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Korgaonkar J, Tarman AY, Ceylan Koydemir H, Chukkapalli SS. Periodontal disease and emerging point-of-care technologies for its diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3326-3346. [PMID: 38874483 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory disorder that damages the tooth and its supporting components, is a common global oral health problem. Understanding the intricacies of these disorders, from gingivitis to severe PD, is critical for efficient treatment, diagnosis, and prevention in dental care. Periodontal biosensors and biomarkers are critical in improving oral health diagnostic skills. Clinicians may accomplish early identification, tailored therapy, and efficient tracking of periodontal diseases by using these technologies, ushering in a new age of accurate oral healthcare. Traditional periodontitis diagnostic methods frequently rely on physical probing and visual examinations, necessitating the development of point-of-care (POC) devices. As periodontal disorders necessitate more precise and rapid diagnosis, incorporating novel innovations in biosensors and biomarkers becomes increasingly crucial. These innovations improve our capacity to diagnose, monitor, and adapt periodontal therapies, bringing in the next phase of customized and effective dental healthcare. The review discusses the characteristics and stages of PD, clinical treatment techniques, prominent biomarkers and infection-associated factors that may be employed to determine PD, biomedical sensing, and POC appliances that have been created so far to diagnose stages of PD and its progression profile, as well as predicting future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Korgaonkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Azra Yaprak Tarman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Ahmad P, Escalante-Herrera A, Marin LM, Siqueira WL. Progression from healthy periodontium to gingivitis and periodontitis: Insights from bioinformatics-driven proteomics - A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 38873831 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM The current study aimed to: (1) systematically review the published literature regarding the proteomics analyses of saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in healthy humans and gingivitis and/or periodontitis patients; and (2) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) based on the systematic review, and comprehensively conduct meta-analyses and bioinformatics analyses. METHODS An online search of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was performed without any restriction on the year and language of publication. After the identification of the DEPs reported by the included human primary studies, gene ontology (GO), the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and meta-analyses were conducted. The risk of bias among the included studies was evaluated using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. RESULTS The review identified significant differences in protein expression between healthy individuals and those with gingivitis and periodontitis. In GCF, 247 proteins were upregulated and 128 downregulated in periodontal diseases. Saliva analysis revealed 79 upregulated and 70 downregulated proteins. There were distinct protein profiles between gingivitis and periodontitis, with 159 and 31 unique upregulated proteins in GCF, respectively. Meta-analyses confirmed significant upregulation of various proteins in periodontitis, including ALB and MMP9, while CSTB and GSTP1 were downregulated. AMY1A and SERPINA1 were upregulated in periodontitis saliva. HBD was upregulated in gingivitis GCF, while DEFA3 was downregulated. PPI analysis revealed complex networks of interactions among DEPs. GO and KEGG pathway analyses provided insights into biological processes and pathways associated with periodontal diseases. CONCLUSION The ongoing MS-based proteomics studies emphasize the need for a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for periodontal diseases. Clinician acceptance of the eventual diagnostic method relies on its ability to provide superior or complementary information to current clinical assessment procedures. Future research should prioritize the multiplex measurement of multiple biomarkers simultaneously to enhance diagnostic accuracy and large study cohorts are necessary to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Lina M Marin
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Torres A, Michea MA, Végvári Á, Arce M, Pérez V, Alcota M, Morales A, Vernal R, Budini M, Zubarev RA, González FE. A multi-platform analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals ferroptosis as a relevant regulated cell death mechanism during the clinical progression of periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:43. [PMID: 38802345 PMCID: PMC11130186 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic-inflammatory diseases, yet its association with progressive periodontitis remains unexplored. To investigate the involvement and significance of ferroptosis in periodontitis progression, we assessed sixteen periodontitis-diagnosed patients. Disease progression was clinically monitored over twelve weeks via weekly clinical evaluations and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collection was performed for further analyses. Clinical metrics, proteomic data, in silico methods, and bioinformatics tools were combined to identify protein profiles linked to periodontitis progression and to explore their potential connection with ferroptosis. Subsequent western blot analyses validated key findings. Finally, a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset (GSE164241) for gingival tissues was analyzed to elucidate cellular dynamics during periodontitis progression. Periodontitis progression was identified as occurring at a faster rate than traditionally thought. GCF samples from progressing and non-progressing periodontal sites showed quantitative and qualitatively distinct proteomic profiles. In addition, specific biological processes and molecular functions during progressive periodontitis were revealed and a set of hub proteins, including SNCA, CA1, HBB, SLC4A1, and ANK1 was strongly associated with the clinical progression status of periodontitis. Moreover, we found specific proteins - drivers or suppressors - associated with ferroptosis (SNCA, FTH1, HSPB1, CD44, and GCLC), revealing the co-occurrence of this specific type of regulated cell death during the clinical progression of periodontitis. Additionally, the integration of quantitative proteomic data with scRNA-seq analysis suggested the susceptibility of fibroblasts to ferroptosis. Our analyses reveal proteins and processes linked to ferroptosis for the first time in periodontal patients, which offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of progressive periodontal disease. These findings may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Angélica Michea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Pérez
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Alcota
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Morales
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Yang X, Wang J, Liao R, Cai Y. A simplified protocol for deep quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid for skeletal maturity indicators. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1296:342342. [PMID: 38401943 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of craniofacial skeletal maturity is of great importance in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional radiographic methods suffer from clinician subjectivity and low reproducibility. Recent biochemical methods, such as the use of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) protein biomarkers involved in bone metabolism, have provided new opportunities to assess skeletal maturity. However, mass spectrometry (MS)-based GCF proteomic analysis still faces significant challenges, including the interference of high abundance proteins, laborious sample prefractionation and relatively limited coverage of GCF proteome. To improve GCF sample processing and further discover novel biomarkers, we herein developed a single-pot, solid-phase-enhanced sample-preparation (SP3)-based high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)-MS protocol for deep quantitative analysis of the GCF proteome for skeletal maturity indicators. SP3 combined with FAIMS could minimize sample loss and eliminate tedious and time-consuming offline fractionation, thereby simplifying GCF sample preparation and improving analytical coverage and reproducibility of the GCF proteome. A total of 5407 proteins were identified in GCF samples from prepubertal and circumpubertal groups, representing the largest dataset of human GCF proteome to date. Compared to the prepubertal group, 61 proteins were differentially expressed (31 up-regulated, 30 down-regulated) in the circumpubertal group. The six-protein marker panel, including ATP5D, CLTA, CLTB, DNM2, HSPA8 and NCK1, showed great potential to predict the circumpubertal stage (ROC-AUC 0.937), which provided new insights into skeletal maturity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Rijing Liao
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, PR China.
| | - Yan Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, PR China.
