1
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Niu D. Preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles from 2-isocyanoaryl thioethers and glycosyl radicals under thermal conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5498-5501. [PMID: 38696183 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for preparing glycosyl benzothiazoles via radical cascade cyclization, in which glycosyl radicals are generated from readily available and bench-stable allyl glycosyl sulfones. This cascade reaction proceeds under simple conditions and tolerates a broad substrate scope in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies support that the reactions proceed via the intermediacy of imidoyl radicals, which attack the appended sulfide unit by a SH2 process to forge the thiazole ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Liu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Mamirgova ZZ, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Synthesis of sialyl halides with various acyl protective groups. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109033. [PMID: 38295530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl halides are historically one of the first glycosyl donors used in glycosylation reactions, and interest in glycosylation reactions involving this class of glycosyl donors is currently increasing. New methods for their activation have been proposed and effective syntheses of oligosaccharides with their participation have been developed. At the same time, the possibilities of using these approaches to the synthesis of sialosides are restricted by the limited diversity of known sialyl halides (previously, mainly sialyl chlorides, less often sialyl bromides and sialyl fluorides, with acetyl (Ac) groups at the oxygen atoms and AcNH, Ac2N and N3 groups at C-5 were used). This work describes the synthesis of six new N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-sialyl chlorides and bromides with O-chloroacetyl and O-trifluoroacetyl protective groups. Preparation of N,O-trifluoroacetyl protected derivatives was made possible due to development of the synthesis of sialic acid methyl ester pentaol with N-trifluoroacetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Z Mamirgova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation.
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3
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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4
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Xu S, Zhang W, Li C, Li Y, Zeng H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Niu D. Generation and Use of Glycosyl Radicals under Acidic Conditions: Glycosyl Sulfinates as Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218303. [PMID: 36760072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a method that enables the generation of glycosyl radicals under highly acidic conditions. Key to the success is the design and use of glycosyl sulfinates as radical precursors, which are bench-stable solids and can be readily prepared from commercial starting materials. This development allows the installation of glycosyl units onto pyridine rings directly by the Minisci reaction. We further demonstrate the utility of this method in the late-stage modification of complex drug molecules, including the anticancer agent camptothecin. Experimental studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Xu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Caiyi Li
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxin Zeng
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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5
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Panova MV, Medvedev MG, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Exhaustive Conformational Search for Sialyl Cation Reveals Possibility of Remote Participation of Acyl Groups. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100788. [PMID: 34837303 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Finding convenient ways for the stereoselective α-sialylation is important due to the high practical significance of α-sialic acid-containing glycans and neoglycoconjugates. It was proposed that sialylation stereoselectivity is determined by the structure of the sialyl cation (also known in biochemistry as "sialosyl cation"), a supposed intermediate in this reaction. Here we design a new approach for studying the conformational space of highly flexible sialyl cation and find 1625 unique conformers including those stabilized by covalent remote participation (also known as long-range participation) of 4-O-acetyl (4-OAc), 5-N-trifluoroacetyl (5-NTFA), as well as 7,8,9-OAc from both α and β sides. The most energetically stable sialyl cation conformers are featured by 4-OAc participation, closely followed by 5-NTFA- and 7-OAc-stabilized conformers; unstabilized sialyl cation conformers are ∼10 kcal mol-1 less stable than the 4-OAc-stabilized ones. Analysis of all the obtained conformers by means of substituents positions, side chain conformations and ring puckering led us to a new "eight-conformer hypothesis" which describes interconversions among the most important sialyl cation conformers and predicts that stronger remote participation of acyl groups favors β-anomers. Thus, selective synthesis of the desired α-sialosides requires minimization of acyl groups participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Panova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Glycochemistry, N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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6
