation of surface proteins in the absence of membrane trafficking. Biotechniques 2011; 50:255-7. [PMID: 21548910 DOI: 10.2144/000113651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here an improved method for analyzing protein surface expression utilizing a cold-adapted trypsin. Preservation of activity of the enzyme at 0-4°C permits modification of the protease method of surface analysis to temperatures at which trafficking of mammalian plasmalemmal proteins is blocked. This is an important advantage over established trypsin-cleavage protocols. Moreover, the method is less time-consuming than surface biotinylation.
Collapse
|
220
|
Koul PA, Ashraf M, Jan RA, Shah S, Khan UH, Ahmad F, Qadri BA, Bazaz SR. An elderly male with tubercular osteomyelitis of the chest wall. CASE REPORTS 2011; 2011:2011/mar05_1/bcr1220103638. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.12.2010.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
221
|
Ahmad F, Nassab R, Bell D. The Omni-Tract surgical retractor in abdominoplasty--taking the weight from the surgeon. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011; 64:1114-5. [PMID: 21377944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
222
|
Ahmad F, Zangrilli J, Martin U. Effect of Budesonide/Formoterol Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler (BUD/FM pMDI) on Proportion of the Mean Peak Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Over Time in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Persistent Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
223
|
Heasley R, Farrow L, Ahmad F, Lovell M. Effect of the Human Tissue Act on UK Orthopaedic Cadaveric Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1308/147363511x545960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Following public inquiries into the events of Bristol Royal Infirmary (www.bristol-inquiry.org.uk) and Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital (www.rlcinquiry.org.uk) the laws on the use of organs and tissue were reviewed. The UK Human Tissue Act 2004 was fully implemented in September 2006, replacing the Human Tissue Act 1961, the Anatomy Act 1984 and the Human Organ Transplants Act 1989. These reports highlighted the significant disparity between public opinion and medical professionals on issues of consent regarding human tissue.
Collapse
|
224
|
Beig FK, Ahmad F, Ekram M, Shukla I. Typhidot M and Diazo test vis-à-vis blood culture and Widal test in the early diagnosis of typhoid fever in children in a resource poor setting. Braz J Infect Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702010000600007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
225
|
Khirug S, Ahmad F, Puskarjov M, Afzalov R, Kaila K, Blaesse P. A single seizure episode leads to rapid functional activation of KCC2 in the neonatal rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 2010; 30:12028-35. [PMID: 20826666 PMCID: PMC6633538 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3154-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional expression of the K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 in developing central neurons is crucial for the maturation of Cl(-)-dependent, GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory responses. In pyramidal neurons of the rodent hippocampus, GABAergic postsynaptic responses are typically depolarizing and often excitatory during the first postnatal week. Here, we show that a single neonatal seizure episode induced by kainate injection during postnatal days 5-7 results in a fast increase in the Cl(-) extrusion capacity of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons, with a consequent hyperpolarizing shift of the reversal potential of GABA(A)-mediated currents (E(GABA)). A significant increase in the surface expression of KCC2 as well as the alpha2 subunit of the Na-K-ATPase parallels the seizure-induced increase in the Cl(-) extrusion capacity. Exposing hippocampal slices to kainate resulted in a similar increase in the neuronal Cl(-) extrusion and in the surface expression of KCC2. Both effects were blocked by the kinase inhibitor K252a. Hence, in the neonatal hippocampus the overall KCC2 expression level is high enough to promote a rapid functional activation of K-Cl cotransport and a consequent negative shift in E(GABA) close to the adult level. The activity-dependent regulation of KCC2 function and its effect on GABAergic transmission may represent an intrinsic antiepileptogenic mechanism.
Collapse
|