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Li Y, Yue X, Wang S, Li P, Zhang M, Song K, Huang X, Li Z. Protective Effect of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim Components Against Glutamate-Induced SH-SY5Y Cells Damage Through Regulating Apoptosis. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231169585. [PMID: 37283817 PMCID: PMC10240882 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231169585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Among the Tujia people, the root or rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim.in Bull.Acad (TTM) is considered a miraculous herb for headaches. Previous studies have shown ethyl acetate extract (TTM1) can protect SH-SY5Y cells against glutamate injury. Objective This study clarified TTM1's mechanism against glutamate-induced cell damage, focusing on the regulation of apoptosis. The compounds were separated, identified, and performed molecular docking with pro-apoptotic proteins. Materials and Methods SH-SY5Y cells were treated with glutamate (2 mM) for 12 hour, and the effect of TTM1 (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) was evaluated with MTT and LDH release assays, taking EGb761(40 μg/mL) as a control. Cell apoptosis was detected with Hoechst 33258 and Annexin V-FITC and measurements of intracellular calcium and caspase-3. The major components were separated and identified by LCMS-IT-TOF and NMR, then the proapoptotic activity of TTM1 was confirmed by molecular docking method. Results TTM1 protected SH-SY5Y cells by resisting apoptosis, TTM1 (10 and 20 μg/mL) decreased apoptotic bodies and nuclear fragments, increased the proportion of normal cells to 68.38 ± 5.63% and 92.80 ± .88%, decreased VA cells to 4.30 ± .76% and 3.58 ± .45% and caspase-3 to .365 ± .034 and .344 ± .047 ng/mL.TTM1 (10 μg/mL) decreased intracellular free calcium to 2.77 ± .40. Polyphyllin VI and pennogenin 3-O-β-chacotrioside were identified in TTM1 at 15.04% and 2.84%, and had potential anti-apoptosis activities. Discussion and Conclusions Folk records of TTM for headache may be related to its anti-apoptosis of nerve cells. Identification and content determination of index components based on effective extract provides research paradigms for rare and endangered ethnic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Li
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingnan Yue
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Kuokui Song
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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Woo SM, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Magnolol Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of TRAIL through DR5 Upregulation and Downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 Proteins in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194591. [PMID: 33050112 PMCID: PMC7582760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is a biologically active compound, isolated from the Chinese herb Magnolia, that regulates antiproliferative, anticancer, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities. We found that magnolol sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death via upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and Mcl-1 in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Mechanistically, magnolol increased ATF4-dependent DR5 expression at the transcription level, and knockdown of ATF4 markedly inhibited magnolol-induced DR5 upregulation. Silencing DR5 with siRNA prevented combined treatment with magnolol and TRAIL-induced apoptosis and PARP cleavage. Magnolol induced proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 downregulation, while magnolol-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated, at least in part, by lysosomal degradation. Our results revealed that magnolol enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via ATF4-dependent DR5 upregulation and downregulation of c-FLIP and Mcl-1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
| | - Kyoung-jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- New Drug Development Center, Deagu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (S.M.W.); (K.-j.M.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-258-7358
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Su CM, Weng YS, Kuan LY, Chen JH, Hsu FT. Suppression of PKCδ/NF-κB Signaling and Apoptosis Induction through Extrinsic/Intrinsic Pathways Are Associated Magnolol-Inhibited Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103527. [PMID: 32429376 PMCID: PMC7278962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnolol is one of the hydroxylated biphenyl compounds from the root and stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, which shown to possess anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) effects. However, the regulatory mechanism of magnolol on apoptosis and NF-κB signaling in human CRC has not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory mechanism of magnolol on human and mouse CRC (HT-29 and CT-26) in vitro and in vivo. Results from reporter gene assay indicated that both magnolol and rottlerin (PKCδ inhibitor) reduced the endogenous NF-κB activity. In addition, indolactam V (PKCδ activator)-induced NF-κB signaling was significantly suppressed with both magnolol and rottlerin treatment. Results from Western blotting also indicated that phosphorylation of PKCδ and NF-κB -related proteins involved in tumor progression were effectively decreased by magnolol treatment. The invasion capacity of CRC cells was also attenuated by both magnolol and rottlerin. Furthermore, magnolol triggered Fas/Fas-L mediated extrinsic apoptosis and mitochondria mediated intrinsic apoptosis were validated by flow cytometry. Most importantly, tumor growth in both HT-29 and CT-26 bearing mice were suppressed by magnolol, but no pathologic change was detected in mice kidney, spleen, and liver. As confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining from tumor tissue, PKCδ/NF-κB signaling and downstream proteins expression were decreased, while apoptotic proteins expression was increased in the magnolol treated group. According to these results, we suggest that the induction of apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways and the blockage of PKCδ/NF-κB signaling are associated with the magnolol-inhibited progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Su
- Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Yueh-Shan Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Lin-Yen Kuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (J.-H.C.)