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Wei Y, Lam J, Diao T. Synthesis of C-acyl furanosides via the cross-coupling of glycosyl esters with carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11414-11419. [PMID: 34667550 PMCID: PMC8447929 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03596g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C-Acyl furanosides are versatile synthetic precursors to a variety of natural products, nucleoside analogues, and pharmaceutical molecules. This report addresses the unmet challenge in preparing C-acyl furanosides by developing a cross-coupling reaction between glycosyl esters and carboxylic acids. A key step is the photoredox activation of the glycosyl ester, which promotes the homolysis of the strong anomeric C–O bond through CO2 evolution to afford glycosyl radicals. This method embraces a large scope of furanoses, pyranoses, and carboxylic acids, and is readily applicable to the synthesis of a thymidine analogue and diplobifuranylone B, as well as the late-stage modification of (+)-sclareolide. The convenient preparation of the redox active glycosyl ester from native sugars and the compatibility with common furanoses exemplifies the potential of this method in medicinal chemistry. A cross-coupling of glycosyl esters with carboxylic acids to prepare C-acyl furanosides and pyranosides. The reaction proceeds through photoredox activation of the glycosyl ester to afford glycosyl radicals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Jenny Lam
- Department of Chemistry, New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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7
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Asressu KH, Chang C, Lam S, Wang C. Donor‐Reactivity‐Controlled Sialylation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kesatebrhan Haile Asressu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Wei Chang
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Sarah Lam
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
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8
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Yin XG, Lu J, Wang J, Zhang RY, Wang XF, Liao CM, Liu XP, Liu Z, Guo J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Liposomal Anti-GM3 Cancer Vaccine Candidates Covalently and Noncovalently Adjuvanted by αGalCer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1951-1965. [PMID: 33539088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GM3, a typical tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, is considered as an important target for cancer vaccine development, but its low immunogenicity limits its application. αGalCer, an iNKT cell agonist, has been employed as an adjuvant via a unique immune mode. Herein, we prepared and investigated two types of antitumor vaccine candidates: (a) self-adjuvanting vaccine GM3-αGalCer by conjugating GM3 with αGalCer and (b) noncovalent vaccine GM3-lipid/αGalCer, in which GM3 is linked with lipid anchor and coassembled with αGalCer. This demonstrated that βGalCer is an exceptionally optimized lipid anchor, which enables the noncovalent vaccine candidate GM3-βGalCer/αGalCer to evoke a comparable antibody level to GM3-αGalCer. However, the antibodies induced by GM3-αGalCer are better at recognition B16F10 cancer cells and more effectively activate the complement system. Our study highlights the importance of vaccine constructs utilizing covalent or noncovalent assembly between αGalCer with carbohydrate antigens and choosing an appropriate lipid anchor for use in noncovalent vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Guang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Miao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
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9
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Kleski KA, Shi M, Lohman M, Hymel GT, Gattoji VK, Andreana PR. Synthesis of an Aminooxy Derivative of the GM3 Antigen and Its Application in Oxime Ligation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16207-16217. [PMID: 32320231 PMCID: PMC7606269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The anomeric aminooxy GM3 trisaccharide cancer antigen (Neu5Acα2,3Galβ1,4Glcβ-ONH2) has been chemically synthesized using a linear glycosylation approach. The key step involves a highly α(2,3)-stereoselective sialylation to a galactose acceptor. The Neu5Acα2,3Gal intermediate was functionalized as a donor for a [2 + 1] glycosylation, including a glucose acceptor that featured an O-succinimidyl group on the reducing end as an aminooxy precursor. The fully deprotected anomeric aminooxy GM3 trisaccharide was then conjugated to the immunologically relevant zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 via an oxime link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. Kleski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Mengchao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Matthew Lohman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Gabrielle T. Hymel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Vinod K. Gattoji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Peter R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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10
