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Lu J, He AX, Jin ZY, Zhang M, Li ZX, Zhou F, Ma L, Jin HM, Wang JY, Shen X. Desloratadine alleviates ALS-like pathology in hSOD1 G93A mice via targeting 5HTR 2A on activated spinal astrocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:926-944. [PMID: 38286832 PMCID: PMC11053015 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, cerebral cortex and brain stem. ALS is characterized by gradual muscle atrophy and dyskinesia. The limited knowledge on the pathology of ALS has impeded the development of therapeutics for the disease. Previous studies have shown that autophagy and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, while 5HTR2A participates in the early stage of astrocyte activation, and 5HTR2A antagonism may suppress astrocyte activation. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of desloratadine (DLT), a selective 5HTR2A antagonist, in human SOD1G93A (hSOD1G93A) ALS model mice, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. HSOD1G93A mice were administered DLT (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) from the age of 8 weeks for 10 weeks or until death. ALS onset time and lifespan were determined using rotarod and righting reflex tests, respectively. We found that astrocyte activation accompanying with serotonin receptor 2 A (5HTR2A) upregulation in the spinal cord was tightly associated with ALS-like pathology, which was effectively attenuated by DLT administration. We showed that DLT administration significantly delayed ALS symptom onset time, prolonged lifespan and ameliorated movement disorders, gastrocnemius injury and spinal motor neuronal loss in hSOD1G93A mice. Spinal cord-specific knockdown of 5HTR2A by intrathecal injection of adeno-associated virus9 (AAV9)-si-5Htr2a also ameliorated ALS pathology in hSOD1G93A mice, and occluded the therapeutic effects of DLT administration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DLT administration promoted autophagy to reduce mutant hSOD1 levels through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK pathway, suppressed oxidative stress through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, and inhibited astrocyte neuroinflammation through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice. In summary, 5HTR2A antagonism shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for ALS, highlighting the potential of DLT in the treatment of the disease. DLT as a 5HTR2A antagonist effectively promoted autophagy to reduce mutant hSOD1 level through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK pathway, suppressed oxidative stress through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, and inhibited astrocytic neuroinflammation through 5HTR2A/cAMP/AMPK/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - An-Xu He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhuo-Ying Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hong-Ming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Diseases, School of Medicine & Holistic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Xu Z, You Y, Bai S, Wang L, Liu C. Microliquid/Liquid Interfacial Sensors: Biomimetic Investigation of Transmembrane Mechanisms and Real-Time Determinations of Clemastine, Cyproheptadine, Epinastine, Cetirizine, and Desloratadine. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6599-6608. [PMID: 38640514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Antihistamines relieve allergic symptoms by inhibiting the action of histamine. Further understanding of antihistamine transmembrane mechanisms and optimizing the selectivity and real-time monitoring capabilities of drug sensors is necessary. In this study, a micrometer liquid/liquid (L/L) interfacial sensor has served as a biomimetic membrane to investigate the mechanism of interfacial transfer of five antihistamines, i.e., clemastine (CLE), cyproheptadine (CYP), epinastine (EPI), desloratadine (DSL), and cetirizine (CET), and realize the real-time determinations. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques have been used to uncover the electrochemical transfer behavior of the five antihistamines at the L/L interface. Additionally, finite element simulations (FEMs) have been employed to reveal the thermodynamics and kinetics of the process. Visualization of antihistamine partitioning in two phases at different pH values can be realized by ion partition diagrams (IPDs). The IPDs also reveal the transfer mechanism at the L/L interface and provide effective lipophilicity at different pH values. Real-time determinations of these antihistamines have been achieved through potentiostatic chronoamperometry (I-t), exhibiting good selectivity with the addition of nine common organic or inorganic compounds in living organisms and revealing the potential for in vivo pharmacokinetics. Besides providing a satisfactory surrogate for studying the transmembrane mechanism of antihistamines, this work also sheds light on micro- and nano L/L interfacial sensors for in vivo analysis of pharmacokinetics at a single-cell or single-organelle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yongtao You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Silan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Chu Z, Cen L, Xu Q, Lin G, Mo J, Shao L, Zhao Y, Li J, Ye W, Fang T, Ren W, Zhu Q, He G, Xu Y. Discovery of the novel and potent histamine H1 receptor antagonists for treatment of allergic diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116197. [PMID: 38368709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Desloratadine, a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, has established itself as a first-line drug for the treatment of allergic diseases. Despite its effectiveness, desloratadine exhibits an antagonistic effect on muscarinic M3 receptor, which can cause side effects such as dry mouth and urinary retention, ultimately limiting its clinical application. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound Ⅲ-4, a novel H1 receptor antagonist with significant H1 receptor antagonistic activity (IC50 = 24.12 nM) and enhanced selectivity towards peripheral H1 receptor. In particular, Ⅲ-4 exhibits reduced M3 receptor inhibitory potency (IC50 > 10,000 nM) and acceptable hERG inhibitory activity (17.6 ± 2.1 μM) compare with desloratadine. Additionally, Ⅲ-4 exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic properties, as well as in vivo efficacy and safety profiles. All of these reveal that Ⅲ-4 has potential to emerge as a novel H1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic diseases. More importantly, the compound Ⅲ-4 (HY-078020) has recently been granted clinical approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Lifang Cen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qinlong Xu
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Gaofeng Lin
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jiajia Mo
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Li Shao
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wenfeng Ye
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Weijie Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guangwei He
- Hefei Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Yungen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Viering B, Balogh H, Cox CF, Kirpekar OK, Akers AL, Federico VA, Valenzano GZ, Stempel R, Pickett HL, Lundin PM, Blackledge MS, Miller HB. Loratadine Combats Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Modulating Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Genes. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:232-250. [PMID: 38153409 PMCID: PMC10788911 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has evolved to become resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. New antibiotics are costly to develop and deploy, and they have a limited effective lifespan. Antibiotic adjuvants are molecules that potentiate existing antibiotics through nontoxic mechanisms. We previously reported that loratadine, the active ingredient in Claritin, potentiates multiple cell-wall active antibiotics in vitro and disrupts biofilm formation through a hypothesized inhibition of the master regulatory kinase Stk1. Loratadine and oxacillin combined repressed the expression of key antibiotic resistance genes in the bla and mec operons. We hypothesized that additional genes involved in antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and other cellular pathways would be modulated when looking transcriptome-wide. To test this, we used RNA-seq to quantify transcript levels and found significant effects in gene expression, including genes controlling virulence, antibiotic resistance, metabolism, transcription (core RNA polymerase subunits and sigma factors), and translation (a plethora of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and elongation factor Tu). We further demonstrated the impacts of these transcriptional effects by investigating loratadine treatment on intracellular ATP levels, persister formation, and biofilm formation and morphology. Loratadine minimized biofilm formation in vitro and enhanced the survival of infected Caenorhabditis elegans. These pleiotropic effects and their demonstrated outcomes on MRSA virulence and survival phenotypes position loratadine as an attractive anti-infective against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna
L. Viering
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Halie Balogh
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Chloe F. Cox
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Owee K. Kirpekar
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - A. Luke Akers
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Victoria A. Federico
- Department
of Biology, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Gabriel Z. Valenzano
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Robin Stempel
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Hannah L. Pickett
- Department
of Biology, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Pamela M. Lundin
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Meghan S. Blackledge
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Heather B. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
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Liu X, Zhong R, Huang J, Chen Z, Xu H, Lin L, Cai Q, He M, Lao S, Deng H, Li C, Li J, Zheng Y, Liu X, Zeng R, He J, Liang W. Loratidine is associated with improved prognosis and exerts antineoplastic effects via apoptotic and pyroptotic crosstalk in lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:5. [PMID: 38163866 PMCID: PMC10759632 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated inflammation suggests that anti-inflammatory medication could be beneficial in cancer therapy. Loratadine, an antihistamine, has demonstrated improved survival in certain cancers. However, the anticancer mechanisms of loratadine in lung cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the anticancer mechanisms of loratadine in lung cancer. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 4,522 lung cancer patients from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed to identify noncancer drug exposures associated with prognosis. Cellular experiments, animal models, and RNA-seq data analysis were employed to validate the findings and explore the antitumor effects of loratadine. RESULTS This retrospective study revealed a positive association between loratadine administration and ameliorated survival outcomes in lung cancer patients, exhibiting dose dependency. Rigorous in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that apoptosis induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reduction were stimulated by moderate loratadine concentrations, whereas pyroptosis was triggered by elevated dosages. Intriguingly, loratadine was found to augment PPARγ levels, which acted as a gasdermin D transcription promoter and caspase-8 activation enhancer. Consequently, loratadine might incite a sophisticated interplay between apoptosis and pyroptosis, facilitated by the pivotal role of caspase-8. CONCLUSION Loratadine use is linked to enhanced survival in lung cancer patients, potentially due to its role in modulating the interplay between apoptosis and pyroptosis via caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ran Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zisheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, 511500, China
| | - Haoxiang Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lixuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shen Lao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Caichen Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianfu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Riqi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Jingxiu Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, 526000, China.