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Smith H, Giulivi C. Starch treatment improves the salivary proteome for subject identification purposes. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:117-128. [PMID: 37084127 PMCID: PMC10944386 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Identification of subjects, including perpetrators, is one of the most crucial goals of forensic science. Saliva is among the most common biological fluids found at crime scenes, containing identifiable components. DNA has been the most prominent identifier to date, but its analysis can be complex due to low DNA yields and issues preserving its integrity at the crime scene. Proteins are emerging as viable candidates for subject identification. Previous work has shown that the salivary proteome of the least-abundant proteins may be helpful for subject identification, but more optimized techniques are needed. Among them is removing the most abundant proteins, such as salivary α-amylase. Starch treatment of saliva samples elicited the removal of this enzyme and that of glycosylated, low-molecular-weight proteins, proteases, and immunoglobulins, resulting in a saliva proteome profile enriched with a subset of proteins, allowing a more reliable and nuanced subject identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Smith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Torres A, Michea MA, Végvári Á, Arce M, Morales A, Lanyon E, Alcota M, Fuentes C, Vernal R, Budini M, Zubarev RA, González FE. Proteomic profile of human gingival crevicular fluid reveals specific biological and molecular processes during clinical progression of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1061-1081. [PMID: 37522282 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There is no clear understanding of molecular events occurring in the periodontal microenvironment during clinical disease progression. Our aim was to explore qualitative and quantitative differences in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) protein profiles from patients diagnosed with periodontitis between non-progressive and progressive periodontal sites. METHODS Five systemically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis were monitored weekly in their progression of the disease and GCF samples from 10 candidate sites were obtained. Two groups of five sites, matched from an equal number of teeth, were selected from the five patients: Progression (PG) and Non-Progression (NP). Global protein identification was performed with high-throughput proteomic approaches and label-free analysis determined their relative abundances. Proteins were identified by Proteome Discoverer v2.4 and searched against human SwissProt protein databases. Enrichment bioinformatic analyses were performed in STRING-DB and ShinyGO environment. RESULTS 1504 and 1500 proteins were identified in NP and PG respectively. Forty-eight proteins were exclusively identified in PG, while 52 were identified in NP. Moreover, 35 proteins were more abundant in PG and 29 proteins in NP (twofold change, p < .05). The NP group was mainly represented by proteins from "response to biotic stimuli and other organisms," "processes of cell death regulation," "peptidase regulation," "protein ubiquitination," and "ribosomal activity" GO categories. The most represented GO categories of the PG group were "assembly of multiprotein complexes," "catabolic processes," "lipid metabolism," and "binding to hemoglobin and haptoglobin." CONCLUSIONS There are quantitative and qualitative differences in the proteome of GCF from periodontal sites according to the status of clinical progression of periodontitis. Progressive periodontitis sites are characterized by a protein profile associated with catabolic processes, immune response, and response to cellular stress, while stable periodontitis sites show a protein profile mainly related to wound repair and healing processes, cell death regulation, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Understanding the etiopathogenic role of these profiles in progressive periodontitis may help to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Torres
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Angélica Michea
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marion Arce
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Morales
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elías Lanyon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Alcota
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Fuentes
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunoregulation, Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology & Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lee J, Chang DS, Kim J, Hwang YS. Alpha-Defensin 1: An Emerging Periodontitis Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2143. [PMID: 37443537 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on the development of reliable diagnostic targets is being conducted to overcome the high prevalence and difficulty in managing periodontitis. However, despite the development of various periodontitis target markers, their practical application has been limited due to poor diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we present an improved periodontitis diagnostic target and explore its role in periodontitis. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from healthy individuals and periodontitis patients, and proteomic analysis was performed. The target marker levels for periodontitis were quantified in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were used for the osteoclast formation assay. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis of whole GCF showed that the level of alpha-defensin 1 (DEFA-1) was higher in periodontitis GCF than in healthy GCF. The comparison of periodontitis target proteins galactin-10, ODAM, and azurocidin proposed in other studies found that the difference in DEFA-1 levels was the largest between healthy and periodontitis GCF, and periodontitis was more effectively distinguished. The differentiation of RANKL-induced BMMs into osteoclasts was significantly reduced by recombinant DEFA-1 (rDEFA-1). Conclusions: These results suggest the regulatory role of DEFA-1 in the periodontitis process and the relevance of DEFA-1 as a diagnostic target for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsu Kim
- Seoul Hana Dental Clinic, Seongnam 13636, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Qiu W, Huang Z, Zhang K, Wu K, Deng K, Chen Y, Guo R, Wu B, Chen T, Fang F. Identification of nine signature proteins involved in periodontitis by integrated analysis of TMT proteomics and transcriptomics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963123. [PMID: 36016933 PMCID: PMC9397367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there are many researches on signature molecules of periodontitis derived from different periodontal tissues to determine the disease occurrence and development, and deepen the understanding of this complex disease. Among them, a variety of omics techniques have been utilized to analyze periodontitis pathology and progression. However, few accurate signature molecules are known and available. Herein, we aimed to screened and identified signature molecules suitable for distinguishing periodontitis patients using machine learning models by integrated analysis of TMT proteomics and transcriptomics with the purpose of finding novel prediction or diagnosis targets. Differential protein profiles, functional enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction network analysis were conducted based on TMT proteomics of 15 gingival tissues from healthy and periodontitis patients. DEPs correlating with periodontitis were screened using LASSO regression. We constructed a new diagnostic model using an artificial neural network (ANN) and verified its efficacy based on periodontitis transcriptomics datasets (GSE10334 and GSE16134). Western blotting validated expression levels of hub DEPs. TMT proteomics revealed 5658 proteins and 115 DEPs, and the 115 DEPs are closely related to inflammation and immune activity. Nine hub DEPs were screened by LASSO, and the ANN model distinguished healthy from periodontitis patients. The model showed satisfactory classification ability for both training (AUC=0.972) and validation (AUC=0.881) cohorts by ROC analysis. Expression levels of the 9 hub DEPs were validated and consistent with TMT proteomics quantitation. Our work reveals that nine hub DEPs in gingival tissues are closely related to the occurrence and progression of periodontitis and are potential signature molecules involved in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiying Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keke Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanting Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Fang, ; Ting Chen, ; Buling Wu,
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Fang, ; Ting Chen, ; Buling Wu,
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Fuchun Fang, ; Ting Chen, ; Buling Wu,
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Proteomics Disclose the Potential of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) as a Source of Biomarkers for Severe Periodontitis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062161. [PMID: 35329612 PMCID: PMC8950923 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a widespread disorder comprising gingivitis, a mild early gum inflammation, and periodontitis, a more severe multifactorial inflammatory disease that, if left untreated, can lead to the gradual destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. To date, effective etiopathogenetic models fully explaining the clinical features of periodontal disease are not available. Obviously, a better understanding of periodontal disease could facilitate its diagnosis and improve its treatment. The purpose of this study was to employ a proteomic approach to analyze the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with severe periodontitis, in search of potential biomarkers. GCF samples, collected from both periodontally healthy sites (H-GCF) and the periodontal pocket (D-GCF), were subjected to a comparison analysis using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A total of 26 significantly different proteins, 14 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated in D-GCF vs. H-GCF, were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The main expressed proteins were inflammatory molecules, immune responders, and host enzymes. Most of these proteins were functionally connected using the STRING analysis database. Once validated in a large scale-study, these proteins could represent a cluster of promising biomarkers capable of making a valuable contribution for a better assessment of periodontitis.
