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Miller-Podraza H, Larsson T, Nilsson J, Teneberg S, Matrosovich M, Johansson L. Epitope dissection of receptor-active gangliosides with affinity for Helicobacter pylori and influenza virus. Acta Biochim Pol 1998. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.1998_4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-active gangliosides with affinity for Helicobacter pylori and influenza virus were chemically modified and analyzed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) or electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI MS) after permethylation. Derivatizations included mild periodate oxidation of the sialic acid glycerol tail or conversion of the carboxyl group to primary alcohol or amides. The modified gangliosides were then tested for binding affinity using thin-layer plates overlaid with labeled microbes or microbe-derived proteins. Mild periodate oxidation, which shortens sialic acid tail without destruction of sugar cores, abolished or drastically reduced binding of H. pylori and avian influenza virus to sialyl-3-paragloboside (S-3-PG). The same effect was observed in the case of binding of the human influenza virus to receptor-active gangliosides of human leukocytes. Conversion of S-3-PG or leukocyte gangliosides to primary alcohols or amides also abolished the binding. However, mild periodate oxidation had no effect on binding of NAP (neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori) to the active ganglioside.
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202
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Johansson L, Andersen LF. Who eats 5 a day?: intake of fruits and vegetables among Norwegians in relation to gender and lifestyle. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 1998; 98:689-91. [PMID: 9627628 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(98)00156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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203
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Treuter E, Albrektsen T, Johansson L, Leers J, Gustafsson JA. A regulatory role for RIP140 in nuclear receptor activation. Mol Endocrinol 1998. [PMID: 9626662 DOI: 10.1210/me.12.6.864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors requires negatively and positively acting cofactors. Recent models for receptor activation propose that certain receptors in the absence of ligands can recruit corepressors while ligand binding results in conformational changes leading to the recruitment of coactivators. Previous work has established a coactivator role for the SRC-1 family members as well as an involvement of the coactivators CBP/p300 in nuclear receptor signaling. However, in addition to coactivators, ligand-activated nuclear receptors bind a number of different proteins that possibly serve other functions. Using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening, we have isolated nuclear factor RIP140 whose function in receptor activation is unclear. We now report a detailed characterization of RIP140 action with a focus on the retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimeric receptors PPAR and thyroid hormone receptor (TR). We show that putative PPAR ligands enhance the interaction of RIP140 with the rat PPAR subtypes alpha and gamma in solution but not with PPAR/RXR heterodimers on DNA. However, RIP140 forms ternary complexes in the presence of RXR ligands. Similar experiments with TR support the high affinity of RIP140 to the RXR subunit and also suggest that either partner in the TR/RXR heterodimer can independently respond to ligand. Coactivation experiments in yeast and mammalian cells confirm the coactivator role for SRC-1, but not for RIP140. We provide important evidence that the in vitro binding of RIP140 and SRC-1 to nuclear receptors is competitive. Since RIP140 generally down-regulates receptor activity in mammalian cells and specifically down-regulates coactivation mediated by SRC-1, we propose a model in which RIP140 indirectly regulates nuclear receptor AF-2 activity by competition for coactivators such as SRC-1.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Alitretinoin
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Dimerization
- Fatty Acids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Gene Library
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- Humans
- Macromolecular Substances
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
- Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1
- Oncogene Proteins
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Rosiglitazone
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Transfection
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Zinc Fingers
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204
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Treuter E, Albrektsen T, Johansson L, Leers J, Gustafsson JA. A regulatory role for RIP140 in nuclear receptor activation. Mol Endocrinol 1998; 12:864-81. [PMID: 9626662 DOI: 10.1210/mend.12.6.