[Preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodiumorally in extraction of impacted teeth]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effectiveness of preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodium orally, which was a kind of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, in extractions of mandibular impacted third teeth.

METHODS

There were questionnaires about postoperative pain for patients whose mandibular impacted third teeth were extracted from July 2017 to August 2017 in First Clinical Division of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. All the patients did their routine clinical examinations and imaging examinations. After their mandibular impacted third teeth were extracted, the questionnaires were sent to them. The questionnaires were filled in by the patients on their own and returned one week later. There were 120 questionnaires that were sent and 105 questionnaires returned, of which 98 questionnaires were filled in completely. According to the inclusive criteria and exclusion criteria, 66 questionnaires were totally selected in this study. According to the time when the patients took their loxoprofen sodium orally firstly, the patients were divided into 3 groups. The first group was for patients who didn't take loxoprofen sodium during their extractions (non-medicine group). The second group was for patients who took 60 mg loxoprofen sodium 30 min before their extractions (preoperative group). The third group was for patients who took 60 mg loxoprofen sodium 30 min after their extractions (postoperative group). The operation time among the 3 groups was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis method. The postoperative time points were 2, 4, 12,24 and 48 h after operation. The scores of visual analogue scales (VAS) for postoperative pain in each group at different postoperative time points were analyzed by Friedman method. At each postoperative time point, VAS scores in the different groups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis me-thod. The numbers of the patients taking loxoprofen sodium home and drug adverse reactions were also analyzed.

RESULTS

The operation time of the 3 groups was 15.0 (5.0,30.0) min and had no significant differences (P=0.848).VAS scores of non-medicine group 2,4, 12,24 and 48 h after operation were 1.75 (0.1,10.0), 6.25 (1.5,10.0), 2.00 (0.1,8.0), 2.00 (0.1,6.0) and 0.5 (0.1,5.5) separately and had significant differences (P<0.001).The VAS score at 4 h after operation was higher than the VAS scores at other time points after operation (P<0.005). Four hours after the operations, the VAS scores of preoperative group [2.0 (0.1,10.0)] and postoperative group [2.0 (0.1,5.0)] were lower significantly than those of non-medicine group [6.25 (1.5,10.0)] (P<0.001).The numbers of the patients taking loxoprofen sodium home were 9(40.9%) in non-medicine group,5(21.8%) in preoperative group and 7(33.3%) in postoperative group. The number of the patients who had drug adverse reactions in preoperative group (n=3,13.0%) and in postoperative group (n=4,19.0%) was less than the number of the patients who had drug adverse reactions in non-medicine group (n=8,36.4%).

CONCLUSION

There were two protocols of preemptive analgesia with loxoprofen sodium orally in extractions of mandibular impacted third teeth, which were taking 60 mg loxoprofen sodium orally 30 min before the extractions and taking 60 mg loxoprofen sodium orally 30 min after the extractions. Both of the two preemptive analgesia protocols could decrease the postoperative pain significantly.

[Reconstruction of Vehicle-human Crash Accident and Injury Analysis Based on 3D Laser Scanning, Multi-rigid-body Reconstruction and Optimized Genetic Algorithm]

OBJECTIVES

To reconstruct a vehicle-bicycle-cyclist crash accident and analyse the injuries using 3D laser scanning technology, multi-rigid-body dynamics and optimized genetic algorithm, and to provide biomechanical basis for the forensic identification of death cause.

METHODS

The vehicle was measured by 3D laser scanning technology. The multi-rigid-body models of cyclist, bicycle and vehicle were developed based on the measurements. The value range of optimal variables was set. A multi-objective genetic algorithm and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm were used to find the optimal solutions, which were compared to the record of the surveillance video around the accident scene.

RESULTS

The reconstruction result of laser scanning on vehicle was satisfactory. In the optimal solutions found by optimization method of genetic algorithm, the dynamical behaviours of dummy, bicycle and vehicle corresponded to that recorded by the surveillance video. The injury parameters of dummy were consistent with the situation and position of the real injuries on the cyclist in accident.

