Reactions directed towards the synthesis of 5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-isopropylcyclohexanone

Reduction of perillaldehyde by lithium in ammonia gives products the structures of which depend on reaction conditions. Shisool (p-menth-8- en-7-ol) undergoes double-bond migration in the presence of acids. The corresponding aldehyde, with dimethylsulfonium methylide, forms an oxiran which is comparatively unreactive, double-bond rearrangement or reduction accompanying the opening of the oxiran. The conversion of shisool into 5-(β-hydroxyethyl)-2-isopropylcyclohexanone was frustrated by only partial migration of the double bond.

Transmembrane bone morphogenesis across multiple-walled diffusion chambers. New evidence for a diffusible bone morphogenetic property

Bone generation and regeneration are associated with a bone morphogen that recruits mesenchymal cells for differentiation into bone. Experiments with particulate bone matrix gelatin implanted in multiple-walled diffusion chambers suggest that bone morphogen is a rapidly diffusible molecule, and consists of a noncollagenous bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). When particulate bone matrix gelatin is implanted inside of diffusion chambers constructed of two to five membranes, ranging from 300 to 750 cu micronm in total thickness, large deposits of bone develop on the outside. The volumes of the deposits of new bone are inversely proportional to the thickness (or distance) of transmission of the BMP. Transmission for long distances through interstitial fluid can be accounted for by a low molecular mass hydrophobic BMP, disseminated according to the laws of diffusion.

Annelation of organoboranes derived from geraniol

Alicyclic products have been obtained from geraniol derivatives in four ways: carbonylation of the intermediate borane either by treatment with carbon monoxide under pressure or by rearrangement of the cyanoborate under the influence of an electrophilic reagent; coupling under the influence of alkaline silver nitrate or by rearrangement of the bromo derivative obtained by photochemical bromination. The methods are compared and the nature of the products studied.