1
|
Chatzidavid S, Kontandreopoulou CN, Giannakopoulou N, Diamantopoulos PT, Stafylidis C, Kyrtsonis MC, Dimou M, Panayiotidis P, Viniou NA. The Role of Methylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Prognostic and Therapeutic Impacts in the Disease: A Systematic Review. Adv Hematol 2024; 2024:1370364. [PMID: 38435839 PMCID: PMC10907108 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1370364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation has been thoroughly investigated in recent years and has emerged as an important aspect of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) biology. Characteristic aberrant features such as methylation patterns and global DNA hypomethylation were the early findings of the research during the last decades. The investigation in this field led to the identification of a large number of genes where methylation features correlated with important clinical and laboratory parameters. Gene-specific analyses investigated methylation in the gene body enhancer regions as well as promoter regions. The findings included genes and proteins involved in key pathways that play central roles in the pathophysiology of the disease. Τhe application of these findings beyond the theoretical understanding can not only lead to the creation of prognostic and predictive models and scores but also to the design of novel therapeutic agents. The following is a review focusing on the present knowledge about single gene/gene promoter methylation or mRNA expression in CLL cases as well as records of older data that have been published in past papers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevastianos Chatzidavid
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease Center, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Nefeli Kontandreopoulou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Stafylidis
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marie-Christine Kyrtsonis
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dimou
- Hematology Section of the First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Panayiotidis
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora-Athina Viniou
- Hematology Unit, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hematology Department, Iatriko Kentro Palaiou Falirou, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li CC, Lu CY, Hsu CH, Hsieh DJY, Wang TF, Ho TJ, Kuo WW, Day CH, Liao SC, Chen MC, Huang CY. Calycosin inhibits gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells proliferation through modulation of the LDOC1/GNL3L/NFκB. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:189-199. [PMID: 37635478 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-23-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer worldwide. Combination therapies are urgently needed to increase patient survival. Calycosin is a phytoestrogen isoflavone that has been reported previously to inhibit tumor cell growth, although its effects on lung cancer remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calycosin on cell proliferation and apoptosis of gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells. Using calycosin to treat human lung cancer cells (CL1-0) and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells (CL1-0 GEMR) and examine the effects on the cells. Cultured human lung cancer cells (CL1-0) and gemcitabine-resistant lung cancer cells (CL1-0 GEMR) were treated with increasing concentrations of calycosin. Cell viability and apoptosis were studied by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. Western blots were used to measure the expression levels of proliferation-related proteins and cancer stem cell proteins in CL1-0 GEMR cells. The results showed that calycosin treatment inhibited cell proliferation, decreased cell migration ability, and suppressed cancer stem cell properties in CL1-0 GEMR cells. Interestingly, in CL1-0 GEMR cells, calycosin treatment not only increased LDOC1 but also decreased GNL3L/NFκB protein levels and mRNA levels, in concentration-dependent manners. We speculate that calycosin inhibited cell proliferation of the gemcitabine-resistant cell line through regulating the LDOC1/GNL3L/NFκB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Cheng Li
- Center of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital; School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tso-Fu Wang
- College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital; Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; School of Post-Baccalaure Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology; Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shih-Chieh Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Chen S, Chen C, Li A, Wei Z. Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 may serve as a favorable prognostic biomarker by influencing proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration ability in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:900951. [PMID: 35957693 PMCID: PMC9358146 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) inhibits tumor growth in several cancers. However, the expression and function of LDOC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate how LDOC1 influenced tumor progression and the biological functions of HCC. Methods: The transcription levels of LDOC1 were determined using the GEPIA and UALCAN online databases and a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the protein levels of LDOC1. The online Kaplan-Meier Plotter was applied for survival analysis. Then lentivirus transfection was used to construct LDOC1 exogenous overexpression cell lines. Proliferation, clone formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration assays were performed with the LDOC1-upregulated Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. The phosphorylated and total levels of AKT and mTOR were determined using a Western blot to explore the potential molecular mechanism of LDOC1. Results: In the GEPIA and UALCAN analyses, LDOC1 was lowly expressed in tumors, had high expression in normal tissue samples (p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with tumor grade progression. The down-regulation of LDOC1 in HCC was validated with real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (all p < 0.05). LDOC1 transcription levels were negatively associated with overall, progression-free, recurrence-free, and disease-specific survival (all p < 0.05). The functional experiments suggested that the overexpression of LDOC1 contributed to increased G1 and G2 stages in Huh7, while increased G2 stage in Hep3B, and decreased cell proliferation, clone formation, and migration, as well as increased the apoptosis rate compared with the control group (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, LDOC1 up-regulation reduced the p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR, which indicates an inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusion: The tumor-suppressor LDOC1 varied in HCC and non-HCC tissues, which can serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker. LDOC1 influenced survival by affecting proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration ability, which might be attributed to the AKT/mTOR inhibition in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, GX, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, GX, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, GX, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, GX, China
| | - Zhixiao Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, GX, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixiao Wei,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aubin RG, Troisi EC, Montelongo J, Alghalith AN, Nasrallah MP, Santi M, Camara PG. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition of pediatric posterior fossa ependymoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3936. [PMID: 35803925 PMCID: PMC9270322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric ependymoma is a devastating brain cancer marked by its relapsing pattern and lack of effective chemotherapies. This shortage of treatments is due to limited knowledge about ependymoma tumorigenic mechanisms. By means of single-nucleus chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiling of posterior fossa primary tumors and distal metastases, we reveal key transcription factors and enhancers associated with the differentiation of ependymoma tumor cells into tumor-derived cell lineages and their transition into a mesenchymal-like state. We identify NFκB, AP-1, and MYC as mediators of this transition, and show that the gene expression profiles of tumor cells and infiltrating microglia are consistent with abundant pro-inflammatory signaling between these populations. In line with these results, both TGF-β1 and TNF-α induce the expression of mesenchymal genes on a patient-derived cell model, and TGF-β1 leads to an invasive phenotype. Altogether, these data suggest that tumor gliosis induced by inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress underlies the mesenchymal phenotype of posterior fossa ependymoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael G Aubin
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emma C Troisi
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Javier Montelongo
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam N Alghalith
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maclean P Nasrallah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pablo G Camara
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shreeve N, Depierreux D, Hawkes D, Traherne JA, Sovio U, Huhn O, Jayaraman J, Horowitz A, Ghadially H, Perry JRB, Moffett A, Sled JG, Sharkey AM, Colucci F. The CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptor educates uterine NK cells to optimize pregnancy outcomes in humans and mice. Immunity 2021; 54:1231-1244.e4. [PMID: 33887202 PMCID: PMC8211638 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The conserved CD94/NKG2A inhibitory receptor is expressed by nearly all human and ∼50% of mouse uterine natural killer (uNK) cells. Binding human HLA-E and mouse Qa-1, NKG2A drives NK cell education, a process of unknown physiological importance influenced by HLA-B alleles. Here, we show that NKG2A genetic ablation in dams mated with wild-type males caused suboptimal maternal vascular responses in pregnancy, accompanied by perturbed placental gene expression, reduced fetal weight, greater rates of smaller fetuses with asymmetric growth, and abnormal brain development. These are features of the human syndrome pre-eclampsia. In a genome-wide association study of 7,219 pre-eclampsia cases, we found a 7% greater relative risk associated with the maternal HLA-B allele that does not favor NKG2A education. These results show that the maternal HLA-B→HLA-E→NKG2A pathway contributes to healthy pregnancy and may have repercussions on offspring health, thus establishing the physiological relevance for NK cell education. Video Abstract
CD94/NKG2A educates uterine NK cells NKG2A-deficient dams display reduced utero-placental hemodynamic adaptations Asymmetric growth restriction and abnormal brain development in NKG2A-deficient dams Non-functional HLA-B→HLA-E→NKG2A pathway exposes women to greater pre-eclampsia risk
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Shreeve
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Delphine Depierreux
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Delia Hawkes
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
| | | | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oisin Huhn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Jyothi Jayaraman
- University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neurobiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir Horowitz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Precision Immunology Institute and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John G Sled
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew M Sharkey