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors requires negatively and positively acting cofactors. Recent models for receptor activation propose that certain receptors in the absence of ligands can recruit corepressors while ligand binding results in conformational changes leading to the recruitment of coactivators. Previous work has established a coactivator role for the SRC-1 family members as well as an involvement of the coactivators CBP/p300 in nuclear receptor signaling. However, in addition to coactivators, ligand-activated nuclear receptors bind a number of different proteins that possibly serve other functions. Using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening, we have isolated nuclear factor RIP140 whose function in receptor activation is unclear. We now report a detailed characterization of RIP140 action with a focus on the retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimeric receptors PPAR and thyroid hormone receptor (TR). We show that putative PPAR ligands enhance the interaction of RIP140 with the rat PPAR subtypes alpha and gamma in solution but not with PPAR/RXR heterodimers on DNA. However, RIP140 forms ternary complexes in the presence of RXR ligands. Similar experiments with TR support the high affinity of RIP140 to the RXR subunit and also suggest that either partner in the TR/RXR heterodimer can independently respond to ligand. Coactivation experiments in yeast and mammalian cells confirm the coactivator role for SRC-1, but not for RIP140. We provide important evidence that the in vitro binding of RIP140 and SRC-1 to nuclear receptors is competitive. Since RIP140 generally down-regulates receptor activity in mammalian cells and specifically down-regulates coactivation mediated by SRC-1, we propose a model in which RIP140 indirectly regulates nuclear receptor AF-2 activity by competition for coactivators such as SRC-1.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Alitretinoin
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Dimerization
- Fatty Acids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Gene Library
- Histone Acetyltransferases
- Humans
- Macromolecular Substances
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1
- Nuclear Receptor Coactivators
- Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1
- Oncogene Proteins
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/chemistry
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors
- Rosiglitazone
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
- Transfection
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Zinc Fingers
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205
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Nayeri F, Cameron R, Chryssanthou E, Johansson L, Söderström C. Candida glabrata prosthesis infection following pyelonephritis and septicaemia. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1998; 29:635-8. [PMID: 9571751 DOI: 10.3109/00365549709035912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a well-known cause of lower urinary tract infections. Systemic infections caused by this organism are less common, but have increased dramatically in recent years. Prosthesis infection caused by C. glabrata is extremely rare. We report a case of prosthesis failure due to C. glabrata 5 y after candidaemia and pyelonephritis caused by this organism. The same C. glabrata strain was isolated from both infections, as confirmed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method.
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206
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Sätherberg A, Johansson L. Photonuclear production in tissue for different 50 MV bremsstrahlung beams. Med Phys 1998; 25:683-8. [PMID: 9608479 DOI: 10.1118/1.598238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Calculations of photonuclear production in "tissue approximation" and the relative heavy particle dose to photon dose at dose maximum in water have been performed. Different 50 MV spectra based on a scanned beam technique to produce flat photon fields were used. These spectra were calculated with the Monte Carlo method and correspond to different target configurations and scan patterns. Photonuclear cross sections of neutron, proton, and alpha production for oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are taken from the literature. Activation measurements using a HpGe detector have been used to verify the calculations. The relative heavy particle dose to photon dose was found to be 0.30%-0.42%, depending on the spectra used, and the estimated uncertainty was 20%. A relative biological effect (RBE) of 1.01-1.03 in "tissue approximation" for 50 MV were estimated using a RBE for neutron and protons of 2-5 and 4-10 for alpha particles.
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207
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Bergström K, Halling A, Huggare J, Johansson L. Treatment difficulty and treatment outcome in orthodontic care. Eur J Orthod 1998; 20:145-57. [PMID: 9633168 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/20.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of perceived treatment difficulty on the outcome of and investment in orthodontic treatment was studied in 19-year-old individuals treated by general practitioners or specialists within the totally subventioned Swedish system for orthodontic care. A total of 313 individuals were evaluated according to treatment outcome and treatment investment. About one-quarter of the treatments evaluated were classified as easy, one-quarter as moderately difficult, and one-half as difficult. The perceived treatment difficulty was on a group basis associated with the pretreatment need. The treatment outcome became less favourable and the treatment investment more expensive the greater the perceived difficulty. More than one-quarter of the treatments provided by general practitioners were classified as difficult compared with three-quarters of those provided by specialists. The outcomes were, in general, more favourable for specialist treatments than for those provided by general practitioners, although the individuals treated by specialists, on the average, were classified as more difficult than those provided by general practitioners. Easy treatments were found to be extremely cost-effective and should be carried out when possible. General practitioners should preferably treat uncomplicated cases, and an increased use of fixed appliances would be desirable in the treatment of moderately difficult treatments. Difficult cases should be treated exclusively by specialists. Cases with little need or benefit of treatment, or a poor prognosis should be given low treatment priority, and patients and parents should in these cases be informed about the small expected benefit and risks involved.
