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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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2
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Singla K, M P SK, Bhattacharjya A, Saxena R, Choudhary N, Goyal B. Bilirubin in wound healing: A double-edged sword. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:953-958. [PMID: 37653690 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of bilirubin levels on wound healing remains a topic of controversy. The present study is a literature review that examines the impact of increased levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream on the process of wound healing. The physiological pathways and their interrelationships, as well as the relevant research publications, were comprehensively addressed in our discussion. The present study undertook a comprehensive review of the extant literature pertaining to the impact of bilirubin concentration on the process of wound healing, with particular emphasis on its association with reactive oxygen species. This scholarly article provides an overview of several studies that elucidate the mechanisms and correlation between bilirubin and the process of wound healing. The impact of bilirubin on wound healing has been observed, and it appears to function as a modulator. This review demonstrates that there exists a spectrum of bilirubin concentrations that can function as precise regulators, although this range falls under pathological hyperbilirubinemia. Further research is required to determine the precise boundary of this range. Within a certain range, bilirubin serves as a positive regulator in the process of wound healing. Beyond this range, it has the potential to function as a negative regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Singla
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sarath Krishnan M P
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Rahul Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Choudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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3
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Cimmino TP, Pagano E, Stornaiuolo M, Esposito G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Formyl-peptide receptor 2 signalling triggers aerobic metabolism of glucose through Nox2-dependent modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Open Biol 2023; 13:230336. [PMID: 37875162 PMCID: PMC10597678 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is activated by an array of ligands. By phospho-proteomic analysis we proved that FPR2 stimulation induces redox-regulated phosphorylation of many proteins involved in cellular metabolic processes. In this study, we investigated metabolic pathways activated in FPR2-stimulated CaLu-6 cells. The results showed an increased concentration of metabolites involved in glucose metabolism, and an enhanced uptake of glucose mediated by GLUT4, the insulin-regulated member of GLUT family. Accordingly, we observed that FPR2 transactivated IGF-IRβ/IRβ through a molecular mechanism that requires Nox2 activity. Since cancer cells support their metabolism via glycolysis, we analysed glucose oxidation and proved that FPR2 signalling promoted kinase activity of the bifunctional enzyme PFKFB2 through FGFR1/FRS2- and Akt-dependent phosphorylation. Furthermore, FPR2 stimulation induced IGF-IRβ/IRβ-, PI3K/Akt- and Nox-dependent inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, thus preventing the entry of pyruvate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Consequently, we observed an enhanced FGFR-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lactate production in FPR2-stimulated cells. As LDH expression is transcriptionally regulated by c-Myc and HIF-1, we demonstrated that FPR2 signalling promoted c-Myc phosphorylation and Nox-dependent HIF-1α stabilization. These results strongly indicate that FPR2-dependent signalling can be explored as a new therapeutic target in treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pecchillo Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Dou B, Wu X, Xia Z, Wu G, Guo Q, Lyu M, Wang S. Multiple Bioactivities of Peptides from Hydrolyzed Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062589. [PMID: 36985560 PMCID: PMC10053552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (loach) is a widely distributed benthic fish in Asia. In this study, the alkaline protease was used to hydrolyze loach, and the hydrolysate products of different molecular weights were obtained by membrane separation. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the <3 kDa fraction (SLH-1) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity (DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging ability, and reducing power), while SLH-1 was purified by gel filtration chromatography, and peptide sequences were identified by LC-MS/MS. A total of six peptides with antioxidant activity were identified, namely SERDPSNIKWGDAGAQ (D-1), TVDGPSGKLWR (D-2), NDHFVKL (D-3), AFRVPTP (D-4), DAGAGIAL (D-5), and VSVVDLTVR (D-6). In vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition assay and pancreatic cholesterol esterase (CE) inhibition assay, peptide D-4 (IC50 95.07 μg/mL, 0.12 mM) and D-2 inhibited ACE, and peptide D-2 (IC50 3.19 mg/mL, 2.62 mM), D-3, and D-6 acted as pancreatic CE inhibitors. The inhibitory mechanisms of these peptides were investigated by molecular docking. The results showed that the peptides acted by binding to the key amino acids of the catalytic domain of enzymes. These results could provide the basis for the nutritional value and promote the type of healthy products from hydrolyzed loach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Dou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zihan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Quanyou Guo
- East China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Mingsheng Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Shujun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (S.W.)
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Broz M, Furlan V, Lešnik S, Jukič M, Bren U. The Effect of the Ala16Val Mutation on the Secondary Structure of the Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122348. [PMID: 36552556 PMCID: PMC9774195 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) represents a mitochondrial protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative stress. A known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4880 on the SOD2 gene, causing a mutation from alanine to valine (Ala16Val) in the primary structure of immature MnSOD, has been associated with several types of cancer and other autoimmune diseases. However, no conclusive correlation has been established yet. This study aims to determine the effect of the alanine to valine mutation on the secondary structure of the MnSOD mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS). A model for each variant of the MTS was prepared and extensively simulated with molecular dynamics simulations using the CHARMM36m force field. The results indicate that the alanine variant of the MTS preserves a uniform α-helical secondary structure favorable for the protein transport into mitochondria, whereas the valine variant quickly breaks down its α-helix. Thus, the alanine MTS represents the more active MnSOD variant, the benefits of which have yet to be determined experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Broz
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Furlan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Samo Lešnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Environmental Protection and Sensors, Beloruska ulica 7, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška ulica 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Ghosh N, Das A, Biswas N, Mahajan SP, Madeshiya AK, Khanna S, Sen CK, Roy S. MYO-Inositol In Fermented Sugar Matrix Improves Human Macrophage Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100852. [PMID: 35073444 PMCID: PMC9420542 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Reactive oxygen species production by innate immune cells plays a central role in host defense against invading pathogens at wound-site. A weakened hos-defense results in persistent infection leading to wound chronicity. Fermented Papaya Preparation (FPP), a complex sugar matrix, bolstered respiratory burst activity and improved wound healing outcomes in chronic wound patients. The objective of the current study was to identify underlying molecular factor/s responsible for augmenting macrophage host defense mechanisms following FPP supplementation. METHODS AND RESULTS In depth LC-MS/MS analysis of cells supplemented with FPP led to identification of myo-inositol as a key determinant of FPP activity towards improving macrophage function. Myo-inositol, in quantities that is present in FPP, significantly improved macrophage respiratory burst and phagocytosis via de novo synthesis pathway of ISYNA1. Additionally, myo-inositol transporters, HMIT and SMIT1, played a significant role in such activity. Blocking these pathways using siRNA attenuated FPP-induced improved macrophage host defense activities. FPP supplementation emerges as a novel approach to increase intracellular myo-inositol levels. Such supplementation also modified wound microenvironment in chronic wound patients to augment myo-inositol levels in wound fluid. CONCLUSION These observations indicate that myo-inositol in FPP influences multiple aspects of macrophage function critical for host defense against invading pathogens. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sanskruti P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Amit K Madeshiya
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, IU Health Comprehensive Wound Center, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
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Xin J, Deng C, Aras O, Zhou M, Wu C, An F. Chemodynamic nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:192. [PMID: 34183023 PMCID: PMC8240398 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of utmost urgency to achieve effective and safe anticancer treatment with the increasing mortality rate of cancer. Novel anticancer drugs and strategies need to be designed for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Fenton- and Fenton-like reaction-based chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are new strategies to enhance anticancer efficacy due to their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen (O2). On the one hand, the generated ROS can damage the cancer cells directly. On the other hand, the generated O2 can relieve the hypoxic condition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which hinders efficient photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, etc. Therefore, CDT can be used together with many other therapeutic strategies for synergistically enhanced combination therapy. The antitumor applications of Fenton- and Fenton-like reaction-based nanomaterials will be discussed in this review, including: (iþ) producing abundant ROS in-situ to kill cancer cells directly, (ii) enhancing therapeutic efficiency indirectly by Fenton reaction-mediated combination therapy, (iii) diagnosis and monitoring of cancer therapy. These strategies exhibit the potential of CDT-based nanomaterials for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xin
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Deng
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunsheng Wu
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feifei An