- University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK; University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whiteley AM, Prado MA, de Poot SAH, Paulo JA, Ashton M, Dominguez S, Weber M, Ngu H, Szpyt J, Jedrychowski MP, Easton A, Gygi SP, Kurz T, Monteiro MJ, Brown EJ, Finley D. Global proteomics of Ubqln2-based murine models of ALS. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100153. [PMID: 33277362 PMCID: PMC7873701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial neurodegenerative diseases commonly involve mutations that result in either aberrant proteins or dysfunctional components of the proteolytic machinery that act on aberrant proteins. UBQLN2 is a ubiquitin receptor of the UBL/UBA family that binds the proteasome through its ubiquitin-like domain and is thought to deliver ubiquitinated proteins to proteasomes for degradation. UBQLN2 mutations result in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia in humans through an unknown mechanism. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics was used to provide for the first time an unbiased and global analysis of the role of Ubqln2 in controlling the composition of the proteome. We studied several murine models of Ubqln2-linked ALS and also generated Ubqln2 null mutant mice. We identified impacts of Ubqln2 on diverse physiological pathways, most notably serotonergic signaling. Interestingly, we observed an upregulation of proteasome subunits, suggesting a compensatory response to diminished proteasome output. Among the specific proteins whose abundance is linked to UBQLN2 function, the strongest hits were the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 and two retroelement-derived proteins, PEG10 and CXX1B. Cycloheximide chase studies using induced human neurons and HEK293 cells suggested that PEG10 and TRIM32 are direct clients. Although UBQLN2 directs the degradation of multiple proteins via the proteasome, it surprisingly conferred strong protection from degradation on the Gag-like protein CXX1B, which is expressed from the same family of retroelement genes as PEG10. In summary, this study charts the proteomic landscape of ALS-related Ubqln2 mutants and identifies candidate client proteins that are altered in vivo in disease models and whose degradation is promoted by UBQLN2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marissa Ashton
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Dominguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thimo Kurz
- Henry Wellcome Lab of Cell Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mervyn J Monteiro
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wanka G, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Fuerst S, Kuhn C, Mahner S, Knabl J, Karsten MM, Dannecker C, Heidegger HH, Vattai A, Jeschke U, Jueckstock J. LDOC1 as Negative Prognostic Marker for Vulvar Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239287. [PMID: 33291445 PMCID: PMC7730493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, studies about targeted therapies and predictive biomarkers for vulva carcinomas are rare. The leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 gene (LDOC1) has been identified in various carcinomas as a tumor-relevant protein influencing patients' survival and prognosis. Due to the lack of information about LDOC1 and its exact functionality, this study focuses on the expression of LDOC1 in vulvar carcinoma cells and its surrounding immune cells as well as its correlation to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Additionally, a possible regulation of LDOC1 in vulvar cancer cell lines via the NF-κB signaling pathway was analyzed. Vulvar carcinoma sections of 157 patients were immunohistochemically stained and examined regarding LDOC1 expression by using the immunoreactive score (IRS). To characterize LDOC1-positively stained immune cell subpopulations, immunofluorescence double staining was performed. The effect of the NF-κB inhibitor C-DIM 12 (3,3'-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylene]bis[1 H-indole]) on vulvar cancer cell lines A431 and SW 954 was measured according to MTT and BrdU assays. Baseline expression levels of LDOC1 in the vulvar cancer cell lines A431 and SW 954 was analyzed by real-time PCR. LDOC1 was expressed by about 90% of the cancer cells in the cytoplasm and about half of the cells in the nucleus. Cytoplasmatic expression of LDOC1 was associated with decreased ten-year overall survival of the patient, whereas nuclear staining showed a negative association with disease-free survival. Infiltrating immune cells were mainly macrophages followed by regulatory T cells. Incubation with C-DIM 12 decreased the cell viability and proliferation of vulvar cancer cell line A431, but not of cell line SW 954. LDOC1 expression on mRNA level was twice as high in the cell line A431 compared to the cell line SW 954. Overexpression of LDOC1 was associated with unfavorable overall and disease-free survival. Tumor growth could be inhibited by C-DIM 12 in vitro if the expressed LDOC1 level was high enough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Wanka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 142, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Sophie Fuerst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Julia Knabl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics, Klinik Hallerwiese, Sankt-Johannis-Mühlgasse 19, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Maria Margarete Karsten
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Charité University, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Dannecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglin Street 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Helene H. Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglin Street 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-821-400-165505
| | - Julia Jueckstock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (G.W.); (S.F.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.K.); (H.H.H.); (A.V.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
LDOC1 Suppresses Microbe-Induced Production of IL-1β in Human Normal and Cancerous Oral Cells through the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113148. [PMID: 33120999 PMCID: PMC7694066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral microbes often proliferate due to poor oral hygiene (POH). POH is associated with OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). We investigated the role of LDOC1 in the production of IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC, induced by microorganisms in human oral cells. Candida albicans (CA) was detected in OSCC tissues. CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than in LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in carcinogen-treated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function resulted in increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production. LDOC1 deficiency increased active pAktS473 upon SC5314 stimulation and inactive pGSK-3βS9 phosphorylated by pAktS473. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A reduced the SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting LDOC1 may determine the role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC. Abstract Poor oral hygiene (POH) is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral microbes often proliferate due to POH. Array data show that LDOC1 plays a role in immunity against pathogens. We investigated whether LDOC1 regulates the production of oral microbe-induced IL-1β, an oncogenic proinflammatory cytokine in OSCC. We demonstrated the presence of Candida albicans (CA) in 11.3% of OSCC tissues (n = 80). CA and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulate higher levels of IL-1β secretion by LDOC1-deficient OSCC cells than by LDOC1-expressing oral cells. CA SC5314 increased OSCC incidence in 4-NQO (a synthetic tobacco carcinogen) and arecoline-cotreated mice. Loss and gain of LDOC1 function significantly increased and decreased, respectively, CA SC5314-induced IL-1β production in oral and OSCC cell lines. Mechanistic studies showed that LDOC1 deficiency increased active phosphorylated Akt upon CA SC5314 stimulation and subsequent inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3βS9 by activated Akt. PI3K and Akt inhibitors and expression of the constitutively active mutant GSK-3βS9A significantly reduced the CA SC5314-stimulated IL-1β production in LDOC1-deficient cells. These results indicate that the PI3K/Akt/pGSK-3β signaling pathway contributes to LDOC1-mediated inhibition of oral microbe-induced IL-1β production, suggesting that LDOC1 may determine the pathogenic role of oral microbes in POH-associated OSCC.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao S, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Li Z, Ma X, Wu L, Li W, Du M, Ji H, Qin G. LDOC1 is differentially expressed in thyroid cancer and display tumor-suppressive function in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:985-997. [PMID: 31889386 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) has been proposed as a regulator of transcription and cell signaling. We have previously demonstrated that LDOC1 is differentially expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), this study was designed to characterize LDOC1 expression in thyroid follicle originated cancer tissues and to specifically evaluate its function in thyroid carcinogenesis. LDOC1 expression was performed in human normal thyroid and thyroid cancer. LDOC1 function was characterized, in two PTC cell lines (TPC1 and BCPAP), through the analysis of in vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion along with in vivo tumor xenograft growth. Transduced BCPAP cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor α, and the levels of nuclear P65, Bax, Bcl-2, c-Myc, and XIAP were assessed. A luciferase reporter assay was used to measure nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, and the functional connection between LDOC1 effect and NF-κB activity was determined using a specific NF-κB inhibitor. Our results revealed that LDOC1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in human thyroid cancer, and was significantly downregulated in PTC compared with normal thyroid. LDOC1 overexpression in TPC1 resulted in a significant suppression of the malignant phenotype, whereas LDOC1 ablation in BCPAP promoted this phenotype. Additional studies demonstrated that LDOC1 ablation facilitated nuclear P65 expression and NF-κB activity. NF-κB inhibition reversed the effects of LDOC1 ablation on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Our findings confirmed that LDOC1 is a novel therapeutic target in PTC and provides new insight into the role of LDOC1 in PTC progression, through NF-κΒ signaling suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiying Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim JY, Kim JK, Kim H. ABCB7 simultaneously regulates apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death by modulating mitochondrial ROS and HIF1α-driven NFκB signaling. Oncogene 2019; 39:1969-1982. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
11
|