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Wang X, Gu G, Cai F. Improved α-Sialylation through the Synergy of 5- N,4- O-Oxazolidinone Protection and Exocyclic C-1 Neighboring Group Participation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13589-13601. [PMID: 33058677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective construction of α-sialyl linkages is one of the most significant challenges in carbohydrate chemistry. In this research, we developed a novel strategy for stereoselective synthesis of α-linked sialosides by protecting the 5-N,4-O-positions of a sialyl donor with an oxazolidinone group and its C-1 carboxylic functionality with a cyanoethyl ester to promote α-glycosylation. We also adopted the more electrophilic N-bromosuccinimide as a promoter to readily activate p-tolyl thiosialoside at -78 °C. The sialylation using this sialyl donor gave excellent yields and α-selectivity. The new synthetic method was used to successfully construct naturally occurring α-sialosides having sialic acid linked to the 6-O- or 3-O-position of galactoside, or 8-O-position of another sialic acid, respectively, as well as other α-linked sialosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui S. Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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11
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Shang W, Su SN, Shi R, Mou ZD, Yu GQ, Zhang X, Niu D. Generation of Glycosyl Radicals from Glycosyl Sulfoxides and Its Use in the Synthesis of C-linked Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:385-390. [PMID: 32935426 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We here report glycosyl sulfoxides appended with an aryl iodide moiety as readily available, air and moisture stable precursors to glycosyl radicals. These glycosyl sulfoxides could be converted to glycosyl radicals by way of a rapid and efficient intramolecular radical substitution event. The use of this type of precursors enabled the synthesis of various complex C-linked glycoconjugates under mild conditions. This reaction could be performed in aqueous media and is amenable to the synthesis of glycopeptidomimetics and carbohydrate-DNA conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Su
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ze-Dong Mou
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Yu
- Discovery Chemistry Unit, HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. Huigu 1st East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 17 Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
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12
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Shang W, Su S, Shi R, Mou Z, Yu G, Zhang X, Niu D. Generation of Glycosyl Radicals from Glycosyl Sulfoxides and Its Use in the Synthesis of
C
‐linked Glycoconjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Shang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Sheng‐Nan Su
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ze‐Dong Mou
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Guo‐Qiang Yu
- Discovery Chemistry Unit HitGen Inc. Building 6, No. Huigu 1st East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District Chengdu 610200 China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Emergency State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University No. 17 Renmin Nan Road Chengdu 610041 China
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13
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Ogasahara R, Abdullayev S, Sarpe VA, Mandhapati AR, Crich D. Influence of protecting groups on O- and C-glycosylation with neuraminyl and ulosonyl dibutylphosphates. Carbohydr Res 2020; 496:108100. [PMID: 32755675 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adamantanyl thioglycosides of 5-isothiocyano and 5-azido 5-desamino-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester were converted into the corresponding dibutyl phosphates, which proved to be excellent α-selective donors for O-sialidation with a range of typical acceptors, and good donors for reaction with allyltributylstannane, albeit without significant anomeric selectivity. In the KDN series the dibuylphosphate derived from a donor carrying a 4,5-cyclic carbonate protecting group afforded the corresponding C-glycoside with excellent α-selectivity on activation in the presence of allyltributylstannane, whereas the corresponding donor carrying acetate esters at the 4- and 5-positions was unselective. Overall, it is revealed that while the strongly electron-withdrawing isothiocyanato and azido groups are sufficient to promote highly α-selective O-sialidation, they are inadequate when faced with less reactive nucleophiles when mixtures of anomers are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Ogasahara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shuay Abdullayev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Chemistry, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Vikram A Sarpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States
| | - Appi Reddy Mandhapati
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, United States.