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Karasawa S, Nakada TA, Sato M, Miyasho T, Shimada T, Oshima T, Suda K, Shinozaki K, Oda S. Early Elevation of Cell-free DNA After Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in Rats. J Surg Res 2021; 269:28-35. [PMID: 34517186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is challenging to diagnose in the early phase. We tested the hypothesis that blood levels of cell-free DNA would increase early after AMI. In addition, proteome analysis was conducted as an exploratory analysis to identify other potential diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS Mesenteric ischemia, abdominal sepsis, and sham model were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats. The abdominal sepsis model was induced by cecum puncture and mesenteric ischemia model by ligation of the superior mesenteric artery. Blood levels of cell-free DNA were measured 2 h and 6 h after wound closure. Shotgun proteome analysis was performed using plasma samples obtained at the 2 h timepoint; quantitative analysis was conducted for proteins detected exclusively in the AMI models. RESULTS Blood cell-free DNA levels at 2 h after wound closure were significantly higher in the AMI model than in the sham and the abdominal sepsis models (P < 0.05). Cell-free DNA was positively correlated with the pathologic ischemia severity score (correlation coefficient 0.793-0.834, P < 0.001). Derivative proteome analysis in blood at 2-h time point revealed higher intensity of paraoxonase-1 in the AMI models than in the abdominal sepsis models; the significantly high blood paraoxonase-1 levels in the AMI models were confirmed in a separate quantitative analysis (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Cell-free DNA was demonstrated to be a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia in a rat model of AMI. Paraoxonase-1 may also play a role in the differential diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia from abdominal sepsis. The current results warrant further investigation in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Karasawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Sato
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taku Miyasho
- Laboratory of Animal Biological Responses, Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tadanaga Shimada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Taku Oshima
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Division of Upper GI, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Koichiro Shinozaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Shigeto Oda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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11
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Xiao X, Song T, Xiao X, Liu Y, Sun H, Guo Z, Liu X, Shao C, Li Q, Sun W. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the human gingival crevicular fluid proteome and metaproteome. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000321. [PMID: 34464030 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an integral part of oral fluid that plays a special role in maintaining the structure of junctional epithelium and defending against bacterial infection. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the composition of the human GCF proteome and metaproteome simultaneously to obtain multidimensional information about GCF. A total of 3680 human proteins (2540 with at least two unique peptides) were identified in the normal GCF sample, and their functions were mainly associated with immune function and inflammation. Among these proteins, 1874 proteins could be quantified by the iBAQ algorithm, and their abundances spanned a dynamic range of six orders of magnitude. For the GCF metaproteome, a total of 3082 proteins and 69 genera were found. In addition, 16 genera were not identified by GCF metagenomic analysis. Compared to the saliva metaproteome, 32 genera were found to be in common. The protein quantitative analysis showed that the abundance of GCF metaproteome contributed to approximately 4.17% of the total GCF proteome. The top three most abundant genera were Fusobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Leptotrichia. The above data will be useful for future research on GCF-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xiao
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolian Xiao
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Department of Dentistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dentistry, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Pyruvate Kinase, Inflammation and Periodontal Disease. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070784. [PMID: 34206267 PMCID: PMC8308603 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase (PK) is the final and rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis. It has four isoforms PKM1, PKM2, PKL and PKR. PK can form homo tetramers, dimers or monomers. The tetrameric form has the most catalytic activity; however, the dimeric form has non-canonical functions that contribute to the inflammatory response, wound healing and cellular crosstalk. This brief review explores these functions and speculates on their role in periodontal disease.
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13
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Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Oral Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115488. [PMID: 34070986 PMCID: PMC8197098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is an integral part of the general health and well-being of individuals. The presence of oral disease is potentially indicative of a number of systemic diseases and may contribute to their early diagnosis and treatment. The ubiquitin (Ub) system has been shown to play a role in cellular immune response, cellular development, and programmed cell death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Its mechanism involves a number of factors, including Ub-activating enzymes, Ub-conjugating enzymes, and Ub protein ligases. Deubiquitinating enzymes, which are proteases that reversely modify proteins by removing Ub or Ub-like molecules or remodeling Ub chains on target proteins, have recently been regarded as crucial regulators of ubiquitination-mediated degradation and are known to significantly affect cellular pathways, a number of biological processes, DNA damage response, and DNA repair pathways. Research has increasingly shown evidence of the relationship between ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and oral disease. This review investigates recent progress in discoveries in diseased oral sites and discusses the roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in oral disease.