Jiang J, Li Y, Jiang Z. Effects of LDOC1 on colorectal cancer cells via downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3281-3291. [PMID: 31002361 PMCID: PMC6488979 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumor types of the digestive tract. Its incidence and mortality rates are among the highest of all gastrointestinal tumor types. The expression of leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) is decreased in numerous cancer types. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the role of LDOC1 and determine the potential molecular mechanisms of its action in CRC. The expression of LDOC1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. LDOC1 expression in four CRC cell lines, compared with normal colorectal tissue, was determined by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and two cell lines with relatively low expression were screened. Human LDOC1 cDNA was inserted into a lentiviral vector, and transfected into HCT-116 and Caco2 cell lines. The transfection efficiency was identified by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry assay. Migration and invasion were assessed using Transwell and Matrigel assays, respectively. Additionally, whether LDOC1 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was investigated by western blot analysis, and the expression and localization of β-catenin in CRC cells were demonstrated by cellular immunofluorescence. LDOC1 expression was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. LDOC1 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted cells apoptosis. Furthermore, LDOC1 downregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC. In conclusion, LDOC1 is a tumor suppressor in CRC and it inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis. Additionally, it inhibits CRC cell metastasis by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - You Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identification of Differentially Expressed Non-coding RNA in Porcine Alveolar Macrophages from Tongcheng and Large White Pigs Responded to PRRSV. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15621. [PMID: 30353051 PMCID: PMC6199292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most ruinous diseases in pig production. Our previous work showed that Tongcheng pigs (TC) were less susceptible to PRRS virus (PRRSV) than Large White (LW) pigs. To elucidate the difference in PRRSV resistance between the two breeds, small RNA-seq and ribo-zero RNA-seq were used to identify differentially expressed non-coding RNAs (including miRNAs and lincRNAs) responded to PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from TC and LW pigs. Totally, 250 known mature miRNAs were detected. For LW pigs, there were 44 down-regulated and 67 up-regulated miRNAs in infection group; while for TC pigs, 12 down-regulated and 23 up-regulated miRNAs in TC infection group were identified. The target genes of the common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in these two breeds were enriched in immune-related processes, including apoptosis process, inflammatory response, T cell receptor signaling pathway and so on. In addition, 5 shared DEmiRNAs (miR-181, miR-1343, miR-296-3p, miR-199a-3p and miR-34c) were predicted to target PRRSV receptors, of which miR-199a-3p was validated to inhibit the expression of CD151. Interestingly, miR-378 and miR-10a-5p, which could inhibit PRRSV replication, displayed higher expression level in TC control group than that in LW control group. Contrarily, miR-145-5p and miR-328, which were specifically down-regulated in LW pigs, could target inhibitory immunoreceptors and may involve in immunosuppression caused by PRRSV. This indicates that DEmiRNAs are involved in the regulation of the immunosuppression and immune escape of the two breeds. Furthermore, we identified 616 lincRNA transcripts, of which 48 and 30 lincRNAs were differentially expressed in LW and TC pigs, respectively. LincRNA TCONS_00125566 may play an important role in the entire regulatory network, and was predicted to regulate the expression of immune-related genes through binding with miR-1343 competitively. In conclusion, this study provides an important resource for further revealing the interaction between host and virus, which will specify a new direction for anti-PRRSV research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Griesinger AM, Witt DA, Grob ST, Georgio Westover SR, Donson AM, Sanford B, Mulcahy Levy JM, Wong R, Moreira DC, DeSisto JA, Balakrishnan I, Hoffman LM, Handler MH, Jones KL, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S, Foreman NK. NF-κB upregulation through epigenetic silencing of LDOC1 drives tumor biology and specific immunophenotype in Group A ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1350-1360. [PMID: 28510691 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation has been identified as a hallmark of high-risk Group A (GpA) ependymoma (EPN). Chronic interleukin (IL)-6 secretion from GpA tumors drives an immune suppressive phenotype by polarizing infiltrating monocytes. This study determines the mechanism by which IL-6 is dysregulated in GpA EPN. Methods Twenty pediatric GpA and 21 pediatric Group B (GpB) EPN had gene set enrichment analysis for MSigDB Hallmark gene sets performed. Protein and RNA from patients and cell lines were used to validate transcriptomic findings. GpA cell lines 811 and 928 were used for in vitro experiments performed in this study. Results The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway is a master regulator of IL-6 and a signaling pathway enriched in GpA compared with GpB EPN. Knockdown of NF-κB led to significant downregulation of IL-6 in 811 and 928. NF-κB activation was independent of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation in both cell lines, suggesting that NF-κB hyperactivation is mediated through an alternative mechanism. Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) is a known transcriptional repressor of NF-κB. In many cancers, LDOC1 promoter is methylated, which inhibits gene transcription. We found decreased LDOC1 gene expression in GpA compared with GpB EPN, and in other pediatric brain tumors. EPN cells treated with 5AZA-DC, demethylated LDOC1 regulatory regions, upregulated LDOC1 expression, and concomitantly decreased IL-6 secretion. Stable knockdown of LDOC1 in EPN cell lines resulted in a significant increase in gene transcription of v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A, which correlated to an increase in NF-κB target genes. Conclusion These results suggest that epigenetic silencing of LDOC1 in GpA EPN regulates tumor biology and drives inflammatory immune phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Davis A Witt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sydney T Grob
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sabrina R Georgio Westover
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Randall Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John A DeSisto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ilango Balakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsey M Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael H Handler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salemi M, Giuffrida D, Giuffrida MC, Soma PF, Rolfo A, Cimino L, Condorelli RA, Castiglione R, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. LDOC1 Gene Expression in Two Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Parkinson's Disease. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Risk factors for this cancer include tobacco and alcohol use, ultraviolet light exposure, and viral infection. Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, with a prevalence of 3% in persons over the age of 65 years. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death machinery pivotal for normal development, the establishment of highly organized neuronal circuitry, and the elimination of cancer cells. It has been suggested that increased expression of proapoptotic genes is associated with head tumors. One of these genes is the leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) gene. Case report We report two interesting cases of a 79-year-old man and a 98-year-old woman, both with Parkinson's disease and well-differentiated multiple HNSCC, in whom we evaluated the possible differential expression of LDOC1. Results We found that LDOC1 gene expression was increased in both patients compared with three male and three female controls. Conclusions These findings suggest that apoptosis may play a pathogenetic role in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salemi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Oasi
Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna
| | - Domenica Giuffrida
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Maria C Giuffrida
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
- Fondazione Fulvio Frisone,
Catania
| | - Pier Franco Soma
- Plastic Surgery and Burns Center,
Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Turin, Turin
| | - Laura Cimino
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
| | - Roberto Castiglione
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology
and Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, and
Master in Andrological and Human Reproduction Sciences, University of Catania,
Catania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yong BC, Lu JC, Xie XB, Su Q, Tan PX, Tang QL, Wang J, Huang G, Han J, Xu HW, Shen JN. LDOC1 regulates Wnt5a expression and osteosarcoma cell metastasis and is correlated with the survival of osteosarcoma patients. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691188. [PMID: 28240050 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas are common bone malignancies in children and adolescents. LDOC1 (leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1), a tumor suppressor, is down-regulated in many cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of LDOC1 in tumor metastasis and its prognostic significance in osteosarcomas. We established osteosarcoma cells stably expressing LDOC1, driven by an HIV-based lentiviral system. We investigated the impact of LDOC1 on migration and invasion abilities in these cells using a transwell assay. LDOC1-associated changes in expression of metastasis-promoting genes were analyzed with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction primer array. A xenograft tumor model (n = 7 mice/group) was used to assess the effect of LDOC1 on osteosarcoma metastasis in vivo. The overall survival and disease-free survival of osteosarcoma patients (n = 74) were analyzed retrospectively based on immunohistochemical analysis of LDOC1 levels in tumors and Kaplan-Meier analysis. LDOC1-expressing osteosarcoma cells displayed decreased migration and invasion in vitro. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction primer array data showed that increased LDOC1 expression up-regulated many metastasis-suppressor genes. In the xenograft model, micro-computed tomography imaging data indicated that increased LDOC1 expression is associated with weaker lung metastasis ability. The Wnt5a signaling pathway promotes osteosarcoma metastasis; LDOC1 expression decreased Wnt5a levels in osteosarcoma cells. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher LDOC1 expression was associated with improved osteosarcoma patient overall survival and disease free survival (p = 0.022). Our data show that LDOC1 is a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma, and that it regulates metastasis of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, LDOC1 might be a valuable prognostic marker in osteosarcomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Cheng Yong
- 1 Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Chang Lu
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Biao Xie
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Su
- 3 Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Xian Tan
- 4 Department of Spine Surgery, Shen Zhen Long Gang Zhong Xin Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Lian Tang
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Han
- 5 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Xu
- 1 Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Nan Shen
