Synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-N [(S)-omega-amino-2-hydroxyalkyl] kanamycin A derivatives

Four 1-N-aminohydroxy-alkyl derivatives of kanamycin A were prepared and their in vitro activities against aminoglycoside-sensitive and aminoglycoside-resistant organisms were compared with amikacin. 1-N-[(S)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyl] kanamycin A (Fig. 1, compound 2, code no. UK-18,892) was equipotent to amikacin in all these tests and in mouse protection studies.

Developmental correlates of handedness in a national sample of 11-year-olds

Some developmental correlates of hand preference in a large nationally representative sample of 11-year-old schoolchildren were examined. Non-right handedness was found to have slight, but statistically significant, associations with deficits of performance on certain standardized attainment and ability tests; with "poor speech" as assessed impressionistically by teachers in school; and with "poor control of hands" as similarly assessed by teachers. Non-right handedness was not associated with defects of articulation or stammering as assessed by doctors in a medical examination; nor withperformance on a clinical speech test; nor with writing productivity or syntactic maturity. There were substantial sex differences in the frequencies of non-right handedness, but no social class differences.

Speech problems in a national survey: assessments and prevalences

In this paper we present data on the prevalence of speech problems in a nationally representative group of children according to three modes of assessment. There was a large measure of disagreement between the assessments. Sex, social class, birth order and family size differences were examined. There was indirect evidence to suggest that the social class differences in the teacher's assessments of poor speech could be explained in terms of differences in children's dialect and language rather than a reflection of speech deficits. Finally we examined the relationship between parental assessment and the three modes of assessment. Overall, the degree of concurrence was low.