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 2532)
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4
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Saha P, Talukdar AD, Nath R, Sarker SD, Nahar L, Sahu J, Choudhury MD. Role of Natural Phenolics in Hepatoprotection: A Mechanistic Review and Analysis of Regulatory Network of Associated Genes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 31178720 PMCID: PMC6543890 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is not only involved in metabolism and detoxification, but also participate in innate immune function and thus exposed to frequent target Thus, they are the frequent target of physical injury. Interestingly, liver has the unique ability to regenerate and completely recoup from most acute, non-iterative situation. However, multiple conditions, including viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, long term alcohol abuse and chronic use of medications can cause persistent injury in which regenerative capacity eventually becomes dysfunctional resulting in hepatic scaring and cirrhosis. Despite the recent therapeutic advances and significant development of modern medicine, hepatic diseases remain a health problem worldwide. Thus, the search for the new therapeutic agents to treat liver disease is still in demand. Many synthetic drugs have been demonstrated to be strong radical scavengers, but they are also carcinogenic and cause liver damage. Present day various hepatic problems are encountered with number of synthetic and plant based drugs. Nexavar (sorafenib) is a chemotherapeutic medication used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma associated with several side effects. There are a few effective varieties of herbal preparation like Liv-52, silymarin and Stronger neomin phages (SNMC) against hepatic complications. Plants are the huge repository of bioactive secondary metabolites viz; phenol, flavonoid, alkaloid etc. In this review we will try to present exclusive study on phenolics with its mode of action mitigating liver associated complications. And also its future prospects as new drug lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jagajjit Sahu
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kuan LY, Chen WL, Chen JH, Hsu FT, Liu TT, Chen WT, Wang KL, Chen WC, Liu YC, Wang WS. Magnolol Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits ERK-modulated Metastatic Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. In Vivo 2019; 32:1361-1368. [PMID: 30348689 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of magnolol in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCC SK-Hep1 cells were treated with different concentrations of magnolol or PD98059 [extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor] for 48 h, and then cell viability, apoptosis, signal transduction, expression of anti-apoptotic and metastasis-related proteins, and cell invasion were investigated by [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay, flow cytometry, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) reporter gene, western blotting, and cell invasion assays. RESULTS Magnolol significantly induced accumulation of sub-G1 phase and caspase-3 activation and inhibited NF-ĸB activation, cell invasion, expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK), anti-apoptotic and metastatic-related proteins. ERK inactivation was required for magnolol-induced inhibition of metastatic potential of SK-Hep1 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results indicated that magnolol not only induced apoptosis, but also inhibited ERK-modulated metastatic potential of HCC SK-Hep1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yen Kuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Lung Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiann-Hwa Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsu-Te Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kai-Lee Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Shu Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chiu YH, Hsu SH, Hsu HW, Huang KC, Liu W, Wu CY, Huang WP, Chen JYF, Chen BH, Chiu CC. Human non‑small cell lung cancer cells can be sensitized to camptothecin by modulating autophagy. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1967-1979. [PMID: 30106130 PMCID: PMC6192723 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent disease and is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite the development of various anticancer drugs, the prognosis of lung cancer is relatively poor. Metastasis of lung cancer, as well as chemoresistance, is associated with a high mortality rate for patients with lung cancer. Camptothecin (CPT) is a well-known anticancer drug, which causes cancer cell apoptosis via the induction of DNA damage; however, the cytotoxicity of CPT easily reaches a plateau at a relatively high dose in lung cancer cells, thus limiting its efficacy. The present study demonstrated that CPT may induce autophagy in two human non‑small cell lung cancer cell lines, H1299 and H460. In addition, the results of a viability assay and Annexin V staining revealed that CPT-induced autophagy could protect lung cancer cells from programmed cell death. Conversely, the cytotoxicity of CPT was increased when autophagy was blocked by 3-methyladenine treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy enhanced the levels of CPT-induced DNA damage in the lung cancer cell lines. Accordingly, these findings suggested that autophagy exerts a protective role in CPT-treated lung cancer cells, and the combination of CPT with a specific inhibitor of autophagy may be considered a promising strategy for the future treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary's Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Wei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Pang Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Magnolol: A Neolignan from the Magnolia Family for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082362. [PMID: 30103472 PMCID: PMC6121321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed widespread research to challenge carcinogenesis; however, it remains one of the most important health concerns with the worst prognosis and diagnosis. Increasing lines of evidence clearly show that the rate of cancer incidence will increase in future and will create global havoc, designating it as an epidemic. Conventional chemotherapeutics and treatment with synthetic disciplines are often associated with adverse side effects and development of chemoresistance. Thus, discovering novel economic and patient friendly drugs that are safe and efficacious is warranted. Several natural compounds have proved their potential against this dreadful disease so far. Magnolol is a hydroxylated biphenyl isolated from the root and stem bark of Magnolia tree. Magnolol can efficiently prevent or inhibit the growth of various cancers originating from different organs such as brain, breast, cervical, colon, liver, lung, prostate, skin, etc. Considering these perspectives, the current review primarily focuses on the fascinating role of magnolol against various types of cancers, and the source and chemistry of magnolol and the molecular mechanism underlying the targets of magnolol are discussed. This review proposes magnolol as a suitable candidate that can be appropriately designed and established into a potent anti-cancer drug.
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Tang H, Zhang Y, Li D, Fu S, Tang M, Wan L, Chen K, Liu Z, Xue L, Peng A, Ye H, Chen L. Discovery and synthesis of novel magnolol derivatives with potent anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:190-205. [PMID: 30006164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