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AlMasoud N, Bakheit AH, Alshammari MFM, Abdel-Aziz HA, AlRabiah H. Loratadine. Profiles Drug Subst Excip Relat Methodol 2022; 47:55-90. [PMID: 35396016 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Loratadine, 4-(8-Chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester, is an antihistamine drug with long-acting effects and has limited selectivity for peripheral H1 receptors. It is widely used for the prevention of allergic diseases such as rhinitis chronic urticaria, and asthma. This chapter discusses, by a critical extensive review of the literature, the description of loratadine in terms of its names, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, methods of preparation. The profile contains physicochemical properties of Loratadine, including pKa value, solubility and X-ray powder diffraction. In addition, it involves Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy for functional groups and structural confirmation of. The chapter also includes methods of analysis of the drug such as compendial, titrimetric, electrochemical, spectroscopic, chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic methods. The chapter also covers clinical applications of the drug such as its uses, doses, ADME profiles and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla AlMasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Munif Farhan M Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Haitham AlRabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wen Y, Tang Y, Li M, Lai Y. Efficiency and safety of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:1276-1285. [PMID: 34517748 PMCID: PMC8451672 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1973039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Desloratadine, an H1 receptor antagonist, is suggested as an effective first-line drug for chronic urticarial (CU). However, the efficacy of desloratadine alone is limited, and the recurrence rate of CU is relatively high. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the efficacy and clinical feasibility of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of CU. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in the databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science using subject terms: "Chronic urticaria", "Loratadine", and "Compound glycyrrhizin". Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficiency and safety of the combination treatment with desloratadine alone starting from January 1, 2014 until February 10, 2021 were selected by two co-first authors independently, and the extracted data were analysed using Rev Man 5.3 software. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 1501 patients. The results showed that the combination treatment yielded a better treatment effect (total response rate: RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.29, p < 0.00001; cure rate: RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.73, p < 0.00001), lower recurrence rate as well as superior immune improvement than the treatment with desloratadine alone. In addition, there was no significant difference in the safety of the two treatments. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The combination of desloratadine and compound glycyrrhizin is a promising treatment for CU and is associated with decreased serum IgE level and improved proportions of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yidan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaoyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Mohamad SA, Safwat MA, Elrehany M, Maher SA, Badawi AM, Mansour HF. A novel nasal co-loaded loratadine and sulpiride nanoemulsion with improved downregulation of TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-1 in rabbit models of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:229-239. [PMID: 33501873 PMCID: PMC7850330 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1872741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The work aimed to develop a co-loaded loratadine and sulpiride nasal nanoemulsion for allergic rhinitis management. METHODS Compatibility studies were conducted adopting differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nanoemulsion formulations were prepared using soybean lecithin, olive oil and tween 80. Sodium cholate and glycerol were employed as co-surfactants. Nanoemulsions were assessed for viscosity, pH, droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, electrical conductivity, entrapment, In vitro drug release and corresponding kinetics. Stability of the selected formulation was investigated. The biological effectiveness was evaluated in rabbit models of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis by measuring TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-1. RESULTS Compatibility studies revealed absence of drug/drug interactions. Nanoemulsions exhibited > 90% entrapment efficiency. The selected nanoemulsion demonstrated small droplet size (85.2 ± 0.2 nm), low PDI (0.35 ± 0.0) and appropriate Zeta Potential (-23.3 ± 0.2) and stability. It also displayed enhanced in vitro drug release following the Higuashi Diffusion and Baker-Lonsdale models. The mean relative mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1 and TGF-β significantly decreased from 9.59 ± 1.06, 4.15 ± 0.02 and 4.15 ± 0.02 to 1.28 ± 0.02, 1.93 ± 0.06 and 1.56 ± 0.02 respectively after treatment with the selected nanoemulsion formulation. CONCLUSION The results reflected a promising potent effect of the combined loratadine and sulpiride nasal nanoemulsion in managing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad A. Mohamad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Safwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Badawi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Heba F. Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Shaabani E, Sharifiaghdam M, Lammens J, De Keersmaecker H, Vervaet C, De Beer T, Motevaseli E, Ghahremani MH, Mansouri P, De Smedt S, Raemdonck K, Faridi-Majidi R, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Increasing Angiogenesis Factors in Hypoxic Diabetic Wound Conditions by siRNA Delivery: Additive Effect of LbL-Gold Nanocarriers and Desloratadine-Induced Lysosomal Escape. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9216. [PMID: 34502144 PMCID: PMC8431033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in people with diabetes has multifactorial causes, with insufficient neovascularization being one of the most important. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays a central role in the hypoxia-induced response by activating angiogenesis factors. As its activity is under precise regulatory control of prolyl-hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD-2), downregulation of PHD-2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) could stabilize HIF-1α and, therefore, upregulate the expression of pro-angiogenic factors as well. Intracellular delivery of siRNA can be achieved with nanocarriers that must fulfill several requirements, including high stability, low toxicity, and high transfection efficiency. Here, we designed and compared the performance of layer-by-layer self-assembled siRNA-loaded gold nanoparticles with two different outer layers-Chitosan (AuNP@CS) and Poly L-arginine (AuNP@PLA). Although both formulations have exactly the same core, we find that a PLA outer layer improves the endosomal escape of siRNA, and therefore, transfection efficiency, after endocytic uptake in NIH-3T3 cells. Furthermore, we found that endosomal escape of AuNP@PLA could be improved further when cells were additionally treated with desloratadine, thus outperforming commercial reagents such as Lipofectamine® and jetPRIME®. AuNP@PLA in combination with desloratadine was proven to induce PHD-2 silencing in fibroblasts, allowing upregulation of pro-angiogenic pathways. This finding in an in vitro context constitutes a first step towards improving diabetic wound healing with siRNA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (J.L.); (C.V.)
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C. Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.S.); (M.S.); (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (K.R.); (J.C.F.)
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Troyanova-Wood M, Gobbell C, Meng Z, Gasheva O, Gashev A, Yakovlev VV. Assessing the effect of prolonged use of desloratadine on adipose Brillouin shift and composition in rats. J Biophotonics 2021; 14:e202000269. [PMID: 32951319 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antihistamines, which are commonly used to treat allergic reactions, are known for their side effects, which contribute to weight gain. It is hypothesized that simultaneous Brillouin elastography and Raman spectroscopy can be used to detect changes in adipose tissue associated with a prolonged intake of desloratadine, a commonly used second generation antihistamine. White and brown adipose tissue samples were excised from adult rats following 16 weeks of daily administration of desloratadine. It was found that the prolonged intake of desloratadine leads to an increase in Brillouin shift in both adipose tissue types. Raman spectra indicate that antihistamine use reduces protein-to-lipid ratio in brown adipose tissue but not white adipose tissue, indicating the effect on adipose tissue is location-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaokai Meng
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Olga Gasheva
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Anatoliy Gashev
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
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Sayé M, Gauna L, Valera-Vera E, Reigada C, Miranda MR, Pereira CA. Crystal violet structural analogues identified by in silico drug repositioning present anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity through inhibition of proline transporter TcAAAP069. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007481. [PMID: 31961864 PMCID: PMC6994103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crystal violet (CV) was used for several years in blood banks to eliminate the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in endemic areas in order to prevent transfusion-transmitted Chagas disease. One mechanism of action described for CV involves inhibition of proline uptake. In T. cruzi, proline is essential for host cell infection and intracellular differentiation among other processes, and can be obtained through the proline permease TcAAAP069. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS CV inhibited proline transporter TcAAAP069 and parasites overexpressing this permease were 47-fold more sensitive to this compound than control parasites. Using CV as reference molecule, loratadine, cyproheptadine, olanzapine and clofazimine were identified as structurally related compounds to CV (structural analogues) by in silico drug repurposing through a similarity-based virtual screening protocol. All these already-approved drugs for clinical use inhibited TcAAAP069 activity with different efficacies and also presented trypanocidal action in epimastigotes, trypomastigotes and amastigotes of the Y, CL Brener and Dm28c T. cruzi strains. Finally, a synergistic effect between benznidazole and the CV chemical analogues was evidenced by combination and dose-reduction indexes values in epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of the Y strain. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Loratadine, cyproheptadine and clofazimine inhibit TcAAAP069 proline transporter and also present trypanocidal effect against all T. cruzi life stages in strains from three different DTUs. These CV structural analogues could be a starting point to design therapeutic alternatives to treat Chagas disease by finding new indications for old drugs. This approach, called drug repurposing is a recommended strategy by the World Health Organization to treat neglected diseases, like Chagas disease, and combination therapy may improve the possibility of success of repositioned drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Sayé
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Gauna