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14
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Dvores MP, Çarçabal P, Maître P, Simons JP, Gerber RB. Gas phase dynamics, conformational transitions and spectroscopy of charged saccharides: the oxocarbenium ion, protonated anhydrogalactose and protonated methyl galactopyranoside. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4144-4157. [PMID: 32039431 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06572e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protonated intermediates are postulated to be involved in the rate determining step of many sugar reactions. This paper presents a study of protonated sugar species, isolated in the gas phase, using a combination of infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, classical ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and quantum mechanical vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) calculations. It provides a likely identification of the reactive intermediate oxocarbenium ion structure in a d-galactosyl system as well as the saccharide pyrolysis product anhydrogalactose (that suggests oxocarbenium ion stabilization), along with the spectrum of the protonated parent species: methyl d-galactopyranoside-H+. Its vibrational fingerprint indicates intramolecular proton sharing. Classical AIMD simulations for galactosyl oxocarbenium ions, conducted in the temperature range ∼300-350 K (using B3LYP potentials on-the-fly) reveal efficient transitions on the picosecond timescale. Multiple conformers are likely to exist under the experimental conditions and along with static VSCF calculations, they have facilitated the identification of the individual structural motifs of the galactosyl oxocarbenium ion and protonated anhydrogalactose ion conformers that contribute to the observed experimental spectra. These results demonstrate the power of experimental IRMPD spectroscopy combined with dynamics simulations and with computational spectroscopy at the anharmonic level to unravel conformer structures of protonated saccharides, and to provide information on their lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dvores
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - P Çarçabal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - P Maître
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - J P Simons
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - R B Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. and Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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15
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Cristòfol À, Böhmer C, Kleij AW. Formal Synthesis of Indolizidine and Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Vinyl Cyclic Carbonates. Chemistry 2019; 25:15055-15058. [PMID: 31574183 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic carbonates have long been considered relatively inert molecules acting as protecting groups in complex multistep synthetic routes. This study shows that a concise, yet modular synthesis of indolizidine and quinolizidine alkaloids can be developed from vinyl-substituted cyclic carbonate (VCC) intermediates. Through a highly stereoselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction, these alkaloid motifs can be assembled in four synthetic and only two column purification steps. The combined results help to further advance functionalized cyclic carbonates as useful and reactive intermediates in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex Cristòfol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Christian Böhmer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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17
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Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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18
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Cheng CW, Wu CY, Hsu WL, Wong CH. Programmable One-Pot Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3078-3088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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19
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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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20
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Wang J, Lou Q, Rong J, Yang Y. Gold(i)-promoted α-selective sialylation of glycosylortho-hexynylbenzoates for the latent-active synthesis of oligosialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6580-6584. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A gold(i)-promoted α-selective glycosylation approach with sialylortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors is developed for the latent-active synthesis of α-(2 → 9)-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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21
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Xiao M, Lei N, Zhang Y, Huo Z, Ding D, Gao J, Guo Z, Gu G, Cai F. Per-O-Benzylated Ethyl 5-N-Acetyl-α-thiosialoside as a Glycosyl Donor for α-Silylation. J Carbohydr Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2018.1508589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xiao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Lei
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenni Huo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dahai Ding
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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22
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Amatov T, Jangra H, Pohl R, Cisařová I, Zipse H, Jahn U. Unique Stereoselective Homolytic C-O Bond Activation in Diketopiperazine-Derived Alkoxyamines by Adjacent Amide Pyramidalization. Chemistry 2018; 24:15336-15345. [PMID: 30092124 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple monocyclic diketopiperazine (DKP)-derived alkoxyamines exhibit unprecedented activation of a remote C-O bond for homolysis by amide distortion. The combination of strain-release-driven amide planarization and the persistent radical effect (PRE) enables a unique, irreversible, and quantitative trans→cis isomerization under much milder conditions than typically observed for such homolysis-limited reactions. This isomerization is shown to be general and independent of the steric and electronic nature of both the amino acid side chains and the substituents at the DKP nitrogen atoms. Homolysis rate constants are determined, and they significantly differ for both the labile trans diastereomers and the stable cis diastereomers. To reveal the factors influencing this unusual process, structural features of the kinetic trans diastereomers and thermodynamic cis diastereomers are investigated in the solid state and in solution. X-ray crystallographic analysis and computational studies indicate substantial distortion of the amide bond from planarity in the trans-alkoxyamines, and this is believed to be the cause for the facile and quantitative isomerization. Thus, these amino-acid-derived alkoxyamines are the first examples that exhibit a large thermodynamic preference for one diastereomer over the other upon thermal homolysis, and this allows controlled switching of configurations and configurational cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynchtyk Amatov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.,Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Harish Jangra
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Cisařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hendrik Zipse
- Ludwig Maximilian University, Department of Chemistry, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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24
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Elferink H, Severijnen ME, Martens J, Mensink RA, Berden G, Oomens J, Rutjes FPJT, Rijs AM, Boltje TJ. Direct Experimental Characterization of Glycosyl Cations by Infrared Ion Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6034-6038. [PMID: 29656643 PMCID: PMC5958338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl cations are crucial intermediates formed during enzymatic and chemical glycosylation. The intrinsic high reactivity and short lifetime of these reaction intermediates make them very challenging to characterize using spectroscopic techniques. Herein, we report the use of collision induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry to generate glycosyl cations in the gas phase followed by infrared ion spectroscopy using the FELIX infrared free electron laser. The experimentally observed IR spectra were compared to DFT calculated spectra enabling the detailed structural elucidation of elusive glycosyl oxocarbenium and dioxolenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marion E. Severijnen
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens A. Mensink
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld
7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J. Boltje
- Radboud
University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
Investigations of methodologies aimed on improving the stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and the efficient assembly of sialic acid glycoconjugates has been the mission of dedicated research groups from the late 1960s. This review presents major accomplishments in the field, with the emphasis on significant breakthroughs and influential synthetic strategies of the last decade.
