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Li L, Hyun Cho K, Yu X, Cheng S. Systematic Multi-Omics Investigation of Androgen Receptor Driven Gene Expression and Epigenetics changes in Prostate Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604505. [PMID: 39091838 PMCID: PMC11291036 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer, a common malignancy, is driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Understanding the function of AR signaling is critical for prostate cancer research. Methods We performed multi-omics data analysis for the AR+, androgen-sensitive LNCaP cell line, focusing on gene expression (RNAseq), chromatin accessibility (ATACseq), and transcription factor binding (ChIPseq). High-quality datasets were curated from public repositories and processed using state-of-the-art bioinformatics tools. Results Our analysis identified 1004 up-regulated and 707 down-regulated genes in response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) which diminished AR signaling activity. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that AR signaling influences pathways related to neuron differentiation, cell adhesion, P53 signaling, and inflammation. ATACseq and ChIPseq data demonstrated that as a transcription factor, AR primarily binds to distal enhancers, influencing chromatin modifications without affecting proximal promoter regions. In addition, the AR-induced genes maintained higher active chromatin states than AR-inhibited genes, even under ADT conditions. Furthermore, ADT did not directly induce neuroendocrine differentiation in LNCaP cells, suggesting a complex mechanism behind neuroendocrine prostate cancer development. In addition, a publicly available online application LNCaP-ADT (https://pcatools.shinyapps.io/shinyADT/) was launched for users to visualize and browse data generated by this study. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive multi-omics dataset, elucidating the role of AR signaling in prostate cancer at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. The reprocessed data is publicly available, offering a valuable resource for future prostate cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Kyung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
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2
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Chen M, Cai L, Xiang Y, Zhong L, Shi J. Advances in non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates in the treatment of prostate cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106889. [PMID: 37813074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) will develop metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) after androgen deprivation therapy, at this time the tumor enters the end stage, and the clinical treatment is very complicated, which requires rationalization of drugs to prolong the life of patients while improving their quality of life. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising biological target for drug delivery in mCRPC due to its high level of specific expression in PCa cell membranes and low expression in normal tissues. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) are gradually becoming a heat of discovery due to their good affinity and specificity; simple synthesis steps and transport management methods. Non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs under investigation can be divided into two categories: SMDCs and dual-ligand coupled drugs, among which SMDCs are the most widespread form of this type of conjugate. SMDCs have three key components: cytotoxic load, linker, and small molecule targeting ligands. SMDCs are internalized into the cell after binding to PSMA on the cell membrane and stored in endosomes and lysosomes, where they are usually enzymatically cleaved to allow precise release of cytotoxic molecules and uniform diffusion into the tumor tissue. More than a dozen non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have been developed, many of which have shown favorable properties in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations, demonstrating more favorable results than unmodified cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, non-radioactive PSMA-targeted SMDCs have great therapeutic potential for mCRPC as a form of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Linxuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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3
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Jameel M, Fatma H, Nadtochii LA, Siddique HR. Molecular Insight into Prostate Cancer: Preventive Role of Selective Bioactive Molecules. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1976. [PMID: 37895357 PMCID: PMC10608662 DOI: 10.3390/life13101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent male malignancies, accounting for a considerable number of annual mortalities. However, the prompt identification of early-stage CaP often faces delays due to diverse factors, including socioeconomic inequalities. The androgen receptor (AR), in conjunction with various other signaling pathways, exerts a central influence on the genesis, progression, and metastasis of CaP, with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) serving as the primary therapeutic strategy. Therapeutic modalities encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal intervention, and radiotherapy have been formulated for addressing early and metastatic CaP. Nonetheless, the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment frequently triggers the activation of signaling pathways, culminating in the emergence of chemoresistance, an aspect to which cancer stem cells (CSCs) notably contribute. Phytochemicals emerge as reservoirs of bioactive agents conferring manifold advantages against human morbidity. Several of these phytochemicals demonstrate potential chemoprotective and chemosensitizing properties against CaP, with selectivity exhibited towards malignant cells while sparing their normal counterparts. In this context, the present review aims to elucidate the intricate molecular underpinnings associated with metastatic CaP development and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Moreover, the contributions of phytochemicals to ameliorating CaP initiation, progression, and chemoresistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jameel
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Liudmila A. Nadtochii
- Department of Microbiology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical & Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
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4
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Luo Q, Liu Y, Shi K, Shen X, Yang Y, Liang X, Lu L, Qiao W, Chen A, Hong D, Sun Y, Xu Q. An autonomous activation of interleukin-17 receptor signaling sustains inflammation and promotes disease progression. Immunity 2023; 56:2006-2020.e6. [PMID: 37473759 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Anti-interleukin-17 (IL-17) therapy has been used in various autoimmune diseases. However, the efficacy is unexpectedly limited in several IL-17-associated diseases, and the mechanism of limited efficacy remains unclear. Here, we show that a molecular complex containing the adaptor molecule Act1 and tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 mediated autonomous IL-17R signaling that accelerated and sustained inflammation. SHP2, aberrantly augmented in various autoimmune diseases, was induced by IL-17A itself in astrocytes and keratinocytes, sustaining chemokine production even upon anti-IL-17 therapies. Mechanistically, SHP2 directly interacted with and dephosphorylated Act1, which replaced Act1-TRAF5 complexes and induced IL-17-independent activation of IL-17R signaling. Genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of SHP2, or blocking Act1-SHP2 interaction, paralyzed both IL-17-induced and IL-17-independent signaling and attenuated primary or relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, Act1-SHP2 complexes mediate an alternative pathway for autonomous activation of IL-17R signaling, targeting which could be a therapeutic option for IL-17-related diseases in addition to current antibody therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ke Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuecheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuejiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liangliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxuan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Airu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongmei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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5
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Wang A, Luo X, Meng X, Lu Z, Chen K, Yang Y. Discovery of a Novel Bifunctional Steroid Analog, YXG-158, as an Androgen Receptor Degrader and CYP17A1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:9972-9991. [PMID: 37458396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway plays an important role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Bifunctional agents that simultaneously degrade AR and inhibit androgen synthesis are expected to block the androgen/AR signaling pathway more thoroughly, demonstrating the promising therapeutic potential for CRPC, even enzalutamide-resistant CRPC. Herein, a series of steroid analogs were designed, synthesized, and identified as selective AR degraders, among which YXG-158 (23-h) was the most potent antitumor compound with dual functions of AR degradation and CYP17A1 inhibition. In addition, 23-h abrogated the hERG inhibition and exhibited excellent PK profiles. In vivo, 23-h effectively inhibited the growth of hormone-sensitive organs in the Hershberger assay and exhibited robust antitumor efficacy both in enzalutamide-sensitive (LNCaP/AR) and enzalutamide-resistant (C4-2b-ENZ) xenograft models. Thus, 23-h was chosen as a preclinical candidate for the treatment of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianggang Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Xin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yushe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
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6
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Hwang DJ, He Y, Ponnusamy S, Thiyagarajan T, Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Miller DD. Metabolism-Guided Selective Androgen Receptor Antagonists: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation for Activity against Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3372-3392. [PMID: 36825758 PMCID: PMC10243532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge for new drug discovery in the area of androgen receptor (AR) antagonists lies in predicting the druggable properties that will enable small molecules to retain their potency and stability during further studies in vitro and in vivo. Indole (compound 8) is a first-in-class AR antagonist with very high potency (IC50 = 0.085 μM) but is metabolically unstable. During the metabolic studies described herein, we synthesized new small molecules that exhibit significantly improved stability while retaining potent antagonistic activity for an AR. This structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of more than 50 compounds classified with three classes (Class I, II, and III) and discovered two compounds (32c and 35i) that are potent AR antagonists (e.g., IC50 = 0.021 μM, T1/2 = 120 min for compound 35i). The new antagonists exhibited improved in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) with high efficacy antiandrogen activity in Hershberger and antiandrogen Enz-Res tumor xenograft models that overexpress AR (LNCaP-AR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Yali He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Suriyan Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Thirumagal Thiyagarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Michael L Mohler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ramesh Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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7
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(Z)-2’-((Adamantan-1-yl)thio)-1,1’-dimethyl-2’,3’-dihydro-[2,4’-biimidazolylidene]-4,5,5’(1H,1’H,3H)-trione. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The title compound, (Z)-2’-((adamantan-1-yl)thio)-1,1’-dimethyl-2’,3’-dihydro-[2,4’-biimidazolylidene]-4,5,5’(1H,1’H,3H)-trione, was found to be a by-product of the reaction of 1,3-dehydroadamantane with 3-methyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one and characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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8
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Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Abiraterone Conjugate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248795. [PMID: 36557929 PMCID: PMC9783881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men. The main method of its treatment is androgen deprivation therapy, which has a wide range of side effects. One of the solutions to this challenge is the targeted delivery of drugs to prostate cancer cells. In this study, we performed the synthesis of a novel small-molecule PSMA-targeted conjugate based on abiraterone. Cytotoxicity, the induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and P450-cytochrome species inhibition were investigated for this conjugate PSMA-abiraterone. The conjugate demonstrated a preferential effect on prostate tumor cells, remaining inactive at up to 100 µM in human fibroblast cells. In addition, it revealed preferential efficacy, specifically on PSMA-expressing lines with a 65% tumor growth inhibition level on 22Rv1 (PSMA+) xenografts after 14-fold oral administration of PSMA-Abi at a single dose of 500 mg/kg (7.0 g/kg total dose) was observed. This compound showed significantly reduced acute toxicity with comparable efficacy compared to AbiAc.
