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Arnold K, Eckstein D. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Tamoxifen Given for Breast Cancer Prevention Has No Heart-Related Effects. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.1.1-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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202
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Arnold K, Eckstein D. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: High-Dose Chemotherapy and Stem Cell Infusion of No Benefit to Most Patients With Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.1.1-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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203
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Major Study Finds No Benefit From Intensive School-Based Smoking Prevention Program. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.24.1961-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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204
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: New Approach May Cut the Incidence of Precancerous Stomach Abnormalities. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.23.1861-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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205
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Harris MT, Lai K, Arnold K, Martinez HF, Specht CA, Fuhrman JA. Chitin synthase in the filarial parasite, Brugia malayi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2000; 111:351-62. [PMID: 11163442 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(00)00328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of putative chitin synthase (chs) genes from two filarial species (Brugia malayi and Dirofilaria immitis) were amplified by PCR using degenerate primers. The full genomic and cDNA sequences were obtained for the B. malayi chs gene (Bm-chs-1); the predicted amino acid sequence is highly similar, over a large region, to two CHS sequences of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and also to two insect CHS sequences. Bm-chs-1 is abundantly transcribed in B. malayi adult females, independent of their fertilization status, but is also expressed in males and microfilariae. Oocytes and early embryos contain large amounts of Bm-chs-1 transcript by in situ hybridization, but later stage embryos within the maternal uterus show little or no Bm-chs-1 transcript. No specific hybridization could be demonstrated in maternal somatic tissues. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against a peptide expressed from a recombinant cDNA fragment of Bm-chs-1; immunostaining detected CHS protein in oocytes and early to midstage embryos. These studies characterize a gene that is likely to be essential to oogenesis and embryonic development in a parasitic nematode. Because chitin synthesis and eggshell formation begin after fertilization, the presence of CHS protein in early oocytes suggests that the enzyme must be activated as a result of fertilization. These studies also demonstrate that chitin synthesis may not be restricted to eggshell formation in nematodes, as the Bm-chs-1 gene is transcribed in life cycle stages other than adult females.
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Biomarker for Esophageal Cancer Found in Bloodstream. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.22.1787-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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207
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Cigarette Smoking Linked to a Genetic Alteration Observed in Some Colon Cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.22.1787-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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208
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Turning Hamburgers Every Minute Cuts Cooking Time and Dramatically Reduces the Formation of Carcinogens. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.21.1699-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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209
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: No Link Found Between High Fruit/Vegetable Consumption and Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.21.1699-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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210
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments for Advanced Prostate Cancer Compared in New Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.21.1699-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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211
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Factors Identified That Can Lead to False-Positive Mammograms. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.20.1625-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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212
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Nonsmoking Women Married to Smokers Face No Increase in Breast Cancer Mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.20.1625-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: New Model May Help Select Chemotherapies for Phase III Studies of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.19.1545-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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215
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: New Study Compares the Side Effects of Surgery Versus Radiation Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.19.1545-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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216
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Arnold K, Atwood G. Nietzsche's madness. Psychoanal Rev 2000; 87:651-98. [PMID: 11242777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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Binder H, Arnold K, Ulrich AS, Zschörnig O. The effect of Zn(2+) on the secondary structure of a histidine-rich fusogenic peptide and its interaction with lipid membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1468:345-58. [PMID: 11018678 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00275-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane fusion between uncharged lipid vesicles can be triggered by the peptide sequence 'B18' from the fertilization protein 'bindin', but it only proceeds efficiently in the presence of Zn(2+) ions. We studied (i) the interaction of Zn(2+) with the fusogenic peptide B18, (ii) the binding of B18 to 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and (iii) the ternary system POPC/B18/Zn(2+). The complex formation of Zn(2+) with the central histidine-rich motif of B18 appears to shift the secondary structure away from a beta-sheet towards an alpha-helical conformation. Here we observe for the first time an essentially alpha-helical structure of the peptide when immersed in POPC bilayers which appears to represent its functional fusogenic state. Infrared linear dichroism suggests a peripheral, oblique insertion mode of B18, mediated by the hydrophobic patches along one side of the amphipathic peptide. Furthermore, the hydration level of the peptide is reduced, suggesting that the hydrophobic region of the bilayer is involved in the lipid/peptide interactions. The hydration capacity of the POPC/B18/Zn(2+) system is distinctly smaller than that of POPC/Zn(2+) without peptide. The accompanying decrease in the number of tightly bound water molecules per lipid can be interpreted as a reduction in the repulsive 'hydration' forces, which usually prevent the spontaneous fusion of lipid vesicles. Binding of the B18 peptide in the presence of Zn(2+) effectively renders the membrane surface more hydrophobic, thus allowing fusion to proceed.