CONCLUSIONS

The motion status before accident, damage process by crash and mechanical analysis on the injury of the victim can be reconstructed using 3D laser scanning technology, multi-rigid-body dynamics and optimized genetic algorithm, which have application value in the identification of injury manner and analysis of death cause in traffic accidents.

Effects of Different Selenium Sources on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Meat Quality of Local Chinese Subei Chickens

Despite increasing evidence indicating the essential involvement of selenium (Se) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of commercial broilers, the effects of different Se sources on local Chinese Subei chickens is unclear. A total of 360 50-day-old male chickens were individually weighed and randomly allocated to four treatment groups. Chickens in each of the four groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg as sodium Se (SS), Se-enriched yeast (SY), selenomethionine (Met-Se), or nano red element Se (Nano-Se) for 40 days. At the end of the experiment, one bird of approximately average weight from each cage was selected and slaughtered, and blood and breast muscles samples were collected. The results showed that there was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain, or feed to gain ratio among treatments (P > 0.05). Dietary SY, Met-Se, and Nano-Se supplementation increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum and breast muscles and decreased the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum and carbonyl in breast muscles compared with the SS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, SY, Met-Se, and Nano-Se supplementation increased pH_45min, total protein solubility, and myofibrillar protein solubility, as well as decreased the shear force value compared with the SS group (P < 0.05). In addition, birds in the SY and Met-Se groups exhibited lower cooking loss compared with the SS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, organic Se and Nano-Se supplementation resulted in an improvement of antioxidant capacity and meat quality in local Chinese Subei chickens relative to inorganic Se.

[Percutaneous renal access for percutaneous nephrolithotomy guided by contrast enhanced ultrasound: a single-center preliminary experience in China]

OBJECTIVE

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an innovative technique that employs microbubble contrast agents to demonstrate parenchymal perfusion. Ultrasound contrast agent was reported to be directly used in human internal lumen to improve the observation capacity of ultrasound. However, CEUS has never been reported to be used in the guidance of percutaneous renal access in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CEUS-guided renal access in PCNL.

METHODS

In this retrospective study, percutaneous renal access was performed under real-time monitoring of CEUS during PCNL in a cohort of 20 patients with renal stones at Peking University First Hospital. Data regarding patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimens, and postoperative information were collected from a comprehensive database containing comprehensive medical records of the patients undergoing PCNL. Briefly, the procedure was as follows. With the patient under general anesthesia, renal access was established by the guidance of CEUS. Afterwords, holmium laser, pneumatic or ultrasonic lithotripsy was used by the same urologist. The patient demographics, stone characteristics and procedure details were noted. Finally, appropriate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the CEUS-guided percutaneous renal access in PCNL.

RESULTS

All the 20 patients underwent PCNL successfully with the help of CEUS guidance for tract creation. The collecting system was successfully accessed in all the patients, and only one patient underwent re-puncture. All the patients approached through a middle-pole percutaneous access. The median puncture time was 3.9 (2.9-4.6) min, and the median operating time was 112 (98.5-134.5) min. The preliminary stone-free rate of PCNL was 95.0% (19/20) as shown by the kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) radiographs 48 h postoperation, and the median decline in hemoglobin level was 10 (5.5-14.5) g/L. Two patients had transient postoperative fever and responded well to antibiotics. In addition, no other major complications were observed.

CONCLUSION

CEUS is a safe and effective alternative way of guidance for percuta-neous renal access for PCNL beginners. It makes this procedure more visualized and simpler, and produces clearer images than common ultrasonic ones. PCNL beginners might benefit from this method to shorten the learning curve of PCNL, while it warrants further comparative studies to clarify.

A survey of the blood supply in China during 2012-2014

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study was to identify the status of the blood supply in China during 2012-2014.

BACKGROUND

China is a middle-income country, which contains more than 20% of the world population. Increasing the blood supply in China, along with increased healthcare coverage, involves many challenges.

