1
|
Kalník M, Gabko P, Bella M, Koóš M. The Bucherer-Bergs Multicomponent Synthesis of Hydantoins-Excellence in Simplicity. Molecules 2021; 26:4024. [PMID: 34209381 PMCID: PMC8271528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydantoins and their hybrids with other molecules represent a very important group of heterocycles because they exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities in medicinal and agrochemical applications. They also serve as key precursors in the chemical or enzymatic synthesis of significant nonnatural α-amino acids and their conjugates with medical potential. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of the synthesis of hydantoins via the Bucherer-Bergs reaction including the Hoyer modification but limited to free carbonyl compounds or carbonyl compounds protected as acetals (ketals) and cyanohydrins used as starting reaction components. In this respect, the Bucherer-Bergs reaction provides an efficient and simple method in the synthesis of important natural products as well as for the preparation of new organic compounds applicable as potential therapeutics. The scope and limitations, as well as a comparison with some other methods for preparing hydantoins, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miroslav Koóš
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.K.); (P.G.); (M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Dai Z, Xiong C, Zhu J, Lu J, Zhou Q. Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Aldimine Esters with Vinyl‐Cyclopropanes to Yield α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of ChemistryChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fritschi SP, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Lactones viaRing Transformation of 4-( ω-Hydroxyalkyl)-1,3-oxazol-5(4 H)-ones. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P. Fritschi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta R, Chaudhary RP. Studies on Orientation of Cyclization in Thiazolo-Quinazoline Heterocyclic System Through NMR, DFT, and X-ray Diffraction. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology; Longowal (Sangrur) Punjab 148106 India
| | - R. P. Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry; Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology; Longowal (Sangrur) Punjab 148106 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grymel M, Kuźnik A, Mazurkiewicz R. N-Acyl-α-Triphenylphosphonio-α-Amino Acid Esters as Synthetic Equivalents of α-Amino Acid α-Cations. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.947412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, PL 44–100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, PL 44–100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, PL 44–100 Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arnhold FS, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Synthesis of Aib- and Phe(2Me)-Containing Cyclopentapeptides. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Drabina P, Horáková E, Růžičková Z, Sedlák M. Henry reaction catalyzed by new series of imidazolidine-4-one Cu-complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
8
|
Laga E, García‐Montero A, Sayago FJ, Soler T, Moncho S, Cativiela C, Martínez M, Urriolabeitia EP. Cyclopalladation and Reactivity of Amino Esters through CH Bond Activation: Experimental, Kinetic, and Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:17398-412. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Laga
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| | - Angel García‐Montero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| | - Francisco J. Sayago
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Técnicos de Investigación, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente de Raspeig, Alicante (Spain)
| | - Salvador Moncho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| | - Manuel Martínez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Química, Martí i Franquès 1‐11, 08028 Barcelona (Spain), Fax: (+34) 934021265
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. de Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain), Fax: (+34) 976761187
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ingole PG, Thakare NR, Kim K, Bajaj HC, Singh K, Lee H. Preparation, characterization and performance evaluation of separation of alcohol using crosslinked membrane materials. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
10
|
Sen S, Kamma SR, Potti VR, Murthy Y, Chaudhary AB. Diversity-oriented synthesis of amino acids using chiral enolates. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
11
|
Dickstein JS, Fennie MW, Norman AL, Paulose BJ, Kozlowski MC. Three component coupling of alpha-iminoesters via umpolung addition of organometals: synthesis of alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acids. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 130:15794-5. [PMID: 18983153 DOI: 10.1021/ja8073006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acids by means of a three component coupling is reported. The coupling occurs through umpolung addition of organometallic reagents to the nitrogen of alpha-iminoesters. The resulting enolate intermediates subsequently react with electrophiles (aldehydes, imines, alpha,beta-unsaturated nitro, alkyl halides, acyl cyanides) to form a quaternary center. Tethering of the electrophile and nucleophile components provides cyclic alpha,alpha-disubstituted alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Dickstein
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heimgartner H, P. Fritschi S, Linden A. Synthesis of Macrocyclic Lactams from 2-(ω-Aminoalkyl)-2-benzoylamino-3-phenyl-N,N-dimethylpropanamides via Direct Amide Cyclization. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(d)76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Mosey RA, Fisk JS, Tepe JJ. Stereoselective syntheses of quaternary substituted α-amino acids using oxazol-5-(4H)-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
14
|