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9
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Qi Y, Chen H, Chen S, Shen J, Li J. Synthesis, bioactivity, and molecular docking of novel arylpiperazine derivatives as potential AR antagonists. Front Chem 2022; 10:947065. [PMID: 36046733 PMCID: PMC9420858 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.947065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the malignant tumors and the second most common malignant tumor in men. Clinically used androgen receptor (AR)–targeted drugs can antagonize androgen and inhibit tumor growth, but these drugs can cause serious resistance problems. To develop novel AR antagonists, 22 kinds of arylpiperazine derivatives were designed and synthesized, and the derivatives 5, 8, 12, 19, 21, 22, 25, and 26 not only showed strong antagonistic potency (>55% inhibition) and binding affinities (IC50 <3 μM) to AR, but also showed stronger inhibitory activity to LNCaP cells versus PC-3 cells. Among them, derivative 21 exhibited the highest binding affinity for AR (IC50 = 0.65 μM) and the highest antagonistic potency (76.2% inhibition). Docking studies suggested that the derivative 21 is primarily bound to the AR-LBP site by the hydrophobic interactions. Overall, those results provided experimental methods for developing novel arylpiperazine derivatives as potent AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Qi
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen, ; Jianliang Shen, ; Jingguo Li,
| | - Shijin Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen, ; Jianliang Shen, ; Jingguo Li,
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Chen, ; Jianliang Shen, ; Jingguo Li,
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Lee YK, Kim JE, Xu Y, Han H, Lee JH, Lee HJ. AKT, a Key Transmitter of HIF-1α and AR Signaling Pathways, Has a Critical Role in the Apigetrin-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects in Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061370. [PMID: 35740392 PMCID: PMC9220772 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigetrin is a flavonoid glycoside phytochemical that is derived from various herbs and exhibits several beneficial biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-cancer effects. In the present study, we elucidated the anti-cancer effect and targeting mechanism of apigetrin in LNCaP and PC-3 cells through various experiments, including cell viability by CELLOMAXTM Viability Assay kit, cell migration by scratch wound assays, and 2D-and 3D- cell growth assay. Apigetrin inhibited the viability, migration, proliferation, and growth of cells in long-term 2D- and 3D- cultures cell growth. A high dose of apigetrin induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increased cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 (c-cas3) in both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Furthermore, apigetrin inhibited AR, PSA, HIF-1α, and VEGF expression in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Apigetrin also suppressed the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression in these cells. Furthermore, apigetrin reduced hypoxia-induced VEGF secretion in the culture medium and inhibited hypoxia-induced tube formation of HUVECs. Silencing of AKT revealed that the anti-cancer activity of apigetrin is mediated via AKT. Thus, our data suggest that apigetrin exerts anti-cancer effects by inhibiting AKT, a central key of HIF-1α and AR signaling, in early-and late-stage prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kyung Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yinzhu Xu
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Hengmin Han
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jae-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-K.L.); (H.H.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.-E.K.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Browne RB, Goswami N, Borah P, Roy JD. Computational approaches for evaluation of isobavachin as potential inhibitor against t877a and w741l mutations in prostate cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2398-2418. [PMID: 35118933 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2032353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the World's second most common cancer, with the fifth-highest male mortality rate. Point mutations such as T877A and W741L are frequently seen in advanced prostate cancer patients, conferring drug-resistance and hence driving cancer growth. Such occurrence of drug resistance in prostate cancer necessitates designing of suitable ligands to ensure better interactions with the receptors which can block the progression of the disease. The present study focus on the modification of plant-derived flavonoids that might act as inhibitors against such point mutations namely, T877A and W741L. In T877A mutation threonine is substituted by alanine at the 877 codon and W741L mutation, tryptophan is substituted by lysine at the 741 codon in prostate cancer. The study revolved on the aspect of the evaluation of Isobavachin and its derivatives as a potential agent to tackle such point mutations by using the in silico approach. A total of 98 molecular dockings were performed to find the ligand-receptor complexes with the lowest binding energy employing Autodock Software to conduct the blind and site-specific docking. Additionally, ligands were screened for Drug-likeness and toxicity using several tools yielding eight possible drug candidates. Based on the results of Molecular Docking, Drug-likeness, and ADMET testing, ten structures, including six complexes and three receptors were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation of 100 ns covering RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and MM/PBSA. Based on the simulation results, Isobavachin, IsoMod4, and IsoMod7 were concluded to be stable and exhibited potential properties for developing a novel drug to combat prostate cancer and its associated drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Barbie Browne
- Department of Biochemistry, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nabajyoti Goswami
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Probodh Borah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jayanti Datta Roy
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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12
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Zhang B, Zhang M, Yang Y, Li Q, Yu J, Zhu S, Niu Y, Shang Z. Targeting KDM4A-AS1 represses AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination and enhances enzalutamide response in CRPC. Oncogene 2022; 41:387-399. [PMID: 34759344 PMCID: PMC8755543 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a highly malignant type of advanced cancer resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. One of the important mechanisms for the development of CRPC is the persistent imbalanced regulation of AR and AR splice variants (AR/AR-Vs). In this study, we reported KDM4A-AS1, a recently discovered lncRNA, as a tumor promoter that was significantly increased in CRPC cell lines and cancer tissues. Depletion of KDM4A-AS1 significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, migration in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. We found that by binding to the NTD domain, KDM4A-AS1 enhances the stability of USP14-AR/AR-Vs complex, and promoted AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination to protect it from MDM2-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Moreover, KDM4A-AS1 was found to enhance CRPC drug resistance to enzalutamide by repressing AR/AR-Vs degradation; antisense oligonucleotide drugs targeting KDM4A-AS1 significantly reduced the growth of tumors with enzalutamide resistance. Taken together, our results indicated that KDM4A-AS1 played an important role in the progression of CRPC and enzalutamide resistance by regulating AR/AR-Vs deubiquitination; targeting KDM4A-AS1 has broad clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Mingpeng Zhang
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Qi Li
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Jianpeng Yu
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Shimiao Zhu
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Yuanjie Niu
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 China
| | - Zhiqun Shang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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13
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Kumar R, Mendonca J, Owoyemi O, Boyapati K, Thomas N, Kanacharoen S, Coffey M, Topiwala D, Gomes C, Ozbek B, Jones T, Rosen M, Dong L, Wiens S, Brennen WN, Isaacs JT, De Marzo AM, Markowski MC, Antonarakis ES, Qian DZ, Pienta KJ, Pardoll DM, Carducci MA, Denmeade SR, Kachhap SK. Supraphysiologic Testosterone Induces Ferroptosis and Activates Immune Pathways through Nucleophagy in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5948-5962. [PMID: 34645612 PMCID: PMC8639619 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that androgens play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer led to the development of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as a first line of treatment. However, paradoxical growth inhibition has been observed in a subset of prostate cancer upon administration of supraphysiologic levels of testosterone (SupraT), both experimentally and clinically. Here we report that SupraT activates cytoplasmic nucleic acid sensors and induces growth inhibition of SupraT-sensitive prostate cancer cells. This was initiated by the induction of two parallel autophagy-mediated processes, namely, ferritinophagy and nucleophagy. Consequently, autophagosomal DNA activated nucleic acid sensors converge on NFκB to drive immune signaling pathways. Chemokines and cytokines secreted by the tumor cells in response to SupraT resulted in increased migration of cytotoxic immune cells to tumor beds in xenograft models and patient tumors. Collectively, these findings indicate that SupraT may inhibit a subset of prostate cancer by activating nucleic acid sensors and downstream immune signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that supraphysiologic testosterone induces two parallel autophagy-mediated processes, ferritinophagy and nucleophagy, which then activate nucleic acid sensors to drive immune signaling pathways in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janet Mendonca
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olutosin Owoyemi
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kavya Boyapati
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Naiju Thomas
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suthicha Kanacharoen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Max Coffey
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deven Topiwala
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolina Gomes
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Busra Ozbek
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tracy Jones
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marc Rosen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liang Dong
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sadie Wiens
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Portland, Oregon
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John T Isaacs
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mark C Markowski
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Z Qian
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Prostate Cancer Program, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A Carducci
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel R Denmeade
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant K Kachhap
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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14
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Grbesa I, Augello MA, Liu D, McNally DR, Gaffney CD, Huang D, Lin K, Ivenitsky D, Goueli R, Robinson BD, Khani F, Deonarine LD, Blattner M, Elemento O, Davicioni E, Sboner A, Barbieri CE. Reshaping of the androgen-driven chromatin landscape in normal prostate cells by early cancer drivers and effect on therapeutic sensitivity. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109625. [PMID: 34496233 PMCID: PMC8477443 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal androgen receptor (AR) cistrome and transcriptional program are fundamentally altered in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we profile the chromatin landscape and AR-directed transcriptional program in normal prostate cells and show the impact of SPOP mutations, an early event in prostate tumorigenesis. In genetically normal mouse prostate organoids, SPOP mutation results in accessibility and AR binding patterns similar to that of human PCa. Consistent with dependence on AR signaling, castration of SPOP mutant mouse models results in the loss of neoplastic phenotypes, and human SPOP mutant PCa shows a favorable response to AR-targeted therapies. Together, these data validate mouse prostate organoids as a robust model for studying epigenomic and transcriptional alterations in normal prostate, provide valuable datasets for further studies, and show that a single genomic alteration may be sufficient to reprogram the chromatin of normal prostate cells toward oncogenic phenotypes, with potential therapeutic implications for AR-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Grbesa