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Science, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Ammendola R, Parisi M, Esposito G, Cattaneo F. Pro-Resolving FPR2 Agonists Regulate NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Phosphorylation of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS and Activation of the Respective Upstream Kinases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010134. [PMID: 33477989 PMCID: PMC7835750 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, being activated either by pro-resolving or proinflammatory ligands. FPR2-associated signal transduction pathways result in phosphorylation of several proteins and in NADPH oxidase activation. We, herein, investigated molecular mechanisms underlying phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1), and myristolated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) elicited by the pro-resolving FPR2 agonists WKYMVm and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Methods: CaLu-6 cells or p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 double nickase CaLu-6 cells were incubated for 5 min with WKYMVm or ANXA1, in the presence or absence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Phosphorylation at specific serine residues of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS, as well as the respective upstream kinases activated by FPR2 stimulation was analysed. Results: Blockade of NADPH oxidase functions prevents WKYMVm- and ANXA1-induced HSP-27(Ser82), OSR1(Ser339) and MARCKS(Ser170) phosphorylation. Moreover, NADPH oxidase inhibitors prevent WKYMVm- and ANXA1-dependent activation of p38MAPK, PI3K and PKCδ, the kinases upstream to HSP-27, OSR1 and MARCKS, respectively. The same results were obtained in p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 cells. Conclusions: FPR2 shows an immunomodulatory role by regulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities and NADPH oxidase is a key regulator of inflammatory pathways. The activation of NADPH oxidase-dependent pro-resolving downstream signals suggests that FPR2 signalling and NADPH oxidase could represent novel targets for inflammation therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-2036; Fax: +39-081-746-4359
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Ngo ATP, Parra-Izquierdo I, Aslan JE, McCarty OJT. Rho GTPase regulation of reactive oxygen species generation and signalling in platelet function and disease. Small GTPases 2021; 12:440-457. [PMID: 33459160 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2021.1878001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are master regulators and effectors of haemostasis with increasingly recognized functions as mediators of inflammation and immune responses. The Rho family of GTPase members Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are known to be major components of the intracellular signalling network critical to platelet shape change and morphological dynamics, thus playing a major role in platelet spreading, secretion and thrombus formation. Initially linked to the regulation of actomyosin contraction and lamellipodia formation, recent reports have uncovered non-canonical functions of platelet RhoGTPases in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where intrinsically generated ROS modulate platelet function and contribute to thrombus formation. Platelet RhoGTPases orchestrate oxidative processes and cytoskeletal rearrangement in an interconnected manner to regulate intracellular signalling networks underlying platelet activity and thrombus formation. Herein we review our current knowledge of the regulation of platelet ROS generation by RhoGTPases and their relationship with platelet cytoskeletal reorganization, activation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T P Ngo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ivan Parra-Izquierdo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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10
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Flohé L. Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1254. [PMID: 33317108 PMCID: PMC7763103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginnings of redox biology are recalled with special emphasis on formation, metabolism and function of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in mammalian systems. The review covers the early history of heme peroxidases and the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide, the discovery of selenium as integral part of glutathione peroxidases, which expanded the scope of the field to other hydroperoxides including lipid hydroperoxides, the discovery of superoxide dismutases and superoxide radicals in biological systems and their role in host defense, tissue damage, metabolic regulation and signaling, the identification of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor as the nitrogen monoxide radical (more commonly named nitric oxide) and its physiological and pathological implications. The article highlights the perception of hydrogen peroxide and other hydroperoxides as signaling molecules, which marks the beginning of the flourishing fields of redox regulation and redox signaling. Final comments describe the development of the redox language. In the 18th and 19th century, it was highly individualized and hard to translate into modern terminology. In the 20th century, the redox language co-developed with the chemical terminology and became clearer. More recently, the introduction and inflationary use of poorly defined terms has unfortunately impaired the understanding of redox events in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Flohé
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, v.le G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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11
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Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Zhao QL, Misawa M, Ishikawa K, Hori M, Shimizu T, Saitoh JI, Noguchi K, Kondo T. Small size gold nanoparticles enhance apoptosis-induced by cold atmospheric plasma via depletion of intracellular GSH and modification of oxidative stress. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:83. [PMID: 32963811 PMCID: PMC7483448 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have attracted attention as a promising sensitizer owing to their high atomic number (Z), and because they are considered fully multifunctional, they are preferred over other metal nanoparticles. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has also recently gained attention, especially for cancer treatment, by inducing apoptosis through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the activity of different sized Au-NPs with helium-based CAP (He-CAP) was analyzed, and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Treating cells with only small Au-NPs (2 nm) significantly enhanced He-CAP-induced apoptosis. In comparison, 40 nm and 100 nm Au-NPs failed to enhance cell death. Mechanistically, the synergistic enhancement was due to 2 nm Au-NPs-induced decrease in intracellular glutathione, which led to the generation of intracellular ROS. He-CAP markedly induced ROS generation in an aqueous medium; however, treatment with He-CAP alone did not induce intracellular ROS formation. In contrast, the combined treatment significantly enhanced the intracellular formation of superoxide (O2• -) and hydroxyl radical (•OH). These findings indicate the potential therapeutic use of Au-NPs in combination with CAP and further clarify the role of Au-NPs in He-CAP-aided therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Jawaid
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mati Ur Rehman
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaki Misawa
- Theranostic Devices Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Saitoh
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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12
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Crocin ameliorates arsenic trioxide‑induced cardiotoxicity via Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 pathway: Reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110713. [PMID: 32920515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an excellent therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, its use is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Crocin (CRO) possesses abundant pharmacological and biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of crocin and explored their mechanistic involvement in ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. Forty-eight male rats were treated with ATO to induce cardiotoxicity. In combination with ATO, CRO were given to evaluate its cardioprotection. The results demonstrated that CRO administration not only diminished QTc prolongation, myocardial enzymes and Troponin T levels but also improved histopathological results. CRO administration reduced reactive oxygen species generation. However, the CRO administration caused an increase in glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and total sulphydryl levels and a decrease in malondialdehyde content, gamma glutamyl transferase and lipid hydroperoxides levels and proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, immunohistochemical analysis, real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in Caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein expressions and enhancement of B cell lymphoma-2 expression. Real time PCR and western blotting showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, CRO caused an activation in nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, leading to enhanced Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, heme oxygenase-1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide quinone dehydrogenase 1 expressions involved in Nrf2 signaling during ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. CRO was shown to ameliorate ATO-induced cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms for CRO amelioration of cardiotoxicity due to inflammation, oxidative damage, and apoptosis may occur via an up-regulated Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 and GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation of phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration and apoptotic cell shedding in the intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in the gut but promotes growth of established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely via disinhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis. It is also considered a tumor suppressor. GPx4 is expressed in three different forms. The cytosolic form proved to inhibit interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation and leukotriene biosynthesis. Moreover, it is a key regulator of ferroptosis, because it reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids and silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, the nuclear form contributes to chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial GPx4 forms the mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out of the less characterized GPxs, the cysteine-containing GPx7 and GPx8 are unique in contributing to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum by reacting with protein isomerase as an alternate substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped with CP and CR was reported to sense H2O2 for inducing an adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most of the findings compiled are derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology is sometimes questionable. Future Directions: The expression of individual GPxs and GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena are to be further investigated, in particular in respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition-Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Depatamento de Biochímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Dipartimento di Medicina Moleculare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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The molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:947-968. [PMID: 32691301 PMCID: PMC7429613 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiological signal transduction networks that respond to the dual challenges of inflammatory and oxidative stress are major factors that promote the development of cardiovascular pathologies. These signaling networks contribute to the development of age-related diseases, suggesting crosstalk between the development of aging and cardiovascular disease. Inhibition and/or attenuation of these signaling networks also delays the onset of disease. Therefore, a concept of targeting the signaling networks that are involved in inflammation and oxidative stress may represent a novel treatment paradigm for many types of heart disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress especially in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and emphasize the nature of the crosstalk of these signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic implications for cardiovascular medicine.