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208
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Bjørnerud A, Wendland MF, Johansson L, Ahlstrom HK, Higgins CB, Oksendal A. Use of intravascular contrast agents in MRI. Acad Radiol 1998; 5 Suppl 1:S223-5. [PMID: 9561086 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(98)80111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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209
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Haglund Å, Johansson L, Dahlstedt L. Sensory Evaluation of Wholemeal Bread from Ecologically and Conventionally Grown Wheat. J Cereal Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1006/jcrs.1997.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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210
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Ullén A, Sandström P, Rossi Norrlund R, Rathsman S, Johansson L, Riklund Ahlström K, Hietala SO, Stigbrand T. Dosimetry of fractionated administration of 125I-labeled antibody at experimental radioimmunotargeting. Cancer 1997; 80:2510-8. [PMID: 9406704 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971215)80:12+<2510::aid-cncr25>3.3.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy of solid tumors is preferably performed in fractionated doses. Conversely, radioimmunotherapy with nuclide-carrying antibodies delivers a continuously decreasing low dose rate during a longer time period after a single injection. In the current study, the same total amount of 125I-labeled anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was administrated in one, three, or ten injections and the dosimetry was evaluated. METHODS Three groups of nude mice (10 mice each) with HeLa Hep 2 xenografts were injected with 1 x 100 microg/22.2 megabecquerel (MBq), 3 x 33 microg/7.4 MBq, and 10 x 10 microg/2.22 MBq 125I-labeled TS1 MoAb, respectively. The mice were examined scintigraphically over a 54-day period (total number of radio immunoscintigraphies (RISs) = approximately 700) and doses to tumor and normal tissues were estimated according to the medical internal radiation dose formalism. RESULTS A single bolus injection caused higher tumor uptake, tumor dose, and tumor to nontumor dose ratio than administration of the same total dose of antibody and radioactivity in three or ten separate injections. The single bolus injection caused a tenfold higher tumor uptake (% injected dose, or ID) compared with the group receiving ten injections. This caused a tumor dose of 17 gray to the group receiving a single bolus injection. CONCLUSIONS In this antigen target system, a single injection of a large amount of antibody was found to be more efficient than the same antibody dose subdivided into three or ten fractions. It was concluded that not only the radioactivity but also the amount of antibody per fraction should be considered when determining optimal fractionated radioimmunotherapy.
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211
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Rydh A, Riklund Ahlström K, Widmark A, Johansson L, Nilsson S, Bergh A, Damber JE, Stigbrand T, Hietala SO. Radioimmunoscintigraphy with a novel monoclonal antiprostate antibody (E4): an experimental study in nude mice. Cancer 1997; 80:2398-403. [PMID: 9406689 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971215)80:12+<2398::aid-cncr10>3.3.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men, despite achievements in diagnosis and therapy. Radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy of malignant tumors have demonstrated increasing potential and may become useful tools in the management of prostate cancer. METHODS Nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with cells from the poorly differentiated human prostate cancer cell line DU-145. The intact monoclonal antibody (MoAb) E4 and an intact anticytokeratin-8 MoAb, TS1, used for comparison were labeled with 125I and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) in the mice. Repetitive quantitative scintigraphic recordings were performed during 1 month. The mice were killed at Day 29 after injection of the radiolabeled MoAb. The tumors and the organs were dissected and weighed. The remaining activity was measured in a gamma well counter. One part of the tumor was immediately fixed in Bouin's solution for autoradiography and the other in formaldehyde for microscopy. RESULTS The study demonstrated significant radioimmunolocalization of the MoAb E4 into the DU-145 prostate tumor tissue in the animal model, with an average radiation dose of 0.08 Gy/MBq in the tumor. TS1 localized preferentially in necrotic parts of the tumor, yielding a tumor dose of 0.02 Gy/MBq. CONCLUSIONS The MoAb E4 is a promising radiotracer for prostate cancer and may be used in radioimmunotherapy. As in earlier studies, TS1 shows significant radioimmunolocalization into necrotic tumor tissue, which also exists in prostate cancer.