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael A Augello
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dylan R McNally
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine and Weill Cornell Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Dennis Huang
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Lin
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daria Ivenitsky
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ramy Goueli
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francesca Khani
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lesa D Deonarine
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mirjam Blattner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher E Barbieri
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Zuccolo M, Arrighetti N, Perego P, Colombo D. Recent Progresses in Conjugation with Bioactive Ligands to Improve the Anticancer Activity of Platinum Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2566-2601. [PMID: 34365939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210806110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) drugs, including cisplatin, are widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. Despite the clinical success, side effects and occurrence of resistance represent major limitations to the use of clinically available Pt drugs. To overcome these problems, a variety of derivatives have been designed and synthetized. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the development of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes with bioactive ligands. The development of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes with targeting molecules, clinically available agents, and other bioactive molecules is an active field of research. Even if none of the reported Pt derivatives has been yet approved for clinical use, many of these compounds exhibit promising anticancer activities with an improved pharmacological profile. Thus, planning hybrid compounds can be considered as a promising approach to improve the available Pt-based anticancer agents and to obtain new molecular tools to deepen the knowledge of cancer progression and drug resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuccolo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan. Italy
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan. Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan. Italy
| | - Diego Colombo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan. Italy
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16
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Sun Y, Li Z, Song K. AR-mTOR-SRF Axis Regulates HMMR Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:667-677. [PMID: 34099592 PMCID: PMC8551732 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated expression of the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is known to be highly associated with tumor progression in prostate cancer, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of HMMR expression remain unclear. Here, we report that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of HMMR expression, for which its kinase activity is required. Pharmacological inhibitors of mTOR, such as rapamycin and Torin2, markedly suppressed the mRNA level as well as the protein level of HMMR in LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Our data demonstrate that such regulation occurs at the transcription level. HMMR promoter reporter assays revealed that the transcription factor SRF is responsible for the mTOR-mediated transcriptional regulation of HMMR gene. Consistently, the suppression of HMMR expression by Torin2 was noticeably reversed by the overexpression of SRF. Moreover, our findings suggest that the SRF binding sites responsible for the transcriptional regulation of HMMR through the mTOR-SRF axis are located in HMMR promoter sequences carrying the first intron, downstream of the translational start site. Furthermore, the upregulation of HMMR by DHT was abolished by stimulation with rapamycin, prior to DHT treatment, suggesting that mTOR activity is required for the induction of HMMR expression by androgen. Collectively, our study provides new mechanistic insights into the role of mTOR/SRF/AR signaling in HMMR regulation in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sun
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Zewu Li
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Song
- Department of Herbal Resources, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cong X, He Y, Wu H, Wang D, Liu Y, Shao T, Liu M, Yi Z, Zheng J, Peng S, Ding T. Regression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by a Novel Compound HG122. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650919. [PMID: 34150618 PMCID: PMC8210671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common aggressive disease worldwide which usually progresses into incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in most cases after 18-24 months treatment. Androgen receptor (AR) has been considered as a crucial factor involved in CRPC and the study of AR as a potential therapeutic target in CRPC may be helpful in disease control and life-cycle management. In this study, we identified a potent small molecule compound, HG122, that suppressed CRPC cells proliferation and metastasis, and inhibited tumor growth both in subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor model. In addition, HG122 reduced the mRNA expression of PSA and TMPRSS2 which are target genes of AR, resulting in cell growth inhibition and metastasis suppression of CRPC, without affecting the expression of AR mRNA level. Mechanically, HG122 promoted AR protein degradation through the proteasome pathway impairing the AR signaling pathway. In conclusion, HG122 overcomes enzalutamide (ENZ) resistance in CRPC both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting HG122 is a potential candidate for the clinical prevention and treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Cong
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yundong He
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingxiang Wang
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shao
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihong Peng
- East China Normal University and Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai, China
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Shahinozzaman M, Islam M, Basak B, Sultana A, Emran R, Ashrafizadeh M, Islam ATMR. A review on chemistry, source and therapeutic potential of lambertianic acid. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:347-356. [PMID: 33826808 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lambertianic acid (LA) is a diterpene bioactive compound mainly purified from different species of Pinus. It is an optical isomer of another natural compound daniellic acid and was firstly purified from Pinus lambertiana. LA can be synthesized in laboratory from podocarpic acid. It has been reported to have potential health benefits in attenuating obesity, allergies and different cancers including breast, liver, lung and prostate cancer. It exhibits anticancer properties through inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival, and inducing apoptosis, targeting major signalling components including AKT, AMPK, NFkB, COX-2, STAT3, etc. Most of the studies with LA were done using in vitro models, thus warranting future investigations with animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and toxicological profile. This review describes the chemistry, source, purification and therapeutic potentials of LA and it can therefore be a suitable guideline for any future study with LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Moutushi Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Arifa Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff E, Fink SJ, Mahapatra S, Carney DW, Lindsey EA, DeForest JC, France SP, Berritt S, Bigi-Botterill SV, Gibson TS, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved during 2019. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3604-3657. [PMID: 33783211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New drugs introduced to the market are privileged structures having affinities for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, provide insight into molecular recognition and simultaneously function as leads for the design of future medicines. This review is part of a continuing series presenting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 40 NCEs approved for the first time anywhere in the world in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma McInturff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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20
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Makwana V, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Signalling transduction of O-GlcNAcylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-axis in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166129. [PMID: 33744394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are found to predominate the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Both these pathways have their own specific intermediates to propagate the secondary signals in down-stream cascades and besides having their own structured network, also have shared interconnecting branches. These interconnections are either competitive or co-operative in nature depending on the microenvironmental conditions. Specifically, in prostate cancer HBP and mTOR pathways increases the expression and protein level of androgen receptor in order to support cancer cell proliferation, advancement and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of a single pathway is therefore insufficient to stop disease progression as the cancer cells manage to alter the signalling channel. This is one of the primary reasons for the therapeutic failure in prostate cancer and emergence of chemoresistance. Inhibition of these multiple pathways at their common junctures might prove to be of benefit in men suffering from an advanced disease state. Hence, a thorough understanding of these cellular intersecting points and their significance with respect to signal transduction mechanisms might assist in the rational designing of combinations for effective management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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21
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Brassicasterol from Edible Aquacultural Hippocampus abdominalis Exerts an Anti-Cancer Effect by Dual-Targeting AKT and AR Signaling in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090370. [PMID: 32972001 PMCID: PMC7555010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Compendium of Materia Medica, seahorse (Hippocampus) is considered effective for the reinforcement of kidney and men’s health. However, the role of seahorse on human health lacks scientific evidence. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of seahorse on human prostate cancer using various in vitro methods and identified bioactive compound. Seahorse lipid extract (SHL) decreased androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced LNCaP cells of prostate cancer. Gas Chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry data showed that brassicasterol was present in H. abdominalis. Brassicasterol downregulated the expression of AR and PSA in DHT-induced LNCaP cells. Brassicasterol induced apoptosis accompanied by sub-G1 phase arrest and inhibited migration in LNCaP cells. We confirmed that AKT and AR mediated the anti-cancer effect of brassicasterol using siRNA transfection. Brassicasterol exerts an anti-cancer effect in AR-independent cancer as well as in AR-dependent cells by AKT inhibiting. Our findings suggest that SHL has the anticancer potential via inhibition of AR and demonstrated that brassicasterol from H. abdominalis exerted an anti-cancer effect by dual-targeting AKT and AR signaling in prostate cancer.