- 2 Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thiébaut R, Esmiol S, Lecine P, Mahfouz B, Hermant A, Nicoletti C, Parnis S, Perroy J, Borg JP, Pascoe L, Hugot JP, Ollendorff V. Characterization and Genetic Analyses of New Genes Coding for NOD2 Interacting Proteins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165420. [PMID: 27812135 PMCID: PMC5094585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD2 contributes to the innate immune response and to the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. In response to its bacterial ligand, NOD2 interacts with RICK and activates the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, inducing gene transcription and synthesis of proteins required to initiate a balanced immune response. Mutations in NOD2 have been associated with an increased risk of Crohn’s Disease (CD), a disabling inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because NOD2 signaling plays a key role in CD, it is important to further characterize the network of protein interacting with NOD2. Using yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screens, we identified new NOD2 interacting proteins (NIP). The primary interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and/or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) experiments for 11 of these proteins (ANKHD1, CHMP5, SDCCAG3, TRIM41, LDOC1, PPP1R12C, DOCK7, VIM, KRT15, PPP2R3B, and C10Orf67). These proteins are involved in diverse functions, including endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), cytoskeletal architecture and signaling regulation. Additionally, we show that the interaction of 8 NIPs is compromised with the 3 main CD associated NOD2 mutants (R702W, G908R and 1007fs). Furthermore, to determine whether these NOD2 protein partners could be encoded by IBD susceptibility genes, a transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed on 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the main corresponding haplotypes in genes coding for 15 NIPs using a set of 343 IBD families with 556 patients. Overall this work did not increase the number of IBD susceptibility genes but extends the NOD2 protein interaction network and suggests that NOD2 interactome and signaling depend upon the NOD2 mutation profile in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaële Thiébaut
- UMR1149, INSERM et Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Esmiol
- INRA, UMR866, DMEM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Lecine
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, "Cell Polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer - Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Batoul Mahfouz
- UMR1149, INSERM et Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Hermant
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, "Cell Polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer - Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, ISM2 UMR7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Parnis
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, ISM2 UMR7313, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Perroy
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, F-34094, France
- INSERM, U1191, Montpellier, F-34094, France
- Université de Montpellier, UMR-5203, Montpellier, F-34094, France
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, "Cell Polarity, Cell signaling and Cancer - Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Hugot
- UMR1149, INSERM et Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75018, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, service de gastroentérologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Ollendorff
- INRA, UMR866, DMEM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thoompumkal IJ, Rehna K, Anbarasu K, Mahalingam S. Leucine Zipper Down-regulated in Cancer-1 (LDOC1) interacts with Guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L) to modulate Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling during cell proliferation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3251-3267. [PMID: 27764577 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1242534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide binding protein-like 3-like (GNL3L) is an evolutionarily conserved putative nucleolar GTPase belonging to the HSR1-MMR1 family. In the present study, using protein-protein interaction assays, we show that Leucine Zipper Down-regulated in Cancer-1 (LDOC1) is a novel interacting partner of GNL3L. Furthermore, our results reveal that ectopic expression of LDOC1 destabilizes endogenous GNL3L levels and down modulates GNL3L-induced cell proliferation, in contrast, the knockdown of LDOC1 potentiates cell proliferation upon GNL3L expression. Interestingly, GNL3L upregulates NF-κB dependent transcriptional activity by modulating the expression of NF-κB subunit p65, which is reversed upon co-expression of LDOC1 with GNL3L. GNL3L also potentiates TNF-α mediated NF-κB activity. In addition, anti-apoptotic function of GNL3L is impaired upon p65 knockdown, suggesting its critical role in GNL3L mediated cell proliferation/survival. An inverse correlation of GNL3L and LDOC1 expression profiles in various tumor tissues from BioXpress database indicate their critical role in cancer. Collectively, our data provides evidence that GNL3L-LDOC1 interplay regulates cell proliferation through the modulation of NF-κB pathway during tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Jose Thoompumkal
- a Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology-Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Krishnan Rehna
- a Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology-Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Kumaraswamy Anbarasu
- a Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology-Madras , Chennai , India
| | - Sundarasamy Mahalingam
- a Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, National Cancer Tissue Biobank, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology-Madras , Chennai , India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salemi M, Barone N, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Recupero D, Galia A, Fraggetta F, Aiello AM, Pepe P, Castiglione R, Vicari E, Calogero AE. Leucine zipper, down regulated in cancer-1 gene expression in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2796-2800. [PMID: 27698860 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic alterations have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). DNA and protein microarrays have enabled the identification of genes associated with apoptosis, which is important in PCa development. Despite the molecular mechanisms are not entirely understood, inhibition of apoptosis is a critical pathophysiological factor that contributes to the onset and progression of PCa. Leucine zipper, down-regulated in cancer 1 (LDOC-1) is a known regulator of the nuclear factor (NF)-mediated pathway of apoptosis through the inhibition of NF-κB. The present study investigated the expression of the LDOC-1 gene in LNCaP, PC-3, PNT1A and PNT2 prostate cell lines by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition LDOC-1 protein expression in normal prostate tissues and PCa was studied by immunohistochemistry. LDOC-1 messenger RNA resulted overexpressed in LNCaP and PC-3 PCa cell lines compared with the two normal prostate cell lines PNT1A and PNT2. The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated a positive cytoplasmic LDOC-1 staining in all PCa and normal prostate samples, whereas no nuclear staining was observed in any sample. Furthermore, a more intense signal was evidenced in PCa samples. LDOC-1 gene overexpression in PCa suggests an activity of LDOC-1 in PCa cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salemi
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Institute for Research and Treatment Oasi Maria SS, Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, I-94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Nunziata Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Recupero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Galia
- Pathology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, I-95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Pepe
- Urology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, I-95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Castiglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Enzo Vicari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mansouri L, Papakonstantinou N, Ntoufa S, Stamatopoulos K, Rosenquist R. NF-κB activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A point of convergence of external triggers and intrinsic lesions. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:40-8. [PMID: 27491692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is constitutively activated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, and hence plays a major role in disease development and evolution. In contrast to many other mature B-cell lymphomas, only a few recurrently mutated genes involved in canonical or non-canonical NF-κB activation have been identified in CLL (i.e. BIRC3, MYD88 and NFKBIE mutations) and often at a low frequency. On the other hand, CLL B cells seem 'addicted' to the tumor microenvironment for their survival and proliferation, which is primarily mediated by interaction through a number of cell surface receptors, e.g. the B-cell receptor (BcR), Toll-like receptors and CD40, that in turn activate downstream NF-κB. The importance of cell-extrinsic triggering for CLL pathophysiology was recently also highlighted by the clinical efficacy of novel drugs targeting microenvironmental interactions through the inhibition of BcR signaling. In other words, CLL can be considered a prototype disease for studying the intricate interplay between external triggers and intrinsic aberrations and their combined impact on disease evolution. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mechanisms underlying NF-κB deregulation in CLL, including micro-environmental, genetic and epigenetic events, and summarize data generated in murine models resembling human CLL. Finally, we will also discuss different strategies undertaken to intervene with the NF-κB pathway and its upstream mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larry Mansouri
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nikos Papakonstantinou
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula Ntoufa
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee CH, Pan KL, Tang YC, Tsai MH, Cheng AJ, Shen MY, Cheng YM, Huang TT, Lin P. LDOC1 silenced by cigarette exposure and involved in oral neoplastic transformation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25188-201. [PMID: 26317789 PMCID: PMC4694824 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we identified global epigenetic aberrations in smoking-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We hypothesized that cigarette exposure triggers OSCC through alteration of the methylome of oral cells. Here we report that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) significantly changes the genomic 5-methyldeoxycytidine content and nuclear accumulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3A in human untransformed oral cells. By using integrated analysis of cDNA and methylation arrays of the smoking-associated dysplastic oral cell line and OSCC tumors, respectively, we identified four epigenetic targets—UCHL1, GPX3, LXN, and LDOC1—which may be silenced by cigarette. Results of quantitative methylation-specific PCR showed that among these four genes, LDOC1 promoter was the most sensitive to CSC. LDOC1 promoter hypermethylation and gene silencing followed 3 weeks of CSC treatment. LDOC1 knockdown led to a proliferative response and acquired clonogenicity of untransformed oral cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that LDOC1 was downregulated in 53.3% (8/15) and 57.1% (20/35) of premalignant oral tissues and early stage OSCCs, respectively, whereas 76.5% (13/17) of normal oral tissues showed high LDOC1 expression. Furthermore, the microarray data showed that LDOC1 expression had decreased in the lung tissues of current smokers compared with that in those of never smokers and had significantly decreased in the lung tumors of smokers compared with that in normal lung tissues. Our data suggest that CSC-induced promoter methylation may contribute to LDOC1 downregulation, thereby conferring oncogenic features to oral cells. These findings also imply a tumor suppressor role of LDOC1 in smoking-related malignancies such as OSCC and lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kao-Lu Pan