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14
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Bostanci N, Grant M, Bao K, Silbereisen A, Hetrodt F, Manoil D, Belibasakis GN. Metaproteome and metabolome of oral microbial communities. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:46-81. [PMID: 33226703 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-throughput technologies for the comprehensive measurement of biomolecules, also referred to as "omics" technologies, has helped us gather "big data" and characterize microbial communities. In this article, we focus on metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches that support hypothesis-driven investigations on various oral biologic samples. Proteomics reveals the working units of the oral milieu and metabolomics unveils the reactions taking place; and so these complementary techniques can unravel the functionality and underlying regulatory processes within various oral microbial communities. Current knowledge of the proteomic interplay and metabolic interactions of microorganisms within oral biofilm and salivary microbiome communities is presented and discussed, from both clinical and basic research perspectives. Communities indicative of, or from, health, caries, periodontal diseases, and endodontic lesions are represented. Challenges, future prospects, and examples of best practice are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa Grant
- Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Franziska Hetrodt
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Mohd Nasri FA, Zainal Ariffin SH, Karsani SA, Megat Abdul Wahab R. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid to identify potential early markers for root resorption. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:256. [PMID: 32917196 PMCID: PMC7488717 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthodontically-induced root resorption is an iatrogenic effect and it cannot be examined regularly due to the harmful effects of sequential doses of radiation with more frequent radiography. This study aims to compare protein abundance (PA) of pre-treatment and during orthodontic treatment for root resorption and to determine potential early markers for root resorption. Methods Ten subjects (n = 10) who had upper and lower fixed appliances (MBT, 3 M Unitek, 0.022″ × 0.028″) were recruited for this study. Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was obtained using periopaper strips at pre-treatment (T0), 1 month (T1), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T6) of orthodontic treatment. Periapical radiographs of the upper permanent central incisors were taken at T0 and T6 to measure the amount of root resorption. Identification of changes in PA was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Student’s t-test was then performed to determine the significance of the differences in protein abundance before and after orthodontic treatment. Results Our findings showed that all ten subjects had mild root resorption, with an average resorption length of 0.56 ± 0.30 mm. A total of 186 proteins were found to be commonly present at T0, T1, T3, and T6. There were significant changes in the abundance of 16 proteins (student’s t-test, p ≤ 0.05). The increased PA of S100A9, immunoglobulin J chain, heat shock protein 1A, immunoglobulin heavy variable 4–34 and vitronectin at T1 suggested a response to stress that involved inflammation during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. On the other hand, the increased PA of thymidine phosphorylase at T3 suggested growth promotion and, angiogenic and chemotactic activities. Conclusions The identified proteins can be potential early markers for root resorption based on the increase in their respective PA and predicted roles during the early phase of orthodontic treatment. Non-invasive detection of root resorption using protein markers as early as possible is extremely important as it can aid orthodontists in successful orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Amirah Mohd Nasri
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Malaysia Genome Institute (MGI), National Institute of Biotechnology Malaysia (NIBM), Jalan Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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16
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Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155270. [PMID: 32722327 PMCID: PMC7432128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given its intrinsic nature, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an attractive source for the discovery of novel biomarkers of periodontal diseases. GCF contains antimicrobial peptides and small proteins which could play a role in specific immune-inflammatory responses to guarantee healthy gingival status and to prevent periodontal diseases. Presently, several proteomics studies have been performed leading to increased coverage of the GCF proteome, however fewer efforts have been done to explore its natural peptides. To fill such gap, this review provides an overview of the mass spectrometric platforms and experimental designs aimed at GCF peptidome profiling, including our own data and experiences gathered from over several years of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based approach in this field. These tools might be useful for capturing snapshots containing diagnostic clinical information on an individual and population scale, which may be used as a specific code not only for the diagnosis of the nature or the stage of the inflammatory process in periodontal disease, but more importantly, for its prognosis, which is still an unmet medical need. As a matter of fact, current peptidomics investigations suffer from a lack of standardized procedures, posing a serious problem for data interpretation. Descriptions of the efforts to address such concerns will be highlighted.
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17
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Rizal MI, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Assiddiq BF, Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM. Proteomics approach for biomarkers and diagnosis of periodontitis: systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04022. [PMID: 32529063 PMCID: PMC7276445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative proteomic workflow based on mass spectrometry (MS) is recently developed by the researchers to screen for biomarkers in periodontal diseases comprising periodontitis. Periodontitis is known for chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, yet has a lack of clear pathobiology based on a discrepancy between specified categories and diagnostic vagueness. The objective of this review was to outlined the accessible information related to proteomics studies on periodontitis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guides to acquaint proteomic analysis on periodontal diseases was applied. Three databases were used in this study, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Biomed Central from 2009 up to November 2019. Proteomics analysis platforms that used in the studies were outlined. Upregulated and downregulated proteins findings data were found, in which could be suitable as candidate biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihsan Rizal
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Endang W. Bachtiar
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Boy M. Bachtiar
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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18
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Jiang R, Rong C, Ke R, Meng S, Yan X, Ke H, Wu S. Differential proteomic analysis of serum exosomes reveals alterations in progression of Parkinson disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17478. [PMID: 31593110 PMCID: PMC6799836 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles with intercellular communication functions, and their encapsulated proteins may participate in the pathological process of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the protein changes of serum exosomes in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with different disease progress types, and to identify potential biomarkers. The exosomes of PD patients with different severity and healthy control group were isolated from serum. The exosome proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry with label-free quantitative proteomics. A total of 429 proteins were identified, of which 14 were significantly different in mild and severe PD patients. The expression levels of 7 proteins, including pigmented epithelium-derived factor, afamin, apolipoprotein D and J, were significantly increased in PD patients. The expression levels of 7 proteins, including complement C1q and protein Immunoglobulin Lambda Variable 1-33 (IGLV1-33)Cluster -33, were decreased in PD patients. These differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, which confirmed that the interaction between prion diseases and ECM receptors was the most significant pathways of enrichment. The changes of proteins and pathways may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. Therefore, some of these proteins could be considered as potential biomarkers for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilai Jiang
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Chunjiao Rong
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | - Shuiyan Meng
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Honglin Ke
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
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19
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Wen X, Franchi L, Chen F, Gu Y. Proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid for novel biomarkers of pubertal growth peak. Eur J Orthod 2019; 40:414-422. [PMID: 29092020 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Detection of pubertal growth peak is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains abundant proteins from different sources and is an ideal source of biomarkers. The aim of this research is to detect candidate GCF biomarkers of pubertal growth by tandem mass tags (TMT) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to help diagnosis and treatment planning of functional treatment. Methods Forty subjects were recruited and were divided into pubertal and post-pubertal groups according to cervical vertebral maturation method. GCF samples were collected by paper points. GCF proteome of pubertal and post-pubertal subjects was compared by TMT labelling coupled with LC-MS/MS. Results A total of 537 proteins were detected in GCF samples, with 183 proteins detected in GCF for the first time. These proteins were involved in processes of immune response, ion transport, and signal transduction. The GCF concentration of vitamin D binding protein (DBP) and seroserotransferrin (Tf) was significantly higher in pubertal than that in post-pubertal subjects. DBP and Tf, therefore, were considered to be candidate biomarkers of pubertal growth. This result was validated using GCF samples from new subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that TMT labelling coupled with LC-MS/MS were proved to be a useful method for proteomic analysis of GCF with high accuracy. The expression of DBP and Tf was increased in children at circumpubertal stage and can be considered candidate biomarkers of pubertal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wen