Brun K, Linden A, Heimgartner H. Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Pentapeptides Containing Enantiomerically Pure 2,2-Disubstituted Glycines. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Maity P, König B. Enantio- and diastereoselective syntheses of cyclic Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids and their use to induce stable conformations in short peptides. Biopolymers 2007; 90:8-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
16
|
Kuethe JT, Gauthier DR, Beutner GL, Yasuda N. A Concise Synthesis of (S)-N-Ethoxycarbonyl-α-methylvaline. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7469-72. [PMID: 17713956 DOI: 10.1021/jo7012862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient protocol for the three-step synthesis of (S)-N-ethoxycarbonyl-alpha-methylvaline 3 is described which utilizes readily available commercial starting materials. The key transformations involve resolution-crystallization of tartrate salt 6 followed by a one-pot procedure for the preparation of 3 which is isolated as the dicyclohexylamine salt in 45% overall yield and in 91-95% ee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kuethe
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vogt H, Baumann T, Nieger M, Bräse S. Direct Asymmetric α-Sulfamidation of α-Branched Aldehydes: A Novel Approach to Enamine Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
18
|
Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Construction of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Ohfune
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi‐ku, Osaka 558‐8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi‐ku, Osaka 558‐8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chu XJ, Bartkovitz D, Danho W, Swistok J, Cheung AWH, Kurylko G, Rowan K, Yeon M, Franco L, Qi L, Chen L, Yagaloff K. Discovery of 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid and its influence on agonist selectivity between human melanocortin-4 and -1 receptors in linear pentapeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4910-4. [PMID: 16169218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Linear pentapeptides (Penta-cis-Apc-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH2) containing 1-amino-4-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-Apc) and substituted Apc are potent hMC4R agonists and they are inactive or weakly active in hMC1R, hMC3R, and hMC5R agonist assays. This study, together with our earlier report on 5-BrAtc, demonstrated the importance of replacing His6 with phenyl-containing rigid templates in achieving good hMC4R agonist potency and selectivity against hMC1R in linear pentapeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Chu
- Roche Research Center, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Obrecht D, Abrecht C, Altorfer M, Bohdal U, Grieder A, Kleber M, Pfyffer P, Müller K. Synthesis, Conformational Properties, and Synthetic Applications of Novel Optically Pure α,α-Disubstituted (R)- and (S)-Glycines (‘α-Chimeras’) Combining Side Chains of Asp, Glu, Leu, Phe, Ser, and Val. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19960790508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Masquelin T, Broger E, Müller K, Schmid R, Obrecht D. Synthesis of Enantiomerically PureD- andL-(Heteroaryl)alanines by asymmetric hydrogenation of (Z)-α-amino-αβ-didehydro esters. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
22
|
Obrecht D, Karajiannis H, Lehmann C, Schönholzer P, Spiegler C, Müller K. An Efficient Synthesis of Optically Pure (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)alanine ((R)- and (S)-ama) and (R)- and (S)-2-(aminomethyl)leucine ((R)- and (S)-aml). Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
A Reinvestigation of the α-Alkylation of 4-Monosubstituted 2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones (‘azlactones’): A general entry into highly functionalized α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
24
|
Obrecht D, Bohdal U, Broger C, Bur D, Lehmann C, Ruffieux R, Schönholzer P, Spiegler C, Müller K. L-Phenylalanine Cyclohexylamide: A simple and convenient auxiliary for the synthesis of optically pure α,α-disubstituted (R)- and (S)-amino acids. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Obrecht D, Lehmann C, Ruffieux R, Schönholzer P, Müller K. Novel open-chain and cyclic conformationally constrained (R)- and (S)-α,α-disubstituted tyrosine analogues. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Synthesis of α,α-disubstituted 4-phosphonophenylalanine analogues as conformationally-constrained phosphotyrosyl mimetics. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
28
|
Highly diastereoselective synthesis of new, carbostyril-based type of conformationally-constrained β-phenylserines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)01172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Asymmetric Strecker Route toward the Synthesis of Biologically Active α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acids. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2003. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.76.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
30
|
Cheung AWH, Danho W, Swistok J, Qi L, Kurylko G, Rowan K, Yeon M, Franco L, Chu XJ, Chen L, Yagaloff K. Structure-activity relationship of linear peptide Bu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-NH(2) at the human melanocortin-1 and -4 receptors: histidine substitution. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:133-7. [PMID: 12467633 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic substitution of His(6) residue using non-selective hMC4R pentapeptide agonist (Bu-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2)) as the template led to the identification of Bu-Atc(6)(2-aminotetraline-2-carboxylic acid)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2) which showed moderate selectivity towards hMC4R over hMC1R. Further SAR studies resulted in the discovery of Penta-5-BrAtc(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2) and Penta-5-Me(2)NAtc(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Gly(10)-NH(2) which are potent hMC4R agonists and are inactive in hMC1R, hMC3R and hMC5R agonist assays.