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Tang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ya Shen
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Min Cheng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Ta Huang
- Department of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salemi M, Condorelli RA, Longo G, Bullara V, Romano C, Campagna C, Bosco P, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. LDOC1 Gene Expression in Men With Klinefelter Syndrome. J Clin Lab Anal 2016; 30:408-10. [PMID: 27076087 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) results from an extra chromosome X, which is due to the failure of normal chromosomal segregation during meiosis. Patients with KS have gynecomastia, small testes, and azoospermia. Apoptosis is a mechanism responsible for the normal regulation of spermatogenesis. LDOC1 gene is a known regulator of nuclear factor mediated pathway to apoptosis through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). Furthermore, the transcription factor myeloid zinc finger gene 1 (MZF-1) has been shown to interact with LDOC1 and to enhance LDOC1 activity favoring apoptosis. We investigated the expression of LDOC1 gene mRNA, by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in peripheral blood leukocytes of 13 patients with KS compared to 13 healthy men chosen as controls. LDOC1 expression was higher in 9 of the 13 KS patient compared to normal controls. These finding led us to hypothesize that LDOC1 gene upregulation may play a role in the spermatogenesis derangement observed in patients with KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salemi
- Oasi Institute (IRCCS) for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy. ,
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Section of Endocrinology,Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusi Longo
- Laboratory Analysis, A.O.V. "Policlinico V. Emanuele", Presidio "Gaspare Rodolico" University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Bullara
- Section of Endocrinology,Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romano
- Oasi Institute (IRCCS) for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
| | - Cristina Campagna
- Section of Endocrinology,Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Bosco
- Oasi Institute (IRCCS) for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Section of Endocrinology,Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Section of Endocrinology,Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Pediatric Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Naville M, Warren IA, Haftek-Terreau Z, Chalopin D, Brunet F, Levin P, Galiana D, Volff JN. Not so bad after all: retroviruses and long terminal repeat retrotransposons as a source of new genes in vertebrates. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:312-323. [PMID: 26899828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Viruses and transposable elements, once considered as purely junk and selfish sequences, have repeatedly been used as a source of novel protein-coding genes during the evolution of most eukaryotic lineages, a phenomenon called 'molecular domestication'. This is exemplified perfectly in mammals and other vertebrates, where many genes derived from long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements (retroviruses and LTR retrotransposons) have been identified through comparative genomics and functional analyses. In particular, genes derived from gag structural protein and envelope (env) genes, as well as from the integrase-coding and protease-coding sequences, have been identified in humans and other vertebrates. Retroelement-derived genes are involved in many important biological processes including placenta formation, cognitive functions in the brain and immunity against retroelements, as well as in cell proliferation, apoptosis and cancer. These observations support an important role of retroelement-derived genes in the evolution and diversification of the vertebrate lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Naville
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - I A Warren
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Z Haftek-Terreau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - D Chalopin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - F Brunet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - P Levin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - D Galiana
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - J-N Volff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR5242, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wappett M, Dulak A, Yang ZR, Al-Watban A, Bradford JR, Dry JR. Multi-omic measurement of mutually exclusive loss-of-function enriches for candidate synthetic lethal gene pairs. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:65. [PMID: 26781748 PMCID: PMC4717622 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of synthetic lethal interactions in cancer cells could offer promising new therapeutic targets. Large-scale functional genomic screening presents an opportunity to test large numbers of cancer synthetic lethal hypotheses. Methods enriching for candidate synthetic lethal targets in molecularly defined cancer cell lines can steer effective design of screening efforts. Loss of one partner of a synthetic lethal gene pair creates a dependency on the other, thus synthetic lethal gene pairs should never show simultaneous loss-of-function. We have developed a computational approach to mine large multi-omic cancer data sets and identify gene pairs with mutually exclusive loss-of-function. Since loss-of-function may not always be genetic, we look for deleterious mutations, gene deletion and/or loss of mRNA expression by bimodality defined with a novel algorithm BiSEp. Results Applying this toolkit to both tumour cell line and patient data, we achieve statistically significant enrichment for experimentally validated tumour suppressor genes and synthetic lethal gene pairings. Notably non-reliance on genetic loss reveals a number of known synthetic lethal relationships otherwise missed, resulting in marked improvement over genetic-only predictions. We go on to establish biological rationale surrounding a number of novel candidate synthetic lethal gene pairs with demonstrated dependencies in published cancer cell line shRNA screens. Conclusions This work introduces a multi-omic approach to define gene loss-of-function, and enrich for candidate synthetic lethal gene pairs in cell lines testable through functional screens. In doing so, we offer an additional resource to generate new cancer drug target and combination hypotheses. Algorithms discussed are freely available in the BiSEp CRAN package at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BiSEp/index.html. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2375-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wappett
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| | - Austin Dulak
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA.
| | | | | | - James R Bradford
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK. .,Present address: Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Jonathan R Dry
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao S, Wang Q, Li Z, Ma X, Wu L, Ji H, Qin G. LDOC1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis by repressing NF-κB activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:146. [PMID: 26637328 PMCID: PMC4670541 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The incidence of thyroid cancer has progressively increased over the past few decades, and the most frequent types of this cancer are papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and small primary tumors. In PTC, oncogene activation is known to occur at a high frequency. However, the potential roles of tumor suppressor genes in thyroid carcinogenesis remain unclear. LDOC1 was first identified as a gene encoding a leucine zipper protein whose expression was decreased in a series of pancreatic and gastric cancer cell lines. In this study, we aimed to determine the status of LDOC1 in PTC and identify its mechanistic role in PTC pathogenesis. Methods LDOC1 expression was evaluated in fresh samples and stored specimens of human PTC and contralateral normal tissues by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. The correlation to nuclear p65 content in the stored specimens was analyzed. Moreover, the basal level of LDOC1 in two human PTC-derived cell lines (BCPAP and TPC-1) compared with normal thyroid tissue was determined. Human LDOC1 cDNA was inserted into a lentiviral vector and transduced into TPC-1 cells. TPC-1 cells overexpressing LDOC1/GFP (Lv-LDOC1) or negative control GFP (Lv-NC) were stimulated with TNFα or recombinant TGF-β1, and then cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis were assessed. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of p65, IκBα, c-Myc, Bax, and Bcl-xL, and a luciferase reporter assay was used to measure NF-κB activity stimulated by TNFα. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t tests or ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison tests. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze possible associations. Results LDOC1 expression was significantly downregulated in PTC specimens as compared with the expression in normal thyroid tissues, and this downregulation was associated with an increase in tumor size (P < 0.05). There is a correlation between LDOC1 and nuclear P65 expression in human PTC tissues (P < 0.01). Lentivirus-mediated restoration of LDOC1 expression in TPC-1 cells characterized by low level of LDOC1 expression suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB activation, and LDOC1-overexpressing TPC-1 cells recovered responsiveness to TGF-β1 antiproliferative signaling. Conclusions LDOC1 might function as a tumor suppressor gene in PTC by inhibiting NF-κΒ signaling, and thus might represent a promising therapeutic target in patients with PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhizhen Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Lina Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Guijun Qin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li G, Yuan L, Liu D, Liu J. Upregulation of Leucine Zipper Protein mRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated With Poor Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:517-22. [PMID: 26031464 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615587432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine zipper protein (LUZP) plays key roles in development. Overexpression of LUZP was documented in several types of solid tumors. In this study, expression of LUZP messenger RNA (LUZP mRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined, and the correlations of LUZP mRNA level with patients' characteristics and prognosis were also investigated. