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Gao R, Wei Y, Cui C. [The measurement of QT dispersion using wavelet transformation]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 1999; 16:46-9. [PMID: 12553275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper addressed the application of wavelet to the measurement of QT dispersion and presented a new method using multi-thresholds to determinate the end point of T-wave. The results geined by computer and human were compared. We also suggested that QT dispersion be defined as the SD of 12 QT intervals.
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Deng J, Wu DZ, Gao R. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 1999; 15:17-21. [PMID: 12579655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the vitreous of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to investigate the possible role of VEGF in the development of neovascularization in PDR. METHODS Undiluted vitreous samples and fasting venous blood samples were obtained from 27 patients with PDR and 14 subjects with idiopathic macular hole who underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The concentration of VEGF was determined by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The level of vitreous VEGF in patients with PDR (median 0.41 ng/ml, range 0.09-11.56 ng/ml) was significantly elevated when compared with that in control subjects (median 0.017 ng/ml, range 0.008-0.04 ng/ml) (P < 0.001). The median of PDR patients' serum VEGF concentration was 0.19 ng/ml (0.090.46 ng/ml) which was far lower than vitreous VEGF concentration (P < 0.05). Vitreous VEGF concentration was higher in PDR patients with retinal detachment than that in patient without retinal detachment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitreous levels of VEGF were remarkably elevated in eyes with PDR, and they were not influenced by its serum concentrations. VEGF played an important role in neovascularization of PDR.
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Dai J, Gao R, Chen J, Yao K, Yang Y, Qiao S, Qin X. [The clinical features of myocardial infarction in patients younger than 35 years and over 45 years of age]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 1999; 38:104-6. [PMID: 11798636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical features and the characteristics of coronary angiography in young patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS 27 patients younger than 35 years with myocardial infarction were studied with respect to their history, habit of smoking and drinking and body weight index. Comparison was made between the left ventricular ejection fraction with ultrasound method and X-ray heart/chest ratio in patients with or without thrombolytic therapy. Selective coronary angiography was performed in 23 of the 27 patients. RESULTS All of the 27 patients were male. 81.5% of them had smoking index more than 100, 55.5% drinking index more than 150, 51.9% family history of hypertension and 72.2% low blood level of HDL cholesterol. Most of the cardiac accidents took place in the night and morning. 17.4% of the patients had angiographically normal coronary arteries and 30.0% mild stenosis (no significant stenosis). 39.1%, 8.7% and 4.4% of the patients had one-vessel, two-vessel and three- vessel disease respectively. The frequency of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.5 was 6.0% in patients with thrombolytic therapy and 33.3% without. CONCLUSION 47.8% of the patients younger than 35 years with myocardial infarction has no or no significant stenosis of the coronary arteries. Heavy smoking is the most important one of relative factors for young patients with myocardial infarction. Other factors include low blood level of HDL cholesterol, drinking index of more than 150 and family history of hypertension in order. Thrombolysis treatment helps to maintain ventricular performance.
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Yu X, Lu F, Zheng B, Huang T, Gao R, Liu C, Hong Q. [Effects of humic acid on lipid peroxidation in arsenosis prevalent areas]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 1999; 33:26-9. [PMID: 11864451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the causes of blackfoot disease in Taiwan. METHODS Experiments to induce lipid peroxidation by arsenic and humic acid were made in vitro. Arsenic was determined for the water sampled from the arsenosis prevalent areas in Inner Mongolia and blackfoot disease prevalent areas in Taiwan and humic acid determined for the extracts of the coal rich in arsenic sampled from Guizhou Province in China by MDA-TBA colorimetry. RESULTS Experiments found that humic acid could induce lipid peroxidation caused by sodium salt of unsaturated fatty acids in vitro in a weak and unstable manner, which could be promoted by 0.05 mmol/L of Fe(+ +) and not by 1 mmol/L As(2)O(3). The extent of lipid peroxidation caused depended on the sources, constituents and structure of humic acid samples, those from Inner Mongolia ranked the highest, those from Guizhou and Taiwan the medium and the commercial humic acid (Aldrich Co. in the US) the lowest. The experiments also found that lipid peroxidation caused by commercial humic acid presented a dynamic process in the existence of trace amount of iron, and humic acid could decompose the products of lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION The experiments suggested the relations of humic acid and arsenic to iron and other transition elements in the blackfoot disease prevalent areas and areas with an environment rich in arsenic and humic acid.