METHODS

A survey questionnaire regarding blood centre activities was sent to all of the blood centres in 32 provinces via the Internet. The data were collected from the responses and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013.

RESULTS

The total supply of whole blood and red blood cells (RBCs) in 2012 was 18 644 700 units; in 2013, 18 985 800 units; and in 2014, 19 658 800 units. A similar trend of the total platelet supply was also observed during the same period of 2012-2014, as follows: 1 019 100 units in 2012, 1 168 400 units in 2013 and 1 276 200 units in 2014. Similarly, the plasma supply was 27 529 300 units in 2012 and 27 657 600 units in 2013, which rose to 28 307 500 units in 2014. The total cryoprecipitate supply was 1 653 900, 1 891 300 and 2 366 500 units in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. When the blood supply was analysed according to the geographic regional population, large differences in the rates of blood supply between regions were evident.

CONCLUSIONS

The blood product supply in China is steadily increasing. Blood centres in China continue to face challenges regarding their ability to provide a sufficient blood supply in the future.

[Standards and guidelines of radiation protection and safety in dental X-ray examinations]

With the rapid development of imaging technology, the application of dental imaging in diagnosis, treatment planning, intraoperative surgical navigation, monitoring of treatment or lesion development and assessment of treatment outcomes is playing an essential role in oral healthcare. The increased total number of dental X-ray examinations is accompanied by a relatively significant increase in collective dose to patients as well as to dental healthcare workers, which is harmful to human bodies to a certain degree. Some radiation protection standards and guidelines in dental radiology have been published in European countries, US, Canada and Australia, etc. Adherence to these standards and guidelines helps to achieve images with diagnostic quality and avoid unnecessary and repeated exposures. However, no radiation protection standard or guideline with regard to dental X-ray examinations has been put in force so far in mainland China. Therefore, a literature review on available radiation protection standards and guidelines was conducted to provide reference to the development of radiation protection standards or guidelines in mainland China.

A whole genome sequence association study for puberty in a large Duroc × Erhualian F2 population

A large proportion of gilts and sows are culled from reproduction populations because of anestrus and pubertal reproductive failure. Selecting early onset of puberty gilts has a favorable effect on sows' reproductivity. However, age at puberty is hard to be routinely measured in commercial herds. With molecular genetic predictors, identifying individuals that have a propensity for early onset of puberty can be simplified. We previously performed genome scanning and a genome-wide association study for puberty in an F2 resource population using 183 microsatellites and 62 125 SNPs respectively. The detection power and resolution of identified quantitative trait loci were very low. Herein, we re-sequenced 19 founders of the F2 resource population in high coverage, and whole genome sequences of F2 individuals were imputed to perform an association study for reproductive traits. A total of 2339 SNPs associated with pubertal reproductive failure were identified in the region of 30.94-40.74 Mb on SSC7, with the top one, positioned at 33.36 Mb, explaining 16% of the phenotypic variances. We improved the magnitude of the P-value by 10E+5 to 10E+7 using the whole genome sequence rather than using low/middle density markers as in previous studies, and we narrowed down the QTL confidence interval to 5.25 Mb. Combining the annotation of gene function, RAB23 and BAK1 were perceived as the most compelling candidate genes. The identified loci may be useful in culling sows failing to show estrus by marker-assisted selection to increase reproductive efficiency of swine herds.

[Analysis of virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus in nasal secretionsof patients with chronic rhinosinusitis]

Objective:To investigate the differences of virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic sinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and to explore the relationship between different virulence factors and the incidence of sinusitis and nasal polyps.Method:The PCR method was used to detect 17 kinds of virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal secretions of 41 strains.Result:①The detection rate of SEB in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the detection rate of SEB in the CRSwNP group was higher than that in the CRSsNP group, and the other 5 kinds of enterotoxin genes were not statistically significant between the experimental group and the control group;②Staphylococcus aureus adhesin in the experimental group and the control group were detected, and the detection rate was relative higher in both control and experimental goups. However, the detection rate were not statistically significant between the experimental group and the control group;③The detection rate of HLα and HLβ genes encoding hemolysin was higher in the experimental group and the control group, and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the experimental group and the control group.Conclusion:Staphylococcus aureus carrying enterotoxin gene was more likely to cause CRS. The greater the incidence of nasal polyps was found in patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus carrying more enterotoxin gene.