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from HCC and paired noncancerous liver tissues of 77 patients. Expression of LUZP mRNA in the tissues was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Using average LUZP mRNA level in noncancerous liver tissues as the cutoff, patients with HCC were categorized into high-expression group and low-expression group. Correlations of LUZP mRNA with clinical parameters were analyzed. Overall survival of the patients in the 2 groups was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The LUZP mRNA level was significantly higher in HCC samples than in the noncancerous liver tissues (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 0.58 ± 0.05, P < .01). Significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of portal vein invasion, Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, and recurrence of HCC. The current study failed to find significant differences between the 2 groups in clinical characteristics such as age, gender, lymph node metastasis, hepatitis B virus infection, family HCC history, and alcohol intake. Overall survival in high-expression group was 12 months while that in the low-expression group was 34 months (P = .03). CONCLUSION The LUZP mRNA is a prognostic indicator in HCC, and overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Davuluri G, Augoff K, Schiemann WP, Plow EF, Sossey-Alaoui K. WAVE3-NFκB interplay is essential for the survival and invasion of cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110627. [PMID: 25329315 PMCID: PMC4199728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The WAVE3 cytoskeletal protein promotes cancer invasion and metastasis. We have shown that the WAVE3-mediated activation of cancer cell invasion is due, in part, to its regulation of expression and activity of key metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, which is centrally involved in invadopodia-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMP9 is also a major NFκB target gene, suggesting a potential linkage of WAVE3 to this pathway, which we sought to investigate. Mechanistically, we found that loss of WAVE3 in cancer cells leads to inhibition of NFκB signaling as a result of a decrease in the nuclear translocation of NFκB and therefore loss of activation of NFκB target genes. Conversely, overexpression of WAVE3 was sufficient to enhance NFκB activity. Both pharmacologic and genetic manipulations of NFκB effector molecules show that the biological consequence of loss of WAVE3 function in the NFκB pathway result the inhibition of invadopodia formation and ECM degradation by cancer cells, and these changes are a consequence of decreased MMP9 expression and activity. Loss of WAVE3 also sensitized cancer cells to apoptosis and cell death driven by TNFα, through the inhibition of the AKT pro-survival pathway. Our results identify a novel function of WAVE3 in NFκB signaling, where its activity is essential for the regulation of invadopodia and ECM degradation. Therefore, targeted therapeutic inhibition of WAVE3 will sensitize cancer cells to apoptosis and cell death, and suppress cancer invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward F. Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Overexpression of LDOC1 in human biliary epithelial cells inhibits apoptosis through NF-κB signaling. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 57:713-7. [PMID: 23942005 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182a7e1da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating pediatric cholestatic liver disease. Increasing evidence indicates that nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling plays a key role in the pathogenesis of BA. Leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) may control the expression of NF-κB. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between LDOC1 and inflammation/apoptosis mediated by NF-κB in the human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HIBECs). METHODS HIBECs were divided into 3 treatment groups: control, mock transfection group, and LDOC1 transfection. Immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis were used to investigate the effectiveness of LDOC1-transfected HIBECs and the expression of NF-κB. Apoptosis was detected by Hochest/ propidium iodide staining. Interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of NF-κB was higher in the LDOC1-transfected group when compared with the control and mock-transfected groups as evaluated by immunofluorescence, reverese transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. The rate of apoptosis was significantly lower in the LDOC1-transfected group when compared with the control and mock-transfected groups. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the LDOC1-transfected group when compared with the control and mock-transfected groups. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of LDOC1 in HIBEC increases the expression of NF-κB, which may promote the activation of IL-2 and TNF-α secretion and inhibit cell apoptosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Riordan JD, Dupuy AJ. Domesticated transposable element gene products in human cancer. Mob Genet Elements 2013; 3:e26693. [PMID: 24251072 DOI: 10.4161/mge.26693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of transposable elements inserted within the genome to serve novel functions in a host cell, a process known as molecular domestication, is a widespread phenomenon in nature. Around fifty protein-coding genes in humans have arisen through this mechanism. Functional characterization of these domesticated genes has revealed involvement in a multitude of diverse cellular processes. Some of these functions are related to cellular activities and pathways known to be involved in cancer development. In this mini-review we discuss such roles of domesticated genes that may be aberrantly regulated in human cancer, as well as studies that have identified disrupted expression in tumors. We also describe studies that have provided definitive experimental evidence for transposable element-derived gene products in promoting tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Riordan
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology; Roy J. & Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine; University of Iowa; Iowa City, IA USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salemi M, Soma PF, Bosco P, Vicari E, Roberto C, Calogero AE. CASP3 and LDOC-1 gene expression in a patient with carcinoma in the hairy part of the head skin and Alzheimer disease. Hum Cell 2013; 26:128-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s13577-012-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
30
|
Lee CH, Wong TS, Chan JYW, Lu SC, Lin P, Cheng AJ, Chen YJ, Chang JSM, Hsiao SH, Leu YW, Li CI, Hsiao JR, Chang JY. Epigenetic regulation of the X-linked tumour suppressors BEX1 and LDOC1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Pathol 2013; 230:298-309. [PMID: 23362108 DOI: 10.1002/path.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The strong associations between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and dietary habits such as alcohol consumption (A), betel quid chewing (B) and cigarette smoking (C) and its predominance in men have been well documented; however, systemic analysis of OSCC is limited. Our study applied high-throughput screening methods to identify causative epigenetic targets in a cohort of men with ABC-associated OSCC. We identified BEX1 and LDOC1 as two epigenetically silenced X-linked tumour suppressors and demonstrated a functional link between the transcription of BEX1 and LDOC1 and promoter hypermethylation. Methylation of the BEX1 and LDOC1 promoters was associated significantly (p < 0.0001) with OSCC and were detected in 75% (42/56) and 89% (50/56) of the samples, respectively. We observed concordant increases in the methylation of both genes in 71% (40/56) of the tumours, and potent in vitro and in vivo growth inhibitory effects in OSCC cells ectopically expressing BEX1 and/or LDOC1. Restored expression of BEX1 and LDOC1 suppressed the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, which is the most frequently hyperactivated signalling pathway in OSCC. This suppression might result from decreased p50 and p65 expression. These findings suggest that silencing of BEX1 and LDOC1 by promoter hypermethylation might represent a critical event in the molecular pathogenesis of OSCC and account for the oncogenic effects of ABC exposure and the male predominance of OSCC occurrence. Microarray data are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Camões MJ, Paulo P, Ribeiro FR, Barros-Silva JD, Almeida M, Costa VL, Cerveira N, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Teixeira MR. Potential downstream target genes of aberrant ETS transcription factors are differentially affected in Ewing's sarcoma and prostate carcinoma. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185447 PMCID: PMC3501462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FLI1 and ERG, the major ETS transcription factors involved in rearrangements in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) and in prostate carcinomas (PCa), respectively, belong to the same subfamily, having 98% sequence identity in the DNA binding domain. We therefore decided to investigate whether the aberrant transcription factors in both malignancies have some common downstream targets. We crossed a publicly available list of all putative EWSR1-FLI1 target genes in ESFT with our microarray expression data on 24 PCa and 6 non-malignant prostate tissues (NPT) and choose four genes among the top-most differentially expressed between PCa with (PCa ERG+) and without (PCa ETS-) ETS fusion genes (HIST1H4L, KCNN2, ECRG4 and LDOC1), as well as four well-validated direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 chimeric protein in ESFT (NR0B1, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2). Using quantitative expression analysis in 16 ESFT and seven alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS), we were able to validate the four genes previously described as direct targets of the EWSR1-FLI1 oncoprotein, showing overexpression of CAV1 and NR0B1 and underexpression of IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 in ESFT as compared to ARMS. Although none of these four genes showed significant expression differences between PCa ERG+ and PCa ETS-, CAV1, IGFBP3 and TGFBR2 were less expressed in PCa in an independent series of 56 PCa and 15 NPT, as also observed for ECRG4 and LDOC1, suggesting a role in prostate carcinogenesis in general. On the other hand, we demonstrate for the first time that both HIST1H4L and KCNN2 are significantly overexpressed in PCa ERG+ and that ERG binds to the promoter of these genes. Conversely, KCNN2 was found underexpressed in ESFT relative to ARMS, suggesting that the EWSR1-ETS oncoprotein may have the opposite effect of ERG rearrangements in PCa. We conclude that aberrant ETS transcription factors modulate target genes differently in ESFT and PCa.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor/genetics
- DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3/metabolism
- Male
- Microarray Analysis
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Camões
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paulo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franclim R. Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João D. Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Almeida
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera L. Costa