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Gao R, Jin J, Niu Y. [Potentiated effects of total saponins of Panax Ginseng on inhibition of leukemic cells by cytotoxic drugs]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG XI YI JIE HE ZA ZHI ZHONGGUO ZHONGXIYI JIEHE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED TRADITIONAL AND WESTERN MEDICINE 1999; 19:17-9. [PMID: 11783253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potentiated effects of total saponins of Panax Ginseng (TSPG) on inhibition of leukemic progenitor cells by cytotoxic drugs in acute myelocytic leukemia. METHODS Using bone marrow culture of colony forming unite-acute myeloid leukemia (CFU-AML) method, the sensitivity of leukemic cells obtained from 18 patients to homoharringtonin (HHr), cytarabine (Ara), adriamycin (Adr) and etoposide (VP-16) were detected separately. RESULTS TSPG alone (20 micrograms/ml) could stimulate proliferation of CFU-AML obviously, and increase the colony numbers by 37.98% over the non-TSPG control (P < 0.01). In the presence of TSPG, the inhibition rates of CFU-AML of HHr, Ara, Adr and VP-16 were 51.2%-62.0% respectively, which were significantly higher than 30.4%-47.4% of non-TSPG control (all P < 0.01). In the combination of TSPG with cytotoxic drugs, the leukemic progenitor cells became more sensitive to cytotoxic drugs, CFU-AML colony numbers at 1.84-2.23 fold as more as those of non-TSPG control were inhibited by HHr, Ara, Adr and VP-16. Sensitivity test of 17 among 72 drugs reversed from resistant (suppression rate less than 30%) to sensitive (suppression rate more than 30%) by TSPG. CONCLUSIONS TSPG could drive non-cycling leukemic progenitors to enter cell cycle, and thereby enhance their susceptibility to cytotoxic drugs.
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Li G, Wu L, Gao R, Wu D. [The study of ultrastructure of retinal pigment epithelium of transplantation]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1999; 35:50-1, 2. [PMID: 11835776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ultrastructure of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for the base of clinical application. METHODS Pigmented rabbit RPE was transplanted to the subretinal space of 10 unpigmented rabbits by internal route. The ultrastructure of transplanted RPE cells were observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS The transplantation of RPE was successful. It was shown that the transplanted cells had polarity and attached to Bruch's membrane to form basal infoldings, and the relationships between transplanted cells and the host photoreceptors were also seen. CONCLUSIONS The internal approach is a practical and useful method for transplantation of RPE. The transplanted RPE can vitalize, perform metabolism and form some normal ultrastructure.
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Gao R, Koeppen C, Zheng G, Garito AF. Effects of chromophore dissociation on the optical properties of rare-Earth-doped polymers. APPLIED OPTICS 1998; 37:7100-7106. [PMID: 18301532 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.007100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The observed dissociation of tetrakis rare-earth chromophores in rare-earth-doped organic polymers is reported, and a time-resolved spectroscopic technique is presented to determine quantitatively the fractional concentrations of different chromophore species in various solvents. Based on this technique, the equilibrium constants of tetrakis rare-earth chromophores in rare-earth-doped polymers are determined. Thus, the equilibrium constants for tetrakis rare-earth compounds of benzoyltrifluoroacetonate (BTF), for example, Sm(BTF)(4)P and Eu(BTF)(4)P in methyl methacrylate monomer, are K = 4.7 ? 0.5 x 10(-4) M and K = 1.2 ? 0.5 x 10(-4) M, respectively. In contrast, the tetrakis rare-earth compounds of hexafluoroacetylacetonate (HFA), for example, Sm(HFA)(4)Net(4) and Eu(HFA)(4)Net(4), are quite stable and show no evidence of dissociation. We further characterize the dissociation of several chromophore systems and discuss the influence such dissociation has on overall optical performance. The results enable determination of optimal doping concentrations as well as preferred rare-earth chromophore preparation and doped polymer fabrication procedures.