[Advances in the research of effects of heat-shock factor 1 and heat-shock proteins on wound healing and the mechanism]

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are the protective proteins expressed by cells under stress. Heat-shock factors (HSFs) are the key factors to regulate HSPs. Researches about the effects of HSF1 and HSPs in cells after stress and the mechanism have become the important entry point to explore the cell response in wound healing after trauma. This article reviews the effects of HSPs and HSF1 which regulate the proteins on wound healing and the mechanism, so as to deliver message for studying effects of intervening HSF1 on expression of HSPs and wound healing and the mechanism.

Determination of the Spin and Parity of the Z_{c}(3900)

The spin and parity of the Z_{c}(3900)^{±} state are determined to be J^{P}=1^{+} with a statistical significance larger than 7σ over other quantum numbers in a partial wave analysis of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ. We use a data sample of 1.92  fb^{-1} accumulated at sqrt[s]=4.23 and 4.26 GeV with the BESIII experiment. When parametrizing the Z_{c}(3900)^{±} with a Flatté-like formula, we determine its pole mass M_{pole}=(3881.2±4.2_{stat}±52.7_{syst})  MeV/c^{2} and pole width Γ_{pole}=(51.8±4.6_{stat}±36.0_{syst})  MeV. We also measure cross sections for the process e^{+}e^{-}→Z_{c}(3900)^{+}π^{-}+c.c.→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-} and determine an upper limit at the 90% confidence level for the process e^{+}e^{-}→Z_{c}(4020)^{+}π^{-}+c.c.→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}.

[To analyse the histopathological results of patients with HPV16/18 positive and colposcopic suspicious lesions]

Objective: To explore the value of histopathologic diagnosis after colposcopy for high-risk HPV16/18 positive patients with negative cytology or atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) for early screening of cervical lesions. Methods: A retrospective study of cervical histopathologic diagnosis in the HPV16/18 positive patients received colposcopy evaluation before got the histology was carried out between January 2014 and January 2016. The cytology of the patients should be negative or ASCUS. A total of 337 patients with age from 21 to 65 years old were enrolled, including 214 patients with negative cytology, and 123 patients with ASCUS. Results: (1) The results of pathology were as follows: 63 (18.7%) cases inflammation, 89 (26.4%) cases cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅰ, 182 (54.0%) cases CINⅡ-Ⅲ and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and 3 (0.9%) cases minimal invasive cancer (stageⅠa1). The incidence of CINⅡ and above cervical lesions was higher in the patients with ASCUS (71.5%, 88/123) than that in the patients with negative cytology (45.3%, 97/214; χ(2)=24.876, P<0.01), and it was higher in the patients with HPV16 positive (64.4%, 150/233) than that in the patients with HPV18 positive (30.3%, 27/89; χ(2)=31.388, P<0.01). There was statistically significant difference among the different age group in which the patients of 20-29 years old was 69.3% (52/75), 30-39 years old was 55.1% (75/136), 40-49 years old was 44.8% (30/67) and 50 years old and above was 47.5% (28/59; χ(2)=16.512, P=0.032). (2) Among the patients with negative cytology, the incidence of CINⅡ and above cervical lesions in the patients with HPV16 positive was higher than that in the patients with HPV18 positive [54.8% (80/146) vs 26.0% (20/77) ; χ(2)=16.930, P<0.01]. The incidence was also higher in the patients with HPV16 positive than that in the patients with HPV18 positive [76.5% (78/102) vs 55.6% (15/27) ; χ(2)=4.642, P=0.031] among the patients with ASCUS. (3) Compared to the patients diagnosed inflammation or CINⅠ, the patients diagnosed CINⅡ and above cervical lesions had higher infection rate of HPV16, lower infection rate of HPV18, higher incidence of ASCUS, and smaller parities (all P<0.05). A multifactor analysis was carried out, the results showed that HPV16 positive and ASCUS might be independent risk factors to predict the incidence of CINⅡ and above cervical lesions (P<0.01) . Conclusions: The incidence of cervical precancerous lesions is high in the women with HPV16/18 infection. Patients with HPV16 infection are more likely to have the CINⅡ and above cervical lesions than patients with HPV18 infection. Patients with HPV16/18 infection are suggested to be directly transferred to clinic of colposcopy, and then getting the histology selectively, which would be help to early detection of the cervical precancerous lesions.