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26
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Modulation of the stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosylation via ( p -Tol) 2 SO/Tf 2 O preactivation strategy: From O -, C -sialylation to general O -, N -glycosylation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Zhu Y, Yang Z, Rodgers MT. Influence of Linkage Stereochemistry and Protecting Groups on Glycosidic Bond Stability of Sodium Cationized Glycosyl Phosphates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2602-2613. [PMID: 28924832 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments of sodium cationized glycosyl phosphate complexes, [GP x +Na]+, are performed to elucidate the effects of linkage stereochemistry (α versus β), the geometry of the leaving groups (1,2-cis versus 1,2-trans), and protecting groups (cyclic versus non-cyclic) on the stability of the glycosyl phosphate linkage via survival yield analyses. A four parameter logistic dynamic fitting model is used to determine CID50% values, which correspond to the level of rf excitation required to produce 50% dissociation of the precursor ion complexes. Present results suggest that dissociation of 1,2-trans [GP x +Na]+ occurs via a McLafferty-type rearrangement that is facilitated by a syn orientation of the leaving groups, whereas dissociation of 1,2-cis [GPx+Na]+ is more energetic as it involves the formation of an oxocarbenium ion intermediate. Thus, the C1-C2 configuration plays a major role in determining the stability/reactivity of glycosyl phosphate stereoisomers. For 1,2-cis anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions stabilize the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the cyclic protecting groups at the C4 and C6 positions tend to activate the glycosidic bond. The C3 O-benzyl (3 BnO) substituent is key to determining whether the sugar or phosphate moiety retains the sodium cation upon CID. For 1,2-cis anomers, the 3 BnO substituent weakens the glycosidic bond, whereas for 1,2-trans anomers, the 3 BnO substituent stabilizes the glycosidic bond. The C2 O-benzyl substituent does not significantly impact the glycosidic bond stability regardless of its orientation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Podvalnyy NM, Malysheva NN, Panova MV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Orlova AV, Kononov LO. Stereoselective sialylation with O-trifluoroacetylated thiosialosides: hydrogen bonding involved? Carbohydr Res 2017; 451:12-28. [PMID: 28934626 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel sialyl donors containing O-trifluoroacetyl (TFA) groups at various positions was synthesized. The choice of protecting groups in sialyl donors was based on hypothesis that variations in ability of different acyl groups to act as hydrogen bond acceptors would influence the supramolecular structure of reaction mixture (solution structure), hence the outcome of sialylation. These glycosyl donors were examined in the model glycosylation of the primary hydroxyl group of 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose in comparison with sialyl donors without O-TFA groups. The presence of O-TFA groups in a sialyl donor strongly affected the outcome of sialylation. Several sialyl donors studied showed promising results: yields of disaccharides can be as high as 86% as can be the stereoselectivities (α/β up to 15:1). The results obtained suggest that varying acyl O-protecting groups in sialyl donor may result in dramatic changes in the outcome of sialylation although further studies are required to dissect the influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and intramolecular substituent effects related to variations of electron-withdrawing properties of different acyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M Podvalnyy
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N Malysheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Panova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Orlova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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30
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Wang J, Liu R, Yang Y. Rapid and efficient conversion of sialyl thioglycosides to sialyl esters via NIS/BF 3 OEt 2 -promoted glycosylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Escopy S, Geringer SA, De Meo C. Combined Effect of the Picoloyl Protecting Group and Triflic Acid in Sialylation. Org Lett 2017; 19:2638-2641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - Scott A. Geringer
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - Cristina De Meo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
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Amarasekara H, Crich D. Synthesis and intramolecular glycosylation of sialyl mono-esters of o-xylylene glycol. The importance of donor configuration and nitrogen protecting groups on cyclization yield and selectivity; isolation and characterization of a N-sialyl acetamide indicative of participation by acetonitrile. Carbohydr Res 2016; 435:113-120. [PMID: 27744142 PMCID: PMC5110385 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and cyclization reactions, leading to spirocyclic medium ring-sized diolides, of o-(hydroxymethyl)xylylene monoesters of sialyl thioglycosides is described. Cyclization yields and stereoselectivities are found to vary as a function of the anomeric stereochemistry of the thioglycoside and of the N5 protecting group, and these effects are discussed in terms of the reaction mechanism. Cyclization in the presence of acetonitrile results in the isolation and characterization of a Ritter-type N-sialyl acetamide, which affords strong evidence for the participation of acetonitrile in the form of sialyl nitrilium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Shi M, Kleski KA, Trabbic KR, Bourgault JP, Andreana PR. Sialyl-Tn Polysaccharide A1 as an Entirely Carbohydrate Immunogen: Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14264-14272. [PMID: 27726393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kristopher A. Kleski