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Guan X, Chen J, Huang Z, Tang Y, Gao R. Batch fermentation and optimization of media for Bacillus thuringiensis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 1998; 14:45-51. [PMID: 9759545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition of No. II medium obtained with shaking cultivation contained three factors: nitrogen source, carbon source, and inorganic salts. The relationship between component factors (x(i)) of the media and spore numbers (y) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was demonstrated by the orthogonal-rotation-combination test. A response surface equation was formed as follows: y = 384 - 7.245x1 + 11.705x2 + 15.475x3 + 14.039x1(2) + 41.831x2(2) - 79.49x3(2) - 35.375x1x2 - 3.375x1x3 - 106.625x2x3. The results showed that this method is simple, practical, and rapid enough for selecting fermentation media for Bt. In addition, the whole course of batch fermentation was also investigated.
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Zhou C, Yang C, Wang J, Gao R. [Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in herba Asari by GC]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1998; 23:588-90, 638. [PMID: 11599355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a theoretical guide for the production and application of Herba Asari. METHOD A GC method for multiresidue analysis was used. RESULT Fifteen samples of Herba Asari were detected with the method for the first time. The contents of organochlorine pesticide residues in most of the samples were under the Chinese national limits for grains and green vegetables (GB 2707-2763-81). The other samples were polluted seriously. CONCLUSION Some suggestions have been put forward to help keep down pesticide residue pollution in Chinese herbal medicines.
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Abstract
REVIEW The most important feature of an optical fiber waveguide is its bandwidth, which defines its information-carrying capacity. A major limitation on the bandwidth of multimode glass and plastic optical fibers is modal dispersion, in which different optical modes propagate at different velocities and the dispersion grows linearly with length. However, in plastic optical fibers, experimental and theoretical results indicate that the modes are not independent but are highly coupled, which leads to a characteristic square-root length dependence and an unanticipated large enhancement of the bandwidth to gigahertz levels. The ever increasing demands for low-cost, high-bandwidth communications media for voice, video, and data transmission in short- and medium-distance applications are generating a new assessment of multimode optical fibers to serve as high-speed fiber links.
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Gao R, Li L, Lu Z. Clinical observation on 300 cases of angina pectoris treated by the spleen-stomach regulating method. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1998; 18:87-90. [PMID: 10437220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Lu L, Gao R, Lin X. [The application of retinotomy and retinectomy for complicated retinal detachment]. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 1998; 14:94-6. [PMID: 12580041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the techniques, therapeutic effects, indications, complications and control of retinotomy and retinectomy for complicated retinal detachment. METHODS Based on the preliminary report of retinotomy and retinectomy, 36 eyes of 36 patients of complicated retinal detachment were operated on and followed-up for 3-12 months. The operative technique included buckling, vitrectomy, peeling, retinotomy and retinectomy, intraocular tamponade and laser treatment. RESULTS Retina was reattached in 32 eyes in operation. Retinal detachment was recurrent in 8 eyes in followed-up in which retina was reattached again in 3 eyes by second operation. The last successful rate was 75% (in 27 eyes). The visual acuity was worse than funger conter in 33 eyes and worse than 0.05 in 3 eyes before operation. The visual acuity was better than 0.05 in 20 eyes (55.5%) after operation. The complications included bleeding, retinotomy expanding, complicated cataract, hypotony and so on. CONCLUSION Retinotomy and retinectomy can improve the curative effect of complicated retinal detachment. But the complications of these operation were severe. The indications should be well controlled.
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Gao R, Zhang Y, Meng QX, Lee WH, Li DS, Xiong YL, Wang WY. Characterization of three fibrinogenolytic enzymes from Chinese green tree viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri) venom. Toxicon 1998; 36:457-67. [PMID: 9637365 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)00150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From the venom of Chinese green tree viper (Trimeresurus stejnegeri), three distinct fibrinogenolytic enzymes: stejnefibrase-1, stejnefibrase-2 and stejnefibrase-3, were purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance chromatography (HPLC). SDS-PAGE analysis of those three enzymes showed that they consisted of a single polypeptide chain with mol. wt of 50000, 31000 and 32000, respectively. Like TSV-PA (a specific plasminogen activator) and stejnobin (a fibrinogen-clotting enzyme) purified from the same venom, stejnefibrase-1, -2 and -3 were able to hydrolyze several chromogenic substrate. On the other hand, different from TSV-PA and stejnobin, stejnefibrase-1, -2 and -3 did not activate plasminogen and did not possess fibrinogen-clotting activity. The three purified enzymes directly degraded fibrinogen to small fragments and rendered it unclottable by thrombin. Stejnefibrase-2 degraded preferentially Bbeta-chain while stejnefibrase-1 and -3 cleaved concomitantly Aalpha and Bbeta-chains of fibrinogen. None of these proteases degraded the gamma-chain of fibrinogen. When correlated with the loss of clottability of fibrinogen, the most active enzyme was stejnefibrase-1. The activities of the three enzymes were inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB), indicating that like TSV-PA and stejnobin, they are venom serine proteases.