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerveira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Research Centre of The Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Genetics Group, Research Centre of the Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chang WC, Hsu PI, Chen YY, Hsiao M, Lu PJ, Chen CH. Observation of peptide differences between cancer and control in gastric juice. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:55-62. [PMID: 21136779 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for various diseases have been extensively searched for the past 5 years. Nevertheless, most efforts were focused on the search for protein biomarkers from serum samples. In this work, we tried to look for peptide biomarkers from gastric juice samples with MALDI-TOF-MS. More than 200 gastric juice samples from healthy people, gastric ulcer patients, duodenal ulcer patients, and cancer patients were examined. There were clear pattern differences of mass spectra among samples from healthy people and patients with different gastric diseases. We found five peptides for gastric cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Sequences of these five peptides, including two pepsinogen fragments, leucine zipper protein fragment, albumin fragment, and α-1-antitrypsin fragment, have been identified by mass spectrometric analysis and immuno-deplete assay with antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Three apoptotic genes are upregulated in a patient with Alzheimer's disease and well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2012; 27:60-3. [PMID: 22307387 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.2012.8991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 74-year-old man with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and an extensive ulcerative lesion on the right ear. AD is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of memory and cognitive deterioration. It has been suggested that apoptotic cell injury and eventually cell death is a major contributor to the AD neurodegenerative process. The ulcerative lesion was surgically excised and the histological analysis reported a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Caspase-3 (CASP3) plays an important role in neuronal death during nervous system development and under certain pathological conditions. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies reported elevated expression and activation of CASP3 in models of AD. Molecular epidemiological studies suggest that CASP3 may contribute to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility and disease progression and that increased CASP3 expression is associated with tumors of the head. Also poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and the leucine zipper downregulated in cancer 1 (LDOC1) genes play a proapoptotic role. We therefore evaluated the differential expression of LDOC1, PARP1, and CASP3 mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes of our patient. We found increased expression of all these genes compared with the expression in control subjects.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kouprina N, Lee NCO, Pavlicek A, Samoshkin A, Kim JH, Lee HS, Varma S, Reinhold WC, Otstot J, Solomon G, Davis S, Meltzer PS, Schleutker J, Larionov V. Exclusion of the 750-kb genetically unstable region at Xq27 as a candidate locus for prostate malignancy in HPCX1-linked families. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:933-48. [PMID: 22733720 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several linkage studies provided evidence for the presence of the hereditary prostate cancer locus, HPCX1, at Xq27-q28. The strongest linkage peak of prostate cancer overlies a variable region of ~750 kb at Xq27 enriched by segmental duplications (SDs), suggesting that the predisposition to prostate cancer may be a genomic disorder caused by recombinational interaction between SDs. The large size of SDs and their sequence similarity make it difficult to examine this region for possible rearrangements using standard methods. To overcome this problem, direct isolation of a set of genomic segments by in vivo recombination in yeast (a TAR cloning technique) was used to perform a mutational analysis of the 750 kb region in X-linked families. We did not detect disease-specific rearrangements within this region. In addition, transcriptome and computational analyses were performed to search for nonannotated genes within the Xq27 region, which may be associated with genetic predisposition to prostate cancer. Two candidate genes were identified, one of which is a novel gene termed SPANXL that represents a highly diverged member of the SPANX gene family, and the previously described CDR1 gene that is expressed at a high level in both normal and malignant prostate cells, and mapped 210 kb of upstream the SPANX gene cluster. No disease-specific alterations were identified in these genes. Our results exclude the 750-kb genetically unstable region at Xq27 as a candidate locus for prostate malignancy. Adjacent regions appear to be the most likely candidates to identify the elusive HPCX1 locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Cancer cells silence autosomal tumor suppressor genes by Knudson's two-hit mechanism in which loss-of-function mutations and then loss of heterozygosity occur at the tumor suppressor gene loci. However, the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes has challenged the traditional theory of 'two-hit inactivation' in tumor suppressor genes, introducing the novel concept that a single genetic hit can cause loss of tumor suppressor function. The mechanism through which these genes are silenced in human cancer is unclear, but elucidating the details will greatly enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of human cancer. Here, we review the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes and discuss the potential mechanisms of their inactivation. In addition, we also discuss how the identification of X-linked tumor suppressor genes can potentially lead to new approaches in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mandy Kain
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Liu Y, Geng Y, Li K, Wang F, Zhou H, Wang W, Hou J, Liu W. Comparative proteomic analysis of the function and network mechanisms of MASPIN in human lung cells. Exp Ther Med 2011; 3:470-474. [PMID: 22969913 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MASPIN, which is also known as Serpin B5, is a novel tumor suppressor. Emerging evidence suggests that MASPIN acts as a multifaceted protein in various types of cancer, including prostate, breast and pancreatic cancer. It interacts with diverse groups of intercellular and extracellular proteins, regulating cell adhesion, motility, apoptosis and angiogenesis, and is involved in mammary gland development. As MASPIN is a multifunctional factor in cancer pathways, its function remains poorly illuminated. In this study, we compared the protein profiles of LC5 cell lines with MASPIN overexpression and knockdown using comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differences in protein expression, visualized as differences in spots, were identified by time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectometry. Significant differences were observed between overexpressing and knocked down cells, including eight spots that were unique and sixteen spots that were up- or down-regulated by more than 4-fold. Six genes, including Sdccag8, Ldoc1, SCAI, SDCCAG3, CT62 and NEDD9 were unique in MASPIN-expressing cell lines, but absent in knock-out cell lines, in which most of them play a significant role in the invasion of cancer cells. Moreover, the Brms1 and CAGE1 genes were identified as being uniquely expressed in knocked down cell lines, which were associated with the development and progression of tumors. The data from this study shed some light on the function, as well as the general network mechanisms of MASPIN in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Baoji Center Hospital of Shanxi Province, Baoji, Shanxi 721008
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Two proapoptotic genes are downregulated in a patient with melanoma and repeated in-transit metastases. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 34:454-5. [PMID: 21986234 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31820a4bd7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
39
|
Salemi M, Castiglione R, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Bosco P, Vicari E, Calogero AE. Over expression of LDOC1 and PARP1, two pro-apoptotic genes, in a patient with cryptorchidism and DiGeorge anomaly. Hum Cell 2011; 24:112-3. [PMID: 21547351 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-011-0015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
40
|
LDOC1 mRNA is differentially expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and predicts overall survival in untreated patients. Blood 2011; 117:4076-84. [PMID: 21310924 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-304881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified LDOC1 as one of the most significantly differentially expressed genes in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients with respect to the somatic mutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes. However, little is known about the normal function of LDOC1, its contribution to the pathophysiology of CLL, or its prognostic significance. In this study, we have investigated LDOC1 mRNA expression in a large cohort of untreated CLL patients, as well as in normal peripheral blood B-cell (NBC) subsets and primary B-cell lymphoma samples. We have confirmed that LDOC1 is dramatically down-regulated in mutated CLL cases compared with unmutated cases, and have identified a new splice variant, LDOC1S. We show that LDOC1 is expressed in NBC subsets (naive > memory), suggesting that it may play a role in normal B-cell development. It is also expressed in primary B-cell lymphoma samples, in which its expression is associated with somatic mutation status. In CLL, we show that high levels of LDOC1 correlate with biomarkers of poor prognosis, including cytogenetic markers, unmutated somatic mutation status, and ZAP70 expression. Finally, we demonstrate that LDOC1 mRNA expression is an excellent predictor of overall survival in untreated CLL patients.
Collapse
|
41
|
Differential genome-wide array-based methylation profiles in prognostic subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2009; 115:296-305. [PMID: 19897574 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Global hypomethylation and regional hypermethylation are well-known epigenetic features of cancer; however, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), studies on genome-wide epigenetic modifications are limited. Here, we analyzed the global methylation profiles in CLL, by applying high-resolution methylation microarrays (27,578 CpG sites) to 23 CLL samples, belonging to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) mutated (favorable) and IGHV unmutated/IGHV3-21 (poor-prognostic) subsets. Overall, results demonstrated significant differences in methylation patterns between these subgroups. Specifically, in IGHV unmutated CLL, we identified methylation of 7 known or candidate tumor suppressor genes (eg, VHL, ABI3, and IGSF4) as well as 8 unmethylated genes involved in cell proliferation and tumor progression (eg, ADORA3 and PRF1 enhancing the nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, respectively). In contrast, these latter genes were silenced by methylation in IGHV mutated patients. The array data were validated for selected genes using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and bisulfite sequencing. Finally, the significance of DNA methylation in regulating gene promoters was shown by reinducing 4 methylated tumor suppressor genes (eg, VHL and ABI3) in IGHV unmutated samples using the methyl-inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Taken together, our data for the first time reveal differences in global methylation profiles between prognostic subsets of CLL, which may unfold epigenetic silencing mechanisms involved in CLL pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ogawa R, Ishiguro H, Kuwabara Y, Kimura M, Mitsui A, Mori Y, Mori R, Tomoda K, Katada T, Harada K, Fujii Y. Identification of candidate genes involved in the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells by microarray analysis. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:288-97. [PMID: 18477249 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a key role in the control of tumor growth in esophageal cancer patients. To identify the patients who will benefit most from radiation therapy, it is important to know the genes that are involved in the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells. Hence, we examined the global gene expression in radiosensitive and radioresistant esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Radiosensitivities of 13 esophageal cancer cell lines were measured. RNA was extracted from each esophageal cancer cell line and a normal esophageal epithelial cell line, and the global gene expression profiles were analyzed using a 34 594-spot oligonucleotide microarray. In the clonogenic assay, one cell line (TE-11) was identified to be highly sensitive to radiation, while the other cell lines were found to be relatively radioresistant. We identified 71 candidate genes that were differentially expressed in TE-11 by microarray analysis. The up-regulated genes included CABPR, FABP5, DSC2, GPX2, NME, CBR3, DOCK8, and ABCC5, while the down-regulated genes included RPA1, LDOC1, NDN, and SKP1A. Our investigation provided comprehensive information on genes related to radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells; this information can serve as a basis for further functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ogawa