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15
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Warraich UEA, Hussain F, Kayani HUR. Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04107. [PMID: 32509998 PMCID: PMC7264715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms as both environmental conditions (75%) and genetics (25%) account for aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even a single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to the scientific community regarding mechanisms behind aging. However, oxidative stress theory (OST) is considered one of the famous theories that sees mitochondria as one of the leading organelles which largely contribute to the aging process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced endogenously and exogenously that are associated with aging. But the mitochondrial ROS contribute largely to the aging process as mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress is considered one of the contributors toward aging. Although ROS is known to damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction to regulate biological and physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important cell organelles such as peroxisome and endoplasmic reticulum also produce ROS that contribute to aging. However, nature has provided humans with free radical scavengers called antioxidants that protect from harmful effects of ROS. Future predictions regarding aging, biochemical mechanisms involved, biomarkers internal and external factors can be easily done with machine learning algorithms and other computational models. This review explains important aspects of aging, the contribution of ROS producing organelles in aging, importance of antioxidants fighting against ROS, different computational models developed to understand the complexities of the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umm-e-Ammara Warraich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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The Oxidative Stress Markers in the Erythrocytes and Heart Muscle of Obese Rats: Relate to a High-Fat Diet but Not to DJOS Bariatric Surgery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020183. [PMID: 32098399 PMCID: PMC7070542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and high-fat diet (HF) are prevalent causes of oxidative stress (OS). Duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) is a bariatric procedure used for body mass reduction, extensively tested in animal models. We studied the long-term impact of bariatric surgery and an HF diet on the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscles of rats. We analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in DJOS or SHAM (control) operated rats fed with different dietary protocols (control diet (CD) and high-fat diet (HF)), before and after the surgery (CD/CD, HF/HF, CD/HF, and HF/CD). We observed higher erythrocytes CAT, GST and GPx activity in DJOS-operated (vs. SHAM) rats fed with an HF/HF diet. For DJOS-operated rats, erythrocytes CAT and GPx activity and MDA concentration were significantly lower in CD/CD group. We observed increased heart muscle GR activity in SHAM-operated rats (vs. DJOS bariatric surgery) fed with an HF/HF diet. Change from HF to CD diet increased heart muscle GPx activity after DJOS bariatric surgery. Heart muscle SOD activity was lower in HF/HF and CD/CD groups after DJOS bariatric surgery (vs. SHAM). DJOS surgery significantly reduced heart muscle MDA concentration in HF/HF and HF/CD groups (vs. SHAM). We conclude that the selected dietary patterns had a stronger impact on oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes and heart muscle than DJOS bariatric surgery.
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17
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Catalase as a Molecular Target for Male Infertility Diagnosis and Monitoring: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010078. [PMID: 31963256 PMCID: PMC7022443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) stands out as one of the most efficient natural enzymes when catalysing the split of H2O2 into H2O and O2; H2O2 is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress, a process closely related to aging and several health disorders or diseases like male infertility. Some studies have correlated H2O2 with male infertility and catalase with fertility restoration. However, the number of studies conducted with human beings remains scarce. Considering the use of CAT as a molecular target for biochemical analysis, this review summarises the current knowledge on how CAT influences human beings’ male fertility. Thus, three different databases were consulted—Scopus, PubMed and WOS—using single keywords and combinations thereof. A total of 40,823 articles were identified. Adopting inclusion and exclusion criteria, a final database of 197 articles served to conduct this work. It follows from this analysis that CAT could play an important role in male fertility and could become a good target for male infertility diagnosis and monitoring. However, that potential role of CAT as a tool in diagnosis must be confirmed by clinical trials. Finally, guidelines are suggested to reinforce the use of CAT in daily clinical tests for male fertility diagnosis and monitoring.
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Lee JE, Thanh Thuy NT, Lee Y, Cho N, Yoo HM. An Antiproliferative ent-Kaurane Diterpene Isolated from the Roots of Mallotus japonicus Induced Apoptosis in Leukemic Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19897496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallotus japonicus has been evaluated for the treatment of dermatitis, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Diterpenes, one of the major constituents of M. japonicus, possess various pharmacological effects. In this study, 2 known diterpenes, anomaluone (6) and 16-epiabbeokutone (7), along with other known compounds, 2-hydroxy ferulic acid (1), bergenin (2), gallocatechin (3), catechin (4), erythro,erythro-1-[4-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethoxy]-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-1,2,3- propanetriol (5), and gallincin (8), were isolated from M. japonicus. Cytotoxicity assays in blood cancer cell models demonstrated that M. japonicus compounds possess potent antiproliferative activity. In addition, treatment with compound 6 increased the number of apoptotic cells, led to cell-cycle arrest at the subG0/G1 phase, and decreased the number of cells in the S and G2/M phases. Compound 6 also displayed potent mitochondrial depolarization effects in Jurkat cells. These findings revealed that the cytotoxic effects of 6 were mediated by intracellular signaling, possibly through a mechanism involving upregulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Thus, compound 6 could be a potential multi-target therapeutic agent for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Youngju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
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Lu H, Shu Q, Lou H, Chen Q. Mitochondria-Mediated Programmed Cell Death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Betulinic Acid Is Accelerated by the Deletion of PEP4 Gene. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110538. [PMID: 31703462 PMCID: PMC6920885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we showed that BetA could inhibit cell proliferation and lead to lethal cytotoxicity accompanying programmed cell death (PCD). Interestingly, it was found that vacuolar protease Pep4p played a pivotal role in BetA-induced S. cerevisiae PCD. The presence of Pep4p reduced the damage of BetA-induced cells. This work implied that BetA may induce cell death of S. cerevisiae through mitochondria-mediated PCD, and the deletion of Pep4 gene possibly accelerated the effect of PCD. The present investigation provided the preliminary research for the complicated mechanism of BetA-induced cell PCD regulated by vacular protease Pep4p and lay the foundation for understanding of the Pep4p protein in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8698-4316
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20
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Chang JF, Yeh JC, Ho CT, Liu SH, Hsieh CY, Wang TM, Chang SW, Lee IT, Huang KY, Wang JY, Lin WN. Targeting ROS and cPLA2/COX2 Expressions Ameliorated Renal Damage in Obese Mice with Endotoxemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184393. [PMID: 31500176 PMCID: PMC6769974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic endotoxemia, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic inflammation, and obese kidney fibrosis. Although the fat–intestine–kidney axis has been documented, the pathomechanism and therapeutic targets of obese kidney fibrosis remain unelucidated. To mimic obese humans with metabolic endotoxemia, high-fat-diet-fed mice (HF group) were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to yield the obese kidney fibrosis–metabolic endotoxemia mouse model (HL group). Therapeutic effects of ROS, cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were analyzed with a quantitative comparison of immunohistochemistry stains and morphometric approach in the tubulointerstitium of different groups. Compared with basal and HF groups, the HL group exhibited the most prominent obese kidney fibrosis, tubular epithelial lipid vacuoles, and lymphocyte infiltration in the tubulointerstitium. Furthermore, inhibitors of nonspecific ROS, cPLA2 and COX-2 ameliorated the above renal damages. Notably, the ROS-inhibitor-treated group ameliorated not only oxidative injury but also the expression of cPLA2 and COX-2, indicating that ROS functions as the upstream signaling molecule in the inflammatory cascade of obese kidney fibrosis. ROS acts as a key messenger in the signaling transduction of obese kidney fibrosis, activating downstream cPLA2 and COX-2. The given antioxidant treatment ameliorates obese kidney fibrosis resulting from a combined high-fat diet and LPS—ROS could serve as a potential therapeutic target of obese kidney fibrosis with metabolic endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Chen Yeh
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Ta Ho
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hao Liu
- Division of Pathology, En-Chu-Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan.