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edward Valera-Vera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chantal Reigada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana R. Miranda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio A. Pereira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas A. Lanari, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IDIM), Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Desloratadine, a third-generation antihistamine, is claimed to cause fewer central nervous system (CNS) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than antihistamines of the first- and second-generation. While literature is inconclusive regarding the possible CNS effects, symptoms like somnolence and hallucinations are acknowledged ADRs of desloratadine, indeed suggesting some passage of this drug across the blood-brain barrier. Depression is currently not described as an ADR in the approved desloratadine product labelling. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a joint signal detection workshop with the Uppsala Monitoring Centre and the Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, case reports of suspected drug-ADR associations were analysed. RESULTS Forty-nine unique case reports of desloratadine associated with depression or depressed mood were detected in the WHO global ADR database. In these reports, the median time to onset of depression was three days. Most patients recovered after withdrawal of desloratadine, and in five patients the symptoms of depression recurred after re-administration of desloratadine. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that desloratadine may enter the CNS and that it hence in rare cases may cause a clinically relevant state of depression, a relation that patients and their treating physicians should be made aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeltje Boer
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
- CONTACT Jeltje BoerGoudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Ederveen
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, ’s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Grundmark
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Zhu Y, You X, Huang K, Raza F, Lu X, Chen Y, Dhinakar A, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Wu J, Ge L. Effect of taste masking technology on fast dissolving oral film: dissolution rate and bioavailability. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:304001. [PMID: 29694333 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fast dissolving oral film is a stamp-style, drug-loaded polymer film with rapid disintegration and dissolution. This new kind of drug delivery system requires effective taste masking technology. Suspension intermediate and liposome intermediate were prepared, respectively, for the formulation of two kinds of fast dissolving oral films with the aim of studying the effect of taste masking technology on the bioavailability of oral films. Loratadine was selected as the model drug. The surface pH of the films was close to neutral, avoiding oral mucosal irritation or side effects. The thickness of a 2 cm × 2 cm suspension oral film containing 10 mg of loratadine was 100 μm. Electron microscope analysis showed that liposomes were spherical before and after re-dissolution, and drugs with obvious bitterness could be masked by the encapsulation of liposomes. Dissolution of the two films was superior to that of the commercial tablets. Rat pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the oral bioavailability of the suspension film was significantly higher than that of the commercial tablets, and the relative bioavailability of the suspension film was 175%. Liposomal film produced a certain amount of improvement in bioavailability, but lower than that of the suspension film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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14
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Antonijoan R, Coimbra J, García-Gea C, Puntes M, Gich I, Campo C, Valiente R, Labeaga L. Comparative efficacy of bilastine, desloratadine and rupatadine in the suppression of wheal and flare response induced by intradermal histamine in healthy volunteers. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:129-136. [PMID: 27659218 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1240665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the peripheral antihistaminic activity of bilastine, rupatadine and desloratadine in inhibiting the histamine-induced wheal and flare (W&F) response. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four healthy volunteers aged 18-40 years participated in this crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Subjects received single doses of bilastine 20 mg, desloratadine 5 mg, rupatadine 10 mg and placebo. W&F responses induced by intradermal injection of histamine 5 μg were evaluated before treatment (basal value) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Fifteen minutes after histamine injection, W&F surface areas (cm2) were quantified using the Visitrak System. Itching sensation was evaluated using a 100 mm visual analog scale. EudraCT number: 2015-000790-13. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the percentage reduction in W&F areas after each active treatment compared with corresponding basal values. RESULTS Bilastine induced the greatest inhibition in wheal area and was significantly superior to desloratadine and rupatadine from 1 to 12 hours (both p < .001). Rupatadine and desloratadine were better than placebo without differences between them. Maximum wheal inhibition occurred at 6 hours (bilastine 83%, desloratadine 38%, rupatadine 37%). Onset of action was 1 hour for bilastine and 4 hours for desloratadine and rupatadine. Bilastine was significantly superior to desloratadine and rupatadine for flare inhibition from 1-24 hours (both p < .001) with an onset of action at 30 minutes. Bilastine was significantly better than desloratadine (2-12 hours; at least p < .05) and rupatadine (2-9 hours; at least p < .01) for reducing itching sensation. Neither desloratadine nor rupatadine significantly reduced itching compared to placebo. All active treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Bilastine 20 mg induced significantly greater inhibition of the W&F response compared with desloratadine 5 mg and rupatadine 10 mg throughout the 24 hour study period, and had the fastest onset of action. Only bilastine significantly reduced itching sensation versus placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Antonijoan
- a Drug Research Center (CIM), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
- b Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Jimena Coimbra
- a Drug Research Center (CIM), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Consuelo García-Gea
- a Drug Research Center (CIM), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Puntes
- a Drug Research Center (CIM), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignasi Gich
- a Drug Research Center (CIM), Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) , Barcelona , Spain
- b Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Bellaterra , Spain
| | - Cristina Campo
- c Clinical Research Department , Faes Farma SA , Leioa , Bizkaia , Spain
| | - Román Valiente
- c Clinical Research Department , Faes Farma SA , Leioa , Bizkaia , Spain
| | - Luis Labeaga
- c Clinical Research Department , Faes Farma SA , Leioa , Bizkaia , Spain
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Moore K, Haroz R. When Hydromorphone Is Not Working, Try Loratadine: An Emergency Department Case of Loratadine as Abortive Therapy for Severe Pegfilgrastim-Induced Bone Pain. J Emerg Med 2016; 52:e29-e31. [PMID: 27751704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intractable bone pain is a notorious adverse effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSFs), such as pegfilgrastim and filgrastim, which are given to help prevent neutropenia in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy. G-CSF-induced bone pain is surprisingly common and often refractory to treatment with conventional analgesics. CASE REPORT This article describes an emergency department case of opiate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-resistant pegfilgrastim-induced bone pain that was successfully alleviated with 10 mg of oral loratadine, allowing for discharge home. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case suggests that loratadine may be an easy to implement, safe, and effective therapy in the emergency department management of intractable bone pain caused by G-CSF use. Emergency physicians should be aware that loratadine may successfully relieve otherwise intractable G-CSF-induced bone pain and allow for discharge home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Moore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Rachel Haroz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey; Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Medical Toxicology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey
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Wang XR, Zhou C, Zhong ZD, Duan Q, Du AY, Jing G. [Effect of Modified Danggui Yinzi on Delayed Allergy in Model Mice with Qi-Blood Deficiency Syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2016; 36:345-347. [PMID: 27236894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of Danggui Yinzi (DY) on delayed allergy in model mice with qi-blood deficiency syndrome (QBDS). METHODS QBDS model was established in 48 Kuming mice of SPF grade by using reserpine and acetophenone hydrazine. Forty of them were then randomly divided into the model group, the loratadine group, the high dose DY group, the middle dose DY group, and the low dose DY group, 8 in each group. Another 8 in line with the same standard were recruited as a blank group. Mice in high, middle, and low dose DY groups were administered with DY concentrated solution at 60, 30, 15 g/kg by gastrogavage. Mice in the loratadine group were administered with loratadine solution at 1.66 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to mice in the model group and the blank group by gastrogavage. All medication was given once per day for 1 successive week. Except those in the blank group, the rest mice were evenly smeared with 1% DNCB solution on the abdomen. Five days after skin allergy, 1% DNCB solution was smeared to right ear of all mice to stimulate allergic reaction. Mice in the blank group were smeared in the same way without allergenic reaction. The auricle swelling and the inhibition ratio were determined at 24 h after attack. Blood was collected from orbit and serum IgE level detected using double-antibody sandwich ELISA. RESULTS Compared with the blank group, auricle swelling obviously increased and serum IgE level was obviously elevated in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, auricle swelling obviously decreased and serum IgE level was obviously reduced in the 3 dose DY groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the auricle swelling degree was superior in high and middle dose DY groups to that in the loratadine group (P < 0.05). The inhibition ratio of auricle swelling was sequenced from high to low as 67.3% in the high dose DY group, 56.0% in the middle dose DY group, 48.1% in the low dose DY group, 47.3% in the loratadine group. CONCLUSIONS DY could inhibit auricle swelling and lower serum IgE level. It also could inhibit delayed allergic reaction in model mice with QBDS to some extent.
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Dovbynchuk TV, Chervinska TM, Zakordonets LV, Тоlstanova GM. THE ROLE OF HISTAMINE IN THE MECHANISM OF ANTIBIOTIC-INDUCED CHANGES IN COLONIC ION AND WATER TRANSPORT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 29537207 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The first time the role of histamine and H1-histamine receptors in the mechanisms of ceftriaxone-induced diarrhea in rats. Investigation of the flow of water and electrolytes through the epithelium of the colon performed male rats Wistar (180-250 g), isolated area by perfusion in vivo, for the actions of ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg intramuscularly), histamine (1,8; 3,6; 7,2 mg/ kg, introperytonealno, and 3,6 mg*kg-1 *h-1 intravenously) and loratadine (1,7 mg/kg, per os). Histamine intravenous administration, similar to ceftriaxone, makes a pro-secretory effect on the transport of water and sodium. Blockade of H1-histamine receptors loratadine prevents clinical signs ceftriaxone-induced diarrhea that accompanied the restoration of total water flow indicators and potassium through the epithelium of the colon of rats. Loratadine can be recommended for the prevention of diarrhea antybiotykasotsiyovanoyi not infectious etiology.