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shankar SP, Fingert JH, Carelli V, Valentino ML, King TM, Daiger SP, Salomao SR, Berezovsky A, Belfort R, Braun TA, Sheffield VC, Sadun AA, Stone EM. Evidence for a novel x-linked modifier locus for leber hereditary optic neuropathy. Ophthalmic Genet 2008; 29:17-24. [PMID: 18363168 DOI: 10.1080/13816810701867607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited blinding disease caused by missense mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, incomplete penetrance and a predominance of male patients presenting with vision loss suggest that modifying factors play an important role in the development of the disease. Evidence from several studies suggests that both nuclear modifier genes and environmental factors may be necessary to trigger the optic neuropathy in individuals harboring an LHON-causing mtDNA mutation. Recently, an optic neuropathy susceptibility locus at Xp21-Xq21 has been reported. In this study, we performed X-chromosomal linkage analysis in a large Brazilian family harboring a homoplasmic G11778A mtDNA mutation on a haplogroup J background. We report the identification of a novel LHON susceptibility locus on chromosome Xq25-27.2, with multipoint non-parametric linkage scores of > 5.00 (P = 0.005) and a maximum two-point non-parametric linkage score of 10.12, (P = 0.003) for marker DXS984 (Xq27.1). These results suggest genetic heterogeneity for X-linked modifiers of LHON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suma P Shankar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the United States. Current therapy for pancreatic cancer involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, the 5-year survival rate remains less than 5%. New strategies for treating pancreatic cancer include targeting intracellular signaling that provides survival advantages to cancer cells. One of these targets is the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF) kappaB, which is activated by a variety of mechanisms. Data demonstrate that increased NF-kappaB activity can promote growth and tumorigenesis, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, promote invasion and metastasis, and promote chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. This review explores the roles of NF-JB in these processes and examines the evidence that different NF-kappaB-inhibiting drugs can improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Cooper SJ, Bowden GT. Ultraviolet B regulation of transcription factor families: roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2008; 7:325-34. [PMID: 17979627 DOI: 10.2174/156800907780809714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light (UV) leads not only to aging of the skin but also increases the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Damage of cells induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) light both at the DNA level and molecular level initiates the activation of transcription factor pathways, which in turn regulate the expression of a number of genes termed the "UV response genes". Two such transcription factor families that are activated in this way are those of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) families. These two transcription factor families have been identified to be involved in the processes of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival and therefore play important roles in tumorigenesis. The study of these two transcription factor pathways and the cross-talk between them in response to UVB exposure may help with the development of new chemopreventive strategies for the prevention of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Cooper
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kouprina N, Noskov VN, Solomon G, Otstot J, Isaacs W, Xu J, Schleutker J, Larionov V. Mutational analysis of SPANX genes in families with X-linked prostate cancer. Prostate 2007; 67:820-8. [PMID: 17373721 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous genetic linkage studies identified a locus for susceptibility to prostate cancer called HPCX at Xq27. The candidate region contains two clusters of SPANX genes. The first cluster called SPANX-A/D includes SPANX-A1, SPANX-A2, SPANX-B, SPANX-C, and SPANX-D; the second cluster called SPANX-N includes SPANX-N1, SPANX-N2, SPANX-N3, and SPANX-N4. The SPANX genes encode cancer-testis (CT) specific antigens. Previous studies identified SPANX-B and SPANX-D variants produced by gene conversion events, none of which are associated with X-linked prostate cancer. METHODS In this study we applied transformation-associated recombination cloning (TAR) in yeast to analyze sequence variations in SPANX-A1, SPANX-A2, and SPANX-C genes that are resided within large chromosomal duplications. A SPANX-N1/N4 cluster was analyzed by a routine PCR analysis. RESULTS None of the sequence variations in the coding regions of these genes is associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, genetic variation in the SPANX genes is not the actual target variants explaining HPCX. However, it is possible that they play a modifying role in susceptibility to prostate cancer through complex recombinational interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Volff JN. Turning junk into gold: domestication of transposable elements and the creation of new genes in eukaryotes. Bioessays 2007; 28:913-22. [PMID: 16937363 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous transposable elements, generally considered as junk and selfish, encode transposition proteins that can bind, copy, break, join or degrade nucleic acids as well as process or interact with other proteins. Such a repertoire of activities might be of interest for the host cell. There is indeed substantial evidence that mobile DNA can serve as a dynamic reservoir for new cellular functions. Transposable element genes encoding transposase, integrase, reverse transcriptase as well as structural and envelope proteins have been repeatedly recruited by their host during evolution in most eukaryotic lineages. Such domesticated sequences protect us against infections, are necessary for our reproduction, allow the replication of our chromosomes and control cell proliferation and death; others are essential for plant development. Many new candidates for domesticated sequences have been revealed by sequencing projects. Their functional analysis will uncover new aspects of evolutionary alchemy, the turning of junk into gold within genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Volff
- Biofuture Research Group, Physiologische Chemie I, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kouprina N, Pavlicek A, Noskov VN, Solomon G, Otstot J, Isaacs W, Carpten JD, Trent JM, Schleutker J, Barrett JC, Jurka J, Larionov V. Dynamic structure of the SPANX gene cluster mapped to the prostate cancer susceptibility locus HPCX at Xq27. Genome Res 2006; 15:1477-86. [PMID: 16251457 PMCID: PMC1310635 DOI: 10.1101/gr.4212705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Genetic linkage studies indicate that germline variations in a gene or genes on chromosome Xq27-28 are implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. The linkage peak of prostate cancer overlies a region of approximately 750 kb containing five SPANX genes (SPANX-A1, -A2, -B, -C, and -D) encoding sperm proteins associated with the nucleus; their expression was also detected in a variety of cancers. SPANX genes are >95% identical and reside within large segmental duplications (SDs) with a high level of similarity, which confounds mutational analysis of this gene family by routine PCR methods. In this work, we applied transformation-associated recombination cloning (TAR) in yeast to characterize individual SPANX genes from prostate cancer patients showing linkage to Xq27-28 and unaffected controls. Analysis of genomic TAR clones revealed a dynamic nature of the replicated region of linkage. Both frequent gene deletion/duplication and homology-based sequence transfer events were identified within the region and were presumably caused by recombinational interactions between SDs harboring the SPANX genes. These interactions contribute to diversity of the SPANX coding regions in humans. We speculate that the predisposition to prostate cancer in X-linked families is an example of a genomic disease caused by a specific architecture of the SPANX gene cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Cancer, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mizutani K, Koike D, Suetsugu S, Takenawa T. WAVE3 functions as a negative regulator of LDOC1. J Biochem 2006; 138:639-46. [PMID: 16272576 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvi160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WAVE3 belongs to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family that mediates actin reorganization through activation of the Arp2/3 complex. However, the physiological function of WAVE3 is poorly understood. We found that LDOC1-encoded by a gene that is down-regulated in tumor cell lines-binds directly to the verprolin homology domain of WAVE3. Ectopically expressed LDOC1 is localized in the nucleus and induces apoptosis in the cells. This apoptosis is accompanied by an increase in the p53 protein level, but not in p53 transcription, suggesting that LDOC1 inhibits the degradation of p53. Further, the expression of WAVE3 induces the translocation of LDOC1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, resulting in the inhibition of LDOC1-induced apoptosis. Thus, it is possible that the LDOC1 function is negatively regulated by WAVE3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohito Mizutani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Itoh K, Kawasaki S, Kawamoto S, Seishima M, Chiba H, Michibata H, Wakimoto K, Imai Y, Minesaki Y, Otsuji M, Okubo K. Identification of differentially expressed genes in psoriasis using expression profiling approaches. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:667-74. [PMID: 16098126 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00338.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To identify differentially expressed genes which play causal roles in pathogenesis and maintenance for psoriasis, we used BodyMapping and introduced amplified fragment length polymorphism approaches. From the BodyMap database, we selected 2007 genes which specifically expressed in epithelial tissues. Among 2007 genes, we surveyed genes which differentially expressed in involved or uninvolved psoriatic lesional skin samples compared with atopic dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, and normal skin samples. As a result of surveying 2007 genes, 241 genes were differentially expressed only in involved psoriatic skin but not in the other samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression profiles showed that 13 independent psoriatic-involved skin samples clustered tightly together, reflecting highly similar expression profiles. Using the same 2007 gene set, we examined gene expression levels in five serial lesions from distal uninvolved psoriatic skin to involved psoriatic plaque. We identified seven genes such as alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor, calnexin, claudin 1, leucine zipper down-regulated in cancer 1, tyrosinase-related protein 1, Yes-associated protein 1, and unc-13-like protein (Coleonyx elegans) which show high-expression levels only in uninvolved psoriatic lesions. These seven genes, which were reported to be related to apoptosis or antiproliferation, might have causal roles in pathophysiology in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Itoh
- Laboratory for Gene-Expression Analysis, Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|