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22
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Kim EH, Cao D, Mahajan NP, Andriole GL, Mahajan K. ACK1-AR and AR-HOXB13 signaling axes: epigenetic regulation of lethal prostate cancers. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa018. [PMID: 32885168 PMCID: PMC7454006 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a critical transcription factor in prostate cancer (PC) pathogenesis. Its activity in malignant cells is dependent on interactions with a diverse set of co-regulators. These interactions fluctuate depending on androgen availability. For example, the androgen depletion increases the dependence of castration-resistant PCs (CRPCs) on the ACK1 and HOXB13 cell survival pathways. Activated ACK1, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, phosphorylates cytosolic and nuclear proteins, thereby avoiding the inhibitory growth consequences of androgen depletion. Notably, ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of histone H4, which leads to epigenetic upregulation of AR expression, has emerged as a critical mechanism of CRPC resistance to anti-androgens. This resistance can be targeted using the ACK1-selective small-molecule kinase inhibitor (R)- 9b. CRPCs also deploy the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein BRD4 to epigenetically increase HOXB13 gene expression, which in turn activates the MYC target genes AURKA/AURKB. HOXB13 also facilitates ligand-independent recruitment of the AR splice variant AR-V7 to chromatin, compensating for the loss of the chromatin remodeling protein, CHD1, and restricting expression of the mitosis control gene HSPB8. These studies highlight the crosstalk between AR-ACK1 and AR-HOXB13 pathways as key mediators of CRPC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Kim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dengfeng Cao
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gerald L Andriole
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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23
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Gulyuz S, Bayram D, Ozkose UU, Bolat ZB, Kocak P, Saka OM, Devrim B, Parlak Khalily M, Telci D, Sahin F, Özçubukçu S, Sezer E, Tasdelen MA, Alpturk O, Bozkır A, Yilmaz O. Synthesis, biocompatibility and gene encapsulation of poly(2-Ethyl 2-Oxazoline)-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEtOx-DOPE) and post-modifications with peptides and fluorescent dye coumarin. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1767617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gulyuz
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Bayram
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Ugur Ozkose
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Busra Bolat
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Polen Kocak
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ongun Mehmet Saka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Devrim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Sezer
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Onur Alpturk
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Bozkır
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Yilmaz
- Materials Institution, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Kocaeli, Turkey
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24
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Siddiqui S, Libertini SJ, Lucas CA, Lombard AP, Baek HB, Nakagawa RM, Nishida KS, Steele TM, Melgoza FU, Borowsky AD, Durbin-Johnson BP, Qi L, Ghosh PM, Mudryj M. The p14ARF tumor suppressor restrains androgen receptor activity and prevents apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2020; 483:12-21. [PMID: 32330514 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by a unique dependence on optimal androgen receptor (AR) activity where physiological androgen concentrations induce proliferation but castrate and supraphysiological levels suppress growth. This feature has been exploited in bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) for castrate resistant malignancies. Here, we investigated the role of the tumor suppressor protein p14ARF in maintaining optimal AR activity and the function of the AR itself in regulating p14ARF levels. We used a tumor tissue array of differing stages and grades to define the relationships between these components and identified a strong positive correlation between p14ARF and AR expression. Mechanistic studies utilizing CWR22 xenograft and cell culture models revealed that a decrease in AR reduced p14ARF expression and deregulated E2F factors, which are linked to p14ARF and AR regulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified AR binding sites upstream of p14ARF. p14ARF depletion enhanced AR-dependent PSA and TMPRSS2 transcription, hence p14ARF constrains AR activity. However, p14ARF depletion ultimately results in apoptosis. In PCa cells, AR co-ops p14ARF as part of a feedback mechanism to ensure optimal AR activity for maximal prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Siddiqui
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Libertini
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Christopher A Lucas
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Alan P Lombard
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | - Han Bit Baek
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas M Steele
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, USA
| | - Frank U Melgoza
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
| | | | | | - LiHong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Urologic Surgery, USA
| | - Maria Mudryj
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, USA.
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25
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Liao VWY, Kumari A, Narlawar R, Vignarajan S, Hibbs DE, Panda D, Groundwater PW. Tubulin-Binding 3,5-Bis(styryl)pyrazoles as Lead Compounds for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 97:409-422. [PMID: 32241960 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.118539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-binding taxanes, docetaxel and cabazitaxel, are administered intravenously for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as the oral administration of these drugs is largely hampered by their low and highly variable bioavailabilities. Using a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted protocol, we have synthesized a number of 3,5-bis(styryl)pyrazoles 2a-l, thus allowing for their screening for antiproliferative activity in the androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cell line. Surprisingly, two of these structurally simple 3,5-bis(styryl)pyrazoles (2a and 2l) had concentrations which gave 50% of the maximal inhibition of cell proliferation (GI50) in the low micromolar range in the PC3 cell line and were thus selected for extensive further biologic evaluation (apoptosis and cell cycle analysis, and effects on tubulin and microtubules). Our findings from these studies show that 3,5-bis[(1E)-2(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1H-pyrazole 2l 1) caused significant effects on the cell cycle in PC3 cells, with the vast majority of treated cells in the G2/M phase (89%); 2) induces cell death in PC3 cells even after the removal of the compound; 3) binds to tubulin [dissociation constant (Kd) 0.4 ± 0.1 μM] and inhibits tubulin polymerization in vitro; 4) had no effect upon the polymerization of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ (a homolog of tubulin); 5) is competitive with paclitaxel for binding to tubulin but not with vinblastine, crocin, or colchicine; and 6) leads to microtubule depolymerization in PC3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that 3,5-bis(styryl)pyrazoles warrant further investigation as lead compounds for the treatment of CRPC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The taxanes are important components of prostate cancer chemotherapy regimens, but their oral administration is hampered by very low and highly variable oral bioavailabilities resulting from their poor absorption, poor solubility, high first-pass metabolism, and efficient efflux by P-glycoprotein. New chemical entities for the treatment of prostate cancer are thus required, and we report here the synthesis and investigation of the mechanism of action of some bis(styryl)pyrazoles, demonstrating their potential as lead compounds for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian W Y Liao
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - Anuradha Kumari
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - Rajeshwar Narlawar
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - Soma Vignarajan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - David E Hibbs
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - Dulal Panda
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
| | - Paul W Groundwater
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (V.W.Y.L., R.N., D.E.H., P.W.G.) and Charles Perkins Centre (S.V.), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India (A.K., D.P.)
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26
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Transcriptional suppression of androgen receptor by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:433-448. [PMID: 32219716 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role as a target for amplification/mutation in pathogenesis and tumor progression in prostate, and thus, controlling AR activity or expression might be a feasible therapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer. Here, we report the novel mechanisms by which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) targets AR to stimulate cell death in both hormone-responsive and -refractory prostate cancer cells. We found that miR-488, a tumor suppressive microRNA, was markedly induced by GA treatment, resulting in the down-regulation of AR expression and inhibition of cellular responses mediated by androgens. Moreover, GA not only suppressed the expression of androgen target genes (TMPRSS2, PSA, and NKX3.1), but also enhanced the suppressive effect of anti-androgens (bicalutamide and flutamide) on LNCaP cell growth. Our data further provides evidence that down-regulation of AR expression by GA may occur through transcriptional suppression at AR promoter region between - 1014 and - 829. Ectopic expression of SFR and E2F3α reversed the inhibitory effect of GA on AR promoter activity as well as protein expression, suggesting that GA may target transcription factors SRF and E2F3α to regulate AR expression. Taken together, our study provides new insights on AR regulation and GA as a potential therapeutic candidate for human prostate cancer.
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27
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The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK: regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways and opportunities for attACKing cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1715-1731. [PMID: 31845724 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase or ACK, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an effector protein for the small G protein Cdc42. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated in the past few years heavily implicating ACK as a driver of oncogenic processes. Concomitantly, more is also being revealed regarding the signalling pathways involving ACK and molecular details of its modes of action. Some details are also available regarding the regulatory mechanisms of this kinase, including activation and regulation of its catalytic activity, however, a full understanding of these aspects remains elusive. This review considers the current knowledge base concerning ACK and summarizes efforts and future prospects to target ACK therapeutically in cancer.