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Boosalis MS, Sangerman JI, White GL, Wolf RF, Shen L, Dai Y, White E, Makala LH, Li B, Pace BS, Nouraie M, Faller DV, Perrine SP. Novel Inducers of Fetal Globin Identified through High Throughput Screening (HTS) Are Active In Vivo in Anemic Baboons and Transgenic Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144660. [PMID: 26713848 PMCID: PMC4694699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-level fetal (γ) globin expression ameliorates clinical severity of the beta (β) hemoglobinopathies, and safe, orally-bioavailable γ-globin inducing agents would benefit many patients. We adapted a LCR-γ-globin promoter-GFP reporter assay to a high-throughput robotic system to evaluate five diverse chemical libraries for this activity. Multiple structurally- and functionally-diverse compounds were identified which activate the γ-globin gene promoter at nanomolar concentrations, including some therapeutics approved for other conditions. Three candidates with established safety profiles were further evaluated in erythroid progenitors, anemic baboons and transgenic mice, with significant induction of γ-globin expression observed in vivo. A lead candidate, Benserazide, emerged which demonstrated > 20-fold induction of γ-globin mRNA expression in anemic baboons and increased F-cell proportions by 3.5-fold in transgenic mice. Benserazide has been used chronically to inhibit amino acid decarboxylase to enhance plasma levels of L-dopa. These studies confirm the utility of high-throughput screening and identify previously unrecognized fetal globin inducing candidates which can be developed expediently for treatment of hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Boosalis
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jose I. Sangerman
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gary L. White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Roman F. Wolf
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ling Shen
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yan Dai
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emily White
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Levi H. Makala
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Biaoru Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Betty S. Pace
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Nouraie
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Phoenicia BioSciences, Weston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan P. Perrine
- Cancer Center and Hemoglobinopathy Thalassemia Research Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Phoenicia BioSciences, Weston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chakraborty P, Dey S, Parcha V, Bhattacharya SS, Ghosh A. Design expert supported mathematical optimization and predictability study of buccoadhesive pharmaceutical wafers of Loratadine. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013:197398. [PMID: 23781498 PMCID: PMC3679693 DOI: 10.1155/2013/197398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work encompasses the application of the response surface approach in the development of buccoadhesive pharmaceutical wafers of Loratadine (LOR). METHODS Experiments were performed according to a 3(2) factorial design to evaluate the effects of buccoadhesive polymer, sodium alginate (A), and lactose monohydrate as ingredient, of hydrophilic matrix former (B) on the bioadhesive force, disintegration time, percent (%) swelling index, and time taken for 70% drug release (t(70%)). The effect of the two independent variables on the response variables was studied by response surface plots and contour plots generated by the Design-Expert software. The desirability function was used to optimize the response variables. RESULTS The compatibility between LOR and the wafer excipients was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Bioadhesion force, measured with TAXT2i texture analyzer, showed that the wafers had a good bioadhesive property which could be advantageous for retaining the drug into the buccal cavity. CONCLUSION The observed responses taken were in agreement with the experimental values, and Loratadine wafers were produced with less experimental trials, and a patient compliant product was achieved with the concept of formulation by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithviraj Chakraborty
- Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, West Bengal University of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
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Gupta S, Banfield C, Kantesaria B, Flannery B, Herron J. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Desloratadine and Fluoxetine in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 44:1252-9. [PMID: 15496643 DOI: 10.1177/0091270004269518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors assessed the potential for a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction between desloratadine and fluoxetine. This randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label study was conducted in 54 healthy volunteers. Subjects received 1 of 3 treatments: desloratadine 5 mg plus fluoxetine 20 mg, desloratadine 5 mg plus placebo, or fluoxetine 20 mg plus placebo. Serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) were performed at baseline and day 35. Treatment effects on C(max) and AUC were assessed. During coadministration of desloratadine with fluoxetine, the ratio of the mean log-transformed C(max) and AUC values for desloratadine following concomitant fluoxetine therapy revealed a small increase in C(max) values of 15% (90% confidence interval [CI], 95%-139%) but no increase for AUC values (90% CI, 82%-123%). Corresponding values for 3-OH desloratadine demonstrated small increases in mean log-transformed C(max) and AUC ratios: 17% (90% CI, 100%-136%) and 13% (90% CI, 96%-132%), respectively. Statistical evaluation of the ratio of the mean C(max) and AUC values for fluoxetine following concomitant desloratadine therapy revealed small decreases of 9% (90% CI, 72%-115%) and 11% (90% CI, 69%-113%), respectively. Corresponding values for norfluoxetine demonstrated modest increases in mean log-transformed C(max) and AUC ratios: 22% (90% CI, 100%-139%) and 18% (90% CI, 101%-136%), respectively. Coadministration of desloratadine with a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6 did not result in clinically relevant changes in its pharmacokinetic parameters. Desloratadine administration was not associated with clinically important changes in the pharmacokinetics of fluoxetine, a drug metabolized by CYP2D6. The most common adverse event in all groups was headache (65%). Desloratadine plus fluoxetine caused no significant changes in ECGs or ventricular rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Gupta
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, K15-22745, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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21
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Chen XJ, Chen LL, Shi X, Xie LX, Leng H, Ji J, Lu DD. The effect of desloratadine on patch test reactions in Chinese patients. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2012; 30:209-213. [PMID: 23156851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data on the effect of antihistamines on patch test results in Chinese patients are currently available. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of desloratadine on patch test reactions. METHODS Patients known to have at least one strongly positive (+ +) test with an allergen were re-patch tested after 14 to 70 days (average time interval 26.3 days) of administering oral desloratadine 5 mg twice a day for 5 days before and during the test. Patch testing was performed with the previously recognized allergen according to the guidelines of the ICDRG. The -to + + + system was converted into numeric values (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) for statistic evaluation. RESULTS Of the 58 chambers (47 patients), which were all strongly positive (+ +) during the 1st patch test, the situation was unchanged in 51 chambers; 4 + reactions and 2 + + + reactions were observed; and 1 chamber was negative. There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the scores of the 1st assessment with those of the 2nd (p = 0.206). If the patch test reaction of the patient who dropped out of the trial had changed from strongly positive (+ +) to negative, there would still have been no statistically significant difference between the score of the 1st assessment with those of the 2nd ( p = 0.107). CONCLUSIONS The reaction of a patch test is not hampered by doubling dose of desloratadine. The anti-inflammatory effects of desloratadine on patch test reaction may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, China
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Wang Y, Wang J, Lin Y, Si-Ma LF, Wang DH, Chen LG, Liu DK. Synthesis and antihistamine evaluations of novel loratadine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4454-6. [PMID: 21733682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of loratadine analogues containing hydroxyl group and chiral center were synthesized. The effect of the synthesized compounds on the histamine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ileum muscles was studied. In addition, the in vivo asthma-relieving effect of the analogues in the histamine induced asthmatic reaction in guinea-pigs was determined. Most of the compounds exhibited definite H(1) antihistamine activity. The S-enantiomers, compounds 2, 4 and 8, are more potent than the R-enantiomers, compounds 1, 3 and 7. Compound 6 was the most active one among the eight synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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Yan ZQ, Zhang RX, Yu SQ, Wen W, Hong JK, Zhang J, Shao XL, Gao SH. [Effect of histamine H4 receptor and its antagonist on allergic rhinitis in rats]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2010; 45:477-480. [PMID: 21055325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the effect of histamine H4 receptor antagonist, JNJ 7777120, and histamine H1 receptor antagonist, Loratadine, on allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats and to study the role of histamine H4 receptor antagonist and histamine H1 receptor antagonist in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and therapeutic value of their antagonist. METHODS AR animal model were induced by ovalbumin (OVA) in the Wistar rats, which treated with histamine H4 receptor antagonist and (or) histamine H1 receptor antagonist. The allergic symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing), serum total IgE and the levels of cytokines in serum or nasal lavage fluid were measured, the diversity between two groups were observed. Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS Compared with AR group with no treatment, the inhibition of nasal symptoms (P < 0.01), a significant decrease in the levels of IgE, IL-4 in serum and Eotaxin in nasal lavage fluid (P < 0.01), a significant increase in the levels of IFN-γ in serum (P < 0.01) after treatment was found. Compared with group treated with Loratadine, inhibition of nasal symptoms (q value were 3.72, 4.16, P < 0.01), a significant increase in the levels of IgE and IL-4 in serum (q value were 8.01, 4.96, P < 0.05), a significant decrease in the levels of IFN-γ in serum (q = 3.18, P < 0.05) in group treated with JNJ 7777120 also, but no significant differences in the levels of Eotaxin in nasal lavage fluid (P > 0.05). Administration of JNJ 7777120 and Loratadine jointly, neither additive effect nor synergistic action were found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Histamine H4 receptor is closely related with allergic rhinitis and is important in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, the same as histamine H1 receptor. Histamine H4 receptor antagonist, JNJ 7777120, could relieve symptoms and inflammatory conditions in allergic rhinitis, the effect was weak compared with Loratadine. Neither additive effect nor synergistic action were found between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 97 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Sun GM, Yang XD, Xu XG, Li PH, Liu W, Pan LJ. [Substance P and its receptors are involved in the effect of histamine H3 receptor agonist, IMETIT on nasal allergic symptoms in guinea pigs]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2010; 45:465-470. [PMID: 21055323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of histamine H3 receptor agonist, IMETIT and simultaneous use of IMETIT and H1-receptor antagonist, Loratadine, on the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and substance P(SP) secretion and expression of SP receptor (SP-R) mRNA in AR model in guinea pigs. METHODS Guinea pigs were divided randomly into 4 groups: AR group (group A), IMETIT group (group B), Loratadine group (group C) and IMETIT+Loratadine group (group D). The severity of AR was assessed by determining the extent of three markers of allergic symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing and nose blocking). The changes in the nasal mucosa were studied by pathological methods. The expression of positive cell of SP was detected by immunohistochemistry. SP-R mRNA expression in nasal mucosa was used to do reverse transcriptive-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS In Group B, the mean (x ± s) number of sneeze [(15.0 ± 1.3) times], scratching nose [(16.5 ± 2.3) times] and respiratory frequency [(76.3 ± 4.1) times/min] were significantly improved than those in group A [(23.5 ± 2.6) times, (26.1 ± 4.1) times and (66.5 ± 5.8) times/min, respectively), P value were 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001, respectively]. The numbers of SP-positive cells [(11.6 ± 3.6)/HP] and SP-R mRNA expression (0.64 ± 0.04) in group B were reduced significantly compared to group A [(27.1 ± 9.7)/HP, (0.83 ± 0.03), P value were 0.000, 0.000, respectively]. Sneeze [(10.0 ± 2.3) times], scratching nose [(11.8 ± 1.7) times] and respiration [(90.0 ± 5.0) times/min] in Group D were improved significantly than those in group B (P value were 0.000, 0.002 and 0.000, respectively). SP-positive cells [(2.0 ± 1.7)/HP] and SP-R mRNA expression (0.52 ± 0.06) in Group D compared with group B were also significantly reduced (P value were 0.012 and 0.000, respectively). Pathological changes in guinea pig nasal mucosa in group B, group D were alleviated than those in group A. The combination of IMETIT and Loratadine had a synergistic effect on these effects (F value were 11.59, 8.28, 5.61, 5.48, 6.50, respectively, P value were 0.002, 0.008, 0.025, 0.027, 0.017). CONCLUSIONS IMETIT and the combination of IMETIT with Loratadine can effectively relieve the symptoms of AR in guinea pigs, its mechanism may be relevant to reduce SP secretion and the expression of SP-R mRNA, and the two has a synergistic effect. It may be useful as a novel therapeutic approach in nasal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-ming Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES A new classification of persistent allergic rhinitis (PER) has been developed by the ARIA working group. Although the burden of AR is significant, treatment itself is also costly. It is unclear if treatment based on the new definition of PER is cost-effective. METHODS The current study simulated the cost-effectiveness of desloratadine compared to placebo in the treatment of PER from the French societal perspective. Decision analysis was used to model the costs, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness over 12 months. Costs included medical expenditures (physician visits and prescription drugs) attributable to PER and related comorbidities and lost productivity due to absenteeism and presenteeism. Prices, tariffs and national wages were estimated from French national sources. MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS INCLUDED: symptom-based visual analogue scale (VAS), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ), Total 5 Symptoms Score (T5SS), categorical improvement in therapeutic response, interference with activities of daily living (ADL) and sleep outcomes. Mild or symptom-free days and 'responders' were also captured as outcomes. Univariate and second-order multivariate probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Treatment with desloratadine dominated placebo (cost less and resulted in greater effectiveness) for all measures of effectiveness. Of the individuals taking desloratadine 46.8% were classified as 'responders' vs. 34.8% for placebo (p = 0.0012). Individuals taking desloratadine experienced mild/no symptoms for 57.6% of study days vs. 36.5% for placebo (p = 0.002). The expected annual cost of treatment with desloratadine (1819 euro) was less than placebo (2618 euro). Lost productivity was the most significant contributor to total cost. Results of the 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations showed that treatment was cost-saving in 99.6% of simulations. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of PER with desloratadine resulted in improved effectiveness and significant savings. While the cost of drug treatment is greater than that of no treatment, the downstream costs associated with not treating PER significantly outweigh the cost of treatment. Key limitations include the comparison of desloratadine to placebo and the sources of cost and effectiveness measures. Future studies should examine the cost-effectiveness of all available treatments for PER. In addition, many utilization, productivity and effectiveness measures were taken from clinical trials and may not accurately reflect 'real world' treatment patterns and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Regis University, School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO 80221, USA.