EGFR T790 M accounts for 50% to 60% of cases of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) resistance to the first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, identifying novel compounds with activity against TKIs resistant is of great value. In this study, twenty honokiol and magnolol derivatives were isolated from the EtOH extract of Magnolia officinalis and the antiproliferative activity was evaluated on HCC827 (19del EGFR mutation), H1975 (L858 R/T790 M EGFR mutation), and H460 (KRAS mutation) cell lines. Among the isolated compounds, piperitylmagnolol (a 3-substituted magnolol derivative) showed the best antiproliferative activity against those three cell lines with the IC50 values of 15.85, 15.60 and 18.60 μM, respectively, which provided a direction for the structural modification of magnolol. Further structural modification led to the synthesis of thirty-one magnolol derivatives, and compounds A13, C1, and C2 exhibited significant and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activity with the IC50 values ranging from 4.81 to 13.54 μM, which were approximately 4- and 8-fold more potent than those of honokiol and magnolol, respectively. Moreover, their aqueous solubility was remarkably improved with 12-, 400- and 105 fold greater than those of honokiol and magnolol. Anti-tumor mechanism research revealed that these three compounds were able to induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, cause efficient apoptosis in H1975 cells, and also prevent the migration of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner through Cdk2, Cdk4, Cyclin E, and Cyclin D1 inhibition as well as up-regulation of cleaved-PARP and cleaved-caspase 3 levels. In in vivo antitumor activity, C2 (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, po) dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth in H1975 xenograft model with the tumor inhibition rate of 46.3%, 59.3% and 61.2% respectively, suggesting that C2 is a potential oral anticancer agent deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Suhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Guang dong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, PR China
| | - Linlin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Aihua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Poivre M, Duez P. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:194-214. [PMID: 28271656 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal drugs have been used for thousands of years in Chinese pharmacopoeia. The bark of Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson, known under the pinyin name "Houpo", has been traditionally used in Chinese and Japanese medicines for the treatment of anxiety, asthma, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, headache, and more. Moreover, Magnolia bark extract is a major constituent of currently marketed dietary supplements and cosmetic products. Much pharmacological activity has been reported for this herb and its major compounds, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and antispasmodic effects. However, the mechanisms underlying this have not been elucidated and only a very few clinical trials have been published. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies have also been published and indicate some intriguing features. The present review aims to summarize the literature on M. officinalis bark composition, utilisation, pharmacology, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Poivre
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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Rodrigues LC, Barbosa-Filho JM, de Oliveira MR, do Nascimento Néris PL, Borges FVP, Mioso R. Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of Natural Dehydrodieugenol and Its Mono- and Dimethyl Ethers. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:870-4. [PMID: 27251851 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The study of chemistry of naturally occurring compounds and the synthesis of their derivatives is fundamentally important for the development of new drugs. In this work, dehydrodieugenol (DHDE) was obtained through oxidative coupling of eugenol, promoted by an aqueous mixture of potassium ferricyanide (K3 [Fe(CN)6 ]) and NH3 · H2 O. The partial methoxylation of DHDE with MeI and K2 CO3 mainly resulted in the molecular-shaped monomethyl ether (DHDE-1MeO) and its dimethyl ether derivative (DHDE-2MeO). The products from the reactions were characterized by (1) H- and (13) C-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, these studies have reported the antileishmanial activity of DHDE against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 value of 42.20 μg ml(-1) ) and shown that partial methoxylation of DHDE results in a significant increase in its antiparasitic activity (IC50 value of 13.68 μg ml(-1) ). Based on in vitro bioassays, DHDE-1MeO has shown the highest leishmanicidal activity in promastigota form. Production by direct one-step synthesis of this monomethoxylated compound can be considered to be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method with a short reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cezar Rodrigues
- Department of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Marcia Rosa de Oliveira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lima do Nascimento Néris
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactives, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Valadares Pereira Borges
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactives, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mioso
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
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Qiu N, Shen B, Li X, Zhang X, Sang Z, Yang T, An L, Liu J, Chen L, Wang L. Inclusion complex of magnolol with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: characterization, solubility, stability and cell viability. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Hu B, An HM, Wang SS, Chen JJ, Xu L. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Herbal Compounds against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Molecules 2016; 21:142. [PMID: 26828466 PMCID: PMC6274246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines, unique biomedical and pharmaceutical resources, have been widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prevention and treatment. Accumulated Chinese herb-derived compounds with significant anti-cancer effects against HCC have been identified. Chinese herbal compounds are effective in preventing carcinogenesis, inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell senescence and anoikis, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis and angiogenesis, regulating immune function, reversing drug resistance and enhancing the effects of chemotherapy in HCC. This paper comprehensively reviews these compounds and their effects on HCC. Finally, the perspectives and rational application of herbal compounds for HCC management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Hong-Mei An
- Department of Science & Technology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 202032, China.
| | - Shuang-Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, The Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology and Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Yang B, Xu Y, Yu S, Huang Y, Lu L, Liang X. Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of Magnolol in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:81-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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McKeown BT, McDougall L, Catalli A, Hurta RAR. Magnolol causes alterations in the cell cycle in androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cells in vitro by affecting expression of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1154-64. [PMID: 25264561 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in the Western world, affects many men worldwide. This study investigated the effects of magnolol, a compound found in the roots and bark of the magnolia tree Magnolia officinalis, on the behavior of 2 androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3, in vitro. Magnolol, in a 24-h exposure at 40 and 80 μM, was found to be cytotoxic to cells. Magnolol also affected cell cycle progression of DU145 and PC3 cells, resulting in alterations to the cell cycle and subsequently decreasing the proportion of cells entering the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle. Magnolol inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins including cyclins A, B1, D1, and E, as well as CDK2 and CDK4. Protein expression levels of pRBp107 decreased and pRBp130 protein expression levels increased in response to magnolol exposure, whereas p16(INK4a), p21, and p27 protein expression levels were apparently unchanged post 24-h exposure. Magnolol exposure at 6 h did increase p27 protein expression levels. This study has demonstrated that magnolol can alter the behavior of androgen insensitive human prostate cancer cells in vitro and suggests that magnolol may have potential as a novel anti-prostate cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T McKeown
- a Department of Biology , University of Prince Edward Island , Charlottetown , Prince Edward Island , Canada