- Renal Care Joint Foundation, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institution of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
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21
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Cheng Y, Chen T, Yang X, Xue J, Chen J. Atractylon induces apoptosis and suppresses metastasis in hepatic cancer cells and inhibits growth in vivo. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5883-5894. [PMID: 31388314 PMCID: PMC6607983 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic cancer is the most common primary liver malignancy, with high incidence and mortality worldwide. Atractylon is an active constituent isolated from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. and Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz., which proved to have multiple activities. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the antihepatic cancer (HCC) effect of atractylon in vitro and in vivo and investigated its underlying mechanism. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell apoptosis, migration and invaison and was identified by MTT, crystal violet staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell assay. The ∆Ψm of HepG2 and MHCC97H cells were detected by Rhodamine 123. The ROS level was determined by 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method. Protein expression was identified by Western blot analysis. The anti-HCC effect of atractylon in vivo was evaluated by a subcutaneous tumor model. Results: The results suggested that atractylon significantly inhibits the proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hepatic cancer cell lines, including HepG2, SMCC7721, and MHCC97H. Moreover, the results showed that atractylon reduces the mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), increases ROS level, inhibits the expression of Bcl-2, and promotes the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, indicating that atractylon induces HCC apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Our results also demonstrated that atractylon inhibits migration and invasion of hepatic cancer cells by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, atractylon inhibited the growth of hepatic cancer and showed an inhibition effect on EMT process in vivo. Conclusion: In all, this study suggested that atractylon showed a promising anti-HCC effect with inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and blocking invasion in vitro and inhibiting growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Xue
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjie Chen
- Department of Liver Disease, Hospital for Infectious Diseases of Pudong District, Shanghai 201299, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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22
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de Oliveira SG, Claudio ERG, de Almeida SA, Mengal V, da Silva FB, Silva NF, Mauad H, de Abreu GR. Exercise training improves vascular reactivity in ovariectomized rats subjected to myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215568. [PMID: 31017961 PMCID: PMC6481839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on the aortic vascular reactivity of ovariectomized and infarcted rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups: Control, Ovariectomized + SHAM sedentary (OVX+SHAMSED), OVX+SHAM and ET (OVX+SHAMET), OVX + Myocardial Infarction sedentary (OVX+MISED), and OVX + MI and ET (OVX+MIET). ET protocol (60 minutes/day, 5x/week) in a motorized treadmill began 15 days after MI and lasted 8 weeks. The endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular reactivity were evaluated as well as the role of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) production were analyzed in situ using DHE and DAF-2 fluorescence, respectively. The expression of gp91phox and of the antioxidant enzymes were evaluated by western blotting in the thoracic aorta samples. MI promoted a significant increase in the contractile response and impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation. However, ET prevented the impairment in the vascular reactivity in MI animals. In addition, the protein expression of gp91phox and superoxide production increased and the NO production decreased in the OVX+MISED group but not in the OVX+MIET group. Therefore, ET improves vascular reactivity in MI ovariectomized rats by preventing the increase in the expression of gp91phox and the decrease in the antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a normal ROS and NO production. Thus, ET can be an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the MI-induced vascular alterations in estrogen deficiency condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Guedes de Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Alves de Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Mengal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Bragança da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Nyam Florêncio Silva
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Helder Mauad
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Rodrigues de Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling molecule involved in the regulation of both physiological and pathological cellular processes. Genetically encoded HyPer probes are currently among the most effective approaches for monitoring H2O2 dynamics in various biological systems because they can be easily targeted to specific cells and organelles. Since its development in 2006, HyPer has proved to be a robust and powerful tool in redox biology research. Recent Advances: HyPer probes were used in a variety of models to study the role of H2O2 in various redox processes. HyPer has been increasingly used in the past few years for in vivo studies, which has already led to many important discoveries, for example, that H2O2 plays a key role in the regulation of signaling cascades involved in development and aging, inflammation, regeneration, photosynthetic signaling, and other biological processes. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we focus on the main achievements in the field of redox biology that have been obtained from in vivo experiments using HyPer probes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further in vivo studies of the role of H2O2 largely depend on the development of more suitable versions of HyPer for in vivo models: those having brighter fluorescence and a more stable signal in response to physiological changes in pH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 569-584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Bilan
- 1 Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow, Russia .,2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- 1 Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow, Russia .,2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University , Moscow, Russia .,3 Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
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Attalla DM, Ahmed LA, Zaki HF, Khattab MM. Paradoxical effects of atorvastatin in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Role of oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:542-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Modulates Endothelial Cell Functions by NADPH Oxidase-Dependent VEGFR2 Transactivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2609847. [PMID: 29743977 PMCID: PMC5884202 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2609847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the vasculature, NADPH oxidase is the main contributor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which play a key role in endothelial signalling and functions. We demonstrate that ECV304 cells express p47phox, p67phox, and p22phox subunits of NADPH oxidase, as well as formyl peptide receptors 1 and 3 (FPR1/3), which are members of the GPCR family. By RT-PCR, we also detected Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR in these cells. Stimulation of FPR1 by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation, which is the crucial event for NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Transphosphorylation of RTKs by GPCRs is a biological mechanism through which the information exchange is amplified throughout the cell. ROS act as signalling intermediates in the transactivation mechanism. We show that N-fMLP stimulation induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic Y951, Y996, and Y1175 residues of VEGFR2, which constitute the anchoring sites for signalling molecules. These, in turn, activate PI3K/Akt and PLC-γ1/PKC intracellular pathways. FPR1-induced ROS production plays a critical role in this cross-talk mechanism. In fact, inhibition of FPR1 and/or NADPH oxidase functions prevents VEGFR2 transactivation and the triggering of the downstream signalling cascades. N-fMLP stimulation also ameliorates cellular migration and capillary-like network formation ability of ECV304 cells.