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Sturm GJ, Kranzelbinder B, Sturm EM, Heinemann A, Groselj-Strele A, Aberer W. The basophil activation test in the diagnosis of allergy: technical issues and critical factors. Allergy 2009; 64:1319-26. [PMID: 19243362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basophil activation test (BAT) is a widely validated and reliable tool especially for the diagnosis of hymenoptera venom allergy. Nevertheless, several pitfalls have to be considered and outcomes may differ because of diverse in-house protocols and commercially available kits. We aimed to identify the factors that may influence results of the CD63-based BAT. METHODS Basophil responses to monoclonal anti-IgE (clone E124.2.8) and bee and wasp venom were determined by BAT based on CD63. The effect of stimulating factors such as, IL-3, cytochalasin B and prewarming of the samples was investigated. Furthermore, we compared two different flow cytometer systems and evaluated the influence of storage time, different staining protocols and anti-allergic drugs on the test results. RESULTS Interleukin-3 enhanced the reactivity of basophils at 300 pM, but not at 75 and 150 pM. Prewarming of samples and reagents did not affect basophil reactivity. CD63 expression assayed after storage time of up to 48 h showed that basophil reactivity already started to decline after 4 h. Basophils stained with HLA-DR-PC5 and CD123-PE antibodies gated as HLA-DR(neg)/CD123(pos) cells showed the highest reactivity. No effect on test outcomes was observed at therapeutic doses of dimetindene and desloratadine. Finally, slight differences in the percentage of activated basophils, depending on the cytometer system used, were found. CONCLUSION Basophil activation test should be performed as early as possible after taking the blood sample, preferably within 4 h. In contrast to the skin test, BAT can be performed in patients undergoing treatment with antihistamines. For reasons of multiple influencing factors, BAT should be performed only at validated laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Sturm
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Nosal R, Drabikova K, Jancinova V, Moravcova J, Lojek A, Ciz M, Macickova T, Pecivova J. H1-antihistamines and oxidative burst of professional phagocytes. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2009; 30 Suppl 1:133-136. [PMID: 20027159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analysed and compared the effect of five H1-antihistamines on stimulated oxidative burst at extra- and intracellular level of isolated and stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. DESIGN Oxidative burst of isolated human neutrophils was studied by means of luminol and isoluminol enhanced chemiluminescence. RESULTS The following rank order of potency for H1-antihistamines to decrease chemiluminescence was evaluated extracellularly: dithiaden> loratadine> chlorpheniramine> brompheniramine> pheniramine and at intracellular site: loratadine> dithiaden. CONCLUSION H1-antihistamines differ substantially according to their chemical structure in suppressing oxidative burst both at extra- and intracellular site of isolated stimulated human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Nosal
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, UPRES EA 220, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
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Sasse BC, Mach UR, Leppaenen J, Calmels T, Stark H. Hybrid approach for the design of highly affine and selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands using privileged scaffolds of biogenic amine GPCR ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7258-73. [PMID: 17826096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing privileged scaffolds of the known histamine H(1) receptor antagonists cetirizine, mianserin, ketotifen, loratadine, and bamipine were synthesized for further optimization as ligands for the related biogenic amine binding dopamine D(3) receptor. A pharmacological screening was carried out at dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. In the preliminary testing various ligands have shown moderate to high affinities for dopamine D(3)receptors, for example, N-(4-{4-[benzyl(phenyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}butylnaphthalen-2-carboxamide (19a) (hD(3)K(i)=0.3 nM; hD(2)K(i)=703 nM), leading to a selectivity ratio of 2343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta C Sasse
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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Antonijoan R, García-Gea C, Puntes M, Pérez J, Esbrí R, Serra C, Fortea J, Barbanoj MJ. Comparison of inhibition of cutaneous histamine reaction of ebastine fast-dissolving tablet (20 mg) versus desloratadine capsule (5 mg): a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, three-period crossover study in healthy, nonatopic adults. Clin Ther 2007; 29:814-822. [PMID: 17697901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebastine is a long-acting, second-generation, selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist. A fast-dissolving tablet formulation of ebastine has been developed at 10- and 20-mg doses, with the intention of facilitating administration to patients experiencing problems with swallowing, including those confined to bed and elderly people, as well as those who may need to use ebastine when they do not have easy access to water to aid swallowing a tablet. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the pharmacodynamic effects (ie, inhibition of wheal response to cutaneous histamine challenge, and subjective assessments of itching, flare, and pain) and tolerability of the fast-dissolving 20-mg ebastine tablet formulation compared with desloratadine 5-mg capsule and placebo. Acceptability and convenience of the fast-dissolving tablet were also evaluated. METHODS This double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-period crossover study was conducted at the Drug Research Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. Healthy, nonatopic, white adults aged 18 to 40 years were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 study sequences: ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CBA, or CAB, where A was the ebastine fast-dissolving 20-mg tablet, B was the desloratadine 5-mg capsule, and C was placebo. All study drugs were given orally once daily (8-9 AM) on days 1 to 5 of each study period. Study periods were separated by a washout period of 7 to 10 days. Histamine skin-prick test (SPT) challenge was performed before study drug administration on day 1 of each period (baseline), and then every 20 minutes for 2 hours after administration and again after 24 hours. The final SPT was 24 hours after the day-5 dose was administered. The primary end point was inhibition o f the histamine response, defined as the percentage reduction from baseline wheal area 24 hours after 5 days of administration. Subjective symptoms (itching, flare, and pain) were assessed by subjects using visual analog scales every 20 minutes for 2 hours after administration on day 1. At study end, acceptability (taste, convenience, and overall preference) of the fast-dissolving tablet and capsule formulations were assessed using a questionnaire completed by subjects. Tolerability was assessed using physical examination, laboratory analysis, physician questioning, and spontaneous reporting. RESULTS Thirty-six people were randomized (22 women, 14 men; mean [SD] age, 24.7 [4.1] years; mean [SD] weight, 63.2 [9.9] kg); 35 completed the study (1 subject was lost to follow-up after the second study period). Unadjusted mean (SD) wheal areas 24 hours after dose administration on day 5 were 72.9 (29.5), 115.0 (32.1), and 146.7 (32.2) mm(2), for ebastine, desloratadine, and placebo, respectively. Mean differences in reduction from baseline in wheal area were 29.0% for ebastine versus desloratadine and 43.7% for ebastine versus placebo (both, P < 0.001). Corresponding unadjusted mean (SD) wheal areas 24 hours after administration of the first dose on day 1 were 76.5 (22.5), 128.9 (24.0), and 140.5 (33.1) mm(2). Mean itching, flare, and pain ratings were not significantly different between study drugs. Results from the preference questionnaire indicated that the majority (80%) preferred the ebastine fast-dissolving tablet to the desloratadine capsule (and hypothetically also to tablets and oral solution, which were not tested in this study). Ninety-seven percent of subjects were of the opinion that compliance in the home setting would be facilitated by the fas-tdissolving tablet formulation. Fourteen adverse events (AEs) were reported in 9 (25%) volunteers; all AEs were of mild or moderate intensity. Five occurred with ebastine 20 mg (intermittent somnolence, back pain, pharyngolaryngeal pain, pyrexia, and oral pain [1 patient each]), 5 occurred with desloratadine 5 mg (asthenia [2 patients] and dry mouth, somnolence, and back pain [1 patient each]), and 4 occurred with placebo (diarrhea [2 patients] and somnolence and headache [1 patient each]). The relationship with the study drugs was considered unlikely in 6 cases and possible in the remaining 8 cases. An additional AE (back pain) occurred during a washout period. CONCLUSIONS In this small study in healthy, nonatopic white subjects, inhibition of the response to histamine injection was significantly greater with the ebastine 20-mg fast-dissolving tablet compared with desloratadine 5-mg capsule and placebo after 1 and 5 days of administration. Most participants expressed an overall preference for the fast-dissolving tablet formulation over capsules. All study drugs were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Antonijoan
- Centre d Investigació de Medicaments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Consuelo García-Gea
- Centre d Investigació de Medicaments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puntes
- Centre d Investigació de Medicaments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joselin Pérez
- Centre d Investigació de Medicaments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Manuel J Barbanoj
- Centre d Investigació de Medicaments, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was set up to evaluate the effects of desloratadine 7.5 mg daily, with and without alcohol, on sedation and psychomotor performance. RESEARCH METHODS In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover trial, 25 adult patients were randomized to desloratadine 7.5 mg, desloratadine 7.5 mg plus alcohol, placebo, or placebo plus alcohol. Alcohol was weight adjusted to an average blood alcohol concentration of 0.1%. Assessments included the modified Romberg test, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Serial Add Subtract Reaction Time Test, and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test. The primary variable was the mean score of each of the five tests averaged over the treatment period, expressed as the mean percent change from baseline. RESULTS Across these assessments, differences between desloratadine alone or with alcohol versus placebo alone or without alcohol, were not significant, whereas most differences between desloratadine and placebo alone versus desloratadine and placebo with alcohol were significant (p < 0.01). Thus, with or without alcohol, desloratadine 7.5 mg does not increase sedation or impair psychomotor performance. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild-to-moderate in severity, with the most frequently reported individual AEs being headache, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and dry mouth. The study does have potential limitations. The measures used are restricted to a particular profile of the known effects of alcohol only, and the relatively high doses of alcohol used alone demonstrate effects on psychomotor function and attention. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of desloratadine does not potentiate alcohol-mediated CNS impairment. Desloratadine alone or in combination with alcohol was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scharf
- Tri-State Sleep Disorders Center, Cincinnati, OH 45246, USA.