[Centronuclear myopathy: clinical characteristics and MRI image features of oral and maxillofacial region]

Objective: To provide biomechnical basis for orthodontics of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) patients, we studied the oral and maxillofacial clinical features and MRI image manifestations to explore application of MRI to objective evaluation the affected facial muscles. Methods: The study consisted of 8 patients who were diagnosed as CNM (CNM group) and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Their medical information were gathered and then we examined the ptosis situation and the facial index calculation of them. To measure the maximal hight of palate and the width of palate, patients and volunteers were made impressions. We also checked their maximum bite force with occlusion pressure tester. And they took lateral cephalometric radiographs to measure mandibular plane-Frankfort horizontal plane angle (MP-FH). At last, they were taken oral and maxillofacial region MRI to observe the affected situation of masseter muscle, medial pterygoid muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle. Results: Six patients were ptosis; 6 patients had inverse V-shaped mouth; 3 patients were difficulty in swallowing; 4 patients were anterior open bites; 4 patients were mouth breathing; 7 patients liked to eat soft foods. Morphological facial index ([91.3±0.5]%), MP-FH (34.9°±2.0°) of CNM group were greater than the control group, male maximal hight of palate ([19.0±0.2] mm), female maximal hight of palate ([18.0±0.6] mm) of CNM group were greater than the control group (P<0.05). Male width of palate ([34.5±0.8] mm), female width of palate ([33.4±1.0] mm), male maximum bite force ([464.3±78.2] N), female maximum bite force ([320.7±13.8] N), maximal opening of mouth ([3.4±0.3] cm) of CNM group were less than the control group (P<0.05). And these had significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). In MRI examination, there were 7 patients' masseter muscles, 4 patients' medial pterygoid muscles and 6 patients' lateral pterygoid muscles to atrophy asymmetrically. These three pieces of muscular fatty infiltration were inordinately, focused on Grade 0 to 4 and the both sides were similar. Conclusions: CNM patients with long and thin face, high palatine arches and low bite force together were the biomechanical basis of the maxillofacial deformities. MRI can clearly show the affected masseter muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle, and can serve as an objective examination method for the evaluation of facial muscles. It can be worth of clinical popularization and application.

Evolution of the Reactor Antineutrino Flux and Spectrum at Daya Bay

The Daya Bay experiment has observed correlations between reactor core fuel evolution and changes in the reactor antineutrino flux and energy spectrum. Four antineutrino detectors in two experimental halls were used to identify 2.2 million inverse beta decays (IBDs) over 1230 days spanning multiple fuel cycles for each of six 2.9 GW_{th} reactor cores at the Daya Bay and Ling Ao nuclear power plants. Using detector data spanning effective ^{239}Pu fission fractions F_{239} from 0.25 to 0.35, Daya Bay measures an average IBD yield σ[over ¯]_{f} of (5.90±0.13)×10^{-43}  cm^{2}/fission and a fuel-dependent variation in the IBD yield, dσ_{f}/dF_{239}, of (-1.86±0.18)×10^{-43}  cm^{2}/fission. This observation rejects the hypothesis of a constant antineutrino flux as a function of the ^{239}Pu fission fraction at 10 standard deviations. The variation in IBD yield is found to be energy dependent, rejecting the hypothesis of a constant antineutrino energy spectrum at 5.1 standard deviations. While measurements of the evolution in the IBD spectrum show general agreement with predictions from recent reactor models, the measured evolution in total IBD yield disagrees with recent predictions at 3.1σ. This discrepancy indicates that an overall deficit in the measured flux with respect to predictions does not result from equal fractional deficits from the primary fission isotopes ^{235}U, ^{239}Pu, ^{238}U, and ^{241}Pu. Based on measured IBD yield variations, yields of (6.17±0.17) and (4.27±0.26)×10^{-43}  cm^{2}/fission have been determined for the two dominant fission parent isotopes ^{235}U and ^{239}Pu. A 7.8% discrepancy between the observed and predicted ^{235}U yields suggests that this isotope may be the primary contributor to the reactor antineutrino anomaly.