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28
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Spirina LV, Kovaleva IV, Usynin EA, Goorbunov AK, Kondakova IV. Progesterone Receptor Expression in the Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer Tissues, Relation with Transcription, Growth Factors, Hormone Reception and Components of the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:423-429. [PMID: 32102520 PMCID: PMC7332139 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Progesterone receptor (PR) is a critical regulator in reproductive tissues that controls a variety of cellular processes. The objective of the study was to study the PR expression in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancers in connection with the transcription, growth factors, AR, ERα, ERβ, and components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway expression. Materials and methods: Ninety-seven patients with prostate pathology were enrolled in the study. Forty-two patients had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BH). Fifty-five patients had locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). The PSA level and the amount of testosterone in the serum were measured using an ELISA assay. The expression level of NF-κB p65, NF-κB p50, HIF-1, HIF-2, growth factor VEGF, VEGFR2, CAIX, as well as AR, ERα, ERβ, PR, Brn-3α, TRIM16 were quantified by RT-PCR. The protein level of Brn-3α, TRIM16 was detected by Western Blotting. Results: Growth in PR expression was observed in PCa tissues compared to BH ones without changes in the clinical and pathological features of the patients. An increase in PR expression was detected in patients with PCa compared to BH. Its mRNA level depended on the expression of AR, Brn-3α, and TRIM16, components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, transcription, and growth factors. An increase in the TRIM16 expression in the PCa tissues was noted in the case of a low PR level. We revealed the growth in PR expression was accompanied by the suppression of the signaling cascade activity, AR, Brn-3α mRNA level, and the enhanced PTEN expression in PCa tissues. The increase in PR expression in PCa led to a decrease in the level of mRNA of NF-κB, HIF-1, VEGF, and VEGFR2. Conclusion: In general, the data indicated the significance of the PR expression in the development of the prostate pathology that affected the cross-talk between the steroid hormone reception and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila V Spirina
- Leader Researcher, Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation.,Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with Course of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic; Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Kovaleva
- Student of Medico-Biological Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A Usynin
- Department of Surgical, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey K Goorbunov
- Department of Surgical, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Kondakova
- Leader Researcher, Laboratory of Tumor Biochemistry, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
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Regression of castration-resistant prostate cancer by a novel compound QW07 targeting androgen receptor N-terminal domain. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:399-416. [PMID: 32002708 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) via surgical or chemical castration frequently fails to halt lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is induced by multiple mechanisms involving constitutive androgen receptor (AR) splice variants, AR mutation, and/or de novo androgen synthesis. The AR N-terminal domain (NTD) possesses most transcriptional activity and is proposed as a potential target for CRPC drug development. We constructed a screening system targeting AR-NTD transcription activity to screening a compound library and identified a novel small molecule compound named QW07. The function evaluation and mechanism investigation of QW07 were carried out in vitro and in vivo. QW07 bound to AR-NTD directly, blocked the transactivation of AR-NTD, blocked interactions between co-regulatory proteins and androgen response elements (AREs), inhibited the expression of genes downstream of AR, and inhibited prostate cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. QW07 was demonstrated as an AR-NTD-specific antagonist with the potential to inhibit both canonical and variant-mediated AR signaling to regress the CRPC xenografts and is proposed as a lead compound for a specific antagonist targeting AR-NTD.
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30
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Sonkusre P. Specificity of Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Therapy With Reduced Risk of Toxicity: An in vitro and in vivo Study. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1541. [PMID: 32010628 PMCID: PMC6978793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium deficiency is associated with many physiological disorders including the high risk of cancer. The rehabilitation of selenium with different selenium supplements, however, fails due to their low therapeutic index. Therefore, it is advantageous to have a less toxic form of selenium for supplementation with potentially high anticancer activity. Here we show Bacillus licheniformis derived biogenic selenium nanoparticles at a minimal concentration of 2 μg Se/ml induce necroptosis in LNCaP-FGC cells, without affecting the RBC integrity. Real-time gene expression analysis indicated the overexpression of tumor necrotic factor (TNF) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF1) and decreased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed the subsequent oral administrations of 10 times higher concentration of these endotoxin free selenium nanoparticles in C3H/HeJ mice (50 mg Se/kg of body weight), induce significantly lower toxicity compared to the L-selenomethionine (5 mg Se/kg). Our study suggested that the biogenic SeNP could emerge as the safest form of selenium supplementation with potent anticancer activity.
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31
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Abstract
Between the 1930s and 1950s, scientists developed key principles of population genetics to try and explain the aging process. Almost a century later, these aging theories, including antagonistic pleiotropy and mutation accumulation, have been experimentally validated in animals. Although the theories have been much harder to test in humans despite research dating back to the 1970s, recent research is closing this evidence gap. Here we examine the strength of evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy in humans, one of the leading evolutionary explanations for the retention of genetic risk variation for non-communicable diseases. We discuss the analytical tools and types of data that are used to test for patterns of antagonistic pleiotropy and provide a primer of evolutionary theory on types of selection as a guide for understanding this mechanism and how it may manifest in other diseases. We find an abundance of non-experimental evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy in many diseases. In some cases, several studies have independently found corroborating evidence for this mechanism in the same or related sets of diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies also suggest antagonistic pleiotropy may be involved in cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are also compelling examples of disease risk variants that confer fitness benefits ranging from resistance to other diseases or survival in extreme environments. This provides increasingly strong support for the theory that antagonistic pleiotropic variants have enabled improved fitness but have been traded for higher burden of disease later in life. Future research in this field is required to better understand how this mechanism influences contemporary disease and possible consequences for their treatment.
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32
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Role of novel hormonal therapies in the management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a literature-based meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1033-1039. [PMID: 31617061 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel hormonal therapies have been recently investigated in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary outcome was metastasis-free survival (MFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), time to PSA progression and safety. We planned a subgroup analysis according to the PSA doubling time (> 6 vs < 6 months), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (1 vs 0) and concomitant use of bone-targeting agent (yes vs no). RESULTS Pooled analysis of novel hormonal therapies revealed significantly increased MFS compared with placebo (hazard ratio (HR): HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.41; p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant MFS advantage in favour of men with the lower ECOG performance status. Other secondary endpoints favoured the novel hormonal therapies. The relative risk (RR) of grade ≥ 3 adverse events and ≥ 3 hypertension was 1.31 and 1.39, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the efficacy and safety of the novel hormonal therapies in non-metastatic CRPC.
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33
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Madueke I, Hu WY, Hu D, Swanson SM, Griend DV, Abern M, Prins GS. The role of WNT10B in normal prostate gland development and prostate cancer. Prostate 2019; 79:1692-1704. [PMID: 31433503 PMCID: PMC9639854 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT signaling is implicated in embryonic development, and in adult tissue homeostasis, while its deregulation is evident in disease. This study investigates the unique roles of canonical WNT10B in both normal prostate development and prostate cancer (PCa) progression. METHODS Organ culture and rat ventral prostates (VPs) were used to study Wnt10b ontogeny and growth effect of WNT10B protein. PB-SV40 LTag rat VPs were utilized for Wnt expression polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and immunohistochemistry. Human localized PCa tissue microarrays (TMAs) were investigated for differential WNT10B expression. Human RNA-seq data sets were queried for differential expression of WNT10B in metastatic and localized PCa. Knockdown of WNT10B in PC3 cells was utilized to study its effects on proliferation, stemness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and xenograft propagation. RESULTS Wnt10b expression was highest at birth and rapidly declined in the postnatal rat VP. Exogenous WNT10B addition to culture developing VPs decreased growth suggesting an antiproliferative role. VPs from PB-SV40 LTag rats with localized PCa showed a 25-fold reduction in Wnt10b messenger RNA (mRNA) expession, confirmed at the protein level. Human PCa TMAs revealed elevated WNT10B protein in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia compared with normal prostates but reduced levels in localized PCa specimens. In contrast, RNA-seq data set of annotated human PCa metastasis found a significant increase in WNT10B mRNA expression compared with localized tumors suggesting stage-specific functions of WNT10B. Similarly, WNT10B mRNA levels were increased in metastatic cell lines PC3, PC3M, as well as in HuSLC, a PCa stem-like cell line, as compared with disease-free primary prostate epithelial cells. WNT10B knockdown in PC3 cells reduced expression of EMT genes, MMP9 and stemness genes NANOG and SOX2 and markedly reduced the stem cell-like side population. Furthermore, loss of WNT10B abrogated the ability of PC3 cells to propagate tumors via serial transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest a dual role for WNT10B in normal development and in PCa progression with opposing functions depending on disease stage. We propose that decreased WNT10B levels in localized cancer allow for a hyperproliferative state, whereas increased levels in advanced disease confer a stemness and malignant propensity which is mitigated by knocking down WNT10B levels. This raises the potential for WNT10B as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Madueke
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Danping Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Donald Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Abern
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Chen H, Zhang J, Hu P, Qian Y, Li J, Shen J. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of 4-Amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one (ABO) analogs containing the piperazine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115081. [PMID: 31493989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major cause of cancer-related male death in worldwide. To develop of potential anti-prostate cancer agents, 22 kinds of 4-Amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one analogs were designed and synthesized as potent androgen receptor (AR) antagonist through rational drug modification leading to the discovery of a series of novel antiproliferative compounds. Analogs (3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 21, 23, and 24) exhibited potent antagonistic potency against AR (inhibition >50%), and exhibited potent AR binding affinities as well as displayed the higher activities than finasteride toward LNCaP cells (AR-rich) versus PC-3 cells (AR-deficient). Moreover, the docking study suggested that the most potent antagonist 23 mainly bind to AR ligand binding pocket (LBP) site through Van der Waals' force interactions. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these designed 4-Amino-2H-benzo[h]chromen-2-one analogs was rationally explored and discussed. Collectively, this work provides a potential lead compound for anticancer agent development related to prostate cancer therapy, and took a step forward towards the development of novel and improved AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Peixin Hu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yuna Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou 325001, China.