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26
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Yang J, Qi J, Xiu B, Yang B, Niu C, Yang H. Reactive Oxygen Species Play a Biphasic Role in Brain Ischemia. J INVEST SURG 2018; 32:97-102. [PMID: 29420085 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2017.1376131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinchong Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Baoxin Xiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Caihong Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Weng X, Zhang X, Lu X, Wu J, Li S. Reduced mitochondrial response sensitivity is involved in the anti‑apoptotic effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment in cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2328-2338. [PMID: 29328437 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is a commonly used α2-adreno-ceptor agonist, which affects various organs, including providing beneficial effects on the heart. However, the mechanism underlying the cardiac benefit remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that dexmedetomidine pretreatment on primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes protected against reactive oxygen species (ROS)‑induced apoptosis. In terms of the potential mechanism, it was demonstrated that dexmedetomidine inhibited mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial respiratory complexes, but with increased coupling efficiency. However, dexmedetomidine upregulated mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and resisted against the loss of Δψm induced by carbonilcyanide p‑triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Due to the importance of mitochondria affecting ROS, the present study investigated the dexmedetomidine‑suppressed mitochondrial response to H2O2 stimulation, which was explained by suppressed ROS levels and the suppression of the increased oxygen consumption rate. Results demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a novel protective mechanism for dexmedetomidine on cardiomyocytes through the attenuated response of mitochondria towards H2O2, which had a protective effect against ROS‑induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Shitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Cuevas-Durán RE, Medrano-Rodríguez JC, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Soria-Castro E, Rubio-Ruíz ME, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Sánchez-Mendoza A, Torres-Narvaéz JC, Pastelín-Hernández G, Ibarra-Lara L. Extracts of Crataegus oxyacantha and Rosmarinus officinalis Attenuate Ischemic Myocardial Damage by Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Regulating the Production of Cardiac Vasoactive Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2412. [PMID: 29135932 PMCID: PMC5713380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have supported a role for oxidative stress in the development of ischemic damage and endothelial dysfunction. Crataegus oxyacantha (Co) and Rosmarinus officinalis (Ro) extracts are polyphenolic-rich compounds that have proven to be efficient in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We studied the effect of extracts from Co and Ro on the myocardial damage associated with the oxidative status and to the production of different vasoactive agents. Rats were assigned to the following groups: (a) sham; (b) vehicle-treated myocardial infarction (MI) (MI-V); (c) Ro extract-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Ro); (d) Co extract-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Co); or (e) Ro+Co-treated myocardial infarction (MI-Ro+Co). Ro and Co treatments increased total antioxidant capacity, the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-Cu2+/Zn2+, SOD-Mn2+, and catalase, with the subsequent decline of malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels. The extracts diminished vasoconstrictor peptide levels (angiotensin II and endothelin-1), increased vasodilators agents (angiotensin 1-7 and bradikinin) and improved nitric oxide metabolism. Polyphenol treatment restored the left intraventricular pressure and cardiac mechanical work. We conclude that Ro and Co treatment attenuate morphological and functional ischemic-related changes by both an oxidant load reduction and improvement of the balance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Enrique Cuevas-Durán
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Medrano-Rodríguez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico.
| | - María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Del Valle-Mondragón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Torres-Narvaéz
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Pastelín-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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Nicholas DA, Zhang K, Hung C, Glasgow S, Aruni AW, Unternaehrer J, Payne KJ, Langridge WHR, De Leon M. Palmitic acid is a toll-like receptor 4 ligand that induces human dendritic cell secretion of IL-1β. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176793. [PMID: 28463985 PMCID: PMC5413048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) and other saturated fatty acids are known to stimulate pro-inflammatory responses in human immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for fatty acid stimulation of TLR4 remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PA functions as a ligand for TLR4 on human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Hydrophobicity protein modeling indicated PA can associate with the hydrophobic binding pocket of TLR4 adaptor protein MD-2. Isothermal titration calorimetry quantified heat absorption that occurred during PA titration into TLR4/MD2, indicating that PA binds to TLR4/MD2. Treatment of human MoDCs with PA resulted in endocytosis of TLR4, further supporting the function of PA as a TLR4 agonist. In addition, PA stimulated DC maturation and activation based on the upregulation of DC costimulatory factors CD86 and CD83. Further experiments showed that PA induced TLR4 dependent secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Lastly, our experimental data show that PA stimulation of NF-κB canonical pathway activation is regulated by TLR4 signaling and that reactive oxygen species may be important in upregulating this pro-inflammatory response. Our experiments demonstrate for the first time that PA activation of TLR4 occurs in response to direct molecular interactions between PA and MD-2. In summary, our findings suggest a likely molecular mechanism for PA induction of pro-inflammatory immune responses in human dendritic cells expressing TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequina A. Nicholas
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Hung
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Shane Glasgow
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Aruni Wilson Aruni
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Juli Unternaehrer
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J. Payne
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - William H. R. Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Marino De Leon
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Physiology, Loma Linda University School Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
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McKay TB, Karamichos D. Quercetin and the ocular surface: What we know and where we are going. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:565-572. [PMID: 28056553 PMCID: PMC5685256 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites that serve functional roles in protecting against UV-induced oxidative stress, mediating auxin signaling, and promoting microbial defense. Flavonoids are extremely abundant in nature where their potent antioxidant capacity and very low toxicity makes them highly attractive as potential therapeutic agents. In terms of clinical applications, neither the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nor the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has approved any health claims or drugs related to the use of flavonoids for therapeutic purposes. Quercetin is a common flavonol that has been shown to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities both in vitro and in vivo in various tissues. Recently, the application of quercetin as a therapeutic has been gaining attention in the ocular surface scientific community in the study of dry eye, keratoconus, inflammation, and neovascularization of the cornea. This review will discuss the latest findings and the use of quercetin for the treatment of dystrophies of the ocular surface. Impact statement The eye represents a small portion of the human body, accounting for one decimal fraction of the anterior body surface. The cornea is an avascular, transparent tissue that acts as a primary barrier against mechanical and infectious damaging agents, protecting the internal structures of the eye. Corneal survival and function are affected by a number of factors including but not limited to injury, trauma, infection, genetics, and environment. Corneal injury, or trauma, often leads to loss of corneal transparency and even blindness. The concept of "curing" corneal opacity has been discussed in published form for over 200 years. Currently, full corneal transplant is the only treatment option. There is a strong interest in developing natural therapeutic products that come with minimum side effects. A novel antioxidant flavonoid, quercetin, has been gaining traction as a potential therapeutic to prevent the injured cornea. This review discusses the potential of this antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B McKay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104,USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104,USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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31
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Chen X, Gao Z, Song M, Ouyang W, Wu X, Chen Y, Zhou L, William D, Cai X, Cao Y, Zhou S, Tang Z, Xiao H. Identification of terpenoids from Rubus corchorifolius L. f. leaves and their anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:1052-1060. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two novel and four known terpenoids were isolated and identified fromRubus corchorifoliusL. f. leaves. Two exhibited strong inhibitory effects on HCT116 human colon cancer cells, causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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32