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212
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Rossi Norrlund R, Ullén A, Sandström P, Holback D, Johansson L, Stigbrand T, Hietala SO, Riklund Ahlström K. Dosimetry of fractionated experimental radioimmunotargeting with idiotypic and anti-idiotypic anticytokeratin antibodies. Cancer 1997; 80:2681-8. [PMID: 9406725 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971215)80:12+<2681::aid-cncr46>3.3.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated injections of iodine-125 (125I)-labeled tumor targeting anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (TS1) and a nonlabeled antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody against TS1 (alphaTS1) were compared with a single injection of the radiolabeled TS1 in experimental radioimmunotargeting. Anti-TS1 was used to remove nontargeting TS1. METHODS Nude mice were inoculated with HeLa Hep2 cells. The animals in Group A received a single injection of 13 MBq 125I-labeled TS1. The animals in Group B received four injections of 125I-labeled TS1 (8-13 MBq) followed by alphaTS1 24 hours later, at 2-week intervals. The mean absorbed doses were calculated according to the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee criteria based on repetitive radioimmunoscintigraphies during an observation period of 59 days. RESULTS A 11 gray (Gy) mean dose to the tumor and 2 Gy to the whole body was achieved in Group A. Mean peak tumor uptake of 5% of the injected dose (ID), corresponding to 14% ID/g, was observed on Day 17 after a single injection of the labeled monoclonal antibody. A mean peak tumor uptake of the same order of magnitude was seen in Group B. An absolute increase in the tumor uptake was observed in Group B during the entire observation period. The mean absorbed dose to the tumors was 11 Gy at the end of the observation period, whereas the whole body dose was only 2.5 Gy in Group B. Autoradiography of the tumors at the end of the observation period confirmed an intensive heterogeneous accumulation of activity in the entire tumor. CONCLUSIONS The fractionated strategy can contribute to a significant accumulation of radiolabeled TS1 in the tumors. Furthermore, the use of alphaTS1 makes it possible to increase the tumor-to-nontumor dose ratio and maintain a prolonged high activity accumulation in the tumor.
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213
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Rossi Norrlund R, Ullén A, Sandström P, Holback D, Johansson L, Stigbrand T, Hietala SO, Riklund Ahlström K. Experimental radioimmunotargeting combining nonlabeled, iodine-125-labeled, and anti-idiotypic anticytokeratin monoclonal antibodies: a dosimetric evaluation. Cancer 1997; 80:2689-98. [PMID: 9406726 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19971215)80:12+<2689::aid-cncr47>3.3.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preinjection of a nonlabeled tumor targeting anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (TS1) and postinjection of an anti-idiotypic anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (alphaTS1) were evaluated separately and in combination to investigate their effects on the accumulation of iodine-125 (125I)-labeled TS1 in experimental radioimmunotargeting. TS1 targets deposited extracellular cytokeratin 8 from necrotic tumor cells. METHODS Nude mice were inoculated with HeLa Hep 2 cells. Four different groups were followed with 504 repetitive quantitative radioimmunoscintigraphic recordings during a 78-day observation period. The absorbed doses were calculated according to criteria of the Medical International Radiation Dose Committee. RESULTS As much as 2% of the injected dose (ID) of 125I-labeled TS1 accumulated in the tumor, and the peak tumor uptake was recorded as late as Day 30 after the injection of 125I-labeled TS1. Anti-TS1 caused a rapid decrease in the whole body activity. The highest tumor-to-nontumor activity ratios were obtained when a pre-injection of nonlabeled TS1 was combined with a postinjection of alphaTS1. The mean absorbed dose in tumor per unit activity administered was 0.44 gray/megabecquerel (Gy/MBq) and in nontumor tissues 0.15 Gy/MBq after a single injection of 125I-TS1. The efficacy was 0.34 Gy/MBq in tumor and 0.1 Gy/MBq in nontumor tissues after a combination of preinjection of nonlabeled TS1 and postinjection of nonlabeled alphaTS1. This indicates a 20% increase in tumor doses compared with a single injection of labeled TS1. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms an extensive accumulation of TS1 in the tumor, with peak values as late as 30 days after injection of labeled TS1. Furthermore, both preinjection of nonlabeled TS1 and postinjection of alphaTS1 can improve radioimmunotargeting.