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Gopal S, Narasimhan U, Day JD, Gao R, Kasper EK, Chen CL, Cina S, Robertson AL, Hruban RH. The Quilty lesion enigma: focal apoptosis/necrosis and lymphocyte subsets in human cardiac allografts. Pathol Int 1998; 48:191-8. [PMID: 9589487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quilty lesions, as first described by Billingham in 1981, or 'Quilty Effect' (QE) are distinct endomyocardial mononuclear cell infiltrates that have been observed in human heart transplant recipients, as well as in experimental models of heart transplantation. In the present investigations, the pattern and extent of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and myocyte necrosis, as well as specific lymphocyte subsets in Quilty lesions was assessed. Endomyocardial biopsies obtained from 13 patients at 10-3362 days post-transplant were examined. Apoptosis, as identified by DNA nick end-labeling, was found in myocytes at the periphery of Quilty lesions in 11 of 13 cases (85%), and 'early' stages of myocyte necrosis, as demonstrated by specific staining with alpha light chain myosin monoclonal antibodies (mAb), was observed at the same sites in 10 of 13 cases (77%) of both Quilty type A and type B lesions. Apoptosis was not identified in the lymphocyte infiltrates of any of the lesions examined. Lymphocyte subsets were characterized using mAb for T cell receptor (CD3), for helper/inducer T cells (CD4), for cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD8) and for mature B cells (CD20). Immunostaining revealed separate clusters of T lymphocytes with less prevalent B cells within the Quilty lesions. CD4+ cells were found in larger numbers than CD8+ cells in all cases. Non-B, non-T large lymphocytes were occasionally present. Except for the extent of the cellular infiltrate, no major cytochemical lymphocyte distribution differences were found between Quilty type A and B lesions. Myocyte apoptosis and early necrosis at the periphery of Quilty lesions suggest that early myocyte injury occurring in B lesions may represent initial or 'abortive stages' of cardiac allograft rejection. Why these lesions do not progress to overt rejection indeed warrant further detailed studies.
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Yang Y, Gao R, Tian J, Xu Y, Chen Z, Yao K, Chen J. Beneficial effects of early coronary reperfusion on left ventricular remodeling and systolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111:142-6. [PMID: 10374375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the beneficial effects of early coronary reperfusion on left ventricular remodeling (LVRM) and systolic function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS Eighty-one patients with first AMI in the convalescent stage and having undergone left ventriculography (LVG) and coronary arteriography (CAG) were divided into four groups: the anterolateral wall (ALW) myocardial infarction (MI) non-reperfusion (n = 20) and reperfusion (n = 21), and inferoposterial wall (IPW) MI non-reperfusion (n = 20) and reperfusion (n = 20), according to infarct location and early treatment with or without successful coronary reperfusion therapy within 6 hours after onset of symptoms. By LVG, the parameters of LVRM and systolic function in the four MI groups were analyzed and compared with those in normal group (n = 25) and between the two reperfusion and non-reperfusion MI groups. RESULTS In both ALW and IPW MI non-reperfusion groups, the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV), circumference (EDC), short-axis dimension (EDD), short to long axis ratio (ED-D/L), sphericity index (ED-SI) and end-systolic volume (ESV) were all significantly increased (P < 0.01-0.001), while LV ejection fractions (LVEF) were significantly decreased (both P < 0.001) when compared with those of normal group; and the increase in ESV and decrease in LVEF were both significantly greater in ALW than in IPW MI groups (both P < 0.01). In both ALW and IPW MI reperfusion groups, however, the EDV, EDD, ESV, as well as the extent and severity of regional wall motion abnormality (RW-MA) were significantly smaller (P < 0.05-0.001), while LVEF were significantly higher (P < 0.01-0.001) when compared with those in the two non-reperfusion MI groups respectively. There were no longer significant differences in LVEF and ESV between ALW and IPW MI groups (both P > 0.05). The EDC in IPW MI reperfusion group and the ED-D/L and ED-SI in ALW MI reperfusion group were also significantly reduced compared with those in the two non-reperfusion MI groups respectively (P < 0.05-0.001). All the above parameters in the two reperfusion MI group were decreased to the normal in comparison with normal group except ESV and LVEF, and ED-D/L and ED-SI in IPW MI group. CONCLUSION It was indicated that in both ALW and IPW MI non-reperfusion groups, LVRM had occurred in convalescent stage of AMI with an increase in EDV and EDC, spherical change in LV shape, and accompanying reduction in LV systolic function; and early coronary reperfusion in AMI could reduce the extent and severity of RWMA, prevent from LV enlargement and remodeling, and preserve or improve LV systolic function with more prominence in ALW MI.