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Popov TA, Dumitrascu D, Bachvarova A, Bocsan C, Dimitrov V, Church MK. A comparison of levocetirizine and desloratadine in the histamine-induced wheal and flare response in human skin in vivo. Inflamm Res 2007; 55:241-4. [PMID: 16955243 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-006-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histamine-induced wheal and flare response was used to compare quantitatively the antihistaminic potency of levocetirizine and desloratadine. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, 24 healthy male non-atopic volunteers received weekly single doses of 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg levocetirizine, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg desloratadine, or placebo. Four hours after dosing, histamine (100 mg/ml) skin prick tests were performed on the volar surface of both forearms. The diameters of the wheals and flares were measured 10 minutes later. Sedation was evaluated using a visual analogue scale and a motricity test. The effects of individual drug doses were compared using Student's t-test for paired data and the overall effects of the two drugs by ANOVA. RESULTS All doses of levocetirizine significantly (P < 0.0001) inhibited both wheals and flares in a dose-related manner. Only the 10 mg dose of desloratadine achieved significant inhibition of response. ANOVA showed levocetirizine to be significantly (P < 0.0001) more active than desloratadine. Neither drug caused significant sedation or loss of motricity. CONCLUSION Levocetirizine is significantly more effective than desloratadine in inhibiting wheal and flare responses to histamine in human skin in vivo, with 1.25 mg levocetirizine being more effective than 10 mg desloratadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Popov
- Clinical Centre of Allergology, Medical University, 1, Sv. Georgi Sofiyski St., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Katta A, Dhananjeyan M, Bykowski C, Erhardt P, Hacker M, White DB, Bachmann K. Verapamil, but not probenecid, co-administration can convert desloratadine to a sedating antihistamine in mice. Drug Metab Lett 2007; 1:7-11. [PMID: 19356011 DOI: 10.2174/187231207779814391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that non-sedating antihistamines could elicit sedation in mice due to drug-induced inhibition of brain PgP was evaluated by measuring the ability of desloratadine alone or in combination with verapamil to cause ataxia in mice. Also, the concentrations of desloratadine in plasma and in brain homogenates were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relative to methylcellulose (control) treatment, verapamil plus desloratadine decreased rotarod performance of mice. Plasma concentrations of desloratadine appeared comparable in the mice treated with either desloratadine or verapamil plus desloratadine, however the rate of decline of desloratadine from brain tissue was slower in mice treated with verapamil plus desloratadine compared to mice treated with desloratadine only. These data suggest that inhibition of brain PgP can convert desloratadine to a sedating antihistamine in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Katta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a disabling affliction that considerably limits patients' daily activities and interferes with sleep. Clinical studies have shown that histamine H1-receptor antagonists (antihistamines) are highly effective for inhibiting the hives/wheals and pruritus associated with CIU, as well as improving patients' quality of life. Desloratadine is a rapid-acting, once-daily, nonsedating selective H1-receptor antagonist/inverse receptor agonist with proven clinical efficacy in patients with CIU. It has 10-20 times the in vivo H1 receptor-binding affinity of loratadine, its parent compound, and 52-194 times the H1 receptor-binding affinity of cetirizine, ebastine, loratadine, and fexofenadine. Desloratadine displays linear pharmacokinetics after oral administration. Age and sex have no apparent effect on the drug's metabolism and elimination, and food does not affect its bioavailability or absorption. Desloratadine also exerts anti-inflammatory effects via mechanisms that are independent of H1-receptor antagonism. Results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of 6 weeks' duration in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe CIU indicate that desloratadine significantly minimizes the severity of pruritus, reduces the number and size of hives, and improves disease-impaired sleep and daily activities. Improvements were noted after a single dose of desloratadine and were maintained over 6 weeks of treatment. Desloratadine was safe and well tolerated in clinical trials of patients with CIU. The adverse effect profile of desloratadine in adults, as well as in children aged from 6 months to 11 years, is comparable to that of placebo. Evaluations of cognitive and psychomotor performance in adults indicate no impairment of function with dosages of desloratadine 5 mg/day. In conclusion, desloratadine is an important therapeutic option for prompt and enduring symptom relief in patients with moderate-to-severe CIU. In addition to efficacy and safety, desloratadine affords a convenient administration regimen, rapid onset of action, and an absence of drug-drug or drug-food interactions. Other important prescribing considerations are that, unlike all first-generation and some second-generation antihistamines, desloratadine is nonsedating at its clinically approved dosage and does not impair psychomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence DuBuske
- Immunology Research Institute of New England, Gardner, Massachusetts 01440, USA.
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Ashenager MS, Grgela T, Aragane Y, Kawada A. Inhibition of cytokine-induced expression of T-cell cytokines by antihistamines. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2007; 17:20-6. [PMID: 17323859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate immunomodulatory properties of 4 antihistamines available in Japan. METHOD Isolated peripheral blood T cells from healthy volunteers were preincubated with cetirizine, loratadine, olopatadine, or fexofenadine for 30 minutes and then stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 2 or IL-4 to skew immune response towards type 1 or type 2 helper T cells. RNA was extracted 6 hours later and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using primers for IL-5 and interferon (IFN) gamma. Supernatants were collected 24 hours after stimulation, and cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS RT-PCR revealed that IL-12-induced expression of IFN-gamma was partially suppressed by loratadine and fexofenadine and that all 4 agents tested inhibited IL-4-induced expression of IL-5. ELISA demonstrated that IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production was significantly suppressed by cetirizine and fexofenadine and IL-4-induced IL-5 production was downregulated by three agents with the exception of cetirizine. This study demonstrates that antihistamines have varying immunomodulatory properties, suggesting treatment choice for atopic dermatitis can be directed by disease signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ashenager
- Department of Dermatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Nosál' R, Drábiková K, Jancinová V, Macicková T, Pecivová J, Holománová D. On the pharmacology and toxicology of neutrophils. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006; 27 Suppl 2:148-51. [PMID: 17159802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effect of H1-antihistamines dithiaden (Dit) and loratadine (Lor) and compare it with that of histamine (His) on phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA) stimulated chemiluminescence (CL) of whole blood, isolated neutrophils, release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and on superoxide (SO) generation. METHODS Luminol- and isoluminol-enhanced CL was applied for measuring the oxidative burst, spectrophotometry was used for determination of MPO (o-dianisidine) and SO generation (superoxide dismutase inhibition of cytochrome c). RESULTS Dit and Lor dose-dependently inhibited CL of whole blood and significantly decreased oxidative burst both at the extra- and intracellular sites of neutrophils. Release of MPO was decreased with both drugs tested in 10-times lower concentrations than was SO inhibition. Histamine (His) was much less effective in the inhibition of the parameters investigated. CONCLUSIONS Histaminergic drugs of the 1st generation inhibited oxidative burst of human phagocytes in whole blood and in isolated neutrophils. The rank order of potency to inhibit CL, MPO release and SO generation in PMA stimulated phagocytes was: Dit>Lor>His.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Nosál'
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a critical evaluation of the more recent H1 antihistamines and the various terms used to describe them, based on a review of evidence on their role in the treatment of allergic disorders. SOURCES OF DATA Original articles, reviews and consensus documents published from 1998 to 2006 and indexed in the MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Keyword: antihistamines. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Second-generation antihistamines differ from first-generation ones because of their elevated specificity and affinity for peripheral H1 receptors and because of their lower penetration of the central nervous system (CNS), having fewer sedative effects as a result. Whilst second-generation antihistamines are in general better tolerated than their predecessors, some adverse effects, principally cardiotoxicity, have been observed with some of them. Over the last 20 years, new compounds with different pharmacokinetic properties have been synthesized. The majority of these exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of their action on the H1 receptor. More recent improvements, generally in the form of active metabolites, led to the use of the term third-generation antihistamines. This term emerged spontaneously, with no clear definition of its meaning or clinical implications, creating great confusion among healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION On the basis of the evidence on H1 antihistamines, none of them deserve the title "third-generation antihistamine." As the Consensus Group on New Generation Antihistamines concluded, to merit this definition, a new class of antihistamines would have to demonstrate distinct clinical advantages over existing compounds and fulfill at least three prerequisites: they should be free from cardiotoxicity, drug interactions and effects on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Cristina Camelo-Nunes
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Abstract
The symptoms of allergic rhinitis vary in severity over the course of the day and often are worse in the morning. This review focuses on data from clinical studies of the antihistamine desloratadine to establish whether it effectively controls the morning symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Studies of desloratadine in patients with allergic rhinitis that used instantaneous scoring to assess the severity of morning symptoms were selected for inclusion from published literature (peer-reviewed articles and abstracts presented at professional meetings). When administered once daily, desloratadine is effective in alleviating the morning symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including nasal congestion. Its action is sustained over the 24-hour dosing interval. A comparison of morning and evening dosing of desloratadine revealed equivalent relief of morning symptoms, illustrating that the effect of desloratadine is independent of the time of dosing. Clinical studies indicate that desloratadine is nonsedating and well tolerated, with no evidence of adverse cardiac effects. For many patients with allergic rhinitis, symptoms are most severe in the morning. To maximize the benefits for patients, pharmacologic agents used in the management of allergic rhinitis should be effective in controlling these peak morning symptoms. The sustained 24-hour action of desloratadine and its effective control of morning symptoms make it a valuable tool for improving the quality of life of patients with allergic rhinitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm/drug effects
- Circadian Rhythm/physiology
- Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/pharmacology
- Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Loratadine/adverse effects
- Loratadine/analogs & derivatives
- Loratadine/pharmacology
- Loratadine/therapeutic use
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Schenkel
- Valley Allergy and Asthma Treatment Center/Valley Clinical Research Center, 3729 Easton-Nazareth Highway, Suite 202, Easton, PA 18045, USA.