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214
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Wesseling C, Hogstedt C, Picado A, Johansson L. Unintentional fatal paraquat poisonings among agricultural workers in Costa Rica: report of 15 cases. Am J Ind Med 1997; 32:433-41. [PMID: 9327065 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199711)32:5<433::aid-ajim1>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the exposure circumstances of 15 fatal occupational paraquat poisonings. To evaluate the potential danger of dermal absorption and the amount needed to produce a fatal outcome in the event of oral intake, we reviewed the medical records and autopsy protocols and interviewed relatives. Five fatalities were due to ingestion of a mouthful of paraquat concentrate, and five to intake of a smaller amount; three cases were associated with dermal exposure, and in two, there was no evidence of either oral or dermal exposure. Several cases concerned diluted paraquat spray. The clinical and pathomorphological findings, including a "blinded" evaluation of lung slides, were consistent with paraquat poisoning in all cases. Difficulties in establishing the diagnosis and recognizing the exposure were identified, as well as classification of unintentional poisonings as suicides at autopsy. The findings suggest that paraquat may cause fatal poisonings by ingestion of small amounts, by dermal absorption of diluted paraquat, and possibly by inhalation. More conclusive studies are warranted.
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215
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Engström M, Abdsaleh S, Ahlström H, Johansson L, Stålberg E, Jonsson L. Serial Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Assessment of Facial Nerve Function in Bell's Palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 117:559-66. [PMID: 9374184 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59989770031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eleven patients with mild or moderate acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy, so-called Bell's palsy, were serially examined by gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI on mean days 11, 40, and 97 (third examination, n = 10) after the onset of palsy. Results of the clinical and neurophysiologic assessment of facial nerve function were compared with the gadolinium-enhanced MRI findings. Eight of the 11 patients demonstrated contrast enhancement of the facial nerve at the initial examination, but in 7 of them, the enhancement had disappeared by the time of the serial follow-up gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans. The disappearance of facial nerve enhancement was found to be related to clinical and neurophysiologic improvements in facial nerve function during recovery from Bell's palsy. The three patients whose scans were negative at the initial gadolinium-enhanced MRI examination had the same clinical severity of palsy, but initially they had milder neurophysiologic involvement than those who demonstrated enhancement; these three patients did not exhibit enhancement at serial follow-up scans. These findings indicate that the presence of enhancement at the initial MRI scan is not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis for recovery.
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216
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Norum KR, Johansson L, Botten G, Bjørneboe GE, Oshaug A. Nutrition and food policy in Norway: effects on reduction of coronary heart disease. Nutr Rev 1997; 55:S32-9. [PMID: 9420460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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217
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Engström M, Abdsaleh S, Ahlström H, Johansson L, Stålberg E, Jonsson L. Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and assessment of facial nerve function in Bell's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997. [PMID: 9374184 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven patients with mild or moderate acute idiopathic peripheral facial palsy, so-called Bell's palsy, were serially examined by gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced MRI on mean days 11, 40, and 97 (third examination, n = 10) after the onset of palsy. Results of the clinical and neurophysiologic assessment of facial nerve function were compared with the gadolinium-enhanced MRI findings. Eight of the 11 patients demonstrated contrast enhancement of the facial nerve at the initial examination, but in 7 of them, the enhancement had disappeared by the time of the serial follow-up gadolinium-enhanced MRI scans. The disappearance of facial nerve enhancement was found to be related to clinical and neurophysiologic improvements in facial nerve function during recovery from Bell's palsy. The three patients whose scans were negative at the initial gadolinium-enhanced MRI examination had the same clinical severity of palsy, but initially they had milder neurophysiologic involvement than those who demonstrated enhancement; these three patients did not exhibit enhancement at serial follow-up scans. These findings indicate that the presence of enhancement at the initial MRI scan is not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis for recovery.
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218
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Johansson L, Sohn D, Thorberg SO, Jackson DM, Kelder D, Larsson LG, Rényi L, Ross SB, Wallsten C, Eriksson H, Hu PS, Jerning E, Mohell N, Westlind-Danielsson A. The pharmacological characterization of a novel selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor antagonist, NAD-299. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 283:216-25. [PMID: 9336327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological properties of a novel selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist, NAD-299 [(R)-3-N,N-dicyclobutylamino-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-5-carboxamide hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate monohydrate] were examined in vitro and in vivo and compared with the reference 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, WAY-100635 [N-(2-(1-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-yl))ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride]. The new compound had high affinity for 5-HT1A receptors in vitro with a Ki value of 0.6 nM. The only other receptors for which NAD-299 had affinity less than 1 microM were alpha-1 and beta adrenoceptors with Ki values of 260 and 340 nM, respectively. Thus, the selectivity of NAD-299 for 5-HT1A receptors was more than 400 times. WAY-100635 had considerably higher affinity than NAD-299 for alpha-1 adrenoceptors (Ki = 45 nM) and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors (Ki = 79 and 67 nM, respectively). Like WAY-100635, NAD-299 competitively blocked 5-HT-induced inhibition of vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated cAMP production in GH4ZD10 cells and had no intrinsic activity. Both compounds were therefore 5-HT1A receptor antagonists in vitro and also behaved as such in in vivo experiments. Thus, they competitively antagonized the 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin-induced 5-HT behavioral effects, hypothermia, corticosterone secretion and inhibition of passive avoidance behavior without causing any actions of their own. The effective dose of NAD-299 varied between 0.03 and 0.35 micromol/kg s.c., depending on the test and the dose of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin.