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kevin R. Trabbic
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Bourgault
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Peter R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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34
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Peña-López M, Neumann H, Beller M. Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonates from Vicinal Diols: Urea as Sustainable Carbonylation Agent. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-López
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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35
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Daum M, Broszeit F, Hoffmann-Röder A. Synthesis of a Fluorinated Sialophorin Hexasaccharide-Threonine Conjugate for Fmoc Solid-Phase Glycopeptide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Daum
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS ) at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Frederik Broszeit
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS ) at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann-Röder
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS ) at the Department of Chemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
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Abstract
Anomeric sulfonium ions are attractive glycosyl donors for the stereoselective installation of 1,2-cis glycosides. Although these donors are receiving increasing attention, their mechanism of glycosylation remains controversial. We have investigated the reaction mechanism of glycosylation of a donor modified at C-2 with a (1S)-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl chiral auxiliary. Preactivation of this donor results in the formation of a bicyclic β-sulfonium ion that after addition of an alcohol undergoes 1,2-cis-glycosylation. To probe the importance of the thiophenyl moiety, analogs were prepared in which this moiety was replaced by an anisoyl or benzyl moiety. Furthermore, the auxiliaries were installed as S- and R-stereoisomers. It was found that the nature of the heteroatom and chirality of the auxiliary greatly influenced the anomeric outcome and only the one containing a thiophenyl moiety and having S-configuration gave consistently α-anomeric products. The sulfonium ions are sufficiently stable at a temperature at which glycosylations proceed indicating that they are viable glycosylation agents. Time-course NMR experiments with the latter donor showed that the initial rates of glycosylations increase with increases in acceptor concentration and the rate curves could be fitted to a second order rate equation. Collectively, these observations support a mechanism by which a sulfonium ion intermediate is formed as a trans-decalin ring system that can undergo glycosylation through a bimolecular mechanism. DFT calculations have provided further insight into the reaction path of glycosylation and indicate that initially a hydrogen-bonded complex is formed between sulfonium ion and acceptor that undergoes SN2-like glycosylation to give an α-anomeric product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yi Gu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Kurimoto K, Yamamura H, Miyagawa A. Sialylation with systematically protected allyl galactoside acceptors using sialyl phosphate donors. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Yin Z, Dulaney S, McKay CS, Baniel C, Kaczanowska K, Ramadan S, Finn MG, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis of GM2 Glycans, Bioconjugation with Bacteriophage Qβ, and the Induction of Anticancer Antibodies. Chembiochem 2016; 17:174-80. [PMID: 26538065 PMCID: PMC4726457 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of carbohydrate-based antitumor vaccines is an attractive approach towards tumor prevention and treatment. Herein, we focused on the ganglioside GM2 tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA), which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumor cells. GM2 was synthesized chemically and conjugated with a virus-like particle derived from bacteriophage Qβ. Although the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction efficiently introduced 237 copies of GM2 per Qβ, this construct failed to induce significant amounts of anti-GM2 antibodies compared to the Qβ control. In contrast, GM2 immobilized on Qβ through a thiourea linker elicited high titers of IgG antibodies that recognized GM2-positive tumor cells and effectively induced cell lysis through complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, bacteriophage Qβ is a suitable platform to boost antibody responses towards GM2, a representative member of an important class of TACA: the ganglioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Steven Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Craig S McKay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Claire Baniel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya, Egypt
| | - M G Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Room 426, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA.