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Wennberg PO, Hanisco TF, Jaegle L, Jacob DJ, Hintsa EJ, Lanzendorf EJ, Anderson JG, Gao R, Keim ER, Donnelly SG, Negro LAD, Fahey DW, McKeen SA, Salawitch RJ, Webster CR, May RD, Herman RL, Proffitt MH, Margitan JJ, Atlas EL, Schauffler SM, Flocke F, McElroy CT, Bui TP. Hydrogen radicals, nitrogen radicals, and the production of O3 in the upper troposphere. Science 1998; 279:49-53. [PMID: 9417019 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5347.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of the hydrogen radicals OH and HO2 in the middle and upper troposphere were measured simultaneously with those of NO, O3, CO, H2O, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and with the ultraviolet and visible radiation field. The data allow a direct examination of the processes that produce O3 in this region of the atmosphere. Comparison of the measured concentrations of OH and HO2 with calculations based on their production from water vapor, ozone, and methane demonstrate that these sources are insufficient to explain the observed radical concentrations in the upper troposphere. The photolysis of carbonyl and peroxide compounds transported to this region from the lower troposphere may provide the source of HOx required to sustain the measured abundances of these radical species. The mechanism by which NO affects the production of O3 is also illustrated by the measurements. In the upper tropospheric air masses sampled, the production rate for ozone (determined from the measured concentrations of HO2 and NO) is calculated to be about 1 part per billion by volume each day. This production rate is faster than previously thought and implies that anthropogenic activities that add NO to the upper troposphere, such as biomass burning and aviation, will lead to production of more O3 than expected.
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Zhang Y, Gao R, Lee WH, Zhu SW, Xiong YL, Wang WY. Characterization of a fibrinogen-clotting enzyme from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom, and comparative study with other venom proteases. Toxicon 1998; 36:131-42. [PMID: 9604287 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)00050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom which contains TSV-PA (a specific plasminogen activator sharing 60-70% sequence homology with venom fibrinogen-clotting enzymes), also possesses fibrinogen-clotting activity in vitro. A fibrinogen-clotting enzyme (stejnobin) has been purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on a Mono-Q column. It is a single-chain glycoprotein with a mol. wt of 44,000. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of stejnobin shows great homology with venom fibrinogen-clotting enzymes and TSV-PA. Like TSV-PA, stejnobin was able to hydrolyse several chromogenic substrates. Comparative study of substrate specificities of stejnobin and other venom proteases purified in our laboratory was carried out on five chromogenic substrates. Stejnobin clotted human fibrinogen with a specific activity of 122 NIH thrombin-equivalent units/mg protein. However, stejnobin did not act on other blood coagulation factors, such as factor X, prothrombin and plasminogen. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride inhibited its activity, whereas ethylenediamine tetracetic acid had no effect on it, indicating that it is a serine protease. Although stejnobin showed strong immunological cross-reaction with polyclonal antibodies raised against TSV-PA, it was interesting to observe that, unlike the case of TSV-PA, these antibodies did not inhibit the amidolytic and fibrinogen-clotting activities of stejnobin.
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Zhang Y, Lee WH, Gao R, Xiong YL, Wang WY, Zhu SW. Effects of Pallas' viper (Agkistrodon halys pallas) venom on blood coagulation and characterization of a prothrombin activator. Toxicon 1998; 36:143-52. [PMID: 9604288 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)00057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The action of Pallas' viper (Agkistrodon halys pallas) venom on blood coagulation was examined in vitro and a strong anticoagulant effect was observed. This action was abolished after treatment with a specific inhibitor of phospholipase A2 activity (p-bromophenacyl bromide), revealing a procoagulant action in low concentrations of treated venom (around 1 microgram/ml). The effect of the venom on haemostasis was further characterized by measuring its ability to activate purified blood coagulation factors. It is concluded that A. halys pallas venom contains prothrombin activation activity. A prothrombin activator (aharin) was purified from the venom by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on a Mono-Q column. It consisted of a single polypeptide chain, with a mol. wt of 63,000. Purified aharin possessed no amidolytic activity on chromogenic substrates. It did not act on other blood coagulation factors, such as factor X and plasminogen, nor did it cleave or clot purified fibrinogen. The prothrombin activation activity of aharin was readily inhibited by ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (a metal chelator), but specific serine protease inhibitors such as diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride had no effect on it. These observations suggest that, like those prothrombin activators from Echis carinatus and Bothrops atrox venoms, the prothrombin activator from A. halys pallas venom is a metalloproteinase.