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TIWARI MANISHK, MISHRA PC. Anti-oxidant activity of 6-gingerol as a hydroxyl radical scavenger by hydrogen atom transfer, radical addition and electron transfer mechanisms. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Selvaratnam JS, Robaire B. Effects of Aging and Oxidative Stress on Spermatozoa of Superoxide-Dismutase 1- and Catalase-Null Mice. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:60. [PMID: 27465136 PMCID: PMC5333935 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced paternal age is linked to complications in pregnancy and genetic diseases in offspring. Aging results in excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in spermatozoa; this damage can be transmitted to progeny with detrimental consequences. Although there is a loss of antioxidants with aging, the impact on aging male germ cells of the complete absence of either catalase (CAT) or superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) has not been investigated. We used CAT-null (Cat(-/-)) and SOD1-null (Sod(-/-)) mice to determine whether loss of these antioxidants increases germ cell susceptibility to redox dysfunction with aging. Aging reduced fertility and the numbers of Sertoli and germ cells in all mice. Aged Sod(-/-) mice displayed an increased loss of fertility compared to aged wild-type mice. Treatment with the pro-oxidant SIN-10 increased ROS in spermatocytes of aged wild-type and Sod(-/-) mice, while aged Cat(-/-) mice were able to neutralize this ROS. The antioxidant peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) increased with age in wild-type and Cat(-/-) mice but was consistently low in young and aged Sod(-/-) mice. DNA damage and repair markers (γ-H2AX and 53BP1) were reduced with aging and lower in young Sod(-/-) and Cat(-/-) mice. Colocalization of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 suggested active repair in young wild-type mice but reduced in young Cat(-/-) and in Sod(-/-) mice and with age. Oxidative DNA damage (8-oxodG) increased in young Sod(-/-) mice and with age in all mice. These studies show that aged Sod(-/-) mice display severe redox dysfunction, while wild-type and Cat(-/-) mice have compensatory mechanisms to partially alleviate oxidative stress and reduce age-related DNA damage in spermatozoa. Thus, SOD1 but not CAT is critical to the maintenance of germ cell quality with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Selvaratnam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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34
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Jawaid P, Rehman MU, Zhao QL, Takeda K, Ishikawa K, Hori M, Shimizu T, Kondo T. Helium-based cold atmospheric plasma-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptotic pathway attenuated by platinum nanoparticles. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1737-48. [PMID: 27256594 PMCID: PMC4988276 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma is generated by ionizing gas molecules. Helium (He)‐based cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was generated using a high‐voltage power supply with low‐frequency excitation (60 Hz at 7 kV) and He flow at 2 l/min. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt‐NPs) are potent antioxidants due to their unique ability to scavenge superoxides and peroxides. These features make them useful for the protection against oxidative stress‐associated pathologies. Here, the effects of Pt‐NPs on He‐CAP‐induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanism were examined in human lymphoma U937 cells. Apoptosis was measured after cells were exposed to He‐CAP in the presence or absence of Pt‐NPs. The effects of combined treatment were determined by observing the changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and both mitochondrial and Fas dependent pathway. The results indicate that Pt‐NPs substantially scavenge He‐CAP‐induced superoxides and peroxides and inhibit all the pathways involved in apoptosis execution. This might be because of the SOD/catalase mimetic effects of Pt‐NPs. These results showed that the Pt‐NPs can induce He‐CAP desensitization in human lymphoma U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Jawaid
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mati Ur Rehman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Qing Li Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Keigo Takeda
- Plasma nanotechnology Research Centre, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikawa
- Plasma nanotechnology Research Centre, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Plasma nanotechnology Research Centre, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is not only a key mediator of oxidative stress but also one of the most important cellular second messengers. This small short-lived molecule is involved in the regulation of a wide range of different biological processes, including regulation of cellular signaling pathways. Studying the role of H2O2 in living systems would be challenging without modern approaches. A genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, HyPer, is one of the most effective tools for this purpose. RECENT ADVANCES HyPer has been used by many investigators of redox signaling in various models of different scales: from cytoplasmic subcompartments and single cells to tissues of whole organisms. In many studies, the results obtained using HyPer have enabled a better understanding of the roles of H2O2 in these biological processes. However, much remains to be learned. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we focus on the uses of HyPer. We provide a general description of HyPer and its improved versions. Separate chapters are devoted to the results obtained by various groups who have used this biosensor for their experiments in living cells and organisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS HyPer is an effective tool for H2O2 imaging in living systems as indicated by the increasing numbers of publications each year since its development. However, this biosensor requires further improvements. In particular, much brighter and more pH-stable versions of HyPer are necessary for imaging in mammalian tissues. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 731-751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Moscow, Russia
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36
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Wang M, Wang L, Yi Q, Gai Y, Song L. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytoplasmic manganese superoxide dismutase and a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:407-417. [PMID: 26394265 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) functions as the first and essential enzyme in the antioxidant system and is ubiquitously existed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In the present study, both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial manganese SOD were identified from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (designed as EscytMnSOD and EsmtMnSOD). The complete nucleotide sequence of EscytMnSOD comprised 1349 bp and consisted of a 5' untranslated regions (UTR) of 43 bp, a 3' UTR of 445 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 861 bp encoding a polypeptide of 286 amino acid residues. The full-length cDNA sequence of EsmtMnSOD comprised 990 bp, containing a 5' UTR of 55 bp, a 3' UTR of 278 bp and an ORF of 657 bp encoding a polypeptide of 218 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequences of EscytMnSOD and EsmtMnSOD contained highly conserved MnSOD signature and typical functional domain, and exhibited high similarity with their reported homologues. In the phylogenetic tree, EscytMnSOD and EsmtMnSOD were clustered with their homologues from the land crab Cardisoma armatum. The EscytMnSOD and EsmtMnSOD transcripts were constitutively expressed in haemocytes, muscle, heart, gill, haepatopancreas and gonad, with the highest expression level in gills and haepatopancreas, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of them were all up-regulated in haemocytes with similar profiles after the stimulation of Vibrio anguillarum, Micrococcus luteus and Pichia pastoris. The EsmtMnSOD with low basal expression level responded to invading microbes intensely, while the EscytMnSOD with high basal expression level exhibited mild responses against stimulating microbes. The purified rEscytMnSOD and rEsmtMnSOD proteins exhibited specific Mn(2+)-dependent enzymatic activities, while rEscytMnSOD with lower basic activity displayed higher stability than rEsmtMnSOD. All these results indicated that EscytMnSOD and EsmtMnSOD were efficiently antioxidant enzymes and potentially involved in the innate immune responses of E. sinensis with different roles, the former might play a routine role in the innate immune system in crabs, while the later might be involved in the immune response against invading microbes specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yunchao Gai
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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37
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Nasr Bouzaiene N, Kilani Jaziri S, Kovacic H, Chekir-Ghedira L, Ghedira K, Luis J. The effects of caffeic, coumaric and ferulic acids on proliferation, superoxide production, adhesion and migration of human tumor cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 766:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Shi N, Chen SY. Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation: Model Systems, Regulatory Mechanisms, and Vascular Diseases. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:777-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia
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Effect of Nigella sativa supplementation to exercise training in a novel model of physiological cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 14:243-50. [PMID: 24497112 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training is employed as supplementary therapy to patients with heart failure due to its multiple beneficial cardiac effects including physiological remodeling of the heart. However, precautions might be taken for the concomitant high oxidant release. Nigella sativa (NS) has been found to induce cardiac hypertrophy and enhance cardiac function. Combination of NS supplementation and exercise training might induce a safer model of cardiac hypertrophy. Our aim was to study biomarkers associated with cardiac hypertrophy induced by NS supplementation of exercise-trained rats. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats (body weight 150-220 g) were divided equally into three groups: control, exercise-trained (ET) and NS-treated-exercise-trained (NSET) groups. Daily 800 mg/kg NS was administered orally to NSET group for 8 weeks. Rats of the ET and NSET groups were subjected to treadmill running sessions for 2 h/day for 8 weeks. By the end of the experiment, the following were recorded: body, heart and left ventricular weights (BW, HW, LVW), cardiomyocyte diameter, serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I), thyroid hormones, catecholamines, total nitrate, ICAM and antioxidant capacity. A homogenous cardiac hypertrophy was evidenced by increased HW/BW, LVW/BW ratios and cardiomyocyte diameter in the two groups of exercise-trained compared with control rats. Rats of ET group had higher growth hormone. Those of NSET group developed higher IGF-I and total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower serum thyroxin level. Simultaneous NS supplementation to an exercise training program preserves and augments exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy with step-forward adaptive signs of increased IGF-I and reduced thyroxin level, and with an added advantage of elevation of total serum antioxidant capacity. Thus, the novel model of NSET-induced cardiac hypertrophy might be introduced as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart failure with superior advantages to exercise training alone.