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Drábiková K, Jancinová V, Nosál R, Pecivová J, Macicková T. Extra- and intracellular oxidant production in phorbol myristate acetate stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: modulation by histamine and H(1)-antagonist loratadine. Inflamm Res 2006; 55 Suppl 1:S19-20. [PMID: 16547821 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-005-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Drábiková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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Chen JS, Lin SY, Tso WL, Yeh GC, Lee WS, Tseng H, Chen LC, Ho YS. Checkpoint kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C and bad proteins are involved in antitumor effects of loratadine-induced G2/M phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:461-78. [PMID: 16649252 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first demonstrated that loratadine (LOR), a promising world widely used oral anti-histamine, effectively inhibits growth of tumors derived from human colon cancer cells (COLO 205) in an in vivo setting. In vitro study demonstrated that the anti-tumor effects of LOR in COLO 205 cells were mediated by causing G(2)/M phase cell growth cycle arrest and caspase 9-mediated apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest induced by LOR (75 microM, 24 h) was associated with a significant decrease in protein levels of cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc) 25B, and Cdc25C, leading to accumulation of Tyr-15-phosphorylated Cdc2 (inactive form). Interestingly, LOR (75 microM, for 4 h) treatment also resulted in a rapid and sustained phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser-216, leading to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm because of increased binding with 14-3-3. We further demonstrated that the LOR-induced Cdc25C (Ser-216) phosphorylation was blocked in the presence of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) specific inhibitor (SB-218078). The cells treated with LOR in the presence of Chk1 specific inhibitor (SB-218078) were then released from G(2)/M arrest into apoptosis. These results implied that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C plays a major role in response to LOR-mediated G(2)/M arrest. Although the Chk1-mediated cell growth arrest in response to DNA damage is well documented, our results presented in this study was the first report to describe the Chk1-mediated G(2)/M cell-cycle arrest by the histamine H1 antagonist, LOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinn-Shiun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Zhao Y, van Hasselt CA, Woo JK, Chen GG, Wong YO, Wang LH, Leung PC. Effect of a Chinese herbal formula, Shi-Bi-Lin, on an experimental model of allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 96:844-50. [PMID: 16802773 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jia Wei Cang Er Zi San, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been used to treat allergic rhinitis (AR) for several centuries. However, its effect on experimental animal models and its therapeutic mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Shu-Bi-Lin, a modified Jia Wei Cang Er Zi San, on an animal model of AR. METHODS Shu-Bi-Lin was administered to the guinea pig model of AR. Meanwhile, an antihistamine-treated group for the treatment control, an ovalbumin-sensitized and untreated group for the positive control, and a sham-sensitized, sham-challenged group for the sham control were studied in parallel. Symptomatic and some pathophysiologic variables were evaluated. RESULTS Sneezing and nasal scratching after challenges were significantly ameliorated in the Shu-Bi-Lin-treated group compared with the ovalbumin-sensitized and untreated group, but rhinorrhea volume was not reduced. Shu-Bi-Lin significantly suppressed the production of IgG1 in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. The thromboxane B2 level in nasal lavage fluid was significantly deceased in the Shu-Bi-Lin-treated group; however, the reduction in histamine and peptide leukotriene levels did not reach statistical significance. In addition, eosinophil infiltration and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the nasal tissues were reduced in the Shu-Bi-Lin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Shu-Bi-Lin could alleviate the nasal symptoms of AR, and its mechanism might be related to its inhibitory effect on type I anaphylaxis reactions and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal tissues, as well as the inhibition of some mediators related to AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Traidl-Hoffmann C, Münster I, Ring J, Behrendt H. Impact of Desloratadine and Loratadine on the Crosstalk between Human Keratinocytes and Leukocytes: Implications for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Antihistamines. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 140:315-20. [PMID: 16741367 DOI: 10.1159/000093709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desloratadine is an H1-histamine antagonist which possesses additional anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of leukocyte activation and reduction of ICAM-1 expression on mucosal epithelial cells. So far no studies have addressed the potential anti-inflammatory activities of desloratadine and loratadine on skin keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE In this study the capacity of desloratadine and loratadine to counteract human keratinocyte activation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was analyzed. In particular, the chemokine release of kerationcytes and the crosstalk between keratinocytes and lymphocytes were examined. METHOD Keratinocyte cultures established from normal skin of healthy donors were activated by IFN-gamma in the absence or presence of desloratadine and loratadine, and tested for the release of CCL5/RANTES, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL17/TARC and CXCL10/IP-10. Furthermore the supernatants of differentially stimulated keratinocytes were used for migration studies of human neutrophils, eosinophils and polarized Th1/Th2 clones. RESULTS Desloratadine and loratadine inhibited the constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced release of CCL5, CXCL8 and CXCL10 from keratinocytes, while the low release of CCL17 remained unchanged. Furthermore the crosstalk between lymphocytes and keratinocytes was blocked as shown by a reduced capacity of desloratadine/loratadine-stimulated keratinocytes to attract human neutrophils, eosinophils and T cells. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that desloratadine has the capacity to block the IFN-gamma-induced activation of keratinocytes, and that it can thus exert important regulatory effects on cell-mediated immune responses in the skin. The rather high doses required for these effects argue for a topical application when trying to use desloratadine in epidermal inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Traidl-Hoffmann
- Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy GSF/TUM, ZAUM--Center for Allergy and Environment, Munich, Germany.