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40
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Lai CH, Hahm HS, Liang CF, Seeberger PH. Automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides containing sialic acids. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:617-21. [PMID: 26124863 PMCID: PMC4464161 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A sialic acid glycosyl phosphate building block was designed and synthesized. This building block was used to prepare α-sialylated oligosaccharides by automated solid-phase synthesis selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Hui Lai
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany ; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chien-Fu Liang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany ; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Bohé L, Crich D. A propos of glycosyl cations and the mechanism of chemical glycosylation; the current state of the art. Carbohydr Res 2015; 403:48-59. [PMID: 25108484 PMCID: PMC4281519 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An overview of recent advances in glycosylation with particular emphasis on mechanism is presented. The mounting evidence for both the existence of glycosyl oxocarbenium ions as fleeting intermediates in some reactions, and the crucial role of the associated counterion in others is discussed. The extremes of the SN1 and SN2 manifolds for the glycosylation reaction are bridged by a continuum of mechanisms in which it appears likely that most examples are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bohé
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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42
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Mandhapati AR, Rajender S, Shaw J, Crich D. The isothiocyanato moiety: an ideal protecting group for the stereoselective synthesis of sialic acid glycosides and subsequent diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:1275-8. [PMID: 25446629 PMCID: PMC4300277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a crystalline, peracetyl adamantanyl thiosialoside donor protected by an isothiocyanate group is described. On activation at -78 °C in the presence of typical carbohydrate acceptors, this donor gives high yields of the corresponding sialosides with exquisite α-selectivity. The high selectivity extends to the 4-O-benzyl-protected 3-OH acceptors, which are typically less reactive and selective than galactose 3,4-diols. Treatment of the α-sialosides with tris(trimethylsilyl)silane or allyltris(trimethylsilyl)silane results in replacement of the C5-N5 bond by a C-H or a C-C bond. The reaction of the isothiocyanate-protected sialosides with thioacids generates amides, while reaction with an amine gives a thiourea, which can be converted into a guanidine. The very high α-selectivities observed with the new donor and the rich chemistry of the isothiocyante function considerably extend the scope for optimization at the sialoside 5-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Appi Reddy Mandhapati
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA, Fax: (+) 313 577 8822, Homepage: chem.wayne.edu/crichgroup
| | - Salla Rajender
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA, Fax: (+) 313 577 8822, Homepage: chem.wayne.edu/crichgroup
| | - Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA, Fax: (+) 313 577 8822, Homepage: chem.wayne.edu/crichgroup
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA, Fax: (+) 313 577 8822, Homepage: chem.wayne.edu/crichgroup
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43
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Mandhapati AR, Rajender S, Shaw J, Crich D. The Isothiocyanato Moiety: An Ideal Protecting Group for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialic Acid Glycosides and Subsequent Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Podvalnyy NM, Zinin AI, Malysheva NN, Kunetskiy RA, Kononov LO. Convenient Synthesis and Purification ofN-Trifluoroacetylated Neuraminic Acid Tetraol: A Key Precursor for the Synthesis of New Sialyl Donors Containing LabileO-Acyl Protecting Groups. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.913058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Kancharla PK, Kato T, Crich D. Probing the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in sialic acid glycosides with the persistent radical effect. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5472-80. [PMID: 24606062 PMCID: PMC4004215 DOI: 10.1021/ja501276r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the investigation of the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in the sialic acid glycosides has been developed on the basis of the equilibration of O-sialyl hydroxylamines by reversible homolytic scission of the glycosidic bond following the dictates of the Fischer-Ingold persistent radical effect. It is found that a trans-fused 4O,5N-oxazolidinone group stabilizes the equatorial glycoside, i.e., reduces the anomeric effect, when compared to the 4O,5N-diacetyl protected systems. This effect is discussed in terms of the powerful electron-withdrawing nature of the oxazolidinone system, which in turn is a function of its strong dipole moment in the mean plane of the pyranose ring system. The new equilibration method displays a small solvent effect and is most pronounced in less polar media consistent with the anomeric effect in general. The unusual (for anomeric radicals) poor kinetic selectivity of anomeric sialyl radicals is discussed in terms of the planar π-type structure of these radicals and of competing 1,3-diaxial interactions in the diastereomeric transition states for trapping on the α- and β-faces of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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46