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Lou C, Takahashi K, Irimura T, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Identification of Hirsutine as an anti-metastatic phytochemical by targeting NF-κB activation. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2085-91. [PMID: 25175557 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation has been implicated not only in carcinogenesis but also in cancer cell invasion and metastatic process; therefore, targeting the NF-κB pathway is an attractive strategy for controlling meta-stasis. Amongst 56 chemically defined compounds derived from natural products, we have identified a new phytochemical compound Hirsutine, which strongly suppresses NF-κB activity in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. In accordance with the NF-κB inhibition, Hirsutine reduced the metastatic potential of 4T1 cells, as seen in the inhibition of the migration and invasion capacity of 4T1 cells. Hirsutine further inhibited the constitutive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 4T1 cells, and reduced the in vivo lung metastatic potential of 4T1 cells in the experimental model. Given that the migration of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited, our present study implies that Hirsutine is an attractive phytochemical compound for reducing metastasis potential of cancer cells by regulating tumor-promoting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Magnolol Suppresses MetastasisviaInhibition of Invasion, Migration, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 Activities in PC-3 Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:961-7. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Dai M, Yuan X, Kang J, Zhu ZJ, Yue RC, Yuan H, Chen BY, Zhang WD, Liu RH, Sun QY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of phenyl substituted polyoxygenated xanthone derivatives as anti-hepatoma agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Kim KM, Kim NS, Kim J, Park JS, Yi JM, Lee J, Bang OS. Magnolol Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Inhibiting Ras-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.828082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tsai JR, Chong IW, Chen YH, Hwang JJ, Yin WH, Chen HL, Chou SH, Chiu CC, Liu PL. Magnolol induces apoptosis via caspase-independent pathways in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:548-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Chen LC, Lee WS. P27/Kip1 is responsible for magnolol-induced U373 apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2811-2819. [PMID: 23448150 DOI: 10.1021/jf400542m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that magnolol, a hydroxylated biphenyl compound isolated from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, at low concentrations (3-10 μM) exerted an antiproliferation effect in colon cancer, hepatoma, and glioblastoma (U373) cell lines through upregulation of the p21/Cip1 protein. Magnolol at a higher concentration of 100 μM, however, induced apoptosis and upregulated p27/Kip1 expression in U373. In the present study, we further studied whether the increased p27/Kip1 expression contributes to the magnolol-induced apoptosis in U373. Our data show that knock-down of p27/Kip1 expression significantly suppressed the magnolol-induced apoptosis, suggesting that p27/Kip1 might play an important role in the regulation of magnolol-induced apoptosis. This notion was further supported by demonstrating that magnolol induced an increase of the caspase activity in U373 in vitro and in vivo, and these effects were abolished by pretransfection of the cell with p27/Kip1 siRNA. To delineate the possible signaling pathways involved in the magnolol-induced increases of p27/Kip1 expression and apoptosis, we found that magnolol (100 μM) increased the levels of phosphorylated cSrc (p-cSrc), p-ERK, p-p38 MAP kinase (p-p38 MAPK), and p-AKT but not p-JNK in U373. Moreover, pretreatment of U373 with a cSrc inhibitor (PP2), a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), an ERK inhibitor (PD98059), or a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) but not a JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly reduced the magnolol-induced increases of p27/Kip1 protein levels and apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that magnolol at a higher concentration of 100 μM induced apopotosis in U373 cells through cSrc-mediated upregulation of p27/Kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institutes of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, ‡Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and §Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University , Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Ho PY, Chueh SC, Chiou SH, Wang SM, Lin WC, Lee IL, Yang HY, Peng HC, Lai MK. ΑB-crystallin in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: tumor progression and prognostic significance. Urol Oncol 2012; 31:1367-77. [PMID: 22417627 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AlphaB-crystallin (αB-crystallin), a small heat shock protein, has been reported to be involved in the growth, antiapoptosis, migration, and chemoresistance of human malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS αB-crystallin expression in normal renal and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues was examined with two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis assays. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to determine the presence of αB-crystallin-positive tumor cells and staining intensity in 50 cases of ccRCC tissue samples. The association of αB-crystallin protein expression, clinicopathogic parameters and prognosis of ccRCC patients was also analyzed with Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Moreover, Western blot assays were performed to detect the protein expression of αB-crystallin in normal and tumor tissues and the alteration of cell cycle regulators in αB-crystallin-overexpressing cells. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), BrdU, and transwell assays were performed to demonstrate the effects of αB-crystallin overexpression on cell growth, DNA synthesis and cell migration of ccRCC cells, respectively. RESULTS The results showed the up-regulation of αB-crystallin expression in ccRCC tissues. Overall survival of ccRCC patients was significantly correlated with αB-crystallin expression in tumor tissues. We found that αB-crystallin overexpression increased the expression of cyclin A and the incorporation of BrdU, which may be related to the enhancement of cell growth. Transwell analyses demonstrated that presence of αB-crystallin overexpression enhanced cell migration in ccRCC cells. Furthermore, rapamycin-resistance of tumor cells was induced when αB-crystallin was overexpressed. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental findings highlight the importance of αB-crystallin in the tumor growth, migration, and target therapy-resistance of ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Ho
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Chien MH, Ying TH, Hsieh YS, Chang YC, Yeh CM, Ko JL, Lee WS, Chang JH, Yang SF. Dioscorea nipponica Makino inhibits migration and invasion of human oral cancer HSC-3 cells by transcriptional inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 through modulation of CREB and AP-1 activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:558-66. [PMID: 22210353 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer mortality has increased during the last decade due to the difficulties in treating related metastasis. Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a popular folk medicine, exerts anti-obesity and anti-inflammation properties. However, the effect of this folk medicine on metastasis of oral cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study demonstrates that D. nipponica extracts (DNE), at a range of concentrations (0-50 μg/mL), concentration-dependently inhibited migration/invasion capacities of human oral cancer cells, HSC-3, without cytotoxic effects. The anti-migration effect of DNE was also observed in two other OSCC cell lines, Ca9-22 and Cal-27. Zymography, real time PCR, and Western blotting analyses revealed that DNE inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) enzyme activity, and RNA and protein expression. The inhibitory effects of DNE on MMP-2 proceeded by up-regulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), as well as suppressing nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1) on the MMP-2 promoter in HSC-3 cells. In conclusion, DNE inhibited the invasion of oral cancer cells and may have potential use as a chemopreventive agent against oral cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Wan Fang Hospital, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen YH, Huang PH, Lin FY, Chen WC, Chen YL, Yin WH, Man KM, Liu PL. Magnolol: A multifunctional compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Rasul A, Yu B, Khan M, Zhang K, Iqbal F, Ma T, Yang H. Magnolol, a natural compound, induces apoptosis of SGC-7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells via the mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:1153-61. [PMID: 22139054 PMCID: PMC3584565 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer with the second highest mortality rate worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally used for the treatment of stomach cancer but only limited clinical response is shown by these therapies and still no effectual therapy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma patients is available. Therefore, there is a need to identify other therapeutic agents against this life-threatening disease. Plants are considered as one of the most important sources for the development of anticancer drugs. Magnolol, a natural compound possesses anticancer properties. However, effects of Magnolol on human gastric cancer remain unexplored. The effects of Magnolol on the viability of SGC-7901 cells were determined by the MTT assay. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and PI3K/Akt was analysed by Western blotting. Magnolol induced morphological changes in SGC-7901 cells and its cytotoxic effects were linked with DNA damage, apoptosis and S-phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner. Magnolol triggered the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway as shown by an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and sequential activation of caspase-3 and inhibition of PI3K/Akt. Additionally, Magnolol induced autophagy in SGC-7901 cells at high concentration but was not involved in cell death. Magnolol-induced apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells involves mitochondria and PI3K/Akt-dependent pathways. These findings provide evidence that Magnolol is a promising natural compound for the treatment of gastric cancer and may represent a candidate for in vivo studies of monotherapies or combination antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rasul
- Central Research Laboratory, Jilin University Bethune Second Hospital, Changchun 130041, PR China
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Chuang TC, Hsu SC, Cheng YT, Shao WS, Wu K, Fang GS, Ou CC, Wang V. Magnolol down-regulates HER2 gene expression, leading to inhibition of HER2-mediated metastatic potential in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 311:11-9. [PMID: 21757288 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2 oncogene contributes to tumor cell invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis and correlates with poor prognosis. Magnolol has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activities. However, the molecular mechanism of action of magnolol has not been investigated in HER2-positive cancer cells. Therefore, we examined the anti-cancer effects of magnolol on HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Magnolol treatment caused a dose-dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level, potentially in part through suppression of NF-κB activation. Treatment of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells with magnolol down-regulated the HER2 downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and suppressed the expression of downstream target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and cyclin D1. Consistently, magnolol-mediated inhibition of MMP2 activity could be prevented by co-treatment with epidermal growth factor. Migration assays revealed that magnolol treatment markedly reduced the motility of HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, magnolol-induced apoptosis in HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells was characterized by the up-regulation of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activated caspase 3. These findings suggest that magnolol may act against HER2 and its downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR-signaling network, thus resulting in suppression of HER2-mediated transformation and metastatic potential in HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancers. These results provide a novel mechanism to explain the anti-cancer effect of magnolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chien MH, Lee TS, Kao C, Yang SF, Lee WS. Terbinafine inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth through anti-cancer cell proliferation and anti-angiogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:389-99. [PMID: 21563217 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Terbinafine (TB), an oral antifungal agent used in the treatment of superficial mycosis, has been reported to exert an anti-tumor effect in various cancer cells. However, the effect of TB on oral cancer has not been evaluated. Herein we demonstrate that TB (0-60 µM) concentration-dependently decreased cell number in cultured human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), KB cells. The anti-proliferation effect of TB was also observed in two other OSCC cell lines, SAS and SCC 15. TB (60 µM) was not cytotoxic and its inhibition on KB cell growth was reversible. [(3) H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometric analyses revealed that TB-inhibited DNA synthesis and induced the G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest. The TB-induced cell-cycle arrest occurred when the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity was inhibited just as the protein levels of p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) were increased. The TB-induced G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest was completely blocked when the expressions of p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) were knocked-down together. Taken together, these results suggest that the p21(cip1) - and p27(kip1) -associated signaling pathways might be involved in the TB-induced anti-proliferation in KB cells. In vivo, TB (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the KB tumor size. In these TB-treated tumors, increases in the levels of p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) protein and decreases in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and the microvessel density were observed. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TB might have potential to serve as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oral cancer.
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Seo JU, Kim MH, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anticancer potential of magnolol for lung cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:625-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lee YJ, Lee YM, Lee CK, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT. Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 130:157-76. [PMID: 21277893 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bark and/or seed cones of the Magnolia tree have been used in traditional herbal medicines in Korea, China and Japan. Bioactive ingredients such as magnolol, honokiol, 4-O-methylhonokiol and obovatol have received great attention, judging by the large number of investigators who have studied their pharmacological effects for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, many investigators reported the anti-cancer, anti-stress, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects as well as toxicities and pharmacokinetics data, however, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are not clear. The aim of this study was to review a variety of experimental and clinical reports and, describe the effectiveness, toxicities and pharmacokinetics, and possible mechanisms of Magnolia and/or its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 12 Gaesin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Xu H, Tang W, Du G, Kokudo N. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer with magnolol and honokiol, bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis . Drug Discov Ther 2011; 5:202-10. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.5.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanli Xu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Wei Tang
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Guanhua Du
- National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
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30