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Schulze A, Jiang M, Ryberg T, Gao R. Survey yields data on unique metamorphic rock complex in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98eo00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gao R. [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction]. ZHONGHUA NEI KE ZA ZHI 1997; 36:581-3. [PMID: 10436964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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221
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Du Y, Zhang Z, Gao R, Xu Y. [Effects of oxygen free radical on the pacemaker current if in sheep ventricular Purkinje fibers]. ZHONGGUO YING YONG SHENG LI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO YINGYONG SHENGLIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 13:234, 252. [PMID: 10074271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Zhang S, Gao R, Wu Q. [Pseudohypopyon after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage]. [ZHONGHUA YAN KE ZA ZHI] CHINESE JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 1997; 33:213-5. [PMID: 10437040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an uninfective hypopyon phenomenon after vitrectomy (pseudohypopyon). METHODS 1,250 cases (consecutive cases) who had undergone vitrectomy were collected. Among them, 418 cases were vitreous hemorrhage due to various disorders. Pseudohypopyon was found in 7 cases. All of them were the patients with vitreous hemorrhage. RESULTS Pseudohypopyon occurred in 3-5 days after vitrectomy, like precipitation of muddy sand; systemic and local treatment of antibiotic and steroid were not effective, intraocular centesis for smear and culture could not find any germs; and the patients were painless and no irritation in the eyes. The relatively effective method for this kind of hypopyon was paracentesis of anterior chamber and its natural absorption. After a follow-up period of 3 months, 3 cases obtained the vision above 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Pseudo-hypopyon might happen after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage, and it should be differentiated from infective ophthalmitis.
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Gao R, Wang W, Xiong Y, Lee W, Zhang Y. Study of a potent platelet-activating glycoprotein, TSVA, purified from the venom of Trimeresurus stejnegeri. Toxicon 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)84767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao R, Chen J, Yao K, Yao M, Yang Y, Qiao S, Qin X, Xu Y, Chen Z, Gu D. Long-term prognosis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 229 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1997; 110:269-73. [PMID: 9594226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and the factors affecting its efficacy in Chinese patients. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-nine patients who underwent successful PTCA in this institution were followed-up by direct interview or letters. The rate of follow-up was 95%. The period of follow-up were 0.5-8.4 (with mean of 2.3 +/- 1.8 years). RESULTS Angina Pectoris recurred in 76 (33.2%) of the patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that the relative risk of recurrence of angina pectoris was increased among the patients with triple vessel disease and with history of hypertension. During the period of follow-up, 2 (0.9%) patients died, 6 (2.6%) had non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, 4 (1.7%) had coronary artery bypass graft surgery and 29 (12.7%) had repeat PTCA. The cardiac event-free survival rate calculated by Kaplan-Meier method was 84.8% at the first year and 70.5% at the eighth year. Cox regression analysis revealed that there were positive correlation between the relative risks of cardiac events and stenosis of lesions before PTCA and residual stenosis of LAD after PTCA. CONCLUSION The long-term efficacy of PTCA in Chinese patients was good. The results of this study suggest that to decrease the residual stenosis of LAD during procedures could probably decrease the relative risk of cardiac events during follow-up.
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Liu S, Shao D, Gao H, Wei S, Niu J, Gao R. [Character of emergence for the seeds of Ephedra sinica]. ZHONG YAO CAI = ZHONGYAOCAI = JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS 1997; 20:163-5. [PMID: 12572449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The experimental results on the germinating of Ephedra sinica seeds and sowing show: the seeds of E. sinica are not sensitive to illumination, but very sensitive to humidity; the effects of soil, the depth of sowing and irrigation on emergence are very notable, but not remarkable to covering which can be used to prevent measure.
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