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Shin SB, Woo SU, Yim H. Cotargeting Plk1 and androgen receptor enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846375. [PMID: 31156720 PMCID: PMC6515847 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Despite the clinical success of taxanes, they still have limitations, such as chemoresistance. To overcome the limitations of paclitaxel, genetic alterations and targeting effects of altered genes were observed in paclitaxel-resistant cancer. Because paclitaxel-resistant cancer shows high levels of Plk1, a promising target in chemotherapy, the effectiveness of Plk1 inhibitors in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells has been investigated. Methods: Paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells were developed by exposure of stepwise escalating levels of paclitaxel. Genetic alterations were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Using a cell viability assay, combined targeting effects for Plk1 and androgen receptor (AR) were determined. Clinical data were analyzed to understand the relationship between Plk1 and AR in prostate cancer patients. Results: Treatment with Plk1 inhibitors markedly reduced the expression of MDR1, MRP1, and Plk1 in the paclitaxel-resistant cancer. Among Plk1 inhibitors, genistein, recently found as a direct Plk1 inhibitor, tended to be more effective in the paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer than the parental cancer cells, which was related to the suppression of the AR, as well as inhibition of Plk1 activity. A combination of Plk1 inhibitors and AR antagonist bicalutamide exhibited a synergistic effect in LNCaPTXR, as well as LNCaP cells, by inhibiting Plk1 and AR. Analysis of clinical data provides evidence for the relevance between Plk1 and AR in prostate cancer patients, showing that Plk1 and AR are strong predictors of poor survival rates. Conclusions: We suggest that cotargeting Plk1 and AR would be effective in advanced chemoresistant prostate cancer cells to overcome the limitations associated with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Bi Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
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Deng Q, Luo L, Quan Z, Liu N, Du Z, Sun W, Luo C, Wu X. HepaCAM inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer by suppressing nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor via its cytoplasmic domain. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2115-2124. [PMID: 30664187 PMCID: PMC6390061 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (HepaCAM) is a tumour suppressor. However, the mechanism of HepaCAM function in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unknown. In the present study, HepaCAM, androgen receptor (AR) and Ran were analysed in 46 PCa tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, the influence of HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and associated proteins was examined using MTT, wound healing, Transwell and western blotting assays, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear translocation of AR and Ran was analysed using immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. The results demonstrated that HepaCAM expression was reduced in PCa, and there was an association between downregulation of HepaCAM and changes in the distribution of AR and Ran. Furthermore, HepaCAM, specifically the cytoplasmic domain, was involved in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Nuclear translocation of AR was dependent on HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain. Additionally, HepaCAM suppression of the nuclear translocation of AR occurred via Ran. The results suggest that HepaCAM and its cytoplasmic domain suppress the nuclear translocation of AR via Ran in PCa. The cytoplasmic domain of HepaCAM may serve as a novel target for therapy in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Deng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Nanjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostics Medicine Designated by The Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Wang Z, Liu F, Yu JJ, Jin JZ. β-Bourbonene attenuates proliferation and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4519-4525. [PMID: 30197674 PMCID: PMC6126340 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes have antitumor, anti-inflammation, and anti-fungal effects. β-bourbonene is a kind of sesquiterpene, but its pharmacological effect has not been studied. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the potential anticancer effects of β-bourbonene on human prostate cancer PC-3M cells. PC-3M cells were incubated with 0, 25, 50, 100 µg/ml of β-bourbonene. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) detection showed that compared with the control group, β-bourbonene inhibited the growth of PC-3M cells in a dose-dependent manner. G0/G1 phase arrest was observed by β-bourbonene by using flow cytometry. TUNEL staining and Annexin V/PI dual-staining method revealed that apoptosis was found in cells with β-bourbonene treatment, and the quantity of apoptotic cells was increased with the elevation in concentration. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Fas and FasL in the drug-treatment group were significantly elevated. Furthermore, the western blot assay also indicated that with an increase in the concentration of β-bourbonene, the protein expression of Bax in the drug-treatment group was significantly elevated, while a decrease was identified in the protein expression of Bcl-2. Taken together, β-bourbonene can inhibit the proliferation and simultaneously, induce apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest of prostate cancer PC-3M cells, which may be realized by upregulation of mRNA expression of Fas and FasL, increase of Bax protein expression and decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Urology, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Urology, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Jin
- Department of Urology, Sixth People's Hospital South Campus Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
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MacDonald AF, Bettaieb A, Donohoe DR, Alani DS, Han A, Zhao Y, Whelan J. Concurrent regulation of LKB1 and CaMKK2 in the activation of AMPK in castrate-resistant prostate cancer by a well-defined polyherbal mixture with anticancer properties. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 29914450 PMCID: PMC6006779 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zyflamend, a blend of herbal extracts, effectively inhibits tumor growth using preclinical models of castrate-resistant prostate cancer mediated in part by 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master energy sensor of the cell. Clinically, treatment with Zyflamend and/or metformin (activators of AMPK) had benefits in castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients who no longer responded to treatment. Two predominant upstream kinases are known to activate AMPK: liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a tumor suppressor, and calcium-calmodulin kinase kinase-2 (CaMKK2), a tumor promotor over-expressed in many cancers. The objective was to interrogate how Zyflamend activates AMPK by determining the roles of LKB1 and CaMKK2. METHODS AMPK activation was determined in CWR22Rv1 cells treated with a variety of inhibitors of LKB1 and CaMKK2 in the presence and absence of Zyflamend, and in LKB1-null HeLa cells that constitutively express CaMKK2, following transfection with wild type LKB1 or catalytically-dead mutants. Upstream regulation by Zyflamend of LKB1 and CaMKK2 was investigated targeting protein kinase C-zeta (PKCζ) and death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), respectively. RESULTS Zyflamend's activation of AMPK appears to be LKB1 dependent, while simultaneously inhibiting CaMKK2 activity. Zyflamend failed to rescue the activation of AMPK in the presence of pharmacological and molecular inhibitors of LKB1, an effect not observed in the presence of inhibitors of CaMKK2. Using LKB1-null and catalytically-dead LKB1-transfected HeLa cells that constitutively express CaMKK2, ionomycin (activator of CaMKK2) increased phosphorylation of AMPK, but Zyflamend only had an effect in cells transfected with wild type LKB1. Zyflamend appears to inhibit CaMKK2 by DAPK-mediated phosphorylation of CaMKK2 at Ser511, an effect prevented by a DAPK inhibitor. Alternatively, Zyflamend mediates LKB1 activation via increased phosphorylation of PKCζ, where it induced translocation of PKCζ and LKB1 to their respective active compartments in HeLa cells following treatment. Altering the catalytic activity of LKB1 did not alter this translocation. DISCUSSION Zyflamend's activation of AMPK is mediated by LKB1, possibly via PKCζ, but independent of CaMKK2 by a mechanism that appears to involve DAPK. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, this is the first evidence that natural products simultaneously and antithetically regulate upstream kinases, known to be involved in cancer, via the activation of AMPK.