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Cronhjort M, Johansson L, Jacobsson H. Hydration does not influence the image quality in bone scintigraphy: an investigation using 99Tcm-HDP. Nucl Med Commun 1997; 18:932-6. [PMID: 9392794 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-199710000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the possibility that the increased diuresis caused by hydration leads to enhanced renal excretion of radiotracer and thereby increases the target-to-background activity ratio and improves the image quality in bone scintigraphy. The study was carried out using paired comparisons in 10 healthy volunteers. Whole-body antero-posterior and postero-anterior acquisitions were obtained for 4 h after the administration of 99Tcm-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate with and without hydration. The bone-to-soft tissue activity ratio was semi-quantified by comparing regions of interest acquired from geometrical means of the acquisitions. Hydration was performed by slowly drinking 1.5 litres of water after administration of the tracer. Hydration induced a slight enhancement of excretion of the activity, but it had no effect on the bone-to-soft tissue activity ratio, nor did it influence image quality. We conclude that hydration could be avoided when it is cumbersome for the patient. However, as hydration reduces the radiation dose to the urinary bladder wall, which is the critical organ, hydration should be maintained in younger patients.
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Lerner UH, Johansson L, Ranjsö M, Rosenquist JB, Reinholt FP, Grubb A. Cystatin C, and inhibitor of bone resorption produced by osteoblasts. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1997; 161:81-92. [PMID: 9381954 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1997.d01-1933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human cystatin C on bone resorption, enzyme release, osteoclast generation, bone cell proliferation and bone matrix protein biosynthesis have been examined in different in vitro systems. The effects of cystatin C were compared with those of calcitonin and E 64 (trans-Epoxysuccinyl-L-leucyl-amido-(4-guanidino)butane). Recombinant human cystatin C and E 64 dose dependently inhibited the mobilization of 45Ca and the release of 3H (from [3H]-proline-labelled bones) in mouse calvariae stimulated to resorb by parathyroid hormone (PTH) or 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3. Cystatin C and E 64 also inhibited the release of 45Ca from bones stimulated by thrombin, interleukin-1 and prostaglandin E2. In PTH-stimulated bones, the inhibitory action of cystatin C and E 64 on 45Ca release was observed after 6-9 h, whereas the inhibitory effect on 3H release was seen after just 2 h. In contrast, calcitonin caused an inhibition of both 45Ca and 3H release which was seen after 2 h. The PTH-stimulated release of the lysosomal enzymes was not affected by cystatin C and E 64, whereas calcitonin caused a significant inhibition. In contrast to calcitonin, cystatin C did not affect PTH-stimulated enhancement of osteoclast generation in the mouse calvariae. Using Western blot analysis and radioimmunoassay, we demonstrated that mouse calvarial bones and MC3T3-E1 cells produce cystatin C. These data show that cystatin C is synthesized by bone cells and that recombinant human cystatin C inhibits bone resorption in vitro without affecting bone cell proliferation, bone matrix formation or osteoclast generation. The mechanism seems to be due primarily to inhibition of the activity of osteoclastic proteolytic enzymes released into the resorption lacunae.
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Abstract
Sweden has a regionally based, publicly operated and financed, national health care system. Implementation of policy and the provision of health care has been the responsibility of the county council. In 1992, the major responsibility and resources for care of the elderly was transferred to the municipalities. The start of this reform, unintentionally, coincided with an economic recession which caused additional difficulties for the financing of the present level of public services generally. This development, in combination with innovations in health care technology, resulted in a rapid decentralisation of certain elderly care services from acute care settings.