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Zhang XT, Gu ZY, Xing GW. Comparative studies on the O-sialylation with four different α/β-oriented (N-acetyl)-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected p-toluenethiosialosides as donors. Carbohydr Res 2014; 388:1-7. [PMID: 24594527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four types of 5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected p-toluenethiosialosides were synthesized and their couplings with different acceptors were thoroughly investigated. The results indicate that the sialyl donor structure, the amount of glycosyl acceptor, and the detailed promotion conditions have great influence on the sialylation stereoselectivties and product yields. Under the (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O activation conditions, the glycosylations with simple alcohols provided declined α-selectivities and higher yields with increasing the amounts of acceptors from 1.1 equiv to 2.0equiv. However, the outcome of same sialylation was independent of the relative amounts of sugar alcohol acceptors. With NIS/TfOH as promoter, the α-selectivities of the sialylations were significantly improved compared with the cases activated by (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O. In general, the difference in configuration of N-acetylated sialyl donors (D2 and D4) has little effect on the sialylation yield and stereoselectivity. In contrast, the N-deacetylated α/β sialyl donors (D1 and D3) show complex sialylation profiles with different acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-tai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhen-yuan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guo-wen Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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47
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48
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Kancharla PK, Crich D. Influence of side chain conformation and configuration on glycosyl donor reactivity and selectivity as illustrated by sialic acid donors epimeric at the 7-position. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18999-9007. [PMID: 24261615 PMCID: PMC3917720 DOI: 10.1021/ja410683y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two N-acetyl 4O,5N-oxazolidinone-protected sialyl thioglycosides epimeric at the 7-position have been synthesized and their reactivity and stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions have been compared. It is demonstrated that the natural 7S-donor is both more reactive and more α-selective than the unnatural 7R-isomer. The difference in reactivity is attributed to the side chain conformation and specifically to the proximity of O7 to the anomeric center. In the natural 7S-isomer, O7 is closer to the anomeric center than in its unnatural 7R-epimer and, therefore, better able to support incipient positive charge at the locus of reaction. The difference in selectivity is also attributed to the side conformation, which in the unnatural 7R-series is placed perpendicularly above the α-face of the donor and so shields it to a greater extent than in the 7S-series. These observations are consistent with earlier conclusions on the influence of the side chain conformation on reactivity and selectivity derived from conformationally locked models in the glucose and galactose series and corroborate the suggestion that those effects are predominantly stereoelectronic rather than torsional. The possible relevance of side chain conformation as a factor in the influence of glycosylation stereoselectivity by remote protecting groups and as a control element in enzymic processes for glycosidic bond formation and hydrolysis are discussed. Methods for assignment of the anomeric configuration in the sialic acid glycosides are critically surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Adak AK, Yu CC, Liang CF, Lin CC. Synthesis of sialic acid-containing saccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:1030-8. [PMID: 24182749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a diverse family of negatively charged monosaccharides with a shared nine-carbon carboxylated backbone, and they often serve as the terminal positions of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Sialic acids play essential roles in mediating or modulating numerous pathological, biological, and immunological recognition events. Advances in synthesis have provided chemically well-defined and structurally homogeneous sialic acid-containing carbohydrates that are crucial for studying glycobiology. This review highlights recent innovations in the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of difficult α-sialosides, with a particular focus on methods developed for α-selective sialylation in the synthesis of O-linked and S-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit K Adak
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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50
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Corcilius L, Payne RJ. Stereoselective Synthesis of Sialylated Tumor-Associated Glycosylamino Acids. Org Lett 2013; 15:5794-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Corcilius
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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