[Spontaneous peri-renal haematoma as a complication of chronic pyelonephritis]

Three cases with spontaneous peri-renal haematomas, a rare complication of chronic pyelonephritis, are described. The clinical features and diagnosis of this condition are discussed with reference to these cases and the literature is reviewed.

Do elephants ever forget?

Three adult female elephants (Elephas maximus) were tested on a light-dark discrimination problem with an 8-yr intertrial interval. The first subject took only 6 min to reach criterion and made only two errors, suggesting remarkable retention. The other two subjects were found to have visual anomalies that would have gone undetected without this research.