Collapse
|
31
|
Toniolo C, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Peggion C. Control of peptide conformation by the Thorpe-Ingold effect (C alpha-tetrasubstitution). Biopolymers 2002; 60:396-419. [PMID: 12209474 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(2001)60:6<396::aid-bip10184>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The preferred conformations of peptides heavily based on the currently extensively exploited achiral and chiral alpha-amino acids with a quaternary alpha-carbon atom, as determined by conformational energy computations, crystal-state (x-ray diffraction) analyses, and solution ((1)H-NMR and spectroscopic) investigations, are reviewed. It is concluded that 3(10)/alpha-helical structures and the fully extended (C(5)) conformation are preferentially adopted by peptide sequences characterized by this family of amino acids, depending upon overall bulkiness and nature (e.g., whether acyclic or C(alpha) (i) <--> C(alpha) (i) cyclized) of their side chains. The intriguing relationship between alpha-carbon chirality and bend/helix handedness is also illustrated. gamma-Bends and semiextended conformations are rarely observed. Formation of beta-sheet structures is prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Toniolo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stalker RA, Munsch TE, Tran JD, Nie X, Warmuth R, Beatty A, Aakeröy CB. Asymmetric synthesis of two new conformationally constrained lysine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
33
|
Becker DP, DeCrescenzo G, Freskos J, Getman DP, Hockerman SL, Li M, Mehta P, Munie GE, Swearingen C. alpha-Alkyl-alpha-amino-beta-sulphone hydroxamates as potent MMP inhibitors that spare MMP-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2723-5. [PMID: 11591510 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of alpha-alkyl-alpha-amino-beta-sulphone hydroxamates was prepared and evaluated for potency versus MMP-2 and MMP-13, and for selectivity versus MMP-1. Low nanomolar potency was obtained with selectivity versus MMP-1 ranging from >10 to >1000. Selected compounds were orally bioavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P Becker
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Inflammation-Oncology, Pharmacia Research & Development, 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, IL 60077, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Synthesis and resolution of β2,2-HBin, the first enantiomerically stable β-amino acid with chirality only due to axial dissymmetry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Fiammengo R, Licini G, Nicotra A, Modena G, Pasquato L, Scrimin P, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B. Duality of mechanism in the tetramethylfluoroformamidinium hexafluorophosphate-mediated synthesis of N-benzyloxycarbonylamino acid fluorides. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5905-10. [PMID: 11511270 DOI: 10.1021/jo0009393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fiammengo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Università di Padova, and Centro Meccanismi Reazioni Organiche del CNR, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Warmuth R, Munsch TE, Stalker RA, Li B, Beatty A. Enantioselective synthesis of benzocyclic α,α-dialkyl-amino acids: new insight into the solvent dependent stereoselectivity of the TMSCN addition to phenylglycinol derived imines. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
38
|
Olajos E, Peter A, Casimir R, Tourwe D. HPLC enantioseparation of phenylalanine analogs by application of (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester as a new chiral derivatizing agent. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
39
|
Aldrich JV, Zheng QI, Murray TF. Dynorphin A analogs containing a conformationally constrained phenylalanine derivative in position 4: reversal of preferred stereochemistry for opioid receptor affinity and discrimination of kappa vs. delta receptors. Chirality 2001; 13:125-9. [PMID: 11270320 DOI: 10.1002/1520-636x(2001)13:3<125::aid-chir1008>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of the opioid peptide [D-Ala8]dynorphin A-(1-11)NH2 containing optically pure (R)- and (S)-2-aminotetralin-2-carboxylic acid (Atc) in position 4 were synthesized and evaluated for opioid receptor affinity. These peptides are the first reported dynorphin A analogs containing a conformationally constrained amino acid in place of the important aromatic residue Phe4. By incorporating resolved Atc isomers, the opioid receptor affinity and the stereochemistry of the constrained residue could be unambiguously correlated. Both Dyn A analogs containing Atc in position 4 retained nanomolar affinity for kappa and mu opioid receptors. Unexpectedly the peptide containing (R)-Atc, corresponding to a