- Department of orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China
| | | | - Feng Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Haidian District, PR. China
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20
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Tsuchida S, Satoh M, Takiwaki M, Nomura F. Current Status of Proteomic Technologies for Discovering and Identifying Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers for Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010086. [PMID: 30587811 PMCID: PMC6337088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in dental biofilms. To eliminate the bacteria, immune system cells release substances that inflame and damage the gums, periodontal ligament, or alveolar bone, leading to swollen bleeding gums, which is a sign of gingivitis. Damage from periodontal disease can cause teeth to loosen also. Studies have demonstrated the proteomic approach to be a promising tool for the discovery and identification of biochemical markers of periodontal diseases. Recently, many studies have applied expression proteomics to identify proteins whose expression levels are altered by disease. As a fluid lying in close proximity to the periodontal tissue, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the principal target in the search for periodontal disease biomarkers because its protein composition may reflect the disease pathophysiology. Biochemical marker analysis of GCF is effective for objective diagnosis in the early and advanced stages of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are also promising targets for proteomics, and several groups, including ours, have applied proteomics in the search for GCF biomarkers of periodontal diseases. This search is of continuing interest in the field of experimental and clinical periodontal disease research. In this article, we summarize the current situation of proteomic technologies to discover and identify GCF biomarkers for periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Tsuchida
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Masaki Takiwaki
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Division of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
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21
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Shin MS, Kim YG, Shin YJ, Ko BJ, Kim S, Kim HD. Deep sequencing salivary proteins for periodontitis using proteomics. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3571-3580. [PMID: 30554327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2779-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Saliva is a bodily fluid transuded from gingival crevice fluid and blood and contains many proteins. Proteins in saliva have been studied as markers for periodontal diseases. Mass spectrometric analysis is applied to investigate biomarker proteins that are related to periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 207 participants including 36 pairs matched for age, sex, and smoking who joined Yangpyeong health cohort. Periodontitis was defined by 2005 5th European guideline. Shotgun proteomics was applied to detect proteins from saliva samples. Principal component analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for canonical pathway and protein pathway were applied. Protein-protein interaction was also applied. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to verify the candidate protein markers among another matched participants (n = 80). RESULTS Shotgun proteomics indicated that salivary S100A8 and S100A9 were candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. ELISA confirmed that both salivary S100A8 and S100A9 were higher in those with periodontitis compared to those without periodontitis (paired-t test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our proteomics data showed that S100A8 and S100A9 in saliva could be candidate biomarkers for periodontitis. The rapid-test-kit using salivary S100A8 and S100A9 will be a practical tool for reducing the risk of periodontitis and promotion of periodontal health. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A rapid-test-kit using salivary biomarkers, S100A8 and S100A9, could be utilized by clinicians and individuals for screening periodontitis, which might reduce the morbidity of periodontitis and promote periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Seop Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Marinho MC, Pacheco ABF, Costa GCV, Ortiz ND, Zajdenverg L, Sansone C. Quantitative gingival crevicular fluid proteome in type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2018; 25:588-595. [PMID: 30362201 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the proteome of the gingival crevicular fluid comparing the relative abundance of proteins from type 2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) individuals and chronic periodontitis (CP) affected sites, subjects affected by both conditions and healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty individuals were equally allocated in four groups, 2DM with CP, 2DM periodontally healthy, CP without 2DM, and periodontally healthy without 2DM. The relative quantification of proteins was accessed with iTRAQ labeling and mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A total of 104 proteins showed significant differences in abundance in pairwise comparisons. Some presented different levels in all diseased groups as compared to control, either increasing (rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor, S100A8, S100A9, and immunoglobulins) or decreasing (actins, myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate, and glutathione S-transferase). Other differences were specific for a given condition: Titin, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase levels were higher in the DP group, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide decreased in CP, and annexin decreased in DH. These differences in the proteome can provide clues for further studies that will validate the variation in their levels and their role in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Marinho
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz F Pacheco
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovani C V Costa
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD/LADETEC/IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nina D Ortiz
- Brazilian Doping Control Laboratory (LBCD/LADETEC/IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lenita Zajdenverg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Diabetes and Nutrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Sansone
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Periodontology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Pérez-Sayáns M, Bravo SB, López-Jornet P, García-Vence M, Alonso-Sampedro M, Carballo J, García-García A. Protein-Based Salivary Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Oral Diseases. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:6141845. [PMID: 30524521 PMCID: PMC6247606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6141845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Global Burden of Oral Diseases affects 3.5 billion people worldwide, representing the number of people affected by the burden of untreated dental caries, severe periodontal disease, and edentulism. Thus, much more efforts in terms of diagnostics and treatments must be provided in the fight of these outcomes. In this sense, recently, the study of saliva as biological matrix has been identified as a new landmark initiative in the search of novel and useful biomarkers to prevent and diagnose these conditions. Specifically, saliva is a rich reservoir of different proteins and peptides and accessible due to recent advances in molecular biology and specially in targeted and unbiased proteomics technologies. Nonetheless, emerging barriers are an obstacle to the study of the salivary proteome in an effective way. This review aims at giving an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers identified in several oral diseases by means of molecular biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pía López-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María García-Vence
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuela Alonso-Sampedro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital Complex (CHUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Javier Carballo
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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Preianò M, Maggisano G, Murfuni MS, Villella C, Pelaia C, Montalcini T, Lombardo N, Pelaia G, Savino R, Terracciano R. An Analytical Method for Assessing Optimal Storage Conditions of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Disclosing a Peptide Biomarker Signature of Gingivitis by MALDI-TOF MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1800005. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariaimmacolata Preianò
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Maria Stella Murfuni
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Chiara Villella
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Nicola Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro 88100 Italy
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Bostanci N, Belibasakis GN. Gingival crevicular fluid and its immune mediators in the proteomic era. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:68-84. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Batschkus S, Cingoez G, Urlaub H, Miosge N, Kirschneck C, Meyer-Marcotty P, Lenz C. A new albumin-depletion strategy improves proteomic research of gingival crevicular fluid from periodontitis patients. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1375-1384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Ubiquitination in Periodontal Disease: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071476. [PMID: 28698506 PMCID: PMC5535967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (periodontitis) is a chronic inflammatory condition initiated by microbial infection that leads to gingival tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption. The periodontal tissue's response to dental plaque is characterized by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, all of which release inflammatory mediators and cytokines to orchestrate the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Ubiquitination is achieved by a mechanism that involves a number of factors, including an ubiquitin-activating enzyme, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and ubiquitin-protein ligase. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification restricted to eukaryotes that are involved in essential host processes. The ubiquitin system has been implicated in the immune response, development, and programmed cell death. Increasing numbers of recent reports have provided evidence that many approaches are delivering promising reports for discovering the relationship between ubiquitination and periodontal disease. The scope of this review was to investigate recent progress in the discovery of ubiquitinated protein in diseased periodontium and to discuss the ubiquitination process in periodontal diseases.