[The role of hexokinase 2 in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells]

Objective: To investigate the regulatory role of HK2 in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The protein expressions of HK2 in 73 HCC tumor tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were evaluated by using immunohistochemical analysis. The scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay had been used to analyze the migration and invasion of HCC cells with HK2 knockdown. Expressions of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)markers, such as E-cadherin, ZO-1, N-cadherin and vimentin, in HCC cells with HK2 knockdown were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: The expression levels of HK2 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were 5.39±3.40 and 2.16±1.55, respectively. The protein expression of HK2 was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues of HCC (P<0.05). Knockdown of HK2 in HCC cells decreased the cell motility from 1.00±0.54 to 0.56±0.09 (P<0.05), andknockdown of HK2 in HCC cells decreased the number of invaded cells form 345±42 to 215±34 (P<0.05). The expression of epithelial markers ZO-1 and E-cadherin were up-regulated, while mesenchymal markers vimentin and N-cadherin were down-regulated in HCC cells when HK2 was knockeddown. Conclusions: HK2 is up-regulated in HCC and promotes cell motility by stimulating EMT.

[Two families of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1 characterized by agammaglobulinemia]

Objective: To investigate the clinical and immunological laboratory features, mutations in SH2D1A gene and SAP protein expression in four children of two families with X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 1(XLP-1). Method: Four patients (Family A including Patient 1 and Patient 2, Family B including Patient 3 and Patient 4) and their maternal relatives were enrolled in this study. The clinical manifestation, EBV infection status and chest CT scan were analyzed. The absolute and relative numbers of lymphocyte subsets, T lymphocyte proliferative response, SAP protein expression were assessed by flow cytometry. Quantification of signal joint TCR rearrangementexcision circle (sjTRECs), CDR3 spectratyping of TCRvβ and gene mutation of SH2D1A were detected by PCR based on genomic DNA or cDNA. Result: Four male patients from two families were diagnosed with XLP-1. The ages of disease onset were more than 1 year, more than 1 year, more than 1 month and 6 months. The ages at diagnosis were nine years and ten months, sixteen years and eight months, fourteen years and ten months, four years and nine months. All patients had recurrent infections and EBV infection. Patients 1, 2, and 3 had agammaglobulinemia and Patient 4 had hypogammaglobulinemia. Chest CT scan showed all patients had atelectasis and pneumonia, and Patient 3 had bronchiectasis. Patient 3 was diagnosised as Burkitt lymphoma. For immunological function, all patients exhibited reduced CD4/CD8 ratios, increased numbers of exhausted T lymphocyte, decreased number of NK cell. The numbers of total B lymphocyte and naïve B lymphocyte were normal, but the number of memory B lymphocyte declined in all cases. Four patients' copy numbers of sjTRECs were low and CDR3 spectratypings of TCRvβ showed mildly skewed. But their T lymphocyte proliferative response was normal. SAP protein expression in four cases were measured by flow cytometry. Two patients from Family A were absent and two patients from Family B showed decreased values. SH2D1A gene sequence analysis showed that the patients of Family A harbored a nonsense mutation (c.163 C>T; p.R55X) in exon 2. Their mother and two sisters were carriers. A missense mutation of SH2D1A gene (c.278 G>A; p.G93D) in exon 3 was found in the patients of Family B. The mother was carrier. Four patients remain survived, Patient 3 gave up treatment, other three patients received IVIG therapy. Conclusion: Four patients with XLP-1 from two families characterized by agammaglobulinemia have an extreme vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The functions of T cell, B cell and NK cell are impaired at different stages. The detection of SAP protein and SH2D1A gene are the key methods for diagnosis of XLP-1.