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Choudhury AD, Gray KP, Supko JG, Harshman LC, Taplin ME, Pace AF, Farina M, Zukotynski KA, Bernard B, Kantoff PW, Pomerantz M, Sweeney C. A dose finding clinical trial of cabozantinib (XL184) administered in combination with abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2018; 78:10.1002/pros.23662. [PMID: 29882250 PMCID: PMC6286224 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cabozantinib can enhance the effect of abiraterone in preclinical prostate cancer models. This study aimed to define the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and preliminary efficacy of abiraterone + cabozantinib in mCRPC. METHODS Patients with progressive mCRPC with 0-2 prior chemotherapy regimens but no prior CYP17A1 or MET inhibitor received abiraterone acetate at 1000 mg daily with prednisone 5 mg BID in combination with cabozantinib at 20, 40, or 60 mg daily in a dose-escalation 3 + 3 open-label phase 1 design (Part A). After tolerable doses were defined, cohorts were expanded to better define toxicity and efficacy (Part B). RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in the first 4 weeks at any of the three dose levels in Part A. Two of the three patients at the 60 mg dose level required dose reductions beyond cycle 2 due to fatigue. In Part B, nine more patients were accrued to each of the 20 and 40 mg doses. Of the 12 patients treated at the 40 mg dose, only one DLT (grade 3 Lipase elevation) was observed in cycle 1. The median time to radiographic progression was 12.88 months (95% CI:5.42- not estimated [NE]) in the 20 mg cohort and 22.01 months (95% CI:15.44-NE) in the 40 mg cohort. Median overall survival was 23.29 months (95% CI:19.06-NE) in the 20 mg cohort and 39.08 months (95% CI:17.38-NE) in the 40 mg cohort. CONCLUSIONS Based on tolerability and preliminary efficacy, 40 mg cabozantinib plus 1000 mg abiraterone daily is the RP2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn P Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lauren C Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Pomerantz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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40
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Sakkiah S, Kusko R, Pan B, Guo W, Ge W, Tong W, Hong H. Structural Changes Due to Antagonist Binding in Ligand Binding Pocket of Androgen Receptor Elucidated Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:492. [PMID: 29867496 PMCID: PMC5962723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When a small molecule binds to the androgen receptor (AR), a conformational change can occur which impacts subsequent binding of co-regulator proteins and DNA. In order to accurately study this mechanism, the scientific community needs a crystal structure of the Wild type AR (WT-AR) ligand binding domain, bound with antagonist. To address this open need, we leveraged molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to construct a structure of the WT-AR ligand binding domain bound with antagonist bicalutamide. The structure of mutant AR (Mut-AR) bound with this same antagonist informed this study. After molecular docking analysis pinpointed the suitable binding orientation of a ligand in AR, the model was further optimized through 1 μs of MD simulations. Using this approach, three molecular systems were studied: (1) WT-AR bound with agonist R1881, (2) WT-AR bound with antagonist bicalutamide, and (3) Mut-AR bound with bicalutamide. Our structures were very similar to the experimentally determined structures of both WT-AR with R1881 and Mut-AR with bicalutamide, demonstrating the trustworthiness of this approach. In our model, when WT-AR is bound with bicalutamide, Val716/Lys720/Gln733, or Met734/Gln738/Glu897 move and thus disturb the positive and negative charge clumps of the AF2 site. This disruption of the AF2 site is key for understanding the impact of antagonist binding on subsequent co-regulator binding. In conclusion, the antagonist induced structural changes in WT-AR detailed in this study will enable further AR research and will facilitate AR targeting drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugunadevi Sakkiah
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Rebecca Kusko
- Immuneering Corporation, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bohu Pan
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Weigong Ge
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Weida Tong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Huixiao Hong
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
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Li X, Zhong Y, Lu J, Axcrona K, Eide L, Syljuåsen RG, Peng Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Goscinski MA, Kvalheim G, Nesland JM, Suo Z. MtDNA depleted PC3 cells exhibit Warburg effect and cancer stem cell features. Oncotarget 2018; 7:40297-40313. [PMID: 27248169 PMCID: PMC5130009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing mtDNA content was considered as a critical step in the metabolism restructuring for cell stemness restoration and further neoplastic development. However, the connections between mtDNA depletion and metabolism reprograming-based cancer cell stemness in prostate cancers are still lack of studies. Here, we demonstrated that human CRPC cell line PC3 tolerated high concentration of the mtDNA replication inhibitor ethidium bromide (EtBr) and the mtDNA depletion triggered a universal metabolic remodeling process. Failure in completing that process caused lethal consequences. The mtDNA depleted (MtDP) PC3 cells could be steadily maintained in the special medium in slow cycling status. The MtDP PC3 cells contained immature mitochondria and exhibited Warburg effect. Furthermore, the MtDP PC3 cells were resistant to therapeutic treatments and contained greater cancer stem cell-like subpopulations: CD44+, ABCG2+, side-population and ALDHbright. In conclusion, these results highlight the association of mtDNA content, mitochondrial function and cancer cell stemness features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Yali Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Karol Axcrona
- Department of Urology, The Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, 1478, Norway
| | - Lars Eide
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | - Randi G Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Junbai Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Tumor Biology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mariusz Adam Goscinski
- Department of Surgery, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cell Therapy, Cancer Institute, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway
| | - Jahn M Nesland
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0379, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
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Chen Y, Cang S, Han L, Liu C, Yang P, Solangi Z, Lu Q, Liu D, Chiao JW. Establishment of prostate cancer spheres from a prostate cancer cell line after phenethyl isothiocyanate treatment and discovery of androgen-dependent reversible differentiation between sphere and neuroendocrine cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26567-79. [PMID: 27034170 PMCID: PMC5041999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer can transform from androgen-responsive to an androgen-independent phenotype. The mechanism responsible for the transformation remains unclear. We studied the effects of an epigenetic modulator, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), on the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells. After treatment with PEITC, floating spheres were formed with characteristics of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSC). These spheres were capable of self-renewal in media with and without androgen. They have been maintained in both types of media as long term cultures. Upon androgen deprivation, the adherent spheres differentiated to neuroendocrine cells (NEC) with decreased proliferation, expression of androgen receptor, and PSA. NEC reverse differentiated to spheres when androgen was replenished. The sphere cells expressed surface marker CD44 and had enhanced histone H3K4 acetylation, DNMT1 down-regulation and GSTP1 activation. We hypothesize that PEITC-mediated alteration in epigenomics of LNCaP cells may give rise to sphere cells, whereas reversible androgenomic alterations govern the shuttling between sphere PCSC and progeny NEC. Our findings identify unrecognized properties of prostate cancer sphere cells with multi-potential plasticity. This system will facilitate development of novel therapeutic agents and allow further exploration into epigenomics and androgenomics governing the transformation to hormone refractory prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Chen
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shundong Cang
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.,Department of Oncology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Patrick Yang
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Zeeshan Solangi
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Quanyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J W Chiao
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Natural Korean Medicine Dang-Gui: Biosynthesis, Effective Extraction and Formulations of Major Active Pyranocoumarins, Their Molecular Action Mechanism in Cancer, and Other Biological Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122170. [PMID: 29215592 PMCID: PMC6149795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is a crucial oriental medicinal herb that grows especially in Korea and the Far-East countries. It contains chemically active compounds like pyranocoumarins, polyacetylenes and essential oils, which might be useful for treatment of several chronic diseases. It has been used for centuries as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia, but in Western countries is used as a functional food and a major ingredient of several herbal products. The genus Angelica is also known as ‘female ginseng’ due to its critical therapeutic role in female afflictions, such as gynecological problems. However, it is well-documented that the AGN pyranocoumarins may play vital beneficial roles against cancer, neurodisorders, inflammation, osteoporosis, amnesia, allergies, depression, fungi, diabetes, ischemia, dermatitis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and androgen. Though numerous studies revealed the role of AGN pyranocoumarins as therapeutic agents, none of the reviews have published their molecular mechanism of action. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the first review that aims to appraise the biosynthesis of AGN’s major active pyranocoumarins, discuss effective extraction and formulation methods, and detail the molecular action mechanism of decursin (D), decursinol angelate (DA) and decursinol (DOH) in chronic diseases, which would further help extension of research in this area.