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Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Deutsch O, Zaks B, Krief G, Chaushu S, Palmon A. Identification of salivary protein biomarkers for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28371361 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most prevalent and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to discover potential diagnostic protein biomarkers for detection of OIIRR in whole saliva (WS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Unstimulated WS was collected from 72 subjects: 48 OIIRR patients and 24 untreated, generally healthy, age and gender matched controls. Radiographic assessment of periapical x-rays of four upper incisors taken before and 9 months after bonding was done. High-abundance proteins were depleted followed by two-dimensional-gel-electrophoresis and quantitative mass spectrometry (qMS). Finally, to initially validate qMS results, Western blotting was performed. RESULTS qMS revealed differentially expressed proteins in the moderate-to-severe OIIRR group, which have never been found in WS before. Additionally, in the moderate-to-severe young OIIRR group, the pathogenetic mechanisms related to actin cytoskeleton regulation and Fc gamma R- mediated phagocytosis were detected, while in adults- to focal adhesion. Preliminary validation by Western blotting of fetuin-A and p21-ARC indicated expression profile trends similar to those identified by qMS. CONCLUSION The significance of WS novel proteomic methodologies is clearly demonstrated for detecting new OIIRR biomarkers as well as for unveiling possible novel pathogenetic mechanisms in both young and adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel.,Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Deutsch
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Batia Zaks
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Krief
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Israel
| | - Aaron Palmon
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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29
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Yaprak E, Kasap M, Akpınar G, Kayaaltı-Yüksek S, Sinanoğlu A, Guzel N, Demirturk Kocasarac H. The prominent proteins expressed in healthy gingiva: a pilot exploratory tissue proteomics study. Odontology 2017; 106:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Moriya Y, Obama T, Aiuchi T, Sugiyama T, Endo Y, Koide Y, Noguchi E, Ishizuka M, Inoue M, Itabe H, Yamamoto M. Quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluids from deciduous and permanent teeth. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:353-362. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Moriya
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Department of Molecular Biology; Showa University School of Pharmacy; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Department of Molecular Biology; Showa University School of Pharmacy; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Department of Molecular Biology; Showa University School of Pharmacy; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomomi Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yumiko Endo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoko Koide
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Motonori Ishizuka
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Department of Molecular Biology; Showa University School of Pharmacy; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuko Inoue
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry; Department of Molecular Biology; Showa University School of Pharmacy; Shinagawa-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Matsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology; Showa University School of Dentistry; Ohta-ku Tokyo Japan
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31
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Khurshid Z, Mali M, Naseem M, Najeeb S, Zafar MS. Human Gingival Crevicular Fluids (GCF) Proteomics: An Overview. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:dj5010012. [PMID: 29563418 PMCID: PMC5806989 DOI: 10.3390/dj5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other fluids of the human body, a gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) contains proteins, a diverse population of cells, desquamated epithelial cells, and bacteria from adjacent plaque. Proteomic tools have revolutionized the characterization of proteins and peptides and the detection of early disease changes in the human body. Gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs) are a very specific oral cavity fluid that represents periodontal health. Due to their non-invasive sampling, they have attracted proteome research and are used as diagnostic fluids for periodontal diseases and drug analysis. The aim of this review is to explore the proteomic science of gingival crevicular fluids (GCFs), their physiology, and their role in disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maria Mali
- Department of Orthodontics, Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi 78650, Pakistan.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar-Al-Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Dentistry, Riyadh Consultative Clinics, Riyadh 11313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Taibah University, Medina Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
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32
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Bostanci N, Bao K. Contribution of proteomics to our understanding of periodontal inflammation. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagihan Bostanci
- Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institute; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Kai Bao
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Oral Biology; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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33
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Salih E. Qualitative and Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Oral Fluids in Health and Periodontal Disease by Mass Spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1537:37-60. [PMID: 27924587 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6685-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The significance of protein identification and characterization by classical protein chemistry approaches is clearly highlighted by our detailed understanding of the biological systems assembled over a time period of almost a century. The advent of state-of-the-art mass spectrometry (MS) with sensitivity, speed, and global protein analysis capacity without individual protein purification has transformed the classical protein chemistry with premise to accelerate discovery. These combined with the ability of the oral fluids such as whole saliva (WS) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to reflect both systemic and locally derived proteins have generated significant interest to characterize these fluids more extensively by MS technology. This chapter deals with the experimental details of preanalytical steps using multidimensional protein separation combined with MS analysis of WS and GCF to achieve detailed protein composition at qualitative and quantitative levels. These approaches are interfaced with gold standard "stable-isotope" labeling technologies for large-scale quantitative MS analysis which is a prerequisite to determine accurate alterations in protein levels as a function of disease progression. The latter incorporates two stable-isotope chemistries one specific for cysteine containing proteins and the other universal amine-specific reagent in conjunction with oral fluids in health and periodontal disease to perform quantitative MS analysis. In addition, specific preanalytical steps demanded by the oral fluids such as GCF and WS for sample preparations to overcome limitations and uncertainties are elaborated for reliable large-scale quantitative MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdjan Salih
- Department of Periodontology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 700 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Ozeki M, Nozaki T, Aoki J, Bamba T, Jensen KR, Murakami S, Toyoda M. Metabolomic Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:A0047. [PMID: 27446770 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent threats to oral health as the most common cause of tooth loss. In order to perform effective treatment, a clinical test that detect sites where disease activity is high and predicts periodontal tissue destruction is strongly desired, however, it is still difficult to prognose the periodontal tissue breakdown on the basis of conventional methods. The aim of this study is to examine the usefulness of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which could eventually be used for on-site analysis of metabolites in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in order to objectively diagnose periodontitis at a molecular level. GCF samples were collected from two diseased sites (one site with a moderate pocket and another site with a deep pocket) from each patient and from clinically healthy sites of volunteers. Nineteen metabolites were identified using GC/MS. Total ion current chromatograms showed broad differences in metabolite peak patterns between GCF samples obtained from healthy sites, moderate-pocket sites, and deep-pocket sites. The intensity difference of some metabolites was significant at sites with deep pockets compared to healthy sites. Additionally, metabolite intensities at moderate-pocket sites showed an intermediate profile between the severely diseased sites and healthy sites, which suggested that periodontitis progression could be observed with a changing metabolite profile. Principal component analysis confirmed these observations by clearly delineating healthy sites and sites with deep pockets. These results suggest that metabolomic analysis of GCF could be useful for prediction and diagnosis of periodontal disease in a single visit from a patient and provides the groundwork for establishing a new, on-site diagnostic method for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ozeki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Takenori Nozaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Jun Aoki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University
| | - Kirk R Jensen
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University; Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University
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Advances of Proteomic Sciences in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050728. [PMID: 27187379 PMCID: PMC4881550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of proteomics tools revolutionized various biomedical disciplines such as genetics, molecular biology, medicine, and dentistry. The aim of this review is to highlight the major milestones in proteomics in dentistry during the last fifteen years. Human oral cavity contains hard and soft tissues and various biofluids including saliva and crevicular fluid. Proteomics has brought revolution in dentistry by helping in the early diagnosis of various diseases identified by the detection of numerous biomarkers present in the oral fluids. This paper covers the role of proteomics tools for the analysis of oral tissues. In addition, dental materials proteomics and their future directions are discussed.