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Mammography Does Not Reduce Breast Cancer Mortality When Added to Careful Breast Examination for Women Aged 50-59 Years. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.18.1455-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colon Cancer May Be Less Common Than Reported. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.18.1455-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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220
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Drysdale CM, McGraw DW, Stack CB, Stephens JC, Judson RS, Nandabalan K, Arnold K, Ruano G, Liggett SB. Complex promoter and coding region beta 2-adrenergic receptor haplotypes alter receptor expression and predict in vivo responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:10483-8. [PMID: 10984540 PMCID: PMC27050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.19.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene has multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but the relevance of chromosomally phased SNPs (haplotypes) is not known. The phylogeny and the in vitro and in vivo consequences of variations in the 5' upstream and ORF were delineated in a multiethnic reference population and an asthmatic cohort. Thirteen SNPs were found organized into 12 haplotypes out of the theoretically possible 8,192 combinations. Deep divergence in the distribution of some haplotypes was noted in Caucasian, African-American, Asian, and Hispanic-Latino ethnic groups with >20-fold differences among the frequencies of the four major haplotypes. The relevance of the five most common beta(2)-adrenergic receptor haplotype pairs was determined in vivo by assessing the bronchodilator response to beta agonist in asthmatics. Mean responses by haplotype pair varied by >2-fold, and response was significantly related to the haplotype pair (P = 0.007) but not to individual SNPs. Expression vectors representing two of the haplotypes differing at eight of the SNP loci and associated with divergent in vivo responsiveness to agonist were used to transfect HEK293 cells. beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mRNA levels and receptor density in cells transfected with the haplotype associated with the greater physiologic response were approximately 50% greater than those transfected with the lower response haplotype. The results indicate that the unique interactions of multiple SNPs within a haplotype ultimately can affect biologic and therapeutic phenotype and that individual SNPs may have poor predictive power as pharmacogenetic loci.
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Arnold K. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Type of Breast Cancer Surgery Has Little Impact on Quality of Life. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.17.1365-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Arnold K, Eckstein D. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Test May Help Identify Patients Likely to Develop Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.16.1279-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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223
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Arnold K, Eckstein D. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: 20-Year Follow-up Shows No Mortality Reduction in a Lung Cancer Screening Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.16.1279-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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224
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Naji L, Kaufmann J, Huster D, Schiller J, Arnold K. 13C NMR relaxation studies on cartilage and cartilage components. Carbohydr Res 2000; 327:439-46. [PMID: 10990029 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)00064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the molecular motions of polysaccharides of bovine nasal and pig articular cartilage by measuring the 13C NMR relaxation times (T1 and T2). Both types of cartilage differ significantly towards their collagen/glycosaminoglycan ratio, leading to different NMR spectra. As chondroitin sulfate is the main constituent of cartilage, aqueous solutions of related poly- and monosaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid) were also investigated. Although there are only slight differences in T1 relaxation of the mono- and the polysaccharides, T2 decreases about one order of magnitude, when glucuronic acid or N-acetylglucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are compared. It is concluded that the ring carbons are motion-restricted primarily by the embedment in the rigid pyranose structure and, thus, additional limitations of mobility do not more show a major effect. Significant differences were observed between bovine nasal and pig articular cartilage, resulting in a considerable line-broadening and a lower signal to noise ratio in the spectra of pig articular cartilage. This is most likely caused by the higher collagen content of articular cartilage in comparison to the polysaccharide-rich bovine nasal cartilage.
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Arnold K, Eckstein D. MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Short-Term Risk for Breast Cancer Predicted by Breast Cells Obtained by Random Fine-Needle Aspiration. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/92.15.1193-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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