[The impact of different occlusion time on forearm equilibrium pressure and the correlation with systemic hemodynamics]

Objective: To observe the changes of arm equilibrium pressure (P(arm)) in different occlusion time, the reference range of P(arm) in hemodynamic stable patients, and to explore the relationship between P(arm) and systemic hemodynamic parameters. Methods: Mechanically ventilated postoperative abdominal surgery patients who admitted to ICU with stable hemodynamic status were enrolled. After hemodynamic data were recorded, arm stop-flow maneuvers were performed to measure P(arm). At 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 seconds after occlusion, arterial pressure were measured twice within 5 minutes and recorded as the average value. Results: Thirty patients were included. The P(arm) decreased gradually with the prolongation of the occlusion time.The value was not stable within 60 s, but the reducing extent was not obvious after 40s. The 95% reference range of P(arm) 30 s was 23-44 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and P(arm) 60 s was 19-35 mmHg. P(arm) at 30 s and 60 s were positively correlated with systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure (all P<0.001), but not heart rate and pulse pressure. Linear regression analysis showed that P(arm) at 10 s, 20 s, 30 s only had linear correlation with diastolic arterial pressure (10 s, β=0.504, P=0.001; 20 s, β=0.297, P=0.005; 30 s, β=0.231, P=0.015), and P(arm) at 40 s, 50 s, 60 s were linear correlation with diastolic arterial pressure (40 s, β=0.220, P=0.004; 50 s, β=0.210, P=0.004; 60 s, β=0.213, P=0.004) and central venous pressure (40 s, β=0.516, P=0.018; 50 s, β=0.513, P=0.01; 60 s, β=0.472, P=0.023). Conclusion: In mechanically ventilated postoperative abdominal surgery patients with stable hemodynamic status, P(arm) decreases when occlusion time is prolonged, which is not stable within 60 s occlusion. Arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure are positively correlated with P(arm).

Observation of Λ_{c}^{+}→nK_{S}^{0}π^{+}

We report the first direct measurement of decays of the Λ_{c}^{+} baryon involving the neutron. The analysis is performed using 567  pb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} collision data collected at sqrt[s]=4.599  GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We observe the decay Λ_{c}^{+}→nK_{S}^{0}π^{+} and measure the absolute branching fraction to be B(Λ_{c}^{+}→nK_{S}^{0}π^{+})=[1.82±0.23(stat)±0.11(syst)]%. A comparison to B[Λ_{c}^{+}→p(K[over ¯]π)^{0}] provides an important test of isospin symmetry and final state interactions.

Precise Measurement of the e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ Cross Section at Center-of-Mass Energies from 3.77 to 4.60 GeV

The cross section for the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ is measured precisely at center-of-mass energies from 3.77 to 4.60 GeV using 9  fb^{-1} of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Two resonant structures are observed in a fit to the cross section. The first resonance has a mass of (4222.0±3.1±1.4)  MeV/c^{2} and a width of (44.1±4.3±2.0)  MeV, while the second one has a mass of (4320.0±10.4±7.0)  MeV/c^{2} and a width of (101.4_{-19.7}^{+25.3}±10.2)  MeV, where the first errors are statistical and second ones are systematic. The first resonance agrees with the Y(4260) resonance reported by previous experiments. The precision of its resonant parameters is improved significantly. The second resonance is observed in e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-}J/ψ for the first time. The statistical significance of this resonance is estimated to be larger than 7.6σ. The mass and width of the second resonance agree with the Y(4360) resonance reported by the BABAR and Belle experiments within errors. Finally, the Y(4008) resonance previously observed by the Belle experiment is not confirmed in the description of the BESIII data.