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36
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Preianò M, Maggisano G, Lombardo N, Montalcini T, Paduano S, Pelaia G, Savino R, Terracciano R. Influence of storage conditions on MALDI-TOF MS profiling of gingival crevicular fluid: Implications on the role of S100A8 and S100A9 for clinical and proteomic based diagnostic investigations. Proteomics 2016; 16:1033-45. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariaimmacolata Preianò
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maggisano
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Nicola Lombardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Sergio Paduano
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
| | - Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Health Sciences; Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics; University “Magna Graecia”; Catanzaro Italy
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37
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Detection of Ubiquitinated Dermcidin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontal Disease. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of human saliva for diagnosing disease has been known to be of great clinical potential, few attempts have been made so far to develop its use. In this work, we developed an MRM-MS approach for 35 plasma biomarkers using human saliva in a clinical environment. METHODS & RESULTS A 30-min micro LC-MS/MS run in MRM mode was conducted in order to quantify the 35 plasma proteins in human saliva. Sample preparation procedures were performed in quadruplicate and analyzed in duplicate. Results show that 32 of the 35 plasma proteins were quantified in human saliva using calibration curves in the 2- log10 dynamic ranges with excellent linearity. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our MRM method is compatible with routine measurements in daily clinical practice.
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39
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Nam SH, Jung HI, Kang SM, Inaba D, Kwon HK, Kim BI. Validity of Screening Methods for Periodontitis Using Salivary Hemoglobin Level and Self-Report Questionnaires in People with Disabilities. J Periodontol 2015; 86:536-45. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Karlsson H, Kontush A, James RW. Functionality of HDL: antioxidation and detoxifying effects. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:207-228. [PMID: 25522989 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are complexes of multiple talents, some of which have only recently been recognised but all of which are under active investigation. Clinical interest initially arose from their amply demonstrated role in atherosclerotic disease with their consequent designation as a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. However, interest is no longer confined to vascular tissues, with the reports of impacts of the lipoprotein on pancreatic, renal and nervous tissues, amongst other possible targets. The ever-widening scope of HDL talents also encompasses environmental hazards, including infectious agents and environmental toxins. In almost all cases, HDL would appear to have a beneficial impact on health. It raises the intriguing question of whether these various talents emanate from a basic ancestral function to protect the cell.The following chapter will illustrate and review our current understanding of some of the functions attributed to HDL. The first section will look at the antioxidative functions of HDL and possible mechanisms that are involved. The second section will focus specifically on paraoxonase-1 (PON1), which appears to bridge the divide between the two HDL functions discussed herein. This will lead into the final section dealing with HDL as a detoxifying agent protecting against exposure to environmental pathogens and other toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Heart Medical Centre, County Council of Ostergotland, Linkoping University, SE-58185, Linkoping, Sweden,
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41
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Huynh AHS, Veith PD, McGregor NR, Adams GG, Chen D, Reynolds EC, Ngo LH, Darby IB. Gingival crevicular fluid proteomes in health, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:637-49. [PMID: 25439677 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the proteome composition of gingival crevicular fluid obtained from healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis affected sites. BACKGROUND Owing to its site-specific nature, gingival crevicular fluid is ideal for studying biological processes that occur during periodontal health and disease progression. However, few studies have been conducted into the gingival crevicular fluid proteome due to the small volumes obtained. METHODS Fifteen males were chosen for each of three different groups, healthy periodontium, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. They were categorized based on clinical measurements including probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, radiographic bone level, modified gingival index and smoking status. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each patient, pooled into healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups and their proteome analyzed by gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-one proteins in total were identified, and two-thirds of these were identified in all three conditions. Forty-two proteins were considered to have changed in abundance. Of note, cystatin B and cystatin S decreased in abundance from health to gingivitis and further in chronic periodontitis. Complement proteins demonstrated an increase from health to gingivitis followed by a decrease in chronic periodontitis. Immunoglobulins, keratin proteins, fibronectin, lactotransferrin precursor, 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta, neutrophil defensin 3 and alpha-actinin exhibited fluctuations in levels. CONCLUSION The gingival crevicular fluid proteome in each clinical condition was different and its analysis may assist us in understanding periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H S Huynh
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - P D Veith
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - N R McGregor
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - G G Adams
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - D Chen
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - E C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - L H Ngo
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - I B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Ogita M, Tsuchida S, Aoki A, Satoh M, Kado S, Sawabe M, Nanbara H, Kobayashi H, Takeuchi Y, Mizutani K, Sasaki Y, Nomura F, Izumi Y. Increased cell proliferation and differential protein expression induced by low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation in human gingival fibroblasts: proteomic analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1855-66. [PMID: 25429773 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatment has demonstrated favorable wound healing effect after periodontal therapy. One of the reasons may be the positive biological effect of the low-level laser on the irradiated tissues, although the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation on cell proliferation and laser-induced differential expression of proteins in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by proteomic analysis. In the first experiment, HGFs were exposed to low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation and the laser-induced cell proliferation and damage were evaluated on day 3. In the second experiment, proteomic analysis was performed on day 1 after irradiation. The peptides prepared from HGFs were analyzed by a hybrid ion trap-Fourier transform mass spectrometer, Mascot search engine, and UniProtKB database. A significant increase in cell proliferation without cell damage after irradiation was observed. Among the total identified 377 proteins, 59 proteins, including galectin-7, which was associated with the process of wound healing, were upregulated and 15 proteins were downregulated in laser-treated HGFs. In the third experiment, the increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of galectin-7 in the irradiated HGFs was validated by various analytical techniques. In addition, the effect of recombinant human galectin-7 on the modulation of HGFs proliferation was confirmed. The results indicate that low-level Er:YAG laser irradiation can promote HGF proliferation and induce a significant change in protein expression and the upregulation of galectin-7 expression may partly contribute to the increase in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ogita
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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43
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Assessment of pre-analytical and analytical variables affecting peptidome profiling of gingival crevicular fluid by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:120-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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44
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Rody WJ, Holliday LS, McHugh KP, Wallet SM, Spicer V, Krokhin O. Mass spectrometry analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in the presence of external root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2014; 145:787-98. [PMID: 24880850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to investigate the differences in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid between resorbing deciduous molars and nonresorbing permanent teeth. The main goal was to identify novel biomarkers associated with root resorption. METHODS Eleven children (4 boys, 7 girls) in the mixed dentition were selected to participate in this split-mouth design study, in which a deciduous second molar with radiographic evidence of root resorption served as the experimental site, and the permanent first molar on the contralateral quadrant was the control site. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using absorbing strips. A total of 22 samples (11 root resorption, 11 control) were each analyzed with 1-dimensional LC-MS. The remaining samples were then pooled across the 11 patients and analyzed by 2-dimensional LC-MS. The output files were converted to mascot generic format, which can be used to perform protein identification with conventional search engines. RESULTS The 2-dimensional LC-MS protocol was able to identify 2789 and 2421 proteins in the control and resorption pooled samples, respectively. In this population, we detected significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins in the teeth with root resorption. Interestingly, many of these proteins are characteristically found in exosomes. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel proteins that might prove to be useful biomarkers of root resorption, individually or as part of a panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington J Rody