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40
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Ye L, Yu G, Wang C, Du B, Sun D, Liu J, Qi T, Yu X, Wei W, Cheng J, Jiang Y. MicroRNA‑128a, BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene, and reactive oxygen species inhibit the growth of U‑87 MG glioblastoma cells following exposure to X‑ray radiation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6247-54. [PMID: 26238021 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of numerous types of malignant tumors, including glioma. However, radioresistance and anti‑apoptotic mechanisms decrease the efficacy of radiotherapy in many patients with glioma. BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene (Bmi‑1) is an oncogene associated with radioresistance in tumor cells. MicroRNA (miRNA)‑128a is a brain-specific miRNA, which suppresses Bmi‑1 expression. The present study investigated the effects of various radiation intensities on U‑87 MG glioma cells, as well as the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Bmi‑1, and miRNA‑128a in the cellular response to radiotherapy. The response of U‑87 MG cells following exposure to X‑ray radiation was assessed using a cell growth curve and inhibition ratio. Cell cycle distribution and the levels of intracellular ROS were evaluated by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of Bmi‑1 and those of miRNA‑128a in U‑87 MG cells exposed to X‑ray radiation were evaluated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. X‑ray radiation did not decrease the number of U‑87 MG cells; however, it did inhibit cellular growth in a dose‑dependent manner. Following exposure to X‑ray radiation for 24 h, cell cycle distribution was altered, with an increase in the number of cells in G0/G1 phase. The mRNA expression levels of Bmi‑1 were downregulated in the 1 and 2 Gy groups, and upregulated in the 6 and 8 Gy groups. The expression levels of miRNA‑128a were upregulated in the 1 and 2 Gy groups, and downregulated in the 8 Gy group. The levels of ROS were increased following exposure to ≥2 Gy, and treatment with N-acetyl cysteine was able to induce radioresistance. These results suggested that U‑87 MG cells exhibited radioresistance. High doses of X‑ray radiation increased the expression levels of Bmi‑1, which may be associated with the evasion of cellular senescence. miRNA‑128a and its downstream target gene Bmi‑1 may have an important role in the radioresistance of U‑87 MG glioma cells. In addition, ROS may be involved in the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of X‑ray radiation in U‑87 MG cells, and the downregulation of ROS may induce radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Guanying Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Bin Du
- Department of Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Dianshui Sun
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Junli Liu
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Tonggang Qi
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Jiang
- Cancer Center, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Banda M, McKim KL, Haber LT, MacGregor JA, Gollapudi BB, Parsons BL. Quantification of Kras mutant fraction in the lung DNA of mice exposed to aerosolized particulate vanadium pentoxide by inhalation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 789-790:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Agharazii M, St-Louis R, Gautier-Bastien A, Ung RV, Mokas S, Larivière R, Richard DE. Inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species as mediators of chronic kidney disease-related vascular calcification. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:746-55. [PMID: 25430697 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification, a regulated process in chronic kidney disease (CKD), requires vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation into osteoblast-like cells. This phenomenon can be enhanced by inflammatory cytokines and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In CKD rats with vascular calcification, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines, ROS generation, and downstream signaling events are associated with CKD-related vascular calcification. METHODS CKD was induced in male Wistar rats by renal mass ablation and vascular calcification was induced with a high calcium-phosphate diet and vitamin D supplementation (Ca/P/VitD). At week 3-6, hemodynamic parameters were determined and thoracic aorta was harvested for assessment of vascular calcification, macrophage infiltration, cytokines expression, VSMC differentiation, ROS generation, and related signaling pathway activation. RESULTS CKD rats treated with Ca/P/VitD developed medial calcification of thoracic aorta and increased pulse pressure and aortic pulse wave velocity. VSMC differentiation was confirmed by increased bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin expression and reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression. The expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor were also increased. The expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p22(phox) and p47(phox) were increased, whereas the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, Gpx1, and Prdx1) was reduced in CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats. Oxidized peroxiredoxin, a sensor of ROS generation, was significantly increased and ROS-sensitive signaling pathways were activated in the aorta from CKD + Ca/P/VitD rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a relationship between inflammation/ROS and arterial calcification in CKD and contributes to understanding of the complex pathways that mediate arterial calcification in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Agharazii
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine , Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada;
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Roth-Visal Ung
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Mokas
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Larivière
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de médecine , Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Darren E Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Département de biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Ranjbar K, Nazem F, Nazari A. Effect of Exercise Training and l-arginine on Oxidative Stress and Left Ventricular Function in the Post-ischemic Failing Rat Heart. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:122-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hadi T, Bardou M, Mace G, Sicard P, Wendremaire M, Barrichon M, Richaud S, Demidov O, Sagot P, Garrido C, Lirussi F. Glutathione prevents preterm parturition and fetal death by targeting macrophage-induced reactive oxygen species production in the myometrium. FASEB J 2015; 29:2653-66. [PMID: 25757563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is an inflammatory process resulting from the massive infiltration of innate immune cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the myometrium. However, proinflammatory cytokines, which induce labor in vivo, fail to induce labor-associated features in human myometrial cells (MCs). We thus aimed to investigate if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be the missing step between immune cell activation and MC response. Indeed, we found that ROS production is increased in the human preterm laboring myometrium (27% ROS producing cells, respectively, versus 2% in nonlaboring controls), with 90% ROS production in macrophages. Using LPS-stimulated myometrial samples and cell coculture experiments, we demonstrated that ROS production is required for labor onset. Furthermore, we showed that ROS are required first in the NADPH oxidase (NADPHox)-2/NF-κB-dependent macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli but, more importantly, to trigger macrophage-induced MCs transactivation. Remarkably, in a murine model of LPS-induced preterm labor (inducing delivery within 17 hours, with no pup survival), cotreatment with glutathione delayed labor onset up to 94 hours and prevented in utero fetal distress, allowing 46% pups to survive. These results suggest that targeting ROS production with the macrophage-permeable antioxidant glutathione could constitute a promising strategy to prevent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Hadi
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Marc Bardou
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Mace
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Maeva Wendremaire
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Marina Barrichon
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Sarah Richaud
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Oleg Demidov
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Sagot
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U866, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432, Dijon, France; Service de Gynécologie & Obstétrique, Dijon, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Toulouse, Claudius Regaud Institute, Toulouse, France; and **Anti-cancer Center George-François Leclerc, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Abstract
Hemoglobins (Hbs) corresponding to non-symbiotic (nsHb) and truncated (tHb) Hbs have been identified in rice (
Oryza). This review discusses the major findings from the current studies on rice Hbs. At the molecular level, a family of the
nshb genes, consisting of
hb1,
hb2,
hb3,
hb4 and
hb5, and a single copy of the
thb gene exist in
Oryza sativa var. indica and
O.