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Lindén C, Ewers SB, Johansson L, Lillo-Gil R, Hambraeus G. 296 A strong histopathological tumour response in the resected tumour after induction therapy in stage IIIAB non-small cell bronchial carcinoma (NSCLC) is associated with a favourable long-term survival. Lung Cancer 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(97)89678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Johansson L, Solvoll K, Opdahl S, Bjørneboe GE, Drevon CA. Response rates with different distribution methods and reward, and reproducibility of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51:346-53. [PMID: 9192190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the use of a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ) in a national dietary survey concerning (a) response rates with different distribution methods and reward; (b) degree of underreporting of energy intake; (c) reproducibility of the QFFQ; and (d) seasonal variation on reported intake. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A pilot study was performed in 1992 to test response rates to the QFFQ with three different distribution methods, with and without reward, in a random sample of 1200 adults aged 16-79 y. In another study, the QFFQ was distributed to a nation-wide, representative random sample of 5008 adults aged 16-79 y during June, September, November 1993 and March 1994. Reproducibility was evaluated among 90 responders to the survey who answered another QFFQ six weeks later. RESULTS The distribution method combining postal distribution and collecting the QFFQ by interviewer as well as an offer to participate in a lottery, gave the highest response rate (72%). The possibility to get a reward increased the response rate by 9, 14 and 57%, respectively, depending on the distribution method used. The mean daily energy intake and the percentage of subjects claiming to have unlikely low energy intake did not differ significantly between the different ways of distribution. In the main survey the mean ratio between energy intake and estimated basal metabolic rate was 1.58 among men and 1.47 among women, and 37% of men and 45% of women had a ratio below 1.35. Spearman rank correlations between the two QFFQ ranged from 0.48 (edible fats) to 0.91 (coffee) with a median coefficient of 0.70. For nutrients correlations ranged from 0.55 (carbohydrate E%) to 0.81 (alcohol), with a median coefficient of 0.72. The season of questionnaire administration was of minor importance for the reported intake of the main foods and nutrients. CONCLUSIONS The QFFQ-method is suitable for use in a Norwegian nutritional surveillance system. SPONSORSHIP National Nutrition Council, Ministry for Agriculture, Ministry for Health and Social Affairs and Norwegian Research Council.
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Carlsson L, Ronquist G, Stridsberg M, Johansson L. Motility stimulant effects of prostasome inclusion in swim-up medium on cryopreserved human spermatozoa. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1997; 38:215-21. [PMID: 9140618 DOI: 10.3109/01485019708994880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The chance of obtaining a fertilization and establishing a pregnancy increases with the number of motile spermatozoa that can reach and interact with the oocyte after the time of insemination. In an attempt to increase the recovery of freeze-thawed and motile spermatozoa, the swim-up medium was supplemented with prostasomes and some other effectors. Swim-up media supplemented with prostasomes were superior in comparison to the other effectors investigated in the recovery of motile spermatozoa for insemination. These results suggest that prostasome inclusion in swim-up medium might be of benefit in improving results in assisted reproductive technologies using freeze-thawed spermatozoa.
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Lundgren P, Johansson L, Englund C, Sellström A, Mattsson MO. Expression pattern of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the developing cortex of the embryonic chick brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 1997; 15:127-37. [PMID: 9099623 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(96)00068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the GABAergic system in the chick embryo telencephalon has been studied. Special emphasis was placed on the development of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) between embryonic day 8 (E8) and E17. The GABA immunoreactivity and neuron-specific enolase expression was detected simultaneously in glutardialdehyde fixed sections, which confirmed that GABAergic cells exhibit neuronal phenotype. The GAD expression was studied by means of immunohistochemistry on cryo-sectioned material both at the light and electron microscopic levels. Furthermore, the presence and localization of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs were studied with an in situ hybridization technique with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. Protein expression as well as mRNA appearance mostly coincided both temporally and spatially. In the parahippocampal area, as well as in other regions of the developing cortex, GAD staining was seen from E8 onwards. The number of positive cells increased as did the intensity of staining up to E14. As observed in the electron microscope, the GAD protein was co-localized with GABA in most cases, although some GAD-positive cells devoid of GABA-staining also were observed. The pattern of GAD mRNA expression was in general similar to that of GAD immunostaining. Both GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA were detected during the entire period. Furthermore, GAD67 mRNA localization spatially was more correlated with GAD protein expression. The study provides evidence for the notion that development of the GABAergic system occurs rapidly during embryogenesis and, as suggested from mRNA data, that two forms of GAD with slight difference in distribution can contribute to this.
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