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
| | - L Shannon Holliday
- Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Kevin P McHugh
- Associate professor, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- Associate professor, Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Victor Spicer
- Bioinformatics specialist, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Oleg Krokhin
- Assistant professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; senior scientist, Manitoba Center for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada
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45
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Trindade F, Oppenheim FG, Helmerhorst EJ, Amado F, Gomes PS, Vitorino R. Uncovering the molecular networks in periodontitis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:748-61. [PMID: 24828325 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex immune-inflammatory disease that results from a preestablished infection in gingiva, mainly due to Gram-negative bacteria that colonize deeper in gingival sulcus and latter periodontal pocket. Host inflammatory and immune responses have both protective and destructive roles. Although cytokines, prostaglandins, and proteases struggle against microbial burden, these molecules promote connective tissue loss and alveolar bone resorption, leading to several histopathological changes, namely destruction of periodontal ligament, deepening of periodontal pocket, and bone loss, which can converge to attain tooth loss. Despite the efforts of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics/peptidomics, and metabolomics, there is no available biomarker for periodontitis diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation, which could assist on the established clinical evaluation. Nevertheless, some genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites have already shown a different expression in healthy subjects and in patients. Though, so far, 'omics approaches only disclosed the host inflammatory response as a consequence of microbial invasion in periodontitis and the diagnosis in periodontitis still relies on clinical parameters, thus a molecular tool for assessing periodontitis lacks in current dental medicine paradigm. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been attracting researchers due to their diagnostic potential, ease, and noninvasive nature of collection. Each one of these fluids has some advantages and disadvantages that are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Trindade
- QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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46
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Carneiro LG, Nouh H, Salih E. Quantitative gingival crevicular fluid proteome in health and periodontal disease using stable isotope chemistries and mass spectrometry. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:733-47. [PMID: 24738839 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Application of quantitative stable isotope-labelling chemistries and mass spectrometry (MS) to determine alterations in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteome in periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative proteome of GCF from 40 healthy individuals versus 40 patients with periodontal disease was established using 320 GCF samples and stable isotope-labelling reagents, ICAT and mTRAQ, with MS technology and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent methods. RESULTS We have identified 238 distinct proteins of which 180 were quantified in GCF of both healthy and periodontal patients with additional 26 and 32 distinct proteins that were found only in GCF of healthy or periodontal patients. In addition, 42 pathogenic bacterial proteins and 11 yeast proteins were quantified. The data highlighted a series of proteins not quantified previously by large-scale MS approaches in GCF with relevance to periodontal disease, such as host-derived Ig alpha-2 chain C, Kallikrein-4, S100-A9, transmembrane proteinase 13, peptidase S1 domain, several collagen types and pathogenic bacterial proteins, e.g. formamidase, leucine aminopeptidase and virulence factor OMP85. CONCLUSIONS The innovative analytical approaches provided detailed novel changes in both host and microbial derived GCF proteomes of periodontal patients. The study defined 50 host and 16 pathogenic bacterial proteins significantly elevated in periodontal disease most of which were novel with significant potential for application in the clinical arena of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G Carneiro
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Tsuchida S, Satoh M, Sogawa K, Kawashima Y, Kado S, Ishige T, Beppu M, Sawai S, Nishimura M, Kodera Y, Matsushita K, Nomura F. Application of proteomic technologies to discover and identify biomarkers for periodontal diseases in gingival crevicular fluid: A review. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachio Tsuchida
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
- Chemical Analysis Center; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sogawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Dynamics; Department of Physics; School of Science; Kitasato University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Sayaka Kado
- Chemical Analysis Center; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishige
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
| | - Minako Beppu
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Setsu Sawai
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Motoi Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Dynamics; Department of Physics; School of Science; Kitasato University; Sagamihara Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; Graduate School of Medicine; Chiba University; Chiba Japan
- Clinical Proteomics Research Center; Chiba University Hospital; Chiba Japan
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48
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Noguchi E, Kato R, Ohno K, Mitsui A, Obama T, Hirano T, Itabe H, Yamamoto M. The apolipoprotein B concentration in gingival crevicular fluid increases in patients with diabetes mellitus. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:67-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Kinney JS, Morelli T, Oh M, Braun TM, Ramseier CA, Sugai JV, Giannobile WV. Crevicular fluid biomarkers and periodontal disease progression. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41:113-120. [PMID: 24303954 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Assess the ability of a panel of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers as predictors of periodontal disease progression (PDP). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 100 individuals participated in a 12-month longitudinal investigation and were categorized into four groups according to their periodontal status. GCF, clinical parameters and saliva were collected bi-monthly. Subgingival plaque and serum were collected bi-annually. For 6 months, no periodontal treatment was provided. At 6 months, patients received periodontal therapy and continued participation from 6 to 12 months. GCF samples were analysed by ELISA for MMP-8, MMP-9, Osteoprotegerin, C-reactive Protein and IL-1β. Differences in median levels of GCF biomarkers were compared between stable and progressing participants using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (p = 0.05). Clustering algorithm was used to evaluate the ability of oral biomarkers to classify patients as either stable or progressing. RESULTS Eighty-three individuals completed the 6-month monitoring phase. With the exception of GCF C-reactive protein, all biomarkers were significantly higher in the PDP group compared to stable patients. Clustering analysis showed highest sensitivity levels when biofilm pathogens and GCF biomarkers were combined with clinical measures, 74% (95% CI = 61, 86). CONCLUSIONS Signature of GCF fluid-derived biomarkers combined with pathogens and clinical measures provides a sensitive measure for discrimination of PDP (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00277745).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet S Kinney
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine & Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine & Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Currently, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Min Oh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine & Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas M Braun
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Christoph A Ramseier
- Currently, Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jim V Sugai
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine & Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine & Michigan Center for Oral Health Research, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of gingival crevicular fluid in different periodontal conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75898. [PMID: 24098404 PMCID: PMC3787961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To quantify the proteome composition of the GCF in periodontal health (HH) and in sites with different clinical conditions in chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS 5 subjects with HH and 5 with CP were submitted to full-mouth periodontal examination, and GCF sampling. Sites in the CP group were classified and sampled as periodontitis (P, probing depth, PD>4 mm), gingivitis (G, PD≤3 mm with bleeding on probing, BOP), and healthy sites (H, PD≤3 mm without BOP). GCF proteins were subjected to liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identification, characterization and quantification. RESULTS 230 proteins were identified; 145 proteins were detected in HH, 214 in P, 154 in G, and 133 in H. Four proteins were exclusively detected at HH, 43 proteins at P, 7 proteins at G, and 1 protein at H. Compared to HH group, 35 and 6 proteins were more abundant in P and G (p<0.001), respectively; and 4, 15 and 37 proteins were less abundant in P, G and H (p≤0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS There are marked differences in the GCF proteome according to disease profile. Comprehension of the role of the identified proteins in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease may lead to biomarkers definition.
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