conformationally constrained D-Phe analog, displaying higher affinity for both kappa and mu receptors than the peptide containing (S)-Atc. In contrast [D-Phe4,D-Ala8]Dyn A-(1-11)NH2 exhibited significantly lower affinity for kappa and mu receptors than the parent peptide, as expected. Conformational restriction of the Phe4 sidechain or incorporation of D-Phe in position 4 had the largest effect on delta receptor affinity, yielding compounds with negligible affinity for these receptors. Thus, there appear to be distinctly different structural requirements for this residue for kappa vs. delta receptors, and it is possible to completely distinguish between these two receptors by changing a single residue in Dyn A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V Aldrich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Avenoza A, Barriobero JI, Cativiela C, Fernández-Recio MA, Peregrina JM, Rodrı́guez F. New synthesis of all four 1-amino-2-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acids. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Christoffers J, Mann A. New auxiliaries for copper-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reactions: generation of quaternary stereocenters at room temperature. Chemistry 2001; 7:1014-27. [PMID: 11303862 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010302)7:5<1014::aid-chem1014>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dialkyl amides of L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-tert-leucine (2) are excellent chiral auxiliaries for the construction of quaternary stereocenters at ambient temperature. Enaminoesters 3, prepared from these auxiliaries 2 and Michael donors 1, undergo a copper-catalyzed asymmetric Michael reaction with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK, 4) to afford products 5 in 70-90% yield and 90-99% ee (enantiomeric excess). The exclusion of moisture or oxygen is not necessary. The auxiliaries 2 are readily available by standard procedures. After workup they can be recovered almost quantitatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Christoffers
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Brauer DJ, Schenk S, Roßenbach S, Tepper M, Stelzer O, Häusler T, Sheldrick WS. Water soluble phosphines. J Organomet Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Péter A, Olajos E, Casimir R, Tourwé D, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Armstrong DW. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the enantiomers of unusual alpha-amino acid analogues. J Chromatogr A 2000; 871:105-13. [PMID: 10735291 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00889-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The direct and indirect stereochemical resolution of the enantiomers of ring- and alpha-methyl-substituted phenylalanines and phenylalanine amides was attempted by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. The direct separation was carried out on two chiral stationary phases, the crown-ether-based Crownpak CR(+), and the teicoplanin-based Chirobiotic T, while the indirect resolution was performed by applying pre-column derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate (GITC) and Nalpha-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-L-alanine amide (Marfey's reagent, FDAA). The Chirobiotic T column was efficient in the separation of ring- and alpha-methyl-substituted phenylalanine analogues, but was ineffective for the amides of these analogues. The Crownpak CR(+) column separated the ring-substituted phenylalanines and amides, whereas the alpha-methylated analogues were coeluted. Of the two indirect methods, GITC derivatization seemed more effective than FDAA derivatization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Attila József University, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Heimgartner H, Arnhold FS, Fritschi SP, Koch KN, Magirius JEF, Linden A. 1,3-Oxazol-5(4H)-ones as intermediates in the formation of macrolides, cyclodepsipeptides and cyclopeptides. J Heterocycl Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570360614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Gibson (née Thomas) SE, Guillo N, Tozer MJ. Towards control of χ-space: Conformationally constrained analogues of Phe, Tyr, Trp and His. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Novel peptide mimetic building blocks and strategies for efficient lead finding. ADVANCES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1067-5698(99)80003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
50
|
Darula Z, Péter A, Tóth G. Tritiated deltorphin analogues with high specific radioactivity and high affinity and selectivity for delta opioid receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199710)39:10<817::aid-jlcr28>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|