sativa var. japonica, Hb transcripts coexist in rice organs and Hb polypeptides exist in rice embryonic and vegetative organs and in the cytoplasm of differentiating cells. At the structural level, the crystal structure of rice Hb1 has been elucidated, and the structures of the other rice Hbs have been modeled. Kinetic analysis indicated that rice Hb1 and 2, and possibly rice Hb3 and 4, exhibit a very high affinity for O
2, whereas rice Hb5 and tHb possibly exhibit a low to moderate affinity for O
2. Based on the accumulated information on the properties of rice Hbs and data from the analysis of other plant and non-plant Hbs, it is likely that Hbs play a variety of roles in rice organs, including O
2-transport, O
2-sensing, NO-scavenging and redox-signaling. From an evolutionary perspective, an outline for the evolution of rice Hbs is available. Rice
nshb and
thb genes vertically evolved through different lineages, rice nsHbs evolved into clade I and clade II lineages and rice
nshbs and
thbs evolved under the effect of neutral selection. This review also reveals lacunae in our ability to completely understand rice Hbs. Primary lacunae are the absence of experimental information about the precise functions of rice Hbs, the properties of modeled rice Hbs and the
cis-elements and
trans-acting factors that regulate the expression of rice
hb genes, and the partial understanding of the evolution of rice Hbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Arredondo-Peter
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Jose F Moran
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, IdAB-CSIC-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Navarre, E-31192, Spain
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Grain, Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0937, USA
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Ozyürek M, Akpınar D, Bener M, Türkkan B, Güçlü K, Apak R. Novel oxime based flavanone, naringin-oxime: synthesis, characterization and screening for antioxidant activity. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:40-6. [PMID: 24508591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent interest in polyphenolic antioxidants due to their involvement in health benefits has led to the investigation of new polyphenolic compounds with enhanced antioxidant activity. Naringin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-β-l-rhamnoglucoside-(1,2)-α-d-glucopyranoside) is one of the major flavanones in citrus and grapefruit. The present study aimed to synthesize naringin oxime from naringin and to evaluate its antioxidant and anticancer potential using in vitro assay system. The structure of the synthesized compound, naringin oxime, was elucidated by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, elemental analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. Antioxidant capacity of naringin oxime, as measured by the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) method, was found to be higher than that of the parent compound naringin. Other parameters of antioxidant activity (scavenging effects on OH, O2(-), and H2O2) of naringin and naringin oxime were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozyürek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Damla Akpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bener
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baki Türkkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters, Harran University, Osmanbey, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Güçlü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li F, Wu JH, Wang QH, Shu YL, Wan CW, Chan CO, Kam-Wah Mok D, Chan SW. Gui-ling-gao, a traditional Chinese functional food, prevents oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Food Funct 2014; 4:745-53. [PMID: 23467630 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Functional foods have become an increasingly popular alternative to prevent diseases and maintain body health status. Gui-ling-gao (GLG, also known as turtle jelly) is a well-known traditional functional food popular in Southern China and Hong Kong. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of GLG, a traditional Chinese functional food, on preventing oxidative stress-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. In this study, the antioxidative capacities of GLG were measured by using both a cell-free assay [2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl assay] and biological methods [2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)-induced haemolysis assay and H(2)O(2)-induced cell damage on H9c2 cardiomyocytes]. Additionally, the total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Furthermore, the anti-apoptotic effect of GLG was evaluated by nuclear staining and a DNA fragmentation assay. GLG was found to have good antioxidant activities and high total phenolic content. In H(2)O(2)-induced cell damage on H9c2 cells, GLG was demonstrated to ameliorate the apoptotic effects, such as nuclear condensations, increased intracellular caspase-3 activity and inter-nucleosomal DNA cleavage, induced by H(2)O(2). The present study demonstrated for the first time that GLG possesses anti-apoptotic potential in vitro and this effect may be mediated, in part, by its antioxidative function. Additionally, the antioxidative capacities of GLG were proved both chemically and biologically. This study provides scientific evidence to prove the anecdotal health-beneficial claim that the consumption of GLG could help the body to handle endogenous toxicants such as free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Shenzhen, PR China
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Corbi G, Conti V, Russomanno G, Longobardi G, Furgi G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Adrenergic signaling and oxidative stress: a role for sirtuins? Front Physiol 2013. [PMID: 24265619 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00324.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenergic system plays a central role in stress signaling and stress is often associated with increased production of ROS. However, ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, that occurs in response to several stressors. β-adrenergic signaling is markedly attenuated in conditions such as heart failure, with downregulation and desensitization of the receptors and their uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase. Transgenic activation of β2-adrenoceptor leads to elevation of NADPH oxidase activity, with greater ROS production and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase or ROS significantly reduced the p38MAPK signaling cascade. Chronic β2-adrenoceptor activation is associated with greater cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, augmented pro-inflammatory and profibrotic signaling, while antioxidant treatment protected hearts against these abnormalities, indicating ROS production to be central to the detrimental signaling of β2-adrenoceptors. It has been demonstrated that sirtuins are involved in modulating the cellular stress response directly by deacetylation of some factors. Sirt1 increases cellular stress resistance, by an increased insulin sensitivity, a decreased circulating free fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), an increased activity of AMPK, increased activity of PGC-1a, and increased mitochondrial number. Sirt1 acts by involving signaling molecules such P-I-3-kinase-Akt, MAPK and p38-MAPK-β. βAR stimulation antagonizes the protective effect of the AKT pathway through inhibiting induction of Hif-1α and Sirt1 genes, key elements in cell survival. More studies are needed to better clarify the involvement of sirtuins in the β-adrenergic response and, overall, to better define the mechanisms by which tools such as exercise training are able to counteract the oxidative stress, by both activation of sirtuins and inhibition of GRK2 in many cardiovascular conditions and can be used to prevent or treat diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
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Corbi G, Conti V, Russomanno G, Longobardi G, Furgi G, Filippelli A, Ferrara N. Adrenergic signaling and oxidative stress: a role for sirtuins? Front Physiol 2013; 4:324. [PMID: 24265619 PMCID: PMC3820966 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenergic system plays a central role in stress signaling and stress is often associated with increased production of ROS. However, ROS overproduction generates oxidative stress, that occurs in response to several stressors. β-adrenergic signaling is markedly attenuated in conditions such as heart failure, with downregulation and desensitization of the receptors and their uncoupling from adenylyl cyclase. Transgenic activation of β2-adrenoceptor leads to elevation of NADPH oxidase activity, with greater ROS production and p38MAPK phosphorylation. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase or ROS significantly reduced the p38MAPK signaling cascade. Chronic β2-adrenoceptor activation is associated with greater cardiac dilatation and dysfunction, augmented pro-inflammatory and profibrotic signaling, while antioxidant treatment protected hearts against these abnormalities, indicating ROS production to be central to the detrimental signaling of β2-adrenoceptors. It has been demonstrated that sirtuins are involved in modulating the cellular stress response directly by deacetylation of some factors. Sirt1 increases cellular stress resistance, by an increased insulin sensitivity, a decreased circulating free fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), an increased activity of AMPK, increased activity of PGC-1a, and increased mitochondrial number. Sirt1 acts by involving signaling molecules such P-I-3-kinase-Akt, MAPK and p38-MAPK-β. βAR stimulation antagonizes the protective effect of the AKT pathway through inhibiting induction of Hif-1α and Sirt1 genes, key elements in cell survival. More studies are needed to better clarify the involvement of sirtuins in the β-adrenergic response and, overall, to better define the mechanisms by which tools such as exercise training are able to counteract the oxidative stress, by both activation of sirtuins and inhibition of GRK2 in many cardiovascular conditions and can be used to prevent or treat diseases such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise Campobasso, Italy
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Redox balance and cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:392. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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