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Kao YH, Jawan B, Sun CK, Goto S, Lin YC, Hung CT, Pan MC, Hsu LW, Cheng YF, Lai CY, Wang CS, Tsai CC, Chang HR, Chen CL. High concentration of magnolol induces hepatotoxicity under serum-reduced conditions. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:469-474. [PMID: 19683908 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although magnolol is cytoprotective against warm ischemia/reperfusion injury, its effect on cold preservation has not been fully investigated. This study aimed at examining whether magnolol maintains the liver graft integrity after cold preservation and elucidating the underlying mechanisms in terms of apoptotic signaling under both normothermic and hypothermic conditions. After being preserved in Ringer's lactate (RL) at 4 degrees C for 6h ex vivo, the magnolol-treated grafts demonstrated significantly higher AST, ALT, and LDH levels in perfusates than those from negative controls. TUNEL staining showed no difference in the number of apoptotic nuclei in both groups, whereas a more intense apoptotic signal in magnolol-treated grafts was shown as compared with the controls. In vitro data showed no significant difference in viability of RL-preserved clone-9 hepatocytes between the magnolol-treated and control groups, while magnolol pretreatment at 30min before cold preservation prominently induced hepatocyte cell death. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses revealed a suppression in Bcl-2, but an up-regulation in Bax expression in clone-9 cells after magnolol treatment. Magnolol suppressed the ratios of NF-kappaB to I-kappaBalpha protein contents and I-kappaBalpha phosphorylation induced by TNF-alpha, and potentiated mitochondrial cytochrome c release and subsequent caspase-3 cleavage. Conversely, caspase-3 inhibitor attenuated magnolol-induced hepatotoxicity. We concluded that magnolol could not protect liver grafts from cold ischemia/reperfusion injury. High concentration of magnolol under serum-reduced conditions attenuates NF-kappaB-mediated signaling and induces intrinsic apoptotic pathway, thereby inducing in vitro hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Kao
- Liver Transplantation Program and Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Rd., Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung 83305, Taiwan
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Influence of Magnolol on the bystander effect induced by alpha-particle irradiation. Appl Radiat Isot 2010; 68:718-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Studying effects of Magnolol on alpha-particle induced bystander effects using PADC-film based dishes. RADIAT MEAS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee DH, Szczepanski MJ, Lee YJ. Magnolol induces apoptosis via inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:1113-22. [PMID: 19229860 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We observed that treatment of prostate cancer cells for 24 h with magnolol, a phenolic component extracted from the root and stem bark of the oriental herb Magnolia officinalis, induced apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A sustained inhibition of the major survival signal, Akt, occurred in magnolol-treated cells. Treatment of PC-3 cells with an apoptosis-inducing concentration of magnolol (60 microM) resulted in a rapid decrease in the level of phosphorylated Akt leading to inhibition of its kinase activity. Magnolol treatment (60 microM) also caused a decrease in Ser((136)) phosphorylation of Bad (a proapoptotic protein), which is a downstream target of Akt. Protein interaction assay revealed that Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, was associated with Bad during treatment with magnolol. We also observed that during treatment with magnolol, translocation of Bax to the mitochondrial membrane occurred and the translocation was accompanied by cytochrome c release, and cleavage of procaspase-8, -9, -3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Similar results were observed in human colon cancer HCT116Bax(+/-) cell line, but not HCT116Bax(-/-) cell line. Interestingly, at similar concentrations (60 microM), magnolol treatment did not affect the viability of normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) line. We also observed that apoptotic cell death by magnolol was associated with significant inhibition of pEGFR, pPI3K, and pAkt. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the apoptotic activity of magnolol involves its effect on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hee Lee
- Department of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Magnolol enhances adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells. Life Sci 2009; 84:908-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang KC, Tsai CY, Wang YJ, Wei PL, Lee CH, Chen JH, Wu CH, Ho YS. Apple polyphenol phloretin potentiates the anticancer actions of paclitaxel through induction of apoptosis in human hep G2 cells. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:420-31. [PMID: 18767070 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phloretin (Ph), which can be obtained from apples, apple juice, and cider, is a known inhibitor of the type II glucose transporter (GLUT2). In this study, real-time PCR analysis of laser-capture microdissected (LCM) human hepatoma cells showed elevated expression (>5-fold) of GLUT2 mRNA in comparison with nonmalignant hepatocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to assess Ph antitumor activity when combined with paclitaxel (PTX) for treatment of human liver cancer cells. Inhibition of GLUT2 by Ph potentiated the anticancer effects of PTX, resensitizing human liver cancer cells to drugs. These results demonstrate that 50-150 microM Ph significantly potentiates DNA laddering induced in Hep G2 cells by 10 nM PTX. Activity assays showed that caspases 3, 8, and 9 are involved in this apoptosis. The antitumor therapeutic efficacy of Ph (10 mg/kg body weight) was determined in cells of the SCID mouse model that were treated in parallel with PTX (1 mg/kg body weight). The Hep G2-xenografted tumor volume was reduced more than fivefold in the Ph + PTX-treated mice compared to the PTX-treated group. These results suggest that Ph may be useful for cancer chemotherapy and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Down-regulation of c-Src/EGFR-mediated signaling activation is involved in the honokiol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 277:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Park EJ, Min HY, Chung HJ, Hong JY, Kang YJ, Hung TM, Youn UJ, Kim YS, Bae K, Kang SS, Lee SK. Down-regulation of c-Src/EGFR-mediated signaling activation is involved in the honokiol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.11.029
expr 942668522 + 914844521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Lee SJ, Park SS, Lee US, Kim WJ, Moon SK. Signaling pathway for TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression: mediation through p38 MAP kinase, and inhibition by anti-cancer molecule magnolol in human urinary bladder cancer 5637 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:1821-6. [PMID: 18801463 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the inhibition of MMP expression by magnolol in 5637 human urinary bladder cancer cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulated the secretion of MMP-9 in 5637 cells, as shown by zymography and promoter assay. The transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site was identified by gel-shift assay to be a cis-element for TNF-alpha activation of the MMP-9 promoter. Our results also demonstrated that TNF-alpha stimulates MMP-9 expression via the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway in 5637 cells. Moreover, p38 MAP kinase-mediated MMP-9 gene regulation in response to TNF-alpha is involved in the NF-kappaB response element in 5637 cells. In addition, magnolol inhibited TNF-alpha-induced expression of the MMP-9, as determined by zymography and immunoblot, in 5637 cells. The TNF-alpha-induced invasion and migration of cells was inhibited by magnolol, as assessed by a modified boyden chamber and wound-healing assays, respectively. Finally, magnolol blocked MMP-9 expression, at least in part, by decreasing the binding of transcription factor NF-kappaB to DNA. In conclusion, TNF-alpha induced MMP-9 expression in 5637 cells by activating the transcription factor NF-kappaB, which is involved in the p38 MAP kinase-mediated control of MMP-9 regulation. Magnolol inhibited MMP-9 expression through the transcription factor NF-kappaB in TNF-alpha-induced 5637 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jung Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Chungju National University, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-702, South Korea