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Cheng KC, Hsu JY, Fu LS, Chang WC, Chu JJ, Chi CS. Influence of cetirizine and loratadine on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-8 release in A549 human airway epithelial cells stimulated with interleukin-1beta. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2006; 39:206-11. [PMID: 16783450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In addition to being antagonists of histamine receptors, some antihistamines modulate the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation by reducing mediator release, adhesion molecule expression and, consequently, recruitment of inflammatory cells. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of 2 second-generation antihistamines, cetirizine and loratadine, on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretions in human airway epithelial cells. METHODS A549 cells were pre-incubated with cetirizine (1, 5, 10 microM) or loratadine (1 microM) individually for 16 h followed by stimulation with IL-1beta for 8 h. The levels of GM-CSF and IL-8 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. RESULTS Cetirizine (10 microM) and loratadine significantly reduced the release of GM-CSF, by 37% and 40%, respectively (p<0.05). Cetirizine (5, 10 microM) inhibited the production of IL-8 by 19% (p<0.05). However, cetirizine (1 microM) and loratadine (1 microM) did not appreciably inhibit IL-8 release. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that these 2 second-generation antihistamines inhibit the release of GM-CSF and IL-8 beyond their antagonistic histamine H1 receptor activity and may thus exert clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects in inflammatory airway disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Chu Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Alobid I, Pujols L, Valero A, Xaubet A, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Picado C. Effect of desloratadine on epithelial cell granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion and eosinophil survival. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:52-8. [PMID: 16393266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-generation antihistamines are H(1) receptor antagonists and may have additional anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of desloratadine (DL) on cytokine secretion by epithelial cells from both nasal mucosa (NM) and polyps (NP), and on eosinophil survival primed by epithelial cell secretions. METHODS Epithelial cells were cultured and stimulated with fetal bovine serum (FBS), IL-1beta or TNF-alpha with and without DL for 24 h. Culture supernatant cytokines concentration were measured by ELISA. Peripheral blood eosinophils were incubated with human epithelial cell conditioned media (HECM) and DL. Eosinophil survival was assessed by Trypan blue dye exclusion. Results are expressed as mean+/-SEM of cytokine concentration (pg/mL) or eosinophil survival index (%). RESULTS FBS increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-beta(1) secretion in epithelial cell cultures from both NM and NP. Only GM-CSF secretion was significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by a dose-response of DL compared with positive controls, in both NM (10(-5) m: 125+/-36 pg/mL, 10(-6) m: 95+/-22 pg/mL vs. control: 256+/-91 pg/mL, n=6) and NP (10(-5) m: 80+/-29 pg/mL, 10(-6) m: 109+/-45 pg/mL vs. control: 333+/-212 pg/mL, n=6). DL also showed an inhibitory effect on HECM-induced eosinophil survival from both NM and NP. At 72 h, DL significantly (P<0.01) inhibited eosinophil survival induced by HECM from NM (10(-5) m: 19.9+/-5.5%, n=9; 10(-6) m: 28.7+/-7.7%, n=9) and NP (10(-5) m: 6.2+/-2.8%, n=11) compared with HECM alone (NM: 42.1+/-7.3%; NP: 45.3+/-8.1%). CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of DL on epithelial cell GM-CSF secretion and on eosinophil survival induced by epithelial cell secretions, suggest that this H(1) antagonist may regulate eosinophil inflammation in upper airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mullol
- IDIBAPS, Rhinology Unit, ENT Department, Hospital Clinic, Deparmtent of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petríková
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology SAS, Dúbravská 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic,
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Abstract
The predictive efficacy of drugs in humans is frequently estimated from both a high affinity for their receptor as measured in vitro and a long plasmatic half-life. This is grossly misleading since one key parameter is missing: drug concentration at the receptor site in vivo. As a case study we compared the efficacies of three H(1) antihistamines in inhibiting histamine-induced wheal and flare in humans at two different time points with the above mentioned parameters. It is concluded that estimating in vivo receptor occupancy, which takes into account both the affinity of the drug for the receptor and its free plasma concentration, is a far better predictor for human pharmacodynamics and hence antihistamine potency, than considering in vitro affinity and plasmatic half-life only.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gillard
- UCB S.A., In Vitro Pharmacology Department, Chemin du Foriest, UCB S.A., 1420, Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
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Klemens JJ, Kirtsreesakul V, Luxameechanporn T, Naclerio RM. Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis causes hyperresponsiveness to histamine challenge in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 131:905-10. [PMID: 16230595 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.131.10.905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a physiologic test of nasal responsiveness in mice and to evaluate whether mice with acute bacterial sinusitis develop nasal hyperresponsiveness. DESIGN Several experimental studies will be described. The first was a titration pilot study. The second was a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The remainder were before-and-after trials. SPECIES: BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS For these experiments, we exposed mice to histamine intranasally, then counted the number of sneezes and nose rubs as the primary outcome measure of nasal responsiveness. First, we constructed a dose-response curve. Second, we treated the mice with desloratadine, a histamine 1 receptor antagonist, prior to histamine exposure. Third, we challenged, with intranasal histamine, mice made allergic using 2 techniques. Fourth, we infected mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae to determine whether acute sinusitis causes nasal hyperresponsiveness to histamine exposure. RESULTS Nasal histamine challenge led to a reproducible, dose-dependent increase in sneezing and nose rubs. The response to histamine exposure was blocked by desloratadine (P < or = .05). Allergic mice had a significant increase in responsiveness (P < or = .05) over baseline after exposure to antigen. Mice with acute sinusitis had a sustained increase in responsiveness, although less severe than after allergy, compared with baseline values that lasted 12 days after infection (P < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS Nasal challenge with histamine is a physiologic test of nasal responsiveness. The hyperresponsiveness of allergic mice to histamine exposure parallels the response to nonspecific stimuli during the human allergic reaction. In addition, we showed that acute bacterial sinusitis causes nasal hyperresponsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Klemens
- Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Ill 60637-1035, USA
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Katchman AN, Koerner J, Tosaka T, Woosley RL, Ebert SN. Comparative Evaluation of HERG Currents and QT Intervals following Challenge with Suspected Torsadogenic and Nontorsadogenic Drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:1098-106. [PMID: 16278312 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.093393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate human HERG currents and QT intervals following challenge with suspected torsadogenic and nontorsadogenic drugs. Various concentrations of 14 different drugs were initially evaluated in terms of their relative potency to block I(HERG) in stably transfected human embryonic kidney cells. Four general categories of drugs were identified: high-potency blockers (IC50 < 0.1 microM) included lidoflazine, terfenadine, and haloperidol; moderate-potency blockers (0.1 microM < IC50 < 1 microM) included sertindole, thioridazine, and prenylamine; low-potency blockers (IC50 > 1 microM) included propafenone, loratadine, pyrilamine, lovastatin, and chlorpheniramine; and ineffective blockers (IC50 > 300 microM) included cimetidine, pentamidine, and arsenic trioxide. All measurements were performed using similar conditions and tested acute drug effects only (<30 min of drug exposure per measurement). Since two of the drugs that were ineffective I(HERG) blockers, arsenic trioxide and pentamidine, have been associated with cardiac repolarization delays (QT interval lengthening) and torsades de pointes ventricular arrhythmias in patients, we chose to evaluate them further using the isolated perfused rabbit heart model. Neither arsenic trioxide nor pentamidine had any significant effect on QT intervals in this model, even at relatively high (micromolar) concentrations. Similar results were obtained for loratadine in this model. When the hearts were challenged with a known torsadogenic drug such as cisapride, significant QT lengthening was rapidly induced. These results demonstrate that arsenic trioxide and pentamidine are essentially devoid of direct acute effects on cardiac repolarization or inhibition of I(HERG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Katchman
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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Cyr MM, Hayes LM, Crawford L, Baatjes AJ, Keith PK, Denburg JA. The effect of desloratadine on eosinophil/basophil progenitors and other inflammatory markers in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled randomized study. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 138:209-16. [PMID: 16210859 DOI: 10.1159/000088721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophil/basophil (Eo/B) progenitors fluctuate in the peripheral circulation during seasonal allergen exposure in atopic subjects. Several drugs have been shown to modulate Eo/B progenitor levels in the peripheral blood but, to date, the possible effect of antihistamines on Eo/B progenitors has not been explored. Our objective was to evaluate whether the antihistamine desloratadine (DL) can modulate peripheral blood Eo/B progenitors or other markers of allergic inflammation. METHODS We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study on the effects of DL on peripheral blood Eo/B progenitors in subjects with symptomatic, seasonal allergic rhinitis during a ragweed pollen season. Forty-five subjects were randomized to treatment for 4 weeks with DL 20 mg daily or placebo. RESULTS The expected fall in the number of Eo/B progenitors from baseline to 2 weeks of treatment was seen in the placebo group [median drop of 1.0 colony-forming unit (CFU)/10(6) cells], and was greater than in the DL group (median drop of 0.0 CFU/10(6) cells) (p = 0.013). The change in histamine concentration per colony from baseline to 2 weeks of treatment was lower in the DL group (median decrease of 6.1 pg/colony) compared to placebo (median increase of 1.8 pg/colony) (p = 0.01). An increase in the nasal lavage eotaxin concentration from baseline to 4 weeks of treatment was statistically significant in the placebo group but not in the DL group. Eo/B CFU were not affected by varying in vitro concentrations of DL. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DL can modulate aspects of allergic inflammation in vivo through mechanisms other than simple blockade of H1 histamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Cyr
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Howell G, West L, Jenkins C, Lineberry B, Yokum D, Rockhold R. In vivo antimuscarinic actions of the third generation antihistaminergic agent, desloratadine. BMC Pharmacol 2005; 5:13. [PMID: 16109168 PMCID: PMC1192807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscarinic receptor mediated adverse effects, such as sedation and xerostomia, significantly hinder the therapeutic usefulness of first generation antihistamines. Therefore, second and third generation antihistamines which effectively antagonize the H1 receptor without significant affinity for muscarinic receptors have been developed. However, both in vitro and in vivo experimentation indicates that the third generation antihistamine, desloratadine, antagonizes muscarinic receptors. To fully examine the in vivo antimuscarinic efficacy of desloratadine, two murine and two rat models were utilized. The murine models sought to determine the efficacy of desloratadine to antagonize muscarinic agonist induced salivation, lacrimation, and tremor. Desloratadine's effect on the cardiovascular system was explored in both rodent models. Results In the pithed rat, both desloratadine (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) and the muscarinic M2 selective antagonist, methoctramine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), inhibited negative inotropic (left ventricular dP/dt) effects caused by oxotremorine, a nonselective muscarinic agonist (p < 0.05). Negative chronotropic effects caused by oxotremorine were inhibited by desloratadine, methoctramine, and the muscarinic M3 selective antagonist, 4-DAMP (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.). A late positive inotropic event observed after the initial decrease was inhibited by all three test compounds with desloratadine and 4-DAMP being the most efficacious. In the conscious animal, inhibition of baroreflex-mediated bradycardia was evaluated. Unlike atropine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), desloratadine did not alter this bradycardia. The antimuscarinic action of desloratadine on salivation, lacrimation, and tremor was also explored. In urethane-anesthetized (1.5 g/kg, i.p.) male ICR mice (25–35 g) desloratadine (1.0, 5.0 mg/kg) did not inhibit oxotremorine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) salivation, unlike atropine (0.5 mg/kg) and 4-DAMP (1.0 mg/kg). In conscious mice, desloratadine failed to inhibit oxotremorine-induced (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) salivation, lacrimation, and tremor. However, desloratadine did inhibit oxotremorine-induced tremor in phenylephrine pretreated animals. Conclusion The presented data demonstrate that the third generation antihistamine, desloratadine, does not significantly antagonize peripheral muscarinic receptors mediating salivation and lacrimation, therefore, xerostomia and dry eyes should not be observed with therapeutic use of desloratadine. Our data also indicate when administered to a patient with a compromised blood-brain barrier, desloratadine may cause sedation. Patients with compromised cardiovascular systems should be closely monitored when administered desloratadine based on our results that desloratadine has the ability to interfere with normal cardiovascular function mediated by muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Howell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - L West
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | | | - B Lineberry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - D Yokum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - R Rockhold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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