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Magani F, Peacock SO, Rice MA, Martinez MJ, Greene AM, Magani PS, Lyles R, Weitz JR, Burnstein KL. Targeting AR Variant-Coactivator Interactions to Exploit Prostate Cancer Vulnerabilities. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1469-1480. [PMID: 28811363 PMCID: PMC5770277 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progresses rapidly and is incurable. Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) represent a well-established mechanism of therapeutic resistance and disease progression. These variants lack the AR ligand-binding domain and, as such, are not inhibited by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which is the standard systemic approach for advanced prostate cancer. Signaling by AR-Vs, including the clinically relevant AR-V7, is augmented by Vav3, an established AR coactivator in CRPC. Using mutational and biochemical studies, we demonstrated that the Vav3 Diffuse B-cell lymphoma homology (DH) domain interacted with the N-terminal region of AR-V7 (and full length AR). Expression of the Vav3 DH domain disrupted Vav3 interaction with and enhancement of AR-V7 activity. The Vav3 DH domain also disrupted AR-V7 interaction with other AR coactivators: Src1 and Vav2, which are overexpressed in PC. This Vav3 domain was used in proof-of-concept studies to evaluate the effects of disrupting the interaction between AR-V7 and its coactivators on CRPC cells. This disruption decreased CRPC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, caused increased apoptosis, decreased migration, and resulted in the acquisition of morphological changes associated with a less aggressive phenotype. While disrupting the interaction between FL-AR and its coactivators decreased N-C terminal interaction, disrupting the interaction of AR-V7 with its coactivators decreased AR-V7 nuclear levels.Implications: This study demonstrates the potential therapeutic utility of inhibiting constitutively active AR-V signaling by disrupting coactivator binding. Such an approach is significant, as AR-Vs are emerging as important drivers of CRPC that are particularly recalcitrant to current therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(11); 1469-80. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Magani
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stephanie O Peacock
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Meghan A Rice
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria J Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ann M Greene
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Pablo S Magani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Rolando Lyles
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan R Weitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kerry L Burnstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida
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McLean DT, Strand DW, Ricke WA. Prostate cancer xenografts and hormone induced prostate carcinogenesis. Differentiation 2017; 97:23-32. [PMID: 28923776 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advancement of transgenic and gene knockout animal models in the prostate cancer research, there is still a need for utilizing xenograft models. Xenografts can be grown in multiple sites/organs within immunocompromised animals such as mice and rats. Although prostate xenografts have been derived from many species, human cells and tissues are the most commonly used due to their potential clinical significance. Xenograft models that progress from one state or stage to another are commonly used to address important scientific questions including malignant transformation, metastatic spread, and castration resistance. Utilization of xenografts are commonly being used to assess the biology and genetics of prostate cancer, as well as, for therapeutic benefit. In addition to models for the study of prostate cancer, xenografts are also utilized as a tool in precision medicine where patient derived xenografts (PDX) can be grown in multiple animals and assessed for therapeutic efficacy. The popularity of such xenograft models and PDXs have led to availability of these resources through public and commercial institutions. In this review, we describe both traditional and emerging models of prostate cancer and their potential uses. Further development of current models and introduction of new models will likely provide new insights and better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T McLean
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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46
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Momtazi-borojeni AA, Abdollahi E, Ghasemi F, Caraglia M, Sahebkar A. The novel role of pyrvinium in cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2871-2881. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Momtazi-borojeni
- Nanotechnology Research Center; Bu-Ali Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Immunology; School of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Medical Biotechnology; Arak University of Medical Sciences; Arak Iran
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology; University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”; Via L. De Crecchio; Naples Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Dayal S, Zhou J, Manivannan P, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad OF, Clark M, Awadia S, Garcia-Mata R, Shemshedini L, Malathi K. RNase L Suppresses Androgen Receptor Signaling, Cell Migration and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030529. [PMID: 28257035 PMCID: PMC5372545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon antiviral pathways and prostate cancer genetics converge on a regulated endoribonuclease, RNase L. Positional cloning and linkage studies mapped Hereditary Prostate Cancer 1 (HPC1) to RNASEL. To date, there is no correlation of viral infections with prostate cancer, suggesting that RNase L may play additional roles in tumor suppression. Here, we demonstrate a role of RNase L as a suppressor of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Using RNase L mutants, we show that its nucleolytic activity is dispensable for both AR signaling and migration. The most prevalent HPC1-associated mutations in RNase L, R462Q and E265X, enhance AR signaling and cell migration. RNase L negatively regulates cell migration and attachment on various extracellular matrices. We demonstrate that RNase L knockdown cells promote increased cell surface expression of integrin β1 which activates Focal Adhesion Kinase-Sarcoma (FAK-Src) pathway and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1-guanosine triphosphatase (Rac1-GTPase) activity to increase cell migration. Activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 is significantly increased in cells where RNase L levels are ablated. We show that mutations in RNase L found in HPC patients may promote prostate cancer by increasing expression of AR-responsive genes and cell motility and identify novel roles of RNase L as a prostate cancer susceptibility gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Dayal
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Praveen Manivannan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Mohammad Adnan Siddiqui
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Omaima Farid Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Sahezeel Awadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Rafael Garcia-Mata
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Lirim Shemshedini
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
| | - Krishnamurthy Malathi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2801 W. Bancroft St., University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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Obinata D, Takayama K, Takahashi S, Inoue S. Crosstalk of the Androgen Receptor with Transcriptional Collaborators: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E22. [PMID: 28264478 PMCID: PMC5366817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among males in Western countries. It is also the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in Japan. The progression of prostate cancer is mainly influenced by androgens and the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy is an established therapy for advanced prostate cancer; however, prostate cancers frequently develop resistance to low testosterone levels and progress to the fatal stage called castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surprisingly, AR and the AR signaling pathway are still activated in most CRPC cases. To overcome this problem, abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide were introduced for the treatment of CRPC. Despite the impact of these drugs on prolonged survival, CRPC acquires further resistance to keep the AR pathway activated. Functional molecular studies have shown that some of the AR collaborative transcription factors (TFs), including octamer transcription factor (OCT1), GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) and forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), still stimulate AR activity in the castration-resistant state. Therefore, elucidating the crosstalk between the AR and collaborative TFs on the AR pathway is critical for developing new strategies for the treatment of CRPC. Recently, many compounds targeting this pathway have been developed for treating CRPC. In this review, we summarize the AR signaling pathway in terms of AR collaborators and focus on pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide as a candidate compound for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Obinata
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Takayama
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-1241, Japan.
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Park SG, Kim SH, Kim KY, Yu SN, Choi HD, Kim YW, Nam HW, Seo YK, Ahn SC. Toyocamycin induces apoptosis via the crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and p38/ERK MAPKs signaling pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:90-96. [PMID: 27912102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toyocamycin, an antibiotic agent isolated from Streptomyces species, has been shown to have anticancer and chemopreventive effects on various cancer cells. Until now, Toyocamycin-induced apoptosis has not been reported to be involved in the regulation between mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. METHODS Cell viability assay, western blot, cell-cycle arrest, annexin V/propidium iodide assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ flux were assayed. RESULTS We investigated the apoptotic effect of Toyocamycin and the underlying molecular mechanism in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Toyocamycin treatment resulted in reduced cell viability of PC-3 cells, but not of non-malignant RWPE-1 cells. Toyocamycin enhanced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ROS production in PC-3 cells. In addition, MAPK proteins were activated upon Toyocamycin treatment. The p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activities were regulated by ROS-mediated signaling pathway underlying the Toyocamycin-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) recovered the Toyocamycin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS, and apoptosis. Additionally, p38 stimulated ROS production and inhibitory effects on ERK activation, while ERK inhibited the ROS production and had no effect on p38 activation. CONCLUSION ROS-mediated activation of p38/ERK partially contributes to Toyocamycin-induced apoptosis, and p38/ERK MAPKs regulate the ROS production in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sul-Gi Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Kim
- Department of Herbal Formula, Medical Research Center (MRC-GHF), College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Deok Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wook Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Nam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yagnsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Zhang Y, Mantravadi PK, Jobbagy S, Bao W, Koh JT. Antagonizing the Androgen Receptor with a Biomimetic Acyltransferase. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2797-2802. [PMID: 27548116 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Androgen Receptor (AR) remains the leading target of advanced prostate cancer therapies. Thiosalicylamide analogs have previously been shown to act in cells as acyltransfer catalysts that are capable of transferring cellular acetate, presumably from acetyl-CoA, to HIV NCp7. Here we explore if the cellular acetyl-transfer activity of thiosalicylamides can be redirected to other cellular targets guided by ligands for AR. We constructed conjugates of thiosalicylamides and the AR-binding small molecule tolfenamic acid, which binds the BF-3 site of AR, proximal to the coactivator "FXXLF" binding surface. The thiosalicylamide-tolfenamic acid conjugate, YZ03, but not the separate thiosalicylamide plus tolfenamic acid, significantly enhanced acetylation of endogenous AR in CWR22Rv1 cells. Further analysis confirms that Lys720, a residue critical to FXXLF coactivator peptide binding, is a site of acyl-YZ03 acetylation. Under acyl-transfer conditions, YZ03 significantly enhances the ability of BF-3 site binding ligands to inhibit AR-coactivator peptide association. These data suggest that biomimetic acyltransferases can enhance protein-protein interaction inhibitors through covalent modification of critical interfacial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Pavan K. Mantravadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Soma Jobbagy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - John T. Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemsitry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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