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Lee SY, Yuk DY, Song HS, Yoon DY, Jung JK, Moon DC, Lee BS, Hong JT. Growth inhibitory effects of obovatol through induction of apoptotic cell death in prostate and colon cancer by blocking of NF-κB. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 582:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Tse AKW, Wan CK, Zhu GY, Shen XL, Cheung HY, Yang M, Fong WF. Magnolol suppresses NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB regulated gene expression through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2647-58. [PMID: 17240450 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mis-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signal pathway is involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases that leds to the production of inflammatory mediators. Our studies using human U937 promonocytes cells suggested that magnolol, a low molecular weight lignan isolated from the medicinal plant Magnolia officinalis, differentially down-regulated the pharmacologically induced expression of NF-kappaB-regulated inflammatory gene products MMP-9, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, TNF-alpha. Pre-treatment of magnolol blocked TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in different cell types as evidenced by EMSA. Magnolol did not directly affect the binding of p65/p50 heterodimer to DNA. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that magnolol inhibited the TNF-alpha-stimulated phosphorylation and degradation of the cytosolic NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaBalpha and the effects were dose-dependent. Mechanistically, a non-radioactive IkappaB kinases (IKK) assay using immunoprecipitated IKKs protein demonstrated that magnolol inhibited both intrinsic and TNF-alpha-stimulated IKK activity, thus suggesting a critical role of magnolol in abrogating the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. The involvement of IKK was further verified in a HeLa cell NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter system. In this system magnolol suppressed luciferase expression stimulated by TNF-alpha and by the transient transfection and expression of NIK (NF-kappaB-inducing kinase), wild type IKKbeta, constitutively active IKKalpha and IKKbeta, or the p65 subunit. Magnolol was also found to inhibit the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. In line with the observation that NF-kappaB activation may up-regulate anti-apoptotic genes, it was shown in U937 cells that magnolol enhanced TNF-alpha-induced apoptotic cell death. Our results suggest that magnolol or its derivatives may have potential anti-inflammatory actions through IKK inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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43
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Huang SH, Chen Y, Tung PY, Wu JC, Chen KH, Wu JM, Wang SM. Mechanisms for the magnolol-induced cell death of CGTH W-2 thyroid carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:1011-22. [PMID: 17390340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol, a substance purified from the bark of Magnolia officialis, inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to study the effects of magnolol on CGTH W-2 thyroid carcinoma cells. After 24 h treatment with 80 microM magnolol in serum-containing medium, about 50% of the cells exhibited apoptotic features and 20% necrotic features. Cytochrome-c staining was diffused in the cytoplasm of the apoptotic cells, but restricted to the mitochondria in control cells. Western blot analyses showed an increase in levels of activated caspases (caspase-3 and -7) and of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by magnolol. Concomitantly, immunostaining for apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) showed a time-dependent translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Inhibition of either PARP or caspase activity blocked magnolol-induced apoptosis, supporting the involvement of the caspases and PARP. In addition, magnolol activated phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and inactivated Akt by decreasing levels of phosphorylated PTEN and phosphorylated Akt. These data suggest that magnolol promoted apoptosis probably by alleviating the inhibitory effect of Akt on caspase 9. Furthermore, inhibition of PARP activity, but not of caspase activity, completely prevented magnolol-induced necrosis, suggesting the notion that it might be caused by depletion of intracellular ATP levels due to PARP activation. These results show that magnolol initiates apoptosis via the cytochrome-c/caspase 3/PARP/AIF and PTEN/Akt/caspase 9/PARP pathways and necrosis via PARP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Horng Huang
- Department of Surgery and Division of General Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Hsu YF, Lee TS, Lin SY, Hsu SP, Juan SH, Hsu YH, Zhong WB, Lee WS. Involvement of Ras/Raf-1/ERK actions in the magnolol-induced upregulation of p21 and cell-cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2007; 46:275-83. [PMID: 17295239 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that magnolol induces cell-cycle arrest in cultured colon and liver cancer cells through an upregulation of the p21 protein. The aim of this study was to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying this magnolol-induced increase of p21 protein. Thus our RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the mRNA levels of p21 were increased at 1 h after magnolol treatment and sustained for at least 24 h. The p21 promoter activity was also increased by magnolol treatment. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment of COLO-205 cells with magnolol increased the levels of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Pretreatment of the cells with PD98059 abolished the magnolol-induced upregulation of p21 protein, suggesting the involvement of an ERK pathway in the magnolol-induced upregulation of p21 in COLO-205 cells. Ras inhibitor peptide abolished the magnolol-induced increase of phosphorylated ERK protein levels, increase of p21 protein, and decrease of thymidine incorporation. Moreover, treatment of COLO-205 with magnolol increased the phosphorylated Raf-1 protein (the Ras target molecule). Pretreatment of the cells with Raf-1 inhibitor reversed the magnolol-induced decrease in thymidine incorporation. Treatment of the cells with CaM kinase inhibitor, but not protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor or phosphatidylinosital 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, abolished the magnolol-induced activation of ERK and decrease of thymidine incorporation. Taken together, our results suggest that magnolol activates ERK phosphorylation through a Ras/Raf-1-mediated pathway. Subsequently, p21 expression is increased, and finally thymidine incorporation is decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical College, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Uen YH, Liu DZ, Weng MS, Ho YS, Lin SY. NF-κB pathway is involved in griseofulvin-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in HL-60 cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 101:1165-75. [PMID: 17226769 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Griseofulvin (GF), an oral antifungal agent, has been shown to exert antitumorigenesis effect through G2/M cell cycle arrest in colon cancer cells. But the underlying mechanisms remained obscure. The purpose of this study is to test the cytotoxic effect of GF on HL-60 and HT-29 cells and elucidate its underlying molecular pathways. Dose-dependent and time-course studies by flow cytometry demonstrated that 30 to 60 microM GF significantly induced G2/M arrest and to a less extend, apoptosis, in HL-60 cells. In contrast, only G2/M arrest was observed in HT-29 cells under similar condition. Pretreatment of 30 microM TPCK, a serine protease inhibitor, completely reversed GF-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HL-60 cells but not in HT-29 cells. The GF-induced G2/M arrest in HL-60 cells is reversible. Using EMSA and super-shift analysis, we demonstrated that GF stimulated NF-kappaB binding activity in HL-60 cells, which was completely inhibited by pretreatment of TPCK. Treatment of HL-60 with 30 microM GF activated JNK but not ERK or p38 MAPK and subsequently resulted in phosphorylation of Bcl-2. Pretreatment of TPCK to HL-60 cells blocked the GF-induced Bcl-2 phosphorylation but not JNK activation. Time course study demonstrated that activation of cdc-2 kinase activity by GF correlated with Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of NF-kappaB pathway with cdc-2 activation and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 might be involved in G2/M cell cycle arrest in HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Huei Uen
- Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Foundational Medical Center, Yung-Kang City, Tainan, Taiwan
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46
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Chodon D, Banu SM, Padmavathi R, Sakthisekaran D. Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by genistein in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 297:73-80. [PMID: 17006617 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the world, with increasing incidence in many developed countries. Epidemiological data suggest that consumption of soy products may be associated with a decreased risk of cancer. We investigate the effects of genistein on cell proliferation, apoptosis and caspase-3 in DEN induced (200 mg/kg body weight; by single intraperitoneal injection) and Phenobarbital promoted (0.05% through drinking water for 14 successive weeks) cancer-bearing rats. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect cell proliferating markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), DNA fragmentation was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and terminal deoxynucleatide transferase dUTP nick labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 in genistein treated animals. From these results, we conclude that genistein inhibit cell proliferation, induced apoptosis. This activation of caspsase-3 in genistein treated liver cancer bearing animals correlated well with its apoptosis inducing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Chodon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic, Medical Science, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
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47
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Chen JS, Lin SY, Tso WL, Yeh GC, Lee WS, Tseng H, Chen LC, Ho YS. Checkpoint kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C and bad proteins are involved in antitumor effects of loratadine-induced G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:461-78. [PMID: 16649252 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first demonstrated that loratadine (LOR), a promising world widely used oral anti-histamine, effectively inhibits growth of tumors derived from human colon cancer cells (COLO 205) in an in vivo setting. In vitro study demonstrated that the anti-tumor effects of LOR in COLO 205 cells were mediated by causing G(2)/M phase cell growth cycle arrest and caspase 9-mediated apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest induced by LOR (75 microM, 24 h) was associated with a significant decrease in protein levels of cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc) 25B, and Cdc25C, leading to accumulation of Tyr-15-phosphorylated Cdc2 (inactive form). Interestingly, LOR (75 microM, for 4 h) treatment also resulted in a rapid and sustained phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser-216, leading to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm because of increased binding with 14-3-3. We further demonstrated that the LOR-induced Cdc25C (Ser-216) phosphorylation was blocked in the presence of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) specific inhibitor (SB-218078). The cells treated with LOR in the presence of Chk1 specific inhibitor (SB-218078) were then released from G(2)/M arrest into apoptosis. These results implied that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C plays a major role in response to LOR-mediated G(2)/M arrest. Although the Chk1-mediated cell growth arrest in response to DNA damage is well documented, our results presented in this study was the first report to describe the Chk1-mediated G(2)/M cell-cycle arrest by the histamine H1 antagonist, LOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Shiun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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48
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Patočka J, Jakl J, Strunecká A. Expectations of biologically active compounds of the genus Magnolia in biomedicine. J Appl Biomed 2006. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2006.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Yang KC, Wu CC, Wu CH, Chen JH, Chu CH, Chen CH, Chou YH, Wang YJ, Lee WS, Tseng H, Lin SY, Lee CH, Ho YS. Involvement of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members in terbinafine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HL60 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:214-26. [PMID: 16125830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Terbinafine (TB, lamisil), a promising world widely used oral-anti-fungal agent, has been used in the treatment of superficial mycosis. In this study, we found that apoptosis but not cell growth arrest was induced by TB (1 microM, for 24 h) in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells. The apoptotic effect induced by TB in the HL60 cell was not through the general differentiation mechanisms evidenced by evaluation of three recognized markers, including CD11b, CD33, and morphological features. In addition, our results also revealed that TB-induced apoptosis was not through the cellular surface CD 95 receptor-mediated signaling pathway. We found that the mitochondria membrane in the TB-treated HL60 cells was dissipated by decreasing of the electrochemical gradient (DeltaPsi(m)) led to leakage of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. Such effects were completely blocked by in vitro transfection of the HL60 cells with Bcl-2 overexpression plasmid (HL60/Bcl-2). However, our data found that TB-mediated apoptosis could not be completely prevented in the Bcl-2 over expressed (HL60/Bcl-2) cells. Such results implied that additional mediators (such as caspase-9) other than mitochondria membrane permeability might contribute to the TB-induced cellular apoptosis signaling. This hypothesis was supported by the evidence that administration of caspases-9 specific inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk) blocked the TB-induced apoptosis. Our studies highlight the molecular mechanisms of TB-induced apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memory Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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50
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Ho YS, Wu CH, Chou HM, Wang YJ, Tseng H, Chen CH, Chen LC, Lee CH, Lin SY. Molecular mechanisms of econazole-induced toxicity on human colon cancer cells: G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and caspase 8-independent apoptotic signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2005; 43:1483-95. [PMID: 15919146 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Revised: 03/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Econazole (Eco), a potent broad-spectrum anti-fungal agent, has been used in the treatment of superficial mycosis. Eco is a store-operated Ca2+ channel antagonist which induces cytotoxic cell death of leukemia. However, little is known about its cytotoxic effect upon solid tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the in vitro and in vivo molecular mechanisms of Eco-induced toxicity on colon cancer cells. We used COLO 205 cell line and nude mice xenograft model to investigate the cytotoxic effect of Eco. We demonstrated that lower doses Eco (5-20 microM) arrested human colon cancer cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The protein levels of p53, p21/Cip1, and p27/Kip1 were significantly elevated while CDK2 and CDK4 kinase activity were significantly suppressed by Eco treatment in COLO 205 cells. At higher doses (40-60 microM), Eco induced COLO 205 cells apoptosis evidenced by ladder formation in DNA fragmentation assay and sub-G1 peak in flow cytometry analysis. Western blot analysis showed that caspases 3, 9 but not 8 were activated by high dose Eco treatment to the COLO 205 cells accompanied with cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation. Significant anti-tumorigenesis effect was further demonstrated in vivo by treating nude mice bearing COLO 205 tumor xenografts with Eco 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Our findings highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the